I decided to collect information from one of the famous exercise facilities recognized as Chandler recreation facility, located at Chandler city in Arizona State. In an endeavor to gather all the required information, I interviewed the gym’s manager whose name was Mr. Charles. The manager was willing to provide all the information thus reducing the difficulties that I was likely to encounter.
I came to recognize that the objectives and the philosophy of the facility were to change people’s lives through fitness enhancement. In addition, the facility charged the participants differently depending on the activity an individual wished to engage in and their age. It was notable that the cost per month ranged between $50 and $100 across diverse categories and activities. I also noted that Chandler fitness center provided an array of services to its customers. Some of them included boot camping, cycling, yoga, climbing, kickboxing, Aerobics among others.
The manager explained that the facility was in operation 7 days a week, for 24 hours each day. Records of the facility indicated that the age of the participants ranged from 10 to 70 years. More than 5,000 women and 10,000 men were the registered participants during my visit. A number of cultural groups such Hispanics, Latinos, and Black-Americans frequented the facility. In addition, I noted that the gym participated in the provision of outreach services to its participants, therefore, the rise in the proportion of those registering as new members. Some of the outreach services provided by the gym included some education classes aimed at explaining the significance of exercises in one’s life. The gym also offers inexpensive therapies, housing, spiritual and cultural advice.
I noted a close connection between the gym and the clients that they served. This was evidenced by the availability of different facilities for varied categories of clients. For instance, there was a room for the weights suitable for the young and strong, and swimming pools for both exercises and relaxation purposes. As per the gym’s statistics, more men as compared to women participated in the exercises. Moreover, the middle-aged category participated immensely, as compared to the young and the elderly. The literature also supports the results obtained from the facility. The evidence-based research also supports the observations recorded (McCormack & Yorkey, 2011).
The healthy person 2010-2020 aims to curb the augmented rate of disease transmissions. Their findings have shown that gym’s activities are necessary in helping meet such goals. Some of the nursing implication to health promotion includes the creation of an environment that has no diseases through diagnosing and healing the inflicted. Nurses are acquainted with the necessary expertise, and can thus utilize them in educating about the best lifestyles for diseases acquisition reduction. According to sources, there are several barriers to exercise, which include lack of motivation, some cultural norms, inadequate time, language and reduced self-efficacy among individuals. It is notable that exercise is noteworthy in health promotion as it reduces chances of disease transmissions, thus an augmented life expectancy (Ficker, 2010).
Physical fitness is a condition noted when the body is capable to function effectively. A physically fit body has an effective immune system, is not overweight, or underweight. The physically fit do not have challenges in accomplishing their duties effectively. Conversely, motor performance fitness is an individual’s capability to complete activities such as sit-ups, or long jumps. One of its components is the cardiovascular fitness, which is the heart’s capacity to supply oxygen-enriched blood to different parts at sustained time duration. The available cardio equipments available comprises of the treadmills and the exercise cycles. A different component is the muscular endurance. This refers to the capacity of an individual to work for extended time duration. The equipments available for the muscular strength include the free weights, racks, and plate loaded (Taylor & Nichols, 2010).
Fitness training encompasses five principles. They include specificity and overload, which enhance a variety of joint movements. The recovery, which ensures that the body rests after the exercise’s stress allowing the body to adapt and cope with loads. Lastly, reversibility improves the movement of the joints through its frequent use of mobility exercises (Taylor & Nichols, 2010). Cardiovascular fitness involves the capability of its components functioning effectively. Elements of training include aerobic fitness to enhance breathing and muscular fitness that facilitates efficient functioning of muscles.
Although exercise is vital, it can cause some health problems, such as dislocation of joints, overstraining the abdomen and the chest, as well as future health disorders. The belief that girls ought not to exercise since it can cause gynecological problems is a myth (McCormack & Yorkey, 2011). Nursing process may be utilized in the development of physical fitness plan by using nursing findings, and reports to aid in the identification of the best practices necessary for physical health maintenance.
References
Ficker, J. (2010). Moon Phoenix, Scottsdale, and Sedona. New York, NY: Avalon Travel.
McCormack, Yorkey, M. (2011). Fit over 40 for dummies. Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley & sons.
Taylor, D., & Nichols, D. (2010). The brand gym: A practical workout to gain and retain brand leadership. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
The name of the manager for Chandler fitness center during my time of visit was Mr. Charles.
Children develop dietary habits and physical activities preference.
Parents should not introduce unhealthy diet.
Infancy is a critical stage in life since a person establishes healthy consumption patterns. This patterns can lead to the infants acquiring optimal growth and healthy development. Good nutrition for infants can also curb future diseases linked with poor consumption behaviors. Children develop dietary habits and physical activities preference at this stage. Therefore, it is vital for parents or care givers not to introduce unhealthy eating habits to the infants (Warlow, 2008).
Importance of nutrition amongst infants in prevention of future diseases
Prevent the Risk of lifetime Obesity.
Prevents the future contraction of cancers and cardiovascular diseases.
Sufficient intake of calcium leads healthy teeth and proper bone formation.
Reduces the risk of osteoporosis that is caused the insufficient intake of calcium.
Reduces the risks associated with lead toxicity that is caused by poor nutrition and lack of Irion.
Reduce long-term negative effects on brain development and function that result from iron-deficiency anemia.
Prevent stunted growth.
Minerals are needed to build new cells.
Importance of nutrition in an infant in prevention of future diseases
Proper nutrition is extremely essential in prevention of future diseases. Infants ought to be given foods that contain the necessary nutrients. Apparently food that is calcium enriched enhances born formation and stronger teeth afterwards in existence. Osteoporosis can be caused by Calcium deficiency (Patient.co.uk, 2011). Moreover, insufficient iron can lead to iron deficiency in the body. This can affect the child in the future by causing poor brain development. Furthermore, Insufficient iron and poor diets is a cause of lead toxicity. Lack of vitamins found in fruits and vegetables can also lead to high chances of having cancer and cardiovascular illness (Dauncey, 2009).
Guidelines for achieving and maintaining physical fitness
Parents should involve the infant in their daily physical activities.
Parents or caregivers should not restrict the infants’ movements for a long period of time.
Physical activities should improve the infants’ movement skills.
The physical fitness should involve performance of large muscle activities as per the recommendations.
Care givers should be aware of the relevance of physical activities and facilitate the infants’ movement skills.
Infants interact with the parents in everyday physical behaviors that are devoted to the discovery of their surroundings. Moreover, the infants moments should not be restricted for an unusually lengthy period.(Fetrell,2007). Therefore, it is significant for folks to be accountable for the welfare of infants ought to be conscious of the significance of the bodily activities and assist in the infants movement ability. Breast feeding can also improve the future health of infants (MedlinePlus, 2011).
Long-term outlook for infant nutrition
Breast feeding is critical to good health.
Increased number of mothers are limited with reference to the time they can breastfeed.
Poor feeding leads to disabilities.
It is proper to focus on infusing appropriate tendencies at childhood.
The long-term outlook incorporates breast feeding, which is crucial in infancy development. Furthermore, poor feeding may lead to disabilities. Future prospects also indicate the need to infuse appropriate feeding tendencies at birth (Ashworth, Shrimpton and Jamil, 2008). good nutrition results into healthy physical and mental conditions. Malnutrition can affect a child’s physical and mental development. Therefore, is It is vital for parents to practice healthy nutritional habits on their children to ensure their proper health and growth (Dauncey, 2009).
References
Ashworth, A., Shrimpton, R. and Jamil, K. (2008). Growth monitoring and promotion: review of evidence of impact. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 4: 86–117.
Dauncey, M.(2009). New insights into nutrition and cognitive neuroscience. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 68: 408-415.
