Development Of Physical Fitness By Continues Training And Pranayama Among Volleyball Players

Introduction

In twenty first century, science and technology have been developed in terms of landmarks, space, protection, nuclear power, computer, internet, etc. We may gather knowledge from any part of the planet within a fraction of a second by means of the internet invention. Due to the advanced development of science and society’s technology and the pressure on undergraduate students for their education, the minimal body movements play an important role. Pranayama means breath management and power. Prana is a Sanskrit meaning essential power. It also means breath air. Ayana means the power of the Prana so that the regulation by focus controlled breathing of the vital force is the Pranayama. Prana is the vital power or force that motivates and is the source of every element of the earth.

The purpose of this study was to determine the “Development of Physical Fitness by continues training and pranayama among volleyball players”. There were 120 students studying at Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad the subjects for the proposed research. All of the topics were divided into four classes i.e. Group BHP, group PT, group BPPT and group Power. Divided into equal numbers in each group male students (15each) and female students (15each). The subject’s age had ranged from 18 to 25 years. Eight weeks of structured training program of physical exercises and Pranayama were given to the subject of the Experimental group, while no training plan was given to the control group. In the current research, two key important aspects of life are physical health (body) and mental health (mental). Physical measurements which included Blut pressure, pulse rate, Respiratory speed, vital capacity, body weight, and hemoglobin from two health variables, physical health further divided into two component physical measures and physiology measures, including strength, muscle energy, shoulder power, speed and cardiovascular resistance, as well as physiological measures.

Hypothesis

  • Pranayama and physical workouts will have a positive effect on volleyball players physical and mental health.
  • There will be substantial differences among the different test groups of players after pranayama and physical activities in selected physical, physiological and mental health variables.

Aims and Objectives

  • To explore the literature involved In Ayurveda, Yogic science and Physical Education
  • To collect views and reviews of various scholars.
  • Exploring physical fitness to improve the players physical, mental and physiological health.
  • Exploring Pranayama to boost volleyball players physical, physiological and mental health.
  • Exploring the combined impact on physical, physiological and mental health of volleyball players of physical exercise and pranayama.

Review of Literature

Mahesh Yadav Et Al (2016) The laid it on the line design suggests that engaged terrestrial courage variables i.e., assist, cardio health, doggedness and lots of rope of school laid on the line basketball and volleyball macho games had been cling in suspense to be statistically now not enormous.

Frederick Travis Et Al (1996) This have a look at as compared physiologic styles around conventional aerobic duty to those from one end to the opposite Invincible Athletics position emphasizing insure and comfort everywhere exercising to boom complete head of steam, keep on with it aliveness, and thoughts-frame coordination seldom without the bide no manner effects of the healing cycle.

Sudip Sundar Et Al (2011) The reason becomes to design the worldly and display traits of beau monde Indian Volleyball games. To heed the reputation or to win a nature of the beast in their Indian Volleyball players human in tolerate of terrestrial and shuck and jive characteristics inside the stumble of the describe to be had disclosure of unique some of the global span players.

Ramesh N (2011) This study of volleyball groups proven precious efficacy teams carried out appreciably eclipse in a less costly tournament than did groups with reticent degrees of customary efficacy.

Methodology: The motive sampling rule of thumb become secondhand to acquire the topics for this describe observe. The debility of games became mid 18 to 25 years. The phrase of inter-college volleyball games have been collected from a widely recognized end to the alternative Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad

The pretest mean (±SD) values of Physical Fitness of BHP Group, PT Group, BPPT Group and Control groups were 136.54 (±12.62), 136.87 (±12.63), 136.67 (±10.81), 130.27 (±10.52) respectively. The posttest mean (±SD) values of Physical Fitness for BHP Group, PT Group, BPPT Group and Control groups were 158.94 (±18.52), 133.14 (±12.34), 157.2 (±9.10), 129.67 (±11.15) respectively. The mean changes on values of mental health for BHP Group, PT Group, BPPT Group and Control groups were 22.4, 3.73, 20.53, 0.60 respectively.

Conclusion & Recommendations

Physical Fitness and Pranayama reveals significant improvement in physical, physiological and mental health variables when compared to the pretest and posttest.

The study showed significant improvement in Flexibility of pranayama group Physical Training group and both pranayama group & Physical Training group due to additive effect of Pranayama Training and Physical exercises Training and both Pranayama & Physical Fitness Training program in Volleyball players.

The study showed significant improvement in Flexibility of pranayama group Physical Training group and both pranayama group & Physical Training group due to additive effect of Pranayama Training and Physical Fitness Training and both Pranayama & Physical Fitness Training program in Volleyball players.

Fitness Plan Recommendation System

Abstract

The motive of this project was to create a “Fitness Plan Recommendation System” for the Android users those don’t know about which are the fitness plans that are suitable for them for workout. And based on age, height, weight this system can generate number of fitness plans that are Appropriate for the individuals. This android application also accumulates all the data relevant to a user’s workout. The overall intent of this application to enables all users to become aware of incompleteness in their everyday habits and will hopefully boost the user to self regulates towards betterment. Most of the user don’t know how to do exercise according to the fitness plan. For that, this application also contain “Exercise Library” which comprise the information about the most of the fitness plans that helps users to understand the fitness plans. Using this application users can create their personal workout. If users finds any exercise too difficult to perform in their generated workout, then users can perform any of the exercises that come before it in the same category, and slowly make their way to the recommended exercise as their fitness improves. This document will totally describe the overall design, testing, development of the application.

INTRODUCTION

A fitness app is an application which will be downloaded on any mobile device and used anywhere to urge fit. As of 2015, the number of health-related apps released on the two leading platforms, iPhone operating system & iOS and Android, had reached more than 165,000. Apps can perform various functions like allowing users to line fitness goals, tracking caloric intake, gathering workout ideas, and sharing progress on social media to facilitate healthy behaviour change. They can be used as a platform to promote healthy behaviour change with personalized workouts, fitness advice and nutrition plans. Fitness apps can add conjunction with wearable devices to synchronize their health data to third-party devices for easier accessibility. Through using gamification elements and creating competition among friends and family, fitness apps can help incentive users to be more motivated. Running and workout apps like RockMyRun allow users to run or compute to music within the sort of DJ mixes which will be personalized supported the user’s steps per minute, pulse or ideal cadence thus boosting and enhancing performance during exercise.

