American Imperialism in Philippines Essay

‘…[God] made us master organizers of the world…’ said Senator Albert Beveridge. American imperialism is derived from the ever-studied exceptionalism that was carried with the American culture during the 19th century. The term refers to the physical and social influence that the United States has internationally including money, militia, and culture. America applied its imperialistic force to countries such as Cuba, Korea, the Philippines, and even Germany.

January 17, 1893, a faction of people mostly consisting of U.S. citizens performed a coup d’état on the last Monarch of Hawaii. 6 years later, in 1898, Hawaii was completely annexed by the U.S. government. This would put all of Hawaii’s equipment and property, which made the island rich in trade, in the hands of the U.S. The same year the U.S. annexed its neighboring island would also mark the year that it stepped into international affairs.

The Spanish-American war lasted 10 weeks and was an intervention enticed by the American public due to the travesties that resulted from the Cuban war. The victory was huge as it put an end to the Spanish Empire and led to the Treaty of Paris. The Treaty would give the U.S. authority to take control of Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. Cuba finally gained its independence from Spain, although the Philippines were in the middle of a revolution of their own.

With the Spanish Empire now out of the way, the Philippine Republic foresaw independence from the alien government. The U.S. would soon exert its newly attained authority with annexation and colonization. This intervention was greeted with force, causing the Battle of Manila and in turn the American-Philipine War of 1899. The U.S. claimed victory in 1902, forever changing the Philippines politically and culturally.

The U.S. was making a name for itself internationally by gaining territory and ending the Spanish Empire, it was clear that the country needed to protect its Newfoundland. In response to the Venezuela crisis of 1903 and preventative action to the European countries, President Theodore Roosevelt made an addition to the Monroe Doctrine that made it go from passive, to reactionary. It was called the Roosevelt Corollary. This allowed the U.S. to act as international police when sought viable. This would serve well in the imperial rule of the U.S. because for the next 20 years, U.S. military would be going in and out of South America.   

Essay on Foreign Policy Actors

Introduction:

Foreign policy plays a crucial role in a nation’s interactions with the international community. It encompasses a range of decisions and actions aimed at safeguarding national interests, promoting diplomatic relations, and addressing global challenges. Behind the formulation and implementation of foreign policy, there are various actors who exert influence and shape a country’s international engagements. This essay will provide an informative overview of the key foreign policy actors, including states, international organizations, non-state actors, and public opinion.

Body:

States:

States are the primary actors in foreign policy. Sovereign nations make decisions and take actions based on their national interests, values, and strategic goals. Governments play a central role in formulating foreign policy through their executive branches, diplomatic corps, and defense establishments. State actors engage in bilateral and multilateral relations, negotiate treaties, establish diplomatic missions, and participate in international forums like the United Nations, shaping global discourse and influencing policy outcomes.

International Organizations:

International organizations serve as important platforms for cooperation and coordination among nations. Organizations such as the United Nations, European Union, World Trade Organization, and NATO act as influential actors in foreign policy. They facilitate dialogue, provide platforms for negotiations, and contribute to the development of norms and regulations on various global issues. International organizations play a significant role in shaping policies related to peacekeeping, human rights, trade, and environmental sustainability.

Non-State Actors:

Non-state actors have gained prominence in shaping foreign policy outcomes. These actors include non-governmental organizations (NGOs), multinational corporations (MNCs), and transnational advocacy networks. NGOs, such as Amnesty International and Greenpeace, often focus on human rights, environmental protection, and social justice issues, exerting influence on policy formulation through research, advocacy, and lobbying efforts. MNCs, with their economic power and global reach, impact foreign policy through trade, investment, and corporate social responsibility initiatives.

Public Opinion:

Public opinion has become an increasingly significant factor in shaping foreign policy decisions. Governments consider the views and preferences of their citizens while formulating policies that align with popular sentiment. Public opinion can be influenced by media, public discourse, social movements, and electoral dynamics. The rise of digital media platforms has also provided individuals with greater access to information and opportunities to express their opinions on global affairs, further influencing foreign policy debates.