Fetrell, M.(2007).Proceedings for The Nutrition Society: Childhood ResearchCentre, 66,435-441.
MedlinePlus. (2011). Child Nutrition. Web.
Patient.co.uk (2011). Childhood nutrition. Web.
Wardlow,G.,& Smith, A. (2008).Contemporary Nutrition. New York, NY: MC Graw-Hill.
The pandemic has affected the work of many areas of business associated with the gathering of people in public places. Gyms and fitness centers were also shut down, and then they changed the structure and rules of their work to ensure the safety of visitors. However, despite the changes, many people still avoid gyms and fitness centers due to fear of contamination with COVID-19 and its new strains. For this reason, the aim of our study will be to examine the changes in sports habits of people, as well as their intention to visit fitness centers in the near future. The study will also include preferred training formats and measures necessary to ensure the comfort of visitors, which is essential information for gym owners needing to adapt during a pandemic.
Type of Study
We will use a quantitative design structure for this research. Online tools such as e-mails and Google forms will be used to collect information, and data will be analyzed using spreadsheets and statistical analysis tools. This study refers to the primary quantitative research methods, specifically a survey of respondents. This approach is most appropriate for the topic, since it allows us to cover a relatively large sample of respondents and identify general trends among the population. Moreover, this type of research is convenient for collecting information and analysis because it does not require the personal presence of respondents and takes a short time.
Target Population and Sample Size
Sports and moderate physical activity are necessary for all people; therefore, the target population in this study is a fairly broad audience. However, the study will involve people who visit or have previously visited gyms and fitness centers to make it easier to gather information and weed out irrelevant requests. Thus, the target population will be current and former East Coast gyms and fitness centers’ visitors over 18 years old. The expected sample size will be 130-150 people to cover all population groups by age, gender, employment, and other socio-demographic characteristics.
Sample Design and Data Collection
The primary way of collecting information will be online forms. Gyms and fitness centers that will agree to participate in the study will send their current and former clients surveys via email, messengers, or SMS. Questions will be submitted in Google forms, which will be opened via a link in the message. The survey will be anonymous, and restrictions will ensure that the survey is completed only once from one phone number or email address. The sampling method will be convenience and snowball sampling, which will help attract enough people to participate in the study.
Questionnaire Design
The questionnaire will be compiled by using Google Forms. The first set of questions will address the demographics of the respondents, such as age, gender, race, education, financial status, and chronic diseases. The second part of the questions will be aimed at determining changes in the sports behavior of the respondents. For example, this part will include questions about playing sports or exercising during a pandemic and its forms, such as online training, outdoor activities, going to the gym, or not being physically active. In addition, some of the questions will also relate to the reasons for refusing to visit sports centers, such as fear of infection, closure of a favorite gym, inconvenience due to a format change, or the need to wear a mask. The third set of questions will ask respondents about their future intentions and aspects that influence their choice. For example, how much will vaccination affect the respondent’s decision to visit sports centers, or how important is the size of the groups and the number of visitors in the room, as well as various protective measures (masks, disinfection, disposable protective covers). While the second part will have multiple-choice questions, the third part will use the Likert scale. In this way, the data will be able to reflect the intentions of people to visit the gym, as well as the impact on them of demographic characteristics and certain organizational aspects.
Proposed Analysis
The research will focus on determining the relationships between different variables. First, we will analyze the influence of demographic characteristics on the intention to attend gyms or fitness centers. The most important in this category are also chronic diseases of respondents. Secondly, the analysis will also be aimed at determining the relationship between respondents’ use of new formats of sports activities, for example, online training, and the intention to visit sports centers. Third, we will also analyze factors that influence respondents’ intention, such as vaccinations and measures to ensure the safety of visitors or their cancellation. All variables will be analyzed statistically using the latest software.
Deliverables and Benefits of the Research
The results and findings of this study will be beneficial in several ways. First, the research will show how people’s sports and activity habits changed during the pandemic, since the closure and restrictions of gyms have deprived many people of the most convenient and simple way of exercising. Therefore, identifying current sports activities among people who were physically active before the pandemic may partially reflect changes in overall population activity, which is a significant health factor.
Moreover, the findings can also be helpful to the owners of sport and fitness centers because they demonstrate the visitors’ needs. For example, if a financial state influences customers’ intentions, the owners can offer discounts. At the same time, understanding the importance of measures such as disinfecting equipment or the number of people for group activities will also help determine the optimal conditions for attracting customers and generating profit for fitness centers. Thus, the findings can have both theoretical and practical applications.
True Fitness is a leading company that provides fitness and wellness in Singapore. The company is owned by the True Group, which controls other fitness companies across Asia (“True Fitness”, n.d.). The company majorly provides gym and yoga training to promote physical and mental health. In 2019, the company opened the largest commercial fitness center in Singapore at the Millenia Walk to meet the growing fitness and wellness services demand (“True Fitness”, n.d.). The facility has yoga studios, functional training equipment, a gym, an obstacle training playground, and other fitness equipment (“True Fitness”, n.d.). All activities at the facility are conducted by trained personnel through organized classes.
Emerging technology has revolutionized the fitness and wellness industry in Singapore. As a result, various trends have emerged in the sector, prompting companies to structure their operations to conform to the trends. One of the significant fitness trends in Singapore that the True Fitness Company has adopted is wearable technology equipment that monitors the intensity of the workout (Kercher et al., 2021). Additionally, this technology allows people to set fitness targets and accurately monitor their progress. FitBits are the most common wearable devices that many Singapore companies provide their clients with. Another significant trend in Singapore’s fitness industry is experiential fitness development. This trend involves additional activities in addition to the primary fitness exercise. Obstacle racing has become one of the added experiences people engage in as they attend other fitness training (Kercher et al., 2021). Experiential fitness has been essential in attracting more people to fitness activities. Many companies, including True Fitness, have adopted obstacle racing as their experiential activity to attract more clients by making fitness and wellness more enjoyable.
Impact and Challenges of Wellness
The pandemic has significantly affected the operations of True Fitness. The stringent measures deployed by the government to curb the spread of the virus have limited the number of people attending training classes (Piotrowski & Piotrowska, 2021). In addition, the stay-at-home initiative has made more people adopt home workouts than visiting the company’s facilities. Most of the clients who were visiting fitness facilities have resorted to virtual training. Therefore, getting these clients back has been a major problem for the True Fitness Company. Another significant problem the pandemic has brought is the lack of enough finances to manage the company’s operations (Piotrowski & Piotrowska, 2021). The low number of clients due to social restrictions has affected the company’s revenue, leading to huge losses. Furthermore, the company has been unable to maintain its employees or recruit other training personnel.
The government can play a vital role in addressing the challenges that True Fitness and other fitness companies are experiencing by easing social restrictions. This approach will increase the number of people visiting fitness facilities, thus enabling companies to operate normally. The government should engage with the stakeholders in the fitness sector to ensure that they maintain precautions during their operations to prevent the upsurge of infections when the social restrictions are eased. Another government intervention to address the fitness sector is experiencing is through offering subsidies to enable companies to sustain their operations. Government subsidies should enable the companies to pay their employees and cover other operational costs before normalcy returns.
The key demand drivers for the True Fitness Company are its facilities’ location and the price of its services. Unlike many competitors, True Fitness has positioned itself as a customer-centered company. The company’s fitness facility at the Millenia Walk serves many people in Marina Center and other surrounding areas. This facility serves residents and visitors, making it a preference of many people. Regarding budget, True Fitness has projected itself as one of Singapore’s most affordable fitness and wellness companies. The company aims to provide quality services at reasonable prices, making it easier for clients of different social classes to attend fitness training.