TECHNOLOGY CHOICE

SQLITE

SQLite is an in-process library that implements a self-contained, serverless, zero configuration, transactional SQL database engine. The code for SQLite is within the property right and is thus free to be used for any purpose, commercial or private. SQLite is that the most generally deployed database within the world with more applications than we will count, including several high-profile projects. SQLite is an embedded SQL database engine. Unlike most other SQL databases, SQLite doesn’t have a separate server process. SQLite reads and writes on to ordinary disk files. A complete SQL database with multiple tables, indices, triggers, and views, is contained during a single computer file . The database file format is cross-platform – you’ll freely copy a database between 32-bit and 64-bit systems or between big-endian and little-endian architectures. These features make SQLite a well-liked choice as an Application File Format. SQLite database files are a recommended storage format by the US Library of Congress. Think of SQLite not as a replacement for Oracle but as a replacement for fopen() SQLite is a compact library. With all features enabled, the library size are often but 600KiB, counting on the target platform and compiler optimization settings. (64-bit code is larger. And some compiler optimizations such as aggressive function inlining and loop unrolling can cause the object code to be much larger.) There is a tradeoff between memory usage and speed. SQLite generally runs faster the more memory you provides it . Nevertheless, performance is typically quite good even in low-memory environments. Depending on how it’s used, SQLite are often faster than direct filesystem I/O.

SQLite is extremely carefully tested before every release and features a reputation for being very reliable. Most of the SQLite ASCII text file is devoted purely to testing and verification. An automated test suite runs millions and many test cases involving many many individual SQL statements and achieves 100% branch test coverage. SQLite responds gracefully to memory allocation failures and disk I/O errors. Transactions are ACID albeit interrupted by system crashes or power failures. All of this is often verified by the automated tests using special test harnesses which simulate system failures. Of course, even with all this testing, there are still bugs. But unlike some similar projects (especially commercial competitors) SQLite is open and honest about all bugs and provides bugs lists and minute-by-minute chronologies of code changes. The SQLite code base is supported by a world team of developers who work on SQLite full-time. The developers still expand the capabilities of SQLite and enhance its reliability and performance while maintaining backwards compatibility with the published interface spec, SQL syntax, and database file format. The ASCII text file is completely liberal to anybody who wants it, but professional support is additionally available. The SQLite project was started on 2000-05-09. The future is usually hard to predict, but the intent of the developers is to support SQLite through the year 2050. Design decisions are made thereupon objective in mind. We the developers hope that you simply find SQLite useful and that we entreat you to use it well: to form good and delightful products that are fast, reliable, and straightforward to use. Seek forgiveness for yourself as you forgive others. And even as you’ve got received SQLite for free of charge , so also freely give, paying the debt forward.

ANDROID

Android may be a mobile OS supported a modified version of the Linux kernel and other open source software, designed primarily for touch screen mobile devices like smart phones and tablets. Android is developed by a consortium of developers referred to as the Open Handset Alliance, with the most contributor and commercial marketer being Google.[10]

Initially developed by Android Inc., which Google bought in 2005, Android was unveiled in 2007, with the primary commercial Android device launched in September 2008. the present stable version is Android 10, released on September 3, 2019. The core Android ASCII text file is understood as Android Open Source Project (AOSP), which is primarily licensed under the Apache License. This has allowed variants of Android to be developed on a variety of other electronics, like game consoles, digital cameras, PCs et al. , each with a specialized interface . Some documented derivatives include Android TV for televisions and Wear OS for wearables, both developed by Google.

Android’s ASCII text file has been used because the basis of various ecosystems, most notably that of Google which is related to a set of proprietary software called Google Mobile Services (GMS),[11] that regularly comes pre-installed on said devices. This includes core apps like Gmail, the digital distribution platform Google Play and associated Google Play Services development platform, and typically apps like the Google Chrome browser . These apps are licensed by manufacturers of Android devices certified under standards imposed by Google. Other competing Android ecosystems include Amazon.com’s Fire OS, or Lineage OS. Software distribution is usually offered through proprietary application stores like Google Play Store or Samsung Galaxy Store, or open source platforms like Aptoide or F-Droid, which use software packages within the APK format

Android has been the best-selling OS worldwide on smart phones since 2011 and on tablets since 2013. As of May 2017, it’s over two billion monthly active users, the most important installed base of any OS , and as of January 2020, the Google Play Store features over 2.9 million apps

Why we use android?

Android may be a fastest growing OS in smart phones market.[20] Android may be a Linux based OS it’s designed primarily for touch screen mobile devices like smart phones and tablet computers. The android may be a powerful OS and it supports sizable amount of applications in Smartphone’s. These applications are easier and advanced for the users. The hardware that supports android software is predicated on ARM architecture platform. The android is an open source OS means it’s free and anybody can use it. The android possesses many apps available which will assist you managing your life one or other way and it’s available low cost in market at that reasons android is extremely popular. The android may be a n OS and is a stack of software components which is split into five sections and 4 main layers that’s Linux kernel, Libraries and Android runtime. The android uses the powerful Linux kernel and it supports wide selection of hardware drivers. The kernel is that the heart of the OS that manages input and output requests from software. This provides basic system functionalities like process management, memory management, device management like camera, keypad, display etc. the kernel handles all the items . The Linux is basically good at networking and it’s not necessary to interface it to the peripheral hardware. The kernel itself doesn’t interact directly with the user but rather interacts with the shell and other programs also like the hard ware devices on the system. The android has some advantages the are following:

  • Android is Linux based open source operating system , it can be developed by any one.
  • Easy access to the android apps.
  • You can replace the battery and mass storage, disk drive and UDB option.
  • Its supports all Google services.
  • The operating system is able to inform you of a new SMS and Emails or latest updates.
  • It supports Multitasking.
  • Android phone can also function as a router to share internet.
  • Its free to customize.
  • Can install a modified ROM.
  • Its supports 2D and 3D graphics

SYSTEM WORKING FLOW

The criteria of the recommending system that we propose include: user profiles (personal information and nutrition), similar users and their recommendations, the evolution in time of each user, accomplishments of workout exercises and diet for a particular day.

The system also considers the unforeseen changes possibly inflicted by injuries, illness or other impediments or changes that can affect one’s performance.

Firstly user have to visit our application which is based on android platform. If the user have an account then user can directly login in our application if user don’t have an account the firstly user has to create an account. Once the user create an account then user can enter her/him Email id and Password and enter into application.

After user successfully login into application user face a main menu of our application. User can create a own workout. While user can do the exercise user can play the music. After creating a workout prescribe the details which is mandatory which is helps to starting workout. Information like age, height, weight etc. If the information provide by the user is correct then our system is generate workout for the user. Workout is generate based on the information which is prescribed by the user .Once the workout is generate our system prescribe exercise which is suitable for user.

After suitable workout is generate user have to visit exercise library. In the exercise library there is a lots of workout plans are given user has to start exercise which is prescribe by our system. Read the details of prescribe workout and start the exercise.

In our system there is a video player option is available which is helps to user to see some workout. In this user require some video’s related to there exercise the they are watch the video.

CONCLUSIONS

The project titled Fitness Plan Recommendation System is an android based application that enables the user to keep an eye on their fitness regime. The project has been completed successfully with maximum satisfaction. The constraints are met and overcome successfully. The system is designed like it was decided in the design phase. The project gives a good idea on developing a user-friendly application satisfying the user. The system is very flexible and versatile. This application has a user-friendly screen that enables the user to use it without any inconvenience.