Conclusion:

Foreign policy is a complex and dynamic arena where various actors contribute to the formulation, implementation, and evaluation of a country’s international engagements. States remain central in shaping foreign policy, with their governments taking the lead in decision-making and diplomatic engagements. International organizations provide platforms for multilateral cooperation and coordination, shaping global norms and regulations. Non-state actors, such as NGOs and MNCs, exert influence through advocacy, economic power, and social movements. Finally, public opinion plays an increasingly important role, shaping foreign policy decisions through democratic processes and public discourse.

Understanding the roles and interactions of these foreign policy actors is essential for comprehending the complexities of global relations. It highlights the intricate web of interests, values, and power dynamics that shape international affairs. By recognizing the influence of various actors, policymakers can navigate the challenges and opportunities of an interconnected world more effectively, ensuring that foreign policy decisions reflect the interests and aspirations of their nations.

Essay on Foreign Policy Actors

Introduction:

Foreign policy plays a crucial role in a nation’s interactions with the international community. It encompasses a range of decisions and actions aimed at safeguarding national interests, promoting diplomatic relations, and addressing global challenges. Behind the formulation and implementation of foreign policy, there are various actors who exert influence and shape a country’s international engagements. This essay will provide an informative overview of the key foreign policy actors, including states, international organizations, non-state actors, and public opinion.

Body:

States:

States are the primary actors in foreign policy. Sovereign nations make decisions and take actions based on their national interests, values, and strategic goals. Governments play a central role in formulating foreign policy through their executive branches, diplomatic corps, and defense establishments. State actors engage in bilateral and multilateral relations, negotiate treaties, establish diplomatic missions, and participate in international forums like the United Nations, shaping global discourse and influencing policy outcomes.

International Organizations:

International organizations serve as important platforms for cooperation and coordination among nations. Organizations such as the United Nations, European Union, World Trade Organization, and NATO act as influential actors in foreign policy. They facilitate dialogue, provide platforms for negotiations, and contribute to the development of norms and regulations on various global issues. International organizations play a significant role in shaping policies related to peacekeeping, human rights, trade, and environmental sustainability.

Non-State Actors:

Non-state actors have gained prominence in shaping foreign policy outcomes. These actors include non-governmental organizations (NGOs), multinational corporations (MNCs), and transnational advocacy networks. NGOs, such as Amnesty International and Greenpeace, often focus on human rights, environmental protection, and social justice issues, exerting influence on policy formulation through research, advocacy, and lobbying efforts. MNCs, with their economic power and global reach, impact foreign policy through trade, investment, and corporate social responsibility initiatives.

Public Opinion:

Public opinion has become an increasingly significant factor in shaping foreign policy decisions. Governments consider the views and preferences of their citizens while formulating policies that align with popular sentiment. Public opinion can be influenced by media, public discourse, social movements, and electoral dynamics. The rise of digital media platforms has also provided individuals with greater access to information and opportunities to express their opinions on global affairs, further influencing foreign policy debates.

Conclusion:

Foreign policy is a complex and dynamic arena where various actors contribute to the formulation, implementation, and evaluation of a country’s international engagements. States remain central in shaping foreign policy, with their governments taking the lead in decision-making and diplomatic engagements. International organizations provide platforms for multilateral cooperation and coordination, shaping global norms and regulations. Non-state actors, such as NGOs and MNCs, exert influence through advocacy, economic power, and social movements. Finally, public opinion plays an increasingly important role, shaping foreign policy decisions through democratic processes and public discourse.

Understanding the roles and interactions of these foreign policy actors is essential for comprehending the complexities of global relations. It highlights the intricate web of interests, values, and power dynamics that shape international affairs. By recognizing the influence of various actors, policymakers can navigate the challenges and opportunities of an interconnected world more effectively, ensuring that foreign policy decisions reflect the interests and aspirations of their nations.