True Fitness should focus on the demographic and geographic consumer segments to increase its customer base and the demand for its products and services. The demographic consumer segment should focus on targeting both young and old populations. Older people are often sidelined on matters regarding fitness and wellness. The company needs to introduce programs that meet the preferences of both old and young clients. Additionally, the demographic segment should target people of all social classes. The lower middle class is often less considered regarding fitness products and service pricing. True fitness should introduce a comprehensive plan affordable for all social classes. Regarding the geographic consumer segment, the company should open more fitness facilities across Singapore to promote wellness and fitness among many people within and outside Singapore.
The current interventions at the True Fitness Company involve diversifying the services offered to meet the need of various target groups. For instance, the company employs obstacle racing training to meet the needs of athletes, gym services for fitness and bodybuilding, and yoga classes for mental wellness. The future intervention for the company involves relying on technology to offer fitness training remotely and track its clients’ progress accurately. The pandemic has reduced the number of people attending fitness classes physically, making virtual training an emerging trend. It is, therefore, necessary for the company to adapt to the new reality and employ video conferencing and social media technology to meet the needs of its remote clients.
Workplace Wellness
The three significant dimensions of wellness that could impact the health of True Fitness employees include mental, financial, and social wellness. Mental wellness involves the ability to think clearly, feel and behave appropriately. Inadequate mental wellness can result in stress, depression, and anxiety (McKinley et al., 2021). Financial wellness involves the employee’s ability to meet their financial objectives. Lack of enough finances tends to subject the employees to stress and make it difficult for them to access basic needs, including medication. Additionally, this type of wellness can lead to depression and social isolation when the employees lack enough finances to meet their needs. Lastly, social wellness involves the employees’ ability to establish and maintain relationships (McKinley et al., 2021). When employees lack enough time for their social life, they may portray withdrawal symptoms and develop depression.
There are various forms of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments that True Fitness can employ to improve the overall wellness of its employees. The most effective CAM therapy for the company includes meditation and acupuncture. Meditation is essential in enabling the employees to compose and relieve themselves of work pressure and other forms of stress at work that may negatively impact their health (Saeed et al., 2019). Meditation is essential for treating depression and other mental conditions such as anxiety that the employees may be experiencing. Acupuncture involves inserting thin needles at specific points on the body to eliminate the symptoms of various mental and physical conditions (Barth et al., 2021). Acupuncture has been essential in treating headaches, depression, and back pains, among other conditions. This treatment method is necessary for the overall wellness of the employees.
The media can influence the wellness of employees by creating awareness and educating employees about the various dimensions of wellness and how to achieve them. Additionally, the media should educate the employees about their rights to make them aware of any form of violation of rights by their employers. Furthermore, the media should amplify the critical issues that employees experience that affect their wellness. These issues should be highlighted for the relevant authorities to take the necessary measures to improve employee welfare.
Residential Wellness
True Fitness can promote ethical consumerism by proving its services based on the cultural preference of the people and by obeying the fitness sector’s laws. Conforming to the people’s cultural preferences will ensure its services promote social cohesion by recognizing and respecting various cultural practices. This strategy will make people comfortable associating with the company hence promoting its business. Obeying government regulations is essential in promoting a conducive environment for the business to operate without violating the law. Additionally, obeying the laws ensures that the company remains operational consistently, thus earning the customers’ trust.
Government stakeholders need to implement health and wellness initiatives in Singapore’s communities as a preventive measure to control the development of mental and physical health conditions. Health and wellness initiatives should also be implemented to reduce health inequalities by ensuring that all social classes can access quality treatment (Warburton & Bredin, 2019). Lastly, these initiatives should be implemented within the community as an awareness mechanism to promote positive living among the people and ensure they know how to handle various health conditions hence reducing hospitalizations
The most appropriate True Fitness services for the elderly residents in Singapore’s HDB assisted-living housing estates include yoga and meditation. Yoga is essential for the improvement of strength and increasing the circulation of blood in the body (Saeed et al., 2019). Additionally, yoga enables the elderly to develop balance and walk without much assistance. Meditation is vital for improving the mental health of elderly residents. This program will reduce the vulnerability of the elderly to mental conditions such as depression or dementia.
Kercher, V. M., Kercher, K., Bennion, T., Yates, B. A., Feito, Y., Alexander, C., & Miguel, Á. (2021). Fitness trends from around the globe. ACSM’s Health & Fitness Journal, 25(1), 20 10.
Many young people see the use of alcohol, drugs, and cigarettes as a natural part of growing up. Many of them only try these substances before quitting, but some may take them on a more frequent basis. Many of the same motivations adults have for using these substances—to unwind or feel good—also apply to young people. However, people might also abuse drugs for other causes (Johnston et al., 2019). For instance, they might be curious about what it is like to become high. They can also wish to disobey their parents or blend in with their peers. The overall health, physical development, emotional health, and social and emotional maturation of young people can all be impacted by substance use.
These are medications with one or more chemical ingredients. The effects of alcohol and drugs on the body can be severe. Alcohol misuse causes liver issues in both sexes, smoking causes lung cancer and respiratory problems, injecting drugs causes HIV/AIDS and hepatitis, and marijuana usage causes memory problems (Johnston et al., 2019). These short-term physical impacts of chronic drug use may result in long-term alterations to a person’s brain and body. These long-lasting effects vary depending on the drug, dosage, and duration of usage, among other things. Additionally, the sooner kids begin taking drugs, the more likely they will continue using them and get addicted to them.
Disorders produced by organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, are known as infectious illnesses. Bodies are home to a variety of creatures. In most cases, they are beneficial or even safe (Khandia et al., 2019). However, certain microbes have the potential to cause illness in specific situations. Some infectious diseases can spread from one person to another. Animals or insects spread another infectious disease to human beings because of their close genetic orientations. People become obese due to improper eating habits, lack of exercise, stressful lifestyles, and other causes.
Cells that are affected by type 2 diabetes cannot use blood sugar or glucose as fuel effectively. This happens when cells lose their sensitivity to insulin, and blood sugar levels progressively rise to an unhealthy level. This lifestyle illness has several underlying causes, including damaged beta cells, excess weight, and metabolic syndrome. In infectious diseases, fever and weariness are frequent signs and symptoms of an infection; however, they might vary depending on the organism that is causing it (Khandia et al., 2019).
A healthy community is built on various economic and social resources essential for the residents’ overall health and happiness. Public health professionals, local government, volunteers, and everyday individuals must all work together to improve community health, and the results of their efforts can take many different shapes (Zhang et al., 2018). Another important factor in preserving community health is education. Health fairs and advertising campaigns can increase public awareness of the significance of choosing a healthy lifestyle by exposing the risks of risk factors, including cigarette use, poor diet, and inactivity. Connections within society may result from people taking responsibility for each other’s joint health.
Virtually all systems in the body benefit when your heart rate is up and your muscles are being used, which enhances wellness in several ways. Physical activity improves blood sugar control, lowers inflammation, strengthens bones, and prevents the development of dangerous plaque in the arteries. It also helps maintain healthy blood pressure and fights depression. A regular exercise regimen can also improve your sexual life, result in better-quality sleep, lower your chance of developing some malignancies, and extend your life.
References
Care for your body and mind. Health and Fitness Magazine. (2022). Web.
Harvard Health. (2022). Web.
Johnston, L., Miech, R., O’Malley, P., Bachman, J., Schulenberg, J., & Patrick, M. (2019). Monitoring the future National Survey results on drug use, 1975-2018: Overview, key findings on adolescent drug use. Web.