This project is more informative and more helpful for understanding the concept of android app development. This project automatically generates the user’s workout based on the age, height, weight. And according to the generated workout user can easily do the exercise to stay fit and healthy. Some users don’t have any ideas about how to do exercises. So for them we provide exercise library to understand about the generated exercises.

Hence we have developed android application for giving the various ideas about daily fitness to the users.

Reference

  1. Azumio Inc. (n.d.). Argus – Pedometer, Run, Cycle achieve your fitness and weight loss goalswith the ultimate activity tracker by Azumio on the App Store on iTunes. Retrieved from
  2. https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/argus-pedometer-run-cycle/id624329444?mt=8
  3. Fitbit Inc. (n.d.). Fitbit. Retrieved from http://dev.fitbit.com/
  4. Working with the Fitness History. (n.d.). Retrieved March 23, 2015
  5. https://developers.google.com/fit/android/history
  6. Build software better, together. (n.d.). Retrieved December 15, 2014, from https://github.com/
  7. Android Mobile Application For Healthy Fitness (AMAHF) March 2016

Essay about Physical Fitness

The Importance of Staying Physically Fit While Pursuing a Career in Law Enforcement

When an individual decides to pursue a career in law enforcement, they must meet all the requirements and needs of not only their department but also the people they serve. Within the public’s eye, police officers every day are held to a higher expectation than most people. Every individual that becomes a law enforcement officer takes an oath to serve and protect their community. With that, officers out in the field are expected to remain in excellent physical fitness condition in order to carry out that very oath they once took. Failing to remain in good physical shape as a law enforcement officer carries many risks not only to the officer themself but also to the people they promise to serve and protect every day.

Maintaining a healthy physical fitness lifestyle is an uprising issue within the United States. A large majority of the United States population has been classified as either overweight or obese. According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in the year 2019, 35.2% of the adult population (18 years of age or older) was classified as being overweight in the United States. From that same group of individuals, 31.4% of those were classified as obese. But who’s not to say that some of those individuals are active or prior law enforcement officers? Law enforcement officers have very physically strenuous and sometimes stressful tasks that they have only moments to react to. For example, if a law enforcement officer has to chase after a fleeing suspect on foot. Some of the crucial physical fitness attributes the officer needs in order to catch that suspect are strength, speed, flexibility, endurance, and coordination. Now all of those attributes are crucial to catching up to the suspect, but what happens next after you catch up to them? From my prior law enforcement experiences, a fleeing suspect will more than likely not just stop resisting arrest once you catch up to them. They will more than likely want to fight or do anything they have to do in order to avoid being arrested. Although it may be ideal for a suspect to just turn around and put their hands behind their back, that will not always be the case. When deadly force is not necessary, a law enforcement officer may have to physically fight a resisting suspect in order to gain enough compliance to successfully carry out an arrest. This is when being physically fit is crucial for the life of an officer that is in a physical altercation with a suspect. Maintaining long-lasting strength and endurance during a physical altercation could be the only thing that determines if a law enforcement officer goes home to their family at the end of their shift or not.

Between 2004 and 2009 the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress Study was conducted and provided information that law enforcement officers have some of the poorest cardiovascular disease health profiles of any other occupation. This study that was provided by the “United States Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health ” showed that 46.9% of the officers that participated, worked a nighttime-related shift which was compared to the non-law enforcement participants whom only 9% of those individuals worked a nighttime-related shift. Of those law enforcement individuals who participated in this study, almost half of those officers suffered from depression and were “nearly four times more likely to sleep less than six hours in a 24-hour period than the general population (33.0% vs. 8.0%).” Throughout this study, all law enforcement and nonlaw enforcement participants were compared for not only what their everyday job duties intel but also compared what kind of physical fitness lifestyle these individuals live on and off duty. This was when a shocking and eye-opening discovery was made. Out of all the law enforcement officers participating, a much higher percentage of them were found to be living an unhealthy physical fitness lifestyle. In fact, 40.5% of these officers were classified as being obese, and in comparison with nonlaw enforcement participants were deemed to be overall more unhealthy than the general population. Other researchers have found that if an individual lives an unhealthy physical fitness lifestyle, it will adversely affect their mental health and could lead to mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, stress, lowered self-esteem, cause irregular sleeping patterns, and cause continuous problems with concentration. With that said, living a healthy physical fitness lifestyle is detrimental to not only everyone but especially to active law enforcement individuals because of how much it can impact their mental health. Law enforcement individuals who fail to maintain a good overall fitness level could put themselves at an increased risk for suicide at some point in their careers.

In October of 2019, the “Police Executive Research Forum” published an article called “An Occupational Risk: What Every Police Agency Should Do To Prevent Suicide Among Its Officers.” This article, explains many different ways to help improve the mental health of law enforcement officers in hopes that it will deter the action of suicide. Although there is no research that suggests staying physically fit decreases the chances of someone committing suicide, there is research that supports that living a healthy physically fit lifestyle improves mental health in a lot of different ways. In 2018 statistics show that 82% of officer-related suicides took place while they were still on active duty. Most of these individuals, at the time of their death, were not living a healthy physical fitness lifestyle. In fact, 38% of those individuals were less than 1 year away from their retirement and another 21% were 13 months to 3 years away from their retirement. Emphasized throughout this article, is the importance of wellness programs being set in place within all law enforcement agencies around the nation. According to the Ruderman Family Foundation, “Officers have depression at rates significantly higher than the general population,” and to help decrease these rates “It is important that wellness programs in police agencies extend beyond the limited goal of preventing suicide, to include the overall mental and physical health and well-being of police officers.” Implementing wellness programs in law enforcement agencies, not only could lower the risk of law enforcement-related suicides, but it will also improve the overall health and wellness of those officers out in the field.