Rani et al. (2019), in an article titled “Incredible Benefits of Exotic Kiwano (Horned Melon) for Wellness, Vigour, and Vitality,” address an issue that adds value to the topic of health and fitness. Everyone needs to be healthy and fit to live longer, be active and enjoy life. Regarding a balanced diet, people are encouraged to eat fruits rich in nutrients. Although not common, horned melon is one of the fruits, performing other fitness roles besides supplying nutrients to the body. Through the review of the article by Rani et al. (2019), Kiwano is established as an important fruit worth mentioning while health and fitness because it provides nutrients and reduces body weight.
About Horned Melon
First, Rani et al. (2019) provide a brief description of the Horned melon. The horned melon, scientifically called Cucumis metuliferus, is a peculiar-looking fruit that originated from the southern and central regions of Africa. Some other common names used to refer to this fruit are Kiwano, jelly melon, horned cucumber, and hedged gourd. This fruit is nicknamed blowfish in the US and looks like an oval melon with horn-like spines. It is edible but often used for food decoration, alongside enhancing healthy lifestyles. A ripe horned melon has yellow-orange skin and lime-green flesh with a tart taste. It belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family, which provides nutrients to combat diseases caused by nutrient deficiency.
Roles of Horned Melon in Promoting Good Health
Rani et al. (2019) also addressed various roles of Kiwano in promoting good health. Horned melon has two antioxidants (i.e., β-tocopherol and α-tocopherol), assuming the organic form of vitamin E. Vitamin E is beneficial in various ways, including maintenance of healthy skin, nerves, muscles, blood vessels, and heart. Explicitly, vitamin E assists in neutralizing damaging free radicals that cause chronic diseases (e.g., cancer and cardiovascular diseases). Ideally, this vitamin flushes out carcinogenic substances from the body, reducing cancer risk. The presence of oleic, accompanied by low cholesterol, also improves cardiovascular health. The carotenoid content of the fruits, commonly known as vitamin A, helps repair and protect the DNA, eventually reducing the aging rate. In addition, vitamin A fortifies the strength of the mucosal lining that protects the body from infection through the intestinal tract, nasal passages, and throat.
The presence of dietary fiber in horned melon is beneficial to the digestion process. Ideally, dietary fiber improves digestion by maintaining a healthy digestive tract and regulating bowel movements. Horned melon is gelatinous, which helps it in preventing constipation, besides reducing bloating and cramping. The high content of minerals (e.g., calcium and zinc) promote the growth and development of bones. Moreover, calcium mineral in isolation assists in preventing and treating bone-related infections such as osteoporosis. Zinc mineral aids the metabolic process involving insulin secretion and its use in regulating blood sugar levels in the body. The regulation of blood sugar levels is reinforced by magnesium, which is part of the contents of horned melon—potassium mineral help in boosting muscle strength.
Roles of Horned Melon in Promoting Fitness
Last but not least, Rani et al. (2019) noted the roles of Kiwano in promoting fitness. Excess weight is a condition that tremendously reduces a person’s fitness. Horned melon contains more than 80% of water, preventing the risk of weight gain when consumed. Besides having lower calories, horned melon is rich in dietary fiber, vitamin C, vitamin A, iron, magnesium, and calcium. Due to its nutrient content, this fruit assists our body to get the energy needed to fight weight gain.
In conclusion, weight reduction is one of the strategies people use to maintain their fitness and live healthily. The attention has been focused on regular physical exercise, notwithstanding horned melon can easily enhance weight loss. Therefore, the horned melon should be addressed when looking into health and fitness. It has nutrients that protect the body from infections and disorders. Also, its higher water content makes it suitable for weight reduction when consumed by individuals with excess weight.
The RT practice entails continued improvement of interventions including fitness programs to help improve care for developmentally and intellectually challenged people. This study draws from a research by Wilhite, Biren and Spencer (2012) that examines the impact of a fitness intervention on the disabled and their caregivers.
This study will examine the experiences of disabled adults and caregivers involved in the RT care within clinical settings. In medical practice, patient experiences of an intervention are crucial; they help improve care delivery through patient-focused care and enhanced communication. Often, documentation in RT practice entails a record of the patient’s leisure profile and a quarterly description of the patient’s past experiences in the RT program.
The quarterly description has six basic components that guide recreational therapists in providing care and are entered in the patient’s chart: (1) the goal of the treatment/intervention; (2) the intervention plan; (3) the RT practitioner’s views on the patient’s leisure profile; (4) the resident’s views; (5) the patient progress; and (6) future directions regarding the plan of care.
The outlined procedure fails to incorporate the findings of Wilhite et al., (2012) study and thus, may not portray an accurate picture of the patient’s actual experiences. Wilhite et al., (2012) establish that RT intervention participants derive such benefits as lower level of stress, improved muscle tone and decreased weight (p.257). Thus, for patients participating in a particular RT activity, their experiences should be incorporated in the intervention planning process.
This will help improve the quality of RT care for the disabled. Further, although most recreational therapists participate in routine rounding as other professionals, their perceptions regarding RT activities and leisure opportunities in residential care will help align RT practice to medical models. This will enable the RT practitioners to give patient care that not only focuses on recreational leisure but is also patient centered.
Purpose of the Study
The proposed study aims to provide a framework for intervention planning for adult disabled residents. It will identify appropriate RT activities and leisure opportunities in a geriatric care setting (Shank & Coyle, 2002). In this regard, this study has two objectives; first, to find out the perceptions and views of RT professionals about the current organization of RT activities; and second, to explore the participating patients’ experiences regarding RT benefits.
It is hoped that the findings will help develop a framework that reflects the patients’ experiences and is consistent with medical models of patient care. The findings will also enable RT practitioners to describe the leisure opportunities in professional terms and enhance their ability to provide holistic, patient-focused care through improved communication.
A statement of the problem
In healthcare, recreational therapy, which in the context of a care facility is the patients’ plan of care, is essential. It helps improve clinical practice by incorporating the views of caregivers and their patients into the care plan. Medical care plans also function as legal documents in case of a lawsuit, and therefore, should be prepared in all clinical settings (Navar, 1991).
Most care plans are based on measurable patient or nursing outcomes of a given clinical intervention. According to Shank and Coyle (2002), a “systematically organized and process-focused plan is an important basis for quality patient care” (p. 132). However, patient experiences are often not incorporated most care plans.
In RT practice, very few studies have examined the organization/planning of RT interventions. Navar (1991) states that, in clinical settings, patient-focused care is rooted in the RT concept.
However, often, RT practitioners offer limited patient-focused services because the RT frameworks employed are largely borrowed from the nursing profession. In the recreational therapy context, the RT activities, when expressed in measurable terms, help practitioners achieve the goals of the intervention. Also, by examining the current TR practices, practitioners will be able to provide quality patient care.
Literature Review
Modern nursing practice is generally grounded on the concept of human becoming (Shank & Coyle, 2002). The concept entails patient involvement in his or her care planning (Richeson, 2003). The same theory has been adapted in TR practice, whereby patients’ views and experiences inform practice.
Based on the human becoming philosophy RT practitioners can develop organized interventions that incorporate patients’ perceptions and experiences (Ross & Ashton-Shaeffer, 2003). Most providers have developed patient-focused care (PFC) models to guide the practice.
Spring (2007) writes that patient-focused care entails a system of “health that is defined by the individual and the goal in practice is enhancing quality of life as defined by the person rather than the health provider” (p. 617). In the TR context, the choice of PFC model affects both the organization of care delivery and perspectives within the RT field (Mikhail et al., 2005).
Most providers aim to develop an effective and efficient RT practice simplified documentation in a manner that reflects patient needs by simplifying the documentation process in a manner that reflects patient needs (Mikhail et al., 2005). It also entails a shift in the caregivers’ beliefs and values to promote interaction as a basic tenet of PFC model. This helps to strengthen nurse-patient relationships in the care settings.