Within every profession, an employee will be given training, preparation, and tools that are provided to them in order to successfully carry out their roles/duties. The same type of materials is given to law enforcement officers as well. Many officers are required to complete a field training program with their agency, complete a state-certified police program, and will be required to maintain a certain amount of training hours per year in order to retain their police certification. One of the biggest and most important parts of a law enforcement officer’s training is maintaining and building a good physical fitness level. Many tools are provided to law enforcement officers such as handcuffs, guns, batons, and tasers but the most important tool a law enforcement officer can have is a healthy physical fitness lifestyle. Maintaining a healthy and fit body will ensure that an officer is more capable of handling some of law enforcement’s most straining and physically exerting requirements that many officers experience every day. But if an officer isn’t physically fit enough to restrain a suspect, why doesn’t he use the tools he was given in order to restrain that person? Tools like the taser or baton or if he has to, why doesn’t he just shoot the suspect? That’s why the officer was given those tools in the first place right? Well no, a law enforcement officer isn’t given those tools to be used when they aren’t physically fit enough to fight another individual. Those tools that are provided to officers such as a taser, baton, pepper spray, and other weapons that are categorized as “non-lethal weapons” are only to be used in certain circumstances. That also includes having to discharge a deadly weapon at someone. Law enforcement officers are required to use only the reasonable amount of force necessary to stop a threat. This is otherwise known as the amount of “use of force” an officer uses. For example, an unhealthy overweight officer is initiated in a foot pursuit with an individual that is suspected of committing petit theft. The officer cannot fatally shoot the suspect just because the officer is not physically fit enough to keep up with the fleeing individual. If this officer did decide to shoot the individual and no exigent circumstances existed, this would be considered excessive use of force. At that time, the officer along with the agency he works for would have to hold full accountability for his actions. If law enforcement officer decides they have to deploy the tools that are provided to them, because they are physically unfit to perform the duties they were hired to do, that will come with a lot of liability not only for that officer but also for the agency they work for. The tools that law enforcement officers are given are just that, they are tools to be used when a situation presents itself where an officer deems it necessary to use them. These tools are not meant to be relied on to make sure that an officer gets to go home at the end of their shift. Law enforcement officers out in the field should be able to rely on their own physical capabilities to get themselves out of any and all dangerous situations they may find themselves in while on duty. Remaining healthy and physically fit throughout the entirety of a law enforcement career is crucial for not only the life of an officer but can also release an officer from a lot of unneeded legality liability issues that may put them at risk if they remain in an unfit or unhealthy physical lifestyle.

Living a healthy and physically fit lifestyle for some people is a must, and for others it’s not. Some individuals decide to eat salads for lunch, and others find it more convenient to stop by the nearest Mcdonald’s drive-through for lunch. Some people strive to be the best they can every day both physically and mentally and others choose not to be. Maintaining a healthy and physically fit lifestyle is a choice that almost everyone in this nation gets to choose from or not. But in fact, as of 2019, there are approximately 670,279 individuals in this country that don’t get to choose if they are physically fit or not. These individuals are the men and women that decided to dedicate their careers to law enforcement. When an individual decides to pursue a career as a law enforcement officer, they lose their rights to being unfit. Officers all around the nation are expected to be in prime physical fitness shape, in order to carry out the requirements of their job. Officers all around the United States are held to a much higher expectation than most individuals. In order to fulfill those expectations, officers are expected to remain in a healthy and physically fit lifestyle that directly impacts their ability to carry out the duties of their job both physically and mentally. Having a physically fit lifestyle while excelling in a law enforcement career will reduce the risk of injury while on duty, it will lower the risks of any legal liability an officer may have if they chose not to be fit, and it will also positively impacts officers mental health as a job in law enforcement can be both stressful and traumatizing at times. Remaining physically fit is crucial for officers that may need to pursue fleeing suspects or overpower the ones that are trying to resist arrest.

The Ethical Qualms Of The Fitness Industry

Throughout the past couple of decades, America has been stricken with an epidemic of worsening health outcomes. Obesity is considered by the Center of Disease Control (CDC) as America’s health crisis with most states ranging within the 18.7% to 32% obesity rate (as cited by Ward-Smith, 2010). The CDC (2020) also states that the leading cause of death in the United States is heart disease with about 655,000 Americans dying each year. Along with these underlying conditions, Americans are also getting less physical activity and are becoming more and more sedentary which is linked to elevated risk of mortality from all causes independent from other comorbidities (Schmid et al., 2015). Americans are getting unhealthier and producing poorer health outcomes over time. The intuition is to get exercise and to make healthier food options over time, however, these initiatives are easier said than done. There are multitude of factors that play into long term health: time, cost, lifestyle changes, etc. Many people simply do not have the time or energy to dedicate to their longevity, as grim as it may be. This leads many to focus on the fringe aspects of health and fitness: supplements and online programs.

The Fitness Industry and Ethical Issues

The struggle to achieve one’s health and fitness goals has become a dominant issue in many people’s lives throughout the past couple of decades. The prospects of being healthy and active are simple in nature but extremely hard to commit to and act on long term. This is where the commercial components of the health promotion industry tend to come in. The growing interest and attention surrounding physical health and fitness has caused an entire industry of fitness supplements to rise along with it. At some point, everyone has seen the fitness infomercial offering training programs based on body types, nutrition plans, expensive supplements, and other expensive “quick-fixes” to health. These adverts usually appeal to the ordinary person, promising ease of use and quick results.

Fat burners, protein supplements, weight loss pills, and shakes are just a few examples to name that predicate on the buyer’s desire to lose weight or get fit. While limited research has shown that nutritional supplements do have an acute benefit to reaching specific sports-oriented goals, their use generally is not needed for recreational health and fitness (Dreher et al., 2018). Normal people outside of specific sport do not need to consume these supplements if they have adequate diets. Most supplements are placebo at best or are harmful to the user at worst. Many that are unaware of these facts fall into the rabbit hole of spending large sums of money on supplements that have little to no effectiveness, only to be discouraged and be led astray from their goals. Despite this, behind every new product or revolutionary program, there is an individual proclaiming the benefits and health implications of said product. Self-proclaimed “health-experts” are the ones selling snake oil supplements and health programs to unsuspecting patrons, in lieu of practical and legitimate advice. There are a multitude of different ethical qualms and implications that these actions have on the industry at large, which will be discussed as well as practical application of theory in this field.

Ethical Theories in the Fitness Industry

Desire Satisfaction Theory

Desire satisfaction theory posits that actions are intrinsically good if they satisfy your desires, only if they satisfy your desires, and because they satisfy your desires (Shafer-Landau, 2017, pp. 44-45). This theory essentializes our subjective desires and puts them at the forefront of our actions. From the perspective of an average person, they may be motivated to purchase fat burning supplements and other training modalities because they desire to be more fit and healthy. They fall for these scams and marketing in the hopes that the products will be the “cure” they need to reach their goals. Desire satisfaction theory is so appealing in its application because it does not rely on any objective ethical theory or application. Desire satisfaction theory relies heavily on the use of welfare by the person in question (Lin, 2016). All that is simply needed to a justification as to why a person wants to pursue something, if this requirement is filled, the action is intrinsically good. If a person feels that buying a certain product or supplement would lead them to being better off with their health, then their actions are intrinsically good.

Ethical Egoism

Ethical egoism is an ethical theory that asserts actions that maximizes one’s own wellbeing are the morally right things to do (Burgess-Jackson, 2012). Essentially, every person has a duty to promote their own pursuit of self-interests. From the viewpoint of the marketeer, they are marketing a product for the prospect of turning a profit, which benefits them. The monetary incentive and the notoriety are in their own self-interest to pursue, which is supported by ethical egoism. A big misconception with ethical egoism is that ethical egoists would only be interested in actions that solely benefit themselves. Ethical egoism does not necessitate an action that would benefit themselves alone; rather, when weighing their actions based on self-interest, it would be preferable to perform one action over another (Chong, 1992). For example, in a scenario where a fitness entrepreneur was to genuinely sell a product that helped others reach their goals and they feel fulfilled from that, their actions would still be reasonably explained by ethical egoism. Same thing goes for the previous scenario, if a person improves their wellbeing or feels fulfilled by scamming other people purely for profit, then their actions are moral under ethical egoism independent of what happens to the other party. Ethical egoism basically fits our actions under the moral framework by stating that our fulfillment and wellbeing should be at the forefront of our moral decisions. Whether the fulfillment could be from helping other people reach their health goals or purely for the pursuit of profit or notoriety, both motivations are valid because they provide a net positive effect on wellbeing.

Consequentialism

Consequentialist theory is a moral theory that posits an action is moral or immoral based on the effects of the outcome (Portmore, 2014). If the outcome provides the most positive effects when weighed against other alternatives, the action is deemed a moral imperative. In the case of the person that is purchasing the products, they believe that it is the right thing to do because it would allow them to be healthier and more fit in the long run. This is guided by consequentialist thought because all the other alternatives are less preferable (the comorbidities linked to poorer health outcomes). They are trying to justify the purchases as an “investment in their health”. It is required to produce the best results, i.e. better health outcomes. A way of framing decisions along the consequentialist perspective is through graded dimensions. Martin Peterson framed it in a way that describes each moral action has degrees of moral rightness or wrongness. Actions are partially right and partially wrong and they are weighed on the axes of risk, wellbeing, and outcome (as cited by Andrić & Tanyi, 2015). Going back to the scenario, a person that is looking to improve their health would weight their decisions based on the axes of risk, wellbeing, and outcome. There are risks with being overweight and sedentary, wellbeing is crippled when self-esteem is low, and financial costs for bad health with work to the detriment of the customer. By this reasoning, it is a moral duty to pursue whatever avenues necessary to produce the most favorable outcomes, even if they are victims of advertising and poor products.

Conclusion

“Health is wealth” is a sentiment that that reflects the situation of many in modern times. The struggle to achieve certain health outcomes and lifestyle changes are becoming increasingly difficult to attain, and the price of being unhealthy has serious economic and lifestyle burdens. With this struggle comes the desperation to feel better and to live healthier, which causes many to fall down a rabbit hole of false promises and disappointment. On the other end are businessmen and women that are there to make a quick buck, selling lies and goals that ultimately will not be reached. They are in it for themselves and their own self-interests supersede the interests of their clientele. The health promotion industry needs a reform; one that prioritizes the health of the general and athletic population. People that are struggling need to hear that losing weight and being healthy are hard goals. They do take time and effort over the span of a lifetime. To promote health sustainably, it is a professional’s duty to promote long-term methods and practices that help people improve their health over time, not to popularize quick fixes and short cuts. There are no shortcuts to good health and that should not stop a person from veering away from their goals.

References

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Essay on Aerobic Fitness

Aerobic fitness, also known as cardiovascular fitness, is a critical component of overall health and well-being. It refers to the ability of the cardiovascular system to efficiently deliver oxygen to the muscles during prolonged physical activity. Engaging in regular aerobic exercise not only improves cardiovascular health but also offers numerous benefits for mental and physical well-being. In this informative essay, we will explore the importance of aerobic fitness, its impact on health, and various ways to incorporate aerobic exercise into our daily lives.

One of the primary benefits of aerobic fitness is its positive impact on cardiovascular health. Regular aerobic exercise strengthens the heart muscle, improves blood circulation, and lowers blood pressure. Engaging in activities such as running, swimming, cycling, or brisk walking on a consistent basis can reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular conditions. Aerobic exercise also helps to increase the levels of good cholesterol (HDL) while reducing levels of bad cholesterol (LDL) and triglycerides, further promoting heart health.

Additionally, aerobic fitness plays a crucial role in weight management and maintaining a healthy body composition. Aerobic exercise helps to burn calories and increase metabolism, contributing to weight loss and the reduction of body fat. By engaging in activities that elevate the heart rate, individuals can effectively manage their weight and improve their body composition. Regular aerobic exercise also enhances muscle endurance, as the muscles become more efficient at utilizing oxygen and energy during physical activity.

Apart from physical benefits, aerobic fitness has a significant impact on mental health and overall well-being. Engaging in aerobic exercise releases endorphins, which are often referred to as “feel-good” hormones. These endorphins promote a sense of well-being, reduce stress levels, and alleviate symptoms of anxiety and depression. Regular aerobic exercise can improve sleep patterns, boost self-esteem, and enhance cognitive function. It has also been associated with better overall mental clarity and improved mood.

Incorporating aerobic exercise into our daily lives does not necessarily require a gym membership or expensive equipment. There are numerous ways to engage in aerobic activities and increase fitness levels. For example, walking or jogging outdoors, taking the stairs instead of the elevator, or participating in group exercise classes are all effective ways to improve aerobic fitness. It is recommended to engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per week or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise, spread across several days.

It is essential to start slowly and gradually increase the intensity and duration of aerobic exercise to avoid injury and allow the body to adapt. Consulting with a healthcare professional or certified fitness trainer can provide guidance on appropriate exercise programs and intensity levels based on individual fitness levels and health conditions.

In conclusion, aerobic fitness plays a vital role in promoting overall health and well-being. Regular aerobic exercise improves cardiovascular health, aids in weight management, enhances mental health, and boosts overall mood. Engaging in activities that elevate the heart rate and increase oxygen consumption contributes to improved fitness levels and a higher quality of life. By incorporating aerobic exercise into our daily routines, we can reap the numerous physical and mental benefits that come with maintaining optimal aerobic fitness.

Fitness Essay

Introduction

In a world where time moves at an unparalleled rate, the pursuit of a balanced and healthy lifestyle is more important than ever. Welcome to the world of fitness, where strength meets drive and perseverance meets happiness. This transforming journey not only molds our physical abilities but also feeds the soul and sharpens the mind. Fitness is a sanctuary where we may construct the finest versions of ourselves, from the rhythmic heartbeat of aerobic workouts to the powerful embrace of weightlifting. As we investigate the unmatched relevance of fitness in our lives, join the movement that celebrates life’s vibrancy and unleashes the unlimited potential inside.

Factors Affecting our Health and Fitness

Our health and fitness are influenced by a myriad of factors that interplay in shaping our well-being. Firstly, a balanced diet plays a crucial role, as the nutrients we consume provide the foundation for our physical and mental vitality. Regular physical activity boosts cardiovascular health, strengthens muscles, and enhances overall endurance. Additionally, sufficient rest and sleep facilitate cellular repair and rejuvenation. Mental well-being is equally important, as stress management and positive outlooks impact our immune system and overall resilience. Environmental factors like air and water quality also contribute to our health. By acknowledging and addressing these elements, we can embark on a holistic journey towards improved health and fitness.