It is important to note that, though the RT profession is largely patient-centered, evidence on how recreational therapy and leisure contribute to a more patient-focused care is limited (Whitman, Flynn & Fritz, 2003).
Nevertheless, research findings indicate that RT interventions reduce the level of stress, improve muscle tone, or decrease weight in patient participants (Wilhite et al., 2012, p. 257). Also, the practitioner-patient interactions during RT activities improve the practitioners’ understanding of the patients’ unique needs so that the care plan is organized to reflect the realities of the patients.
Clinical planning is a critical element of RT practice; however, the quality and consistency of organization often vary from one care facility to another (Shank & Coyle, 2002). Various previous studies focus on ways of improving the quality of RT interventions to achieve improved patient outcomes.
A study by Townsend, Cox and Li (2010), which involved interviewing of nurses, found that internal factors such as nurses’ perceptions, nursing or medical terminology and unclear theories prevent nurses from using developing nursing care plans for each patient.
Also, factors such as clinical charting requirements and organizational values also affect care planning (Carter, Van Andel & Robb, 2003). Studies also show that extrinsic factors such as lack of time, redundancy in charting and noise disruptions affect documentation and organization of RT activities. Thus, RT activities the disabled should be organized to reflect the dynamics of the RT field.
In addition, evidence-based practice in recreational therapy promotes the quality of services to patients (Donnelly, 2005). Richeson and McCullough (2002) state that relying on research evidence is essential in RT in three ways: (1) research evidence helps in the design, delivery and assessment of the RT program; (2) use of evidence promotes the achievement of desired patient outcomes; and (3) evidence ensures that the care services are quality and up-to-date. Also, evidence can help facilitate accreditation and accountability in the RT field (Buettner & Fitzsimmons, 2007). Besides evidence, practitioners should consider the client needs, health outcomes and the recreation activities, when developing an intervention program.
Therefore, it is imperative that RT professionals have relevant skills to help them to select interventions that will result in high patient outcomes (Kinney et al., 2004). Kinney et al., further state that the choice of the physical activities is essential in achieving positive treatment outcomes for a given RT program. Positive client outcomes indicate that the quality of service offered is high. Stumbo (2003) writes that positive patient outcomes are indications of the progress of the client, either mentally or physically, in the course of treatment.
To achieve this, measurable outcomes must be identified, documented and disseminated to other health care professionals. RT professionals treat a number of health problems such as neurological impairment, orthopedic problems and psychiatric illnesses. Thus, to enhance treatment efficacy, the choice of the right intervention is important.
Though there are a number of interventions used by RT professionals, the type of illness determines the type of RT intervention to be used. Shank and Coyle (2002) write that RT practitioners can use different interventions for physically handicapped clients. Examples of health interventions in the RT field include; physical activity, self-expression, creative expression, social interaction and educational activities (Shank & Coyle, 2002).
Mind activities include meditation, aromatherapy, yoga, sensory stimulation and humor. Other RT interventions for the physically disabled involve physical activities such as exercises, swimming and exercise (Cameron et al., 2005). On the other hand, creative interventions include activities such as music, visual arts, dancing and storytelling. Self-expression interventions include reminiscence, spiritual therapy and adventure.
A study conducted by Kinney, Kinney, and Witman, which involved a survey of 276 RT practitioners nationally established that the most common forms of interventions used by the respondents within the RT field include exercise, music, games, arts and activities of daily living (ADLs).
The practitioners employed a number of facilitation approaches including leisure counseling, stress management, group therapy and reminiscence (Kinney et al., 2004). This implies that it is through a combination of RT approaches and activities that the health outcomes of physically handicapped residents can be improved.
Hypothesis
This study hypothesizes that a multifaceted RT intervention focusing on physical activities and leisure has more benefits to the disabled residents than a single approach. Findings from previous studies indicate that the participants derive such benefits as lower level of stress, improved muscle tone, or decreased weight (Wilhite et al., 2012, p. 257).
More importantly, the participants learn to interact with people who might not be closely familiar to them (Wilhite et al., 2012, p. 260). Thus, a multifaceted, patient-focused intervention has the potential of significantly improving the clients’ health outcomes.
Research Questions
The analysis of various studies reveals that the organization of RT care or activities should involve various activities. RT care planning frameworks should be evidence-based and must provide for opportunities for leisure (Richeson & McCullough, 2002). To meet the study’s objectives, this study will involve the following research questions:
How should RT professionals organize recreation activities for the disabled residents, while providing opportunities for leisure?
How do the RT practitioners perceive recreation activities in residential care settings?
Do recreational therapy activities achieve higher patient outcomes than standard practice?
Research Methodology
This study will use an action research approach to explore the patients’ experiences and RT practitioners’ perceptions regarding the RT activities and leisure opportunities for the disabled. The action research technique facilitates knowledge development as it allows the researcher to cooperate with the participants in the course of the research (Domholdt, 2005). Action research is used in studies involving human subjects and in real-life situations. It is cyclical and involves observation, brainstorming and self-reflection.
To determine the physical activities and leisure opportunities appropriate for the disabled residents, it is important that the participants and the RT practitioners are involved (Navar, 1991). In this study, the experiences of the patient and the perceptions of the practitioners will be used to develop a care plan for the disabled.
Thus, through this approach, the research will identify new activities and frameworks of health care delivery for disabled residents in a Geriatric Hospital. A total of 100 participants will be randomly selected from this residential facility. The sample participants will include patients and registered RT practitioners (certified RT practitioners).
Data Collection
In the proposed study, the main instruments that will be used in data collection will be questionnaires. The questionnaires will aim to identify the perceptions and attitudes of the participants in the RT practice (Domholdt, 2005). Email notifications will be randomly sent to potential participants.
Individuals will be included in the sample upon sending a confirmation email. The study will use two sets of questionnaires: (1) participant survey questionnaires; and (2) practitioner survey questionnaires. The core questions in the practitioner survey questionnaires will include:
In your view, which RT activities improve the patient outcomes for the disabled?
What leisure opportunities are available for the disabled in the care facility?
Which set of activities (physical, spiritual and personality/self-esteem) improve the health outcomes of the participants?
Does a multifaceted approach help achieve higher treatment outcomes than a single strategy?
What advantages does intervention planning for disabled patients have over standard care?
On the other hand, the main questions in the patient questionnaire will include:
Do the physical activities with RT help improve your health? (Does not help, slightly, to some extent, very helpful)
What are your experiences regarding the RT intervention in this facility? (Less helpful, helpful, very helpful)
How can you rate the RT intervention services in this facility? (Very poor, poor, good, very good)
How can you rate the effectiveness of the intervention? (Not effective, moderately effective, effective and very effective)
This study will use the random sampling technique (Domholdt, 2005). Email notification will be sent to potential participants. Only disabled residents in the Geriatric Hospital will participate in this research. The participants, selected through the inclusion criteria mentioned above, will undergo a multifaceted intervention program conducted by certified RT professionals for a period of one month. Their views and the perceptions of the practitioners about the intervention will be collected using structured questionnaires.
Data analysis will involve a qualitative approach. The participants’ responses will be grouped into common themes (Domholdt, 2005). Sub-themes will be drawn from the major themes to further explain the client’s experiences of the RT intervention. The researcher will further analyze the sub-themes to identify the concerns and pressures related to RT practice in geriatric/special care settings.
Techniques for Recording and Reporting the Findings
The themes identified from the analysis of the participants’ responses will be compared with the patient-focused care (PFC) framework and the researcher’s notes. The RT activities identified will be recorded in the charts.