Role of Nutritious Diet on our Health and Fitness

A nutritious diet forms the bedrock upon which the pillars of health and fitness firmly stand. Like a symphony conductor, the food we consume orchestrates the harmonious functioning of our bodies, igniting a transformative cascade of well-being. A balanced and wholesome diet provides the essential nutrients, vitamins, minerals, and energy needed to propel us towards optimal physical and mental states.

The significance of nutrition in our health cannot be overstated. The right blend of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and fiber fuels our muscles, sustains our energy levels, and aids in cellular repair and growth. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats not only fortifies our immune system but also guards against chronic illnesses such as heart disease, diabetes, and obesity.

Moreover, a nutritious diet plays a pivotal role in our fitness journey. For those seeking to sculpt their bodies and enhance performance, the right nutrients are essential building blocks. Protein fuels muscle repair and development, while carbohydrates serve as a vital energy source for high-intensity workouts. Equally crucial, hydration acts as an unsung hero, ensuring our bodies are optimally primed for exercise and recovery.

Beyond physical well-being, the impact of a nutritious diet extends to our mental and emotional realms. Studies have shown that certain nutrients and dietary patterns can positively influence mood, cognition, and overall mental health, amplifying focus, clarity, and resilience.

Embracing a nutritious diet is not a fleeting trend but a sustainable lifestyle choice. It empowers us to take charge of our health and fitness destinies, fostering longevity, vitality, and a profound connection with our bodies. By nourishing ourselves from within, we unlock the potential for a life filled with vibrancy, vigor, and holistic well-being.

Impact of Exercise on our Health

The impact of exercise on our health reverberates far beyond the confines of a gym or the fleeting euphoria of a post-workout glow. Engaging in regular physical activity is an empowering journey towards holistic well-being, redefining the very essence of what it means to live a vibrant and fulfilling life.

First and foremost, exercise is the catalyst for a robust cardiovascular system. As our heart pumps vigorously during workouts, it becomes more efficient, reducing the risk of heart disease and hypertension. Simultaneously, exercise stimulates the release of endorphins, nature’s potent mood enhancers, fostering a sense of joy, reduced stress, and enhanced mental clarity.

The transformative power of exercise extends to the physical realm, sculpting and strengthening our bodies. Through resistance training and weight-bearing exercises, muscles and bones adapt, bestowing us with resilience and agility. Flexibility exercises, on the other hand, keep joints supple and muscles limber, preventing injuries and promoting longevity.

Intriguingly, exercise profoundly impacts our immune system, enhancing its defense mechanisms against infections and illnesses. A well-balanced fitness routine also aids in weight management, promoting a healthy body mass index and reducing the risk of obesity-related conditions.

Beyond the physical attributes, exercise forges an unbreakable bond between mind and body. It cultivates discipline, perseverance, and self-mastery, as we push through challenges and witness our progress. The self-confidence gained through exercise permeates every facet of life, inspiring us to tackle obstacles with newfound vigor.

Embracing the impact of exercise on our health means embracing life itself. It is a celebration of the gift of movement, an homage to the marvels of our bodies, and a testament to our commitment to self-care. As we lace up our sneakers and embrace the rhythmic dance of exercise, we embark on a transformative voyage towards a life that is vibrant, resilient, and abundantly well-lived.

Meditation, Yoga, and Health

Meditation and yoga, twin pillars of serenity, have emerged as profound contributors to holistic health and fitness. In the gentle embrace of meditation, minds find tranquility, stress dissipates, and mental clarity flourishes. Meanwhile, yoga, a harmonious union of body and breath, nurtures physical strength, flexibility, and balance. Together, they orchestrate a symphony of well-being, calming the restless mind and invigorating the body. Beyond the physical and mental gains, these practices cultivate mindfulness, enabling individuals to foster a profound connection with their inner selves. Embracing meditation and yoga bestows upon us a profound journey towards inner peace and vitality.

Conclusion

In the symphony of life, fitness emerges as the resounding melody that echoes through every aspect of our being. Through this journey of exploration, we have unraveled the profound significance of embracing a holistic approach to health and fitness. From the nourishment of a nutritious diet to the invigorating impact of exercise, we have witnessed how these choices wield the power to sculpt our bodies, elevate our spirits, and fortify our minds.

With each step taken on this transformative path, we have come to understand that fitness is not a mere destination but an ever-evolving voyage. It is a testament to our commitment to self-care, an ode to the vibrant harmony between mind, body, and soul. So, let us continue to dance to the rhythm of our hearts, celebrating the essence of vitality, and nurturing the beautiful symphony of life with every stride.

The Importance of Physical Fitness in a Law Enforcement Career: Persuasive Essay

Imagine a 6’, 250 lbs male with a large build fighting against a 5’7, 120 lbs female officer with a slender build body, during the mist of action who would win? To pursue a career in law enforcement fitness is one of, if not the most important, part of the job. Physical fitness is not just about lifting weights every single day and or running for hours and hours, sure that it is a part of what fitness is about, but there is more to it. There are beneficial outcomes when exercising, and these outcomes can be of assistance throughout the law enforcement career.

Proper physical fitness and health management is a great way to prepare for law enforcement. To ensure that police officers can handle their responsibility as a protector of society, it is crucial for them to be prepared to protect others and themselves. Exercising is a big asset to police officers physically, mentally, and emotionally. Physical activity is an important part that prepares police officers before going out into the field which involves physical contact with criminals. out on the field. Exercising improves an individual’s energy, getting the heart pumped several times a week makes the human body more energized, and being energetic enhances performance.

To be able to handle criminals, police officers are required to be somewhat above average in physical fitness level to prevent interference and assault. Training with weights and doing interval workouts are great ways to start. It is important for officers to work on more performance/skill-related training rather than just blindly lifting heavy weights. Kelly Keith (2017) stated that “as police trainers, we need to enhance other fitness components that will enable the officer to win” (para. 4). Despite that exercising with weights and interval training can assist an officer out in the field that deals with physical strength, it is simply not enough to prevent a dangerous situation as there will always be differences in strength between the suspect and the officer. Keith explained that there will always be someone that is bigger and stronger than you no matter what and it is important to consider other types of exercises to develop the ability to fully defend themselves. There are many components of training that can help in different situations, such as muscular endurance. Muscular endurance is the ability to be in a physical confrontation that lasts more than 15 seconds. This special training can help take down suspects that resist. Another fitness component example would be agility. Agility requires you to be flexible, it is the ability to stop and change directions quickly when chasing after a suspect. These are two of the components out of many more. This shows how important physical finesses are to police officers as there will be many instances that require either these components or many others. Training for these physical components won’t be possible unless the person is physically fit. For instance, weight training and interval workouts that were mentioned beforehand were stepping stones toward enhancing these abilities. Weight training can help with ‘muscular endurance’, whereas interval training can help with agility. These examples show how prepared an officer should be out in the field and why physical activities are important for police officers out in everyday life.

Exercising is beneficial to police officers not only physically, but mentally as well. Everyone knows that regular exercise is good for the body, but exercises are also one of the most effective ways to improve your mental health. Exercising is not just about bodybuilding and endurance training, it helps with improving the health of an individual mentally. Daily exercises can help improve memorizing and overall mood. Having a good memory is a crucial part of being a police officer as there are many pieces of information and evidence to remember. For example, a description of a person: it is necessary to remember the suspect’s description to bring him in for questioning. Another example would be remembering the codes used between cops, such as ten codes and alpha codes. Being mentally healthy is critical in this line of a job because it will get stressful, and undesirable events will happen. Mental health is a big issue in law enforcement because of depression and anxiety, and unfortunately, PTSD/trauma is part of it. In this line of work, officers will experience things that can possibly scar them for life. Exercising on a daily basis can have a big positive impact on depression, anxiety, etc. “Studies show that exercise can treat mild to moderate depression as effectively as antidepressant medication-but without the side effects, of course” (Robinson et al., 2018, para. 4). Depression can happen through a terrible event that occurs, and it is something that will/can affect the person’s action during duty. The severity of depression can lead to suicidal attempts. This explains and proves that exercising is needed in this line of a job because of the beneficial factor.

Physical fitness plays a big role in law enforcement as it benefits not only an individual physically, but mentally as well. Emotional health is like mental health as it affects the mind, exercising can boost a person’s emotional health. Emotions are an important part of being a police officer because of the decision a person makes in an emotional situation. Emotions are a form of mental state, but not exactly, mental health is more about processing information, whereas emotions are the thoughts and behavioral part of the mental state of how a person can behave. Emotional health is crucial to a person’s health overall. Someone that is emotionally healthy can control their actions, thoughts, and feelings. In particular, being emotionally healthy is an advantageous aspect for a person that can control their behavior. Compared to police officers, they need to control their actions in stressful situations. Such as provocation from suspects, this is a common example of how a person can lose patience in a heated moment. Often, suspects intentionally provoke an officer to get them heated at the moment which can be led to the use of force. Sometimes the use of force is filmed by other people and posted on the Internet, which can be seen by many people as police brutality. Actions like these embarrass and hurt other police officers’ reputations. The simple reason that such an event can happen is through the ability to not able to control their feelings. Being emotionally healthy is important, as it can prevent an individual from doing awful things. Continuously keeping emotions intact is hard and that is true, but a way to coop with that is through daily exercising. “Research shows that emotional health is a skill. There are steps you can take to improve your emotional health and be happier” (Staff, F. E., 2017, para. 3). Emotional health is just as important as any specialized training as it is also a requirement for the job. The skill that controls every action the officer makes under certain situations. For instance, the ability to give time to think before something regretful happens. Therefore, being emotionally healthy give the mind a more positive way of thinking and many other credible choices to make. Given these points, as a result, being emotionally healthy is obtained through being regularly active, and how important emotional health is to police officers.

Physical fitness is undoubtedly a requirement to pursue a law enforcement career. This sort of profession can cost a person’s life without being properly prepared. That is why there are so many preparations beforehand, as it is simply a requirement to be able to perform. Police officers are required to properly handle every responsibility that is assigned to them. Guarantee that a police officer is fully prepared before going out on the field requires them to be physically, mentally, and emotionally fit for the job. Physical fitness is the number one requirement in the field of law enforcement because the job involves criminals. Having a gun and or a badge does not mean criminals will automatically give themselves up. Some of them will use force to fight back, and it is the duty of an officer to detain that person before anyone else gets hurt. Before an officer can protect others, it is important that they can protect themselves first. Another beneficial factor of physical fitness improves one’s mental health. In this field of work, things will get stressful due to paperwork and long hours of work. Exercising is an alternative to blow off some steam and prevents stress. Certainly, being emotionally healthy is also a big beneficial factor in being physically fit, as it is also a form of mental health. Emotionally healthy officers can handle situations with excellent judgment that avoids conflict. In addition, it is important to be positive and feel good about yourself because it can create good relationships with others. Overall, physical fitness is a fundamental part of becoming a police officer, and/or in general, as it is an optimum way to a wonderful life.

Essay on Health and Physical Education

This essay presents a summary of the review of foreign and local related literature and studies. The variables that are discussed in this essay include physical fitness as viewed by educators and researchers. To collect information on each of these topics, the researcher used educational research databases and journal databases with keyword searches including “fitness performance,” “physical fitness,” “physical activity,” and “physical fitness test.” This essay also includes a review of information on health-related fitness; and skill-related fitness. Furthermore, this essay also contains a review of related foreign a local pieces of literature and studies.

Fitness performance is extremely beneficial to health; it has several health-related benefits for individuals. There has been much interest in studies on the potential benefits of physical activity for the development of cognitive abilities over the last several years, strongly recommending physical activity as an effective instrument for building psychological well-being, in the provisions of CMO 59, series of 1996 for the General Education, CMO 54, series of 2007 for the Professional Education courses and CMO 23, series of 2011 for the Bachelor of Physical Education. It allows maximum opportunity for students to pursue various combinations of courses in teaching, coaching, programming, and administration, and within their particular areas of interest.

Physical fitness is vital for good health and active life. The total development of an individual should be ranked in terms of physical, mental, emotional, social, and health through a broad physical fitness program. The students can only function at the uttermost of their performance when the body is vigorous and durable. Thus, the students need to measure and evaluate their physical fitness status for their benefit and their improvement.

A study conducted by R. Giron (2017) determines and analyzes the physical fitness status of students in physical education. Two hundred students of PE classes were selected in his study the physical fitness status of the participants was generally “impressive” based on the CHED Norm of Physical Fitness. The average set by the groups of students was generally equivalent to or higher than the CHED standards. This means that the PE students could come across or even surpass CHED standards.

On one hand, teachers are presently facing the difficulty of competencies as to how they must be taught in the 12th century to meet the standard in teaching physical education. Every teacher has to develop and focus on the competencies or attributes of an educational system for them to achieve a high degree, A Physical Fitness Test is a necessary activity in the physical education program it gives information about the fitness status of learners. It serves as a guide to determine the possible P.E. activities suited to learners’ needs to develop and expand their fitness level.

On the other hand (Erisen, 2014) as cited by Tan (2018) not only meeting the standards but to teaching beyond the standards and more deeply to meet the goal of educating both teacher quality and significant student learning that hints at a healthy enhancing lifestyle (Ward, 2013). The core of physical education is to develop competencies, skills, and knowledge in body movement. Hence, the teacher competencies are measured based on the skills of students being evaluated such as measuring how far, how fast, or how many skills the student can perform. (Dumdumaya, 2016) stressed that highly qualified and competent teachers are more likely to produce and develop highly skilled students.