This will guide future intervention planning for the disabled in long-term care facilities. Also, the themes identified from the patients’ responses will be used to develop a patient-focused, evidence-based care model that is specific to the organization (Donnelly, 2005). The new RT model will be published in recreational therapy and medical journals.
Suggestions for the Future
The proposed research will only focus on the residents’ experiences regarding a multi-faceted RT intervention and the RT practitioners’ perceptions about the intervention. A framework for organizing or planning recreational activities and leisure will be developed from the findings of the study. Future studies should focus on evaluation techniques for the new framework. Peer review of the framework will enable the researchers to assess the quality of the research.
As Domholdt (2005) suggests, the participants should be involved in the evaluation of the new framework to ensure that the model reflects the actual experiences of the participants. This approach will also increase the RT practitioners’ ability to offer patient-focused care within the Geriatric Hospital setting. Incorporating the views and experiences of the disabled residents is a core element of the patient-focused care that guides recreational therapy practice in clinical care settings.
References
Buettner, L., & Fitzsimmons, S. (2007). Introduction to evidence based recreation therapy. Annual in Therapeutic Recreation, 15(9), 12-19.
Cameron, K., Ballantyne, S., Msot, A., Msot, M., Msot, T., & Ludwig, F. (2005).
Utilization of evidence-based practice of registered occupational therapists. Occupational Therapy International, 12(3), 123-136.
Carter, M.J, Van Andel, G.E., & Robb, G.M (2003). Therapeutic Recreation –A practical Approach. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press, Inc.
Domholdt, E. (2005). Rehabilitation Research-Principles and Applications. St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier Saunders.
Donnelly, W.J. (2005) Patient-centered medical care requires a patient-centered medical record. Academic medicine, 80(1), 33-38.
Kinney, J.S., Kinney, T. & Witman, J. (2004). Therapeutic recreation modalities and facilitation techniques: A national study. Annual in Therapeutic Recreation, 13(2), 59-79
Mikhail, C.,Korner-Bitensky, N., Rossignol, M., & Dumas, J. (2005). Physical Therapists’ Use of Interventions with High Evidence of Effectiveness in the Management of a Hypothetical Typical Patient With Acute Low Back Pain. Physical Therapy, 85(11), 1151-1167
Navar, N. (1991). Advancing Therapeutic Recreation Through Quality Assurance: A Perspective on the Changing Nature of Quality in Therapeutic Recreation. State College, PA: Ventura Publishing, Inc
Parker, M.J. (2000). Evidence based case report: Managing an elderly patient with a fractured femur. British Medical Journal, 320(9), 102-103.
Richeson, N. (2003). Effects of animal-assisted therapy on agitated behaviors and social interactions of older adults with dementia: an evidence-based therapeutic recreation intervention. American Journal of Recreation Therapy, 2(4), 9-16.
Richeson, N.E., & McCullough, W.T. (2002). An evidence-based animal-assisted therapy protocol and flow sheet for the geriatric recreation therapy practice. American Journal of Recreation Therapy, 15(4), 241-251.
Ross, J.E., & Ashton-Shaeffer, M. (2003). Selecting and Designing Intervention Programs for Outcomes. State College, PA.: Ventura Publishing, Inc.
Shank, J., & Coyle, C. (2002) Therapeutic recreation in health promotion and rehabilitation. State College, PA: Venture Publishing.
Spring, B. (2007). Evidence-based practice in clinical psychology: What it is, why it matters; what you need to know. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63(7), 611-631.
Stumbo, N.J. (2003). The Importance of Evidence-Based Practice in Therapeutic
Recreation. State College, PA: Ventura Publishing, Inc.
Townsend, A., Cox, S., & Li, L. (2010). Qualitative Research Ethics: Enhancing Evidence-Based Practice in Physical Therapy. Physical Therapy, 90(4), 615-628
Whitman, J.M., Flynn, T.W., & Fritz J.M. (2003). Nonsurgical management of patients with lumbar spinal stenosis: a literature review and a case series of three patients managed with physical therapy. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Clinics of North America 14(3), 77-101.
Wilhite, B., Biren, G., & Spencer, L. (2012). Fitness intervention for adults with developmental disabilities and their caregivers. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 46(4), 245-267.
Modern lifestyles and advancement in technology has led to a decrease in physical exercises. This is despite that it has many benefits to health of an individual. It helps in reducing the prevalence of numerous diseases such as cardiovascular disease. The identification of the benefits of physical exercises will assist me and other students in living healthy lives. Previous research indicates that students who exercise perform better in public schools (Wiley-Blackwell par. 4). This report discusses the benefits of physical activity, types, amounts and preparations for physical activity. It also explores the benefits of physical exercises in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
The Benefits of Physical Activity
I would derive many benefits by increasing my in physical exercises. These include a reduction in the problem of managing chronic diseases, controlling weight and improvement of general body stability. Physical activity affects the state of mind and eventual performance in class and other duties (Tracy par. 1)
In the U.S inadequate physical exercise increases both medical and financial risks from chronic infections such as coronary Heart disease, stroke, obesity, premature death, depression, anxiety and hypertension. Physical activity also affects other body systems function such as musculoskeletal, respiratory cardiovascular and endocrine systems which in turn decrease anxiety, depression and improves mood. This is beneficial in the performance of daily tasks (Center for Disease Control par 6-8).
Preparing for Physical Activity
I should consider the duration of time, frequency, Intensity and type of exercise. (I will use a physical activity readiness questionnaire (PAR-Q) to determine if we need to consult a doctor for further examination before we engage in exercises (Gareth par 1-4). Warm-ups prepare the body for physical exercise whereas cool-downs assist the body to recover from a strenuous activity. Exercising no less than three days a week and choosing diverse activities would make it more thrilling to keep fit.
Fitness clubs have the right environments where trained professionals can tailor personal exercise programs. In areas where there is extreme weather it is advisable to consider mall-walking as an exercise. We are of different ages, sexes and our health status varies. Therefore the choice of a certain exercise activity will depend largely whether or not I am taking any medication, my health status and availability of equipment. However I should star with less tiring exercise before entering more vigorous activities (Gareth par 2-4).
The correct Amount of physical Activity
The right amount of physical activity is determined by use of FITT formula (Frequency, Intensity, Time and Type) of the exercise. Often, exercising 3-5 times a week is recommended and the time of the day the exercises are undertaken is immaterial. On intensity, one should exercise till he/she breaks into sweat but still be able to talk. For how long should one exercise is relative, initially exercise for short periods then increase the time taking as long as your body can accommodate as per intensity parameter. The type of exercise undertaken may vary with individuals but in all cases, the big muscles of the body like the biceps and triceps muscles should be involved in the exercise as they make the bulk of a human body (The care group 1).
The correct type of physical activity
The physical Activity Pyramid is a guide for developing one’s own physical activity schedules as determined by his/her lifestyle. At the base, the pyramid recommends much more active activities, aerobics at the second level, and leisure activities on the third level and at the tip the focus is cutting down on sedentary lifestyles. The type of physical activity one should do is dictated by his/her lifestyle (Nicollet par. 3). Individuals who hardly do physical activity should start with activities at the base of the pyramid which are much less physically involving. They should have realistically set goals and work towards them. People who do some physical activities are better keen on the activities at the middle of the pyramid while those who often do physical activity should opt for a mixture of aerobics and leisure and try avoiding sedentary lifestyles (Nicollete par.5).
Cardiovascular fitness
Cardiovascular fitness refers to the ability of heart muscles, lungs and the entire circulatory system to work harmoniously in delivery of adequate blood and oxygen to all the body tissues. To realize this fitness, physical exercises are paramount. Physical exercises help to reduce body weight while strengthening body muscles including heart muscles. This will make the body more resilient and able to tolerate stress (Gigantino par. 4). These exercises help reduce cardiotoxic form of cholesterol known as Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL), hence maintaining normal blood circulation and blood pressure and thus minimizing chances of cardiovascular diseases like stroke. To achieve this, I will dedicate 30 minutes for cardiac exercise each day by doing aerobics or taking a walk up a steep hill early in the morning or in the evening.