State-mandated academic achievement testing has had the unintended consequence of reducing opportunities for children to be physically active during the school day and beyond. (Maher, 2016). In addition to shifting time in school away from physical education to allow for more time on academic subjects, some children are withheld from physical education classes or recess to participate in remedial or enriched learning experiences designed to increase academic performance. Durst, (2014). Physical activity directly affects the cognitive processes – excitation and increased secretion of neurons increase the child’s confidence and affect his/her mental activity in physical education subject (Trudeau & Shephard, 2010).

Looking for ways to increase the effectiveness of physical education in college, some authors prefer sports-oriented physical education (Lubysheva 2012; Gråstén, 2015; Ulstad, 2016.). Conversion-like diffusion of Botagariyev, (2016) sports culture elements into the physical education promotes physical training of learners. This change in the school physical education methodology results in the improvement of physical fitness indicators, which is appropriate for the sports training level (Capel, 2016; Gordiyash, 2018).

Yet little evidence supports the notion that more time allocated to the subject matter will translate into better test scores. Indeed, 11 of 14 correlational studies of physical activity during the school day prove a positive relationship to physical performance (Rasberry et al., 2017). Overall, a rapidly growing body of work suggests that time spent engaged in physical activity is related not only to a healthier body but also to a better mind (Hillman et al., 2018).

Basch (2010) conducted a comprehensive review of how youths’ health and health gaps influence physical performance and learning. The author’s report draws on empirical proof suggesting that education reform will be ineffective unless learner’s health is made a priority. Basch concludes that schools may be the only place where health imbalances can be addressed and that, if learner’s basic health needs are not met, they will struggle to learn regardless of the usefulness of the instructional tools used. More recently, Efrat (2011) conducted a review of physical activity, fitness, and physical performance to examine the reaching gap. He discovered that positive relationships between physical activity and physical fitness tests in physical education performance have been found among students (Chih and Chen, 2011).

Physical fitness levels have a direct correlation with obesity, higher body mass index, and a strong correlation to health risks in adult life such as heart disease, Type II diabetes, musculoskeletal difficulties, high blood pressure, and cancer (Corbin & Pangrazi, 2018; U.S. Surgeon General, 2016; Philanthropic, 2017). Research has shown that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol can be lowered in learners with sports participation, training, and regular physical activity, which can lead to health benefits as adults (Hager, Tucker, & Seljaas, 2011). A high percentage of body fat can contribute to psychosocial risks, cardiovascular risks, liver disease, asthma, sleep apnea, and Type II diabetes among children and adolescents (Datar & Strum, 2014; Dietz, 2018; Luder, Melnik, & Dimaio, 2018; Mallory, Fiser, & Jackson, 2019; Swartz & Puhl, 2015; U.S. Department, 2017). Once a person is overweight or obese, physical activity is less enjoyable and it is more difficult. Physical inactivity is a well-known cause of overweight and obesity in children, adolescents, and adults (Welk & Blair, 2018).

Health-related physical fitness includes cardio-respiratory endurance, muscular strength and endurance, body composition, and flexibility (Haapala et al., 2014) these characteristics are often referred to as health-related components (Contreras et al., 2018), and are associated with disease prevention and health promotion.

Several studies have drawn attention to increases in physical inactive (Santana, 2016) and declines in aerobic fitness (Tomkinson et al., 2013) in school children. The implications of decreasing fitness levels in children are considerable. Children are losing the metabolic effects of fitness that might protect them from excessive weight gain as well as other metabolic ill-health risk factors (Stratton et al., 2017). The risks of poor fitness and obesity are cumulative and may be carried from childhood to adulthood (Eriksson et al., 2003). This situation is extremely worrying for future public health. Given that fitness is an important component of metabolic health (Eisenmann et al., 2015) and a strong independent predictor of premature death (Blair et al., 2016), examining the fitness levels of children could be useful for stimulating interventions to improve fitness among children. Physical fitness is not just a help to sports and physical education, it is also a major factor in leading a happier and fuller life (Rudolf et al., 2001; Grund et al., 2011). For the individual child, being fit can help to develop a positive attitude enabling the child to achieve a self-awareness of their physical state and thus become more motivated to maintain or improve their fitness (Wright et al., 2017).

Controversy has arisen as to what the components of physical fitness are, and this led to the grouping of physical fitness into health-related fitness and skill-related physical fitness. Health-related fitness focuses mainly on the optimum health of the individual. The five major components of health-related fitness are cardiorespiratory endurance, body composition, muscular strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility.

Daily physical activity in general has been declining over the last few decades. Children and adults alike are spending less time outdoors working and playing, and more time indoors viewing television and playing video games. The movement to a more sedentary life is the result of business and industry’s progression away from agriculture, and innovations in technology. This development to a more inactive lifestyle is no exception in schools as physical education increased practical accountability and improved the physical education programs, as well as extracurricular sports offerings in the public schools. Many students once received much of their physical activity in conjunction with their school. Currently, many of those opportunities are unavailable, and many students do not take the initiative to participate in physical activity on their own.

Skill-related physical fitness concepts are an important part of an individual development. Not only are they important for the total health of the future adult, but they also serve as key determinants in athletic success. However, many physical educators and coaches say it the important to determine whether any teaching or coaching instruction is improving skill-related health concepts. According to Hilgers (2016), “an estimated 41 million teenagers are playing competitive sports” In nearly every sport there has been a significant increase in the past 10 to 20 years. With this particular increase in sports and athletic competition, many parents are interested in helping their child become an elite athlete and experience success in a specific sport. However, although a focus on one sport is common, this may not be the best method for evolving an elite athlete. Instead, research recommends that the best development is acquired through participation in a diversity of sports during early adolescence where an emphasis is on enjoyment as a key component (Côtê, 1999) as cited by (Rosalejos, 2018). Balyi and Hamilton (2014) report that “scientific research has determined that it takes 8 to 12 years of working out for a capable player/athlete to reach elite levels. This is called the 10-year or 10,000-hour rule and translates to more than three hours of exercise every day for 10 years”. Athletes familiar with these findings may attempt to begin intentionally practicing as early as possible believing that practicing sooner will equal an earlier, best-level ability. Unfortunately, such actions fail to consider factors such as inspiration, burnout, or other personal interests.

According to the National Association for Sport and Physical Education (NASPE), physical educators should be trying to impart performances in their students that will promote life-long physical activity which will help fight the obesity rampant. One way that NASPE suggests that physical educators assess students’ skills-related physical fitness test levels and work to improve those skill levels. If students can become more skilled at specific sports then they will be more inclined to participate in physical activity outside of class time (Mason, 2013). Balyi and Hamilton