Strength and Muscle Endurance Fitness
Muscular Endurance and strength comprises of such elements as, Body composition, Cardiovascular Endurance, Muscular strength which is muscular capacity to exert utmost resistance and flexibility (Fitness components par 1). This fitness helps to enhance lean body mass and boost strength. With improved resting metabolism, I will be protected from low back pain and joint pains as well as muscular injuries. This will be coupled with abridged danger of osteoporosis in addition to maintaining normal blood pressure and High Density Lipoprotein levels which are cardio protective. The training principles for Progressive Resistance Exercise are mainly three and were described by DeLorme and Watkins about 60years ago. They include performing minute number of repetitive activities till fatigue but allowing sufficient time to rest in between the exercises which allows recovery and finally to boost resistance as the capability to engender force is increased (Taylor, Karen, Dodd and Diane Par.1).
Flexibility
Flexibility exercises are very essential for my fitness plan. They consist of movements which help to increase the elasticity of my muscles. These exercises elongate the connecting tissue attached to a muscle. They enhance my body posture and can be beneficial if I have back injuries. They also reduce painful muscles and provide relaxation. Correct stretching principles include static stretching which involves controlled elongation of muscles to the furthest comfortable point without pain. It is important to warm-up before stretching. This helps in blood circulation. Stretching prior to an exercise and after an exercise decreases the likelihood of injuries during exercise and improves muscle dynamism. Bouncing movements should be avoided. Muscles are stretched best when they relatively warm (Sigh par 2-4).
My three Month fitness Programme
Week
#1
#2
#3
#4
Day/ Type of Exercise
Time
Active sports and recreation
Flexibility Exercise
Muscular exercise
Cardiovascular exercise
Monday
6.00am -6.30 am
Calf stretch
Half squat skiing
Running
5.00– 5.30 pm
Basketball
Tuesday
6.00am -6.30 am
Hip and thigh stretch
Bench or seated press
Walking
5.00– 5.30 pm
Soccer
Wednesday
6.00am -6.30 am
Sitting stretch
Biceps curl
Jogging
5.00– 5.30 pm
Bowling
Thursday
6.00am -6.30 am
Hamstring stretch
Triceps Curl
Bicycling
5.00– 5.30 pm
Basket ball
Friday
6.00am -6.30 am
Back stretch (Leg hug)
Knee extension
Jump- roping
5.00– 5.30 pm
Skating
Saturday
6.00am -6.30 am
Pectoral stretch
Heel Raise
other
5.00– 5.30 pm
Karate
Sunday
6.00am -6.30 am
Arm stretch
Toe press
other
Softball
Swimming
This table indicates the day, type and time for different activities. It represents a full week’s activities.
The program will be three months based on a four weeks rotation of exercises and life activities e.g. walking and sports which I do daily. From the table I will be performing at least three aerobic activities every week to enhance my cardiovascular form and help in performing the other exercises. It will also reduce my susceptibility to muscle injuries.
For each day in the morning I have assigned thirty minutes in the morning to perform aerobic, muscular, and flexibility exercises. For a start I will be warming up. This will raise my muscle temperatures followed by stretching exercises from my body top for example, neck and shoulder to my legs, ankles and toes. This should take about ten minutes before changing to a cardiovascular or flexibility activity. The last five minutes of the exercise time will be dedicated to cooling down
In the evening each day I will be participating in a sport activity that. For instance on Mondays I will be playing basketball which is my favorite sport for at least thirty minutes, on Tuesdays I will be playing soccer which enhances the body’s lower muscles such as the hamstrings, the calf muscles and gastrocnemius (Sigh par 6-3).
There are different exercise activities for each day of the week. I will use circuit training in each day to ensure that I complete one type of exercise before moving to the next. I will also do interval training which comprises of fast and slow exercises. This are alternated until the allocated time for an activity is completed.
Conclusion
This personalized fitness programme for three months is an important tool for maintaining a complete state of health. It sums up the various benefits derived from physical exercises. Using the correct amount and type of physical activity helps build body strength and enhance cardiac activity consequently reducing the burden of chronic illness. The three months personal exercise program requires self discipline to time to effect. Although occasionally exercises are associated with minor injuries, the benefits of a personal exercise plan prevail over the risks involved. Effective Personal exercise programmes are fundamental to students since we are able to acquire lifelong activity skills helpful in adult stages.
Gigantino, Joe. Benefits to Exercise: Cardiovascular Fitness. 2009. Web.
Nicollet , Park. Physical Activity Handouts. Pyramids of Health, Park Nicollet Healthsource. 2002. Web.
Singh, Mike. Stretching Flexibility Exercises – When Should You Stretch For Best Flexibility Gains. Stretching Flexibility Exercises – When Should You Stretch For Best Flexibility Gains. 2006.
Taylor, Nicholas, Karen, James, Dodd, Peter and Diane, Lywke. Progressive Resistance Exercise in Physical Therapy: A Summary of Systematic Reviews. American Physical Therapy Association. 2005. Web.
The Care group. The FITT Formula Recommendations 2000. Web.
Tracey, Yap. Examining the effect tailored messages have on intentional physical activity. Northern Kentucky University. 2008.
Wiley-Blackwell. Physically Fit Kids Do Better In School. Science Daily. 2009. Web.
The advantages and disadvantages of the four different forms of business organization, which include the following:
Sole proprietorship
Advantages
The business is very easy to form considering that no legal requirements are required, except a business license. This type of business also requires little capital for starters. The business is also easy to control. In addition, the owner of business enjoys all business profits as well as loses. This type of business also offers the owner with flexibility of attending to other issues and does not require government control (Madura, 2007).
Disadvantages
Sole-proprietorship is sometimes faced with the challenges of limited resources, since it consumes the owner’s savings. Sometimes this kind of business is limited with managerial expertise (Madura, 2007)..
Partnership
Advantages
Partnership kind of business is easy to form, as it requires few partners who can agree orally to start up the business. This kind of business enjoys a large pool of capital and resources from each partner’s contributions (Madura, 2007).
The business is also advantaged by diverse expertise and skills from each partner. The business offers each partner with an advantage of sharing risks. Each business partner is rewarded from effort exhibited in the running of the business.
Disadvantages
Partnership kind of business is limited with capital, since there is a limit to business membership. This business has also unlimited liabilities subjected to the partners and this limits their participation in the business. There is also high probability of business collapsing, if one partner dies or is incapacitated (Madura, 2007).
Joint venture
Advantages
A joint venture form of business enjoys a vast pool of resources, diverse managerial expertise and technological benefits from each participating company. This form of business also enjoys a large source of capital and also enjoys good distributorship of products from existing distribution channels (Madura, 2007).
Disadvantages
A joint venture is short-term and is difficult to establish, considering a good relationship must be established between the business partners. Incompatibility between two business cultures is likely to affect business relationship. Joint ventures are always marred with confusion and disagreement among managers. This form of business has a lot of formalities.
Corporations
Advantages
Corporations enjoy tax benefits, since they get taxed based on profits made. This is considered as a benefit, since corporations can optimize on expenses reduction. In this context, expenses such as insurance covers and heath care are minimized. Corporations benefit individuals, employees and other official business stakeholders, since they are registered as legal entities (Madura, 2007).
In this case, they are exempted from legal action against their assets.
Disadvantages
Corporations are usually under strict legal observations. This kind of businesses requires periodical reports on financial status. In most, cases, the credibility of forming corporations is always an ethical issue to be investigated.
According to Gitman & McDaniel (2008), the following financial statements are associated with the following forms of businesses
Sole-proprietorship: Sole-proprietorship does not necessarily require any financial statement. However, it is important to keep profit and loss statement to know how much the business is making and losing. Another important financial document to keep in this type of business is a balance sheet to assess the financial position of the business. Cash flow statements are also recommended to indicate source of cash and how it was utilized within a business period.
Partnership: A partnership business requires a general partnership entity indicating partners’ liabilities in the business. An income statement is also used to show the business income, total business expenditures and the business periods net profit or loss. Statements of owners equity are also highly recommended. Meanwhile, the balance sheet is used to evaluate and make calculations on assets and liabilities. This document also calculates the owners’ equity within a business period. Other important documents for a partnership business include a general journal and a trial balance for general transactions listing and accounts listings respectively.
Joint ventures: Just like partnerships and corporations, joint venture requires financial statements on consolidated financial statements. Most of these financial statements are statement of income, cash flows, equity, income and expenses, taxes, earning per share, inventories and equity.
Corporations: Balance sheet and income statement are major documents in this form of business. Others include the owners’ equity and the cash flow statement. Most of these financial statements are also evidenced in all other kinds of businesses indicated above.
According to Gitman & McDaniel (2008), the following implications are associated with the indicated forms of businesses
Tax implications
Sole-proprietorship: Before taxation in this kind of business, expenses are deducted from the stated income. In most cases, this kind of business requires that taxes be part of expenditures on social security and health insurance. Taxation in this business is filed quarterly and annually, if there are other employees.
Partnerships: Taxation is based o tax returns from each business partner. This means there is no direct taxation of the business. Each partner is responsible for individual taxes. However, disagreements within partnership can lead to taxation liability of other partners.
Joint ventures: Taxation of joint venture depends on the business structure. In most cases, taxations are done on partnership levels, and so taxation can be done individually or as double taxation.
Corporations: Corporations are double taxed. The corporation pays tax as an entity and shareholders are also liable to taxation based on income- tax returns from dividends.
Legal implications
Sole-proprietorship: The owner of the business is viewed as the business and vice -versa. This makes the owner of the business liable to all legal implication that affects the business.
Partnership: All partners are legally liable to any violations of law by the business.
Joint ventures: Just like in partnerships, partners in joint ventures are liable to any legal implication that concerns the business or that concerns the other partner. The only liability existing is that concerning the venture, but not on legal issues such as debts and damages.
Corporations: In this business, employees and owners are sometimes exempted from legal implications facing the corporation in crisis. This means that the company is closed down and its executive directors held liable to mismanagement.
Accounting implications
Sole-proprietorship: This business uses ledgers and computer software for accounts. Accounts on income taxes are mandatory as well as those of self-employment. This must be filed with internal revenue service. Sole-proprietors don’t have limitations and protections for debts and accounting errors. Such can lead to law suits and assets confiscation.
Partnerships: Account is done like in sole-proprietorship, with each partner having a separate account. Accounting implications on one partner may lead to the same implication of the immediate partner.
Joint ventures: Just like in partnerships, the accounting implication affects the entire joint venture business. However, individual pursuit of illegalities in accounts may be done on individual partner basis.
Corporations: Accounting implication indicates that accounts are handled by an accountant and a secretary. This gives a distinction between recording and filing. Accountants records accounts, while the secretary files and executes the records.
An explanation of the unique product or service your small business provides
The ABZ fitness workout gym is a small business that is aimed at offering physical fitness services to the local neighborhood. The business has the modern exercise equipments.
Your choice of business organization form for your new business
The business is a family business and can be considered to be a sole-proprietorship kind of business.
Your rationale for choosing this form of business organization
The business is very easy to form considering that no legal requirements are required, except a business license. This type of business also requires little capital for starters. The business will enjoy monopoly in the market, since no similar business exists in the area.
References
Gitman, J. L., & McDaniel, D. C. (2008). The future of business: The essentials. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
Madura, J. (2007). Introduction to business. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
My goal for this project was to investigate how people plan for their exercising routine and meal plan. I specifically wanted to document a month of my nutrition and exercise goals to inspire others and present an idea of how one can create a new routine. To reach this goal, I needed to look into designing an exercise plan and documenting one’s meals. I have always been interested in fitness since my grandfather has been a high school coach for more than 40 years. He cared about my nutrition and fitness and often shared helpful advice, which I took to heart.
Before starting this project, I gained knowledge about fitness from my granddad and my trainer. For example, I knew that different exercises affect specific body parts. Therefore, to develop a healthy body, a person needs to pay attention to various muscle groups and design a plan that targets legs, arms, back, and other parts. Also, I knew that food groups and their contents played a role in one’s health. Regular meals should contain healthy fats, proteins, and carbs to help the body to build muscle. When I created my blog, I used this information to develop the plan and decide how I would explain my meal choices.
The first source I considered for the blog was an article written on the website of Mayo Clinic, “Fitness Program: 5 Steps to Get Started.” In it, the author talks about the first steps towards creating a personal fitness plan. For example, the text advises assessing one’s fitness level and determining how many repetitions a person can handle from the beginning to avoid health risks (Mayo Clinic Staff). Mayo Clinic is a nonprofit medical center focused on education and research, which makes it a great, credible resource. It is not affected by advertisements or other money-based influences.
For a second source, I chose a blog entry about diet planning for bodybuilding by Julian Shapiro. This is a personal perspective, but it incorporates many sources, including studies, fitness websites, and bodybuilders’ diet records. So, it is reliable as most points made in the blog entry are supported by evidence. Shapiro’s guide gave me a helpful explanation of which foods and how many calories were needed to gain muscle.
Planning
To complete my digital publication, I first examined my sources to see which exercise plan I would be introducing to my potential blog readers. I also read through the guide “How to Build an Exercise Plan” on the website Help Guide. While my workout plan was a success, I made a single set of exercises for each day, which could be seen as repetitive for a blog entry. However, I recorded my meals and tried to introduce different foods every day. I decided that I would not only describe my meals daily but also show how my weight changed throughout the month when I undertook this project. This choice allowed me to track my progress and show how small steps can make a difference. When making my blog and creating new entries, I tried to adopt a template so that my readers could easily see all the important information. Sometimes, I struggled to write down my meals, especially if I accidentally skipped one. In these situations, I put “N/A.”
Taking Action
My blog has 26 entries in which I describe my meals for the day and my current weight. One additional post documents my daily fitness plan with specific exercises, repetitions, sets, and off-day ideas. Each entry is designed to deliver the main information to the reader, so it weights the top and meals right under. I used several pictures for meals and exercises so that the audience had a chance to understand which products or movements I was describing.
Reflecting
This digital publication met my expectations, but I have some ideas on how I could improve my blog to make it more interesting to readers. On the one hand, I believe that my blog’s content delivered all the necessary information about my fitness journey for a while. I disclosed my nutrition and exercise plans and reported the results regularly. On the other hand, people are usually attracted to blogs with a particular personality or a unique feature. So, while I achieved my basic goal, I may not have succeeded in explaining why fitness is essential to all people. For example, such blog authors as Shapiro include much more personal and academic information to explain the role of fitness in one’s life. I could do the same in the future to engage the audience and invite readers to enjoy my content.
The completion of this project led me to research more about personal exercising plans. I learned that every person has unique needs and limits. Also, the healthcare website of Mayo Clinic explained to me which tests may help determine how other people and I may start exercising. In the end, I got even more invested in learning about nutrition and exercising. I will continue researching this topic and finding different ways to motivate others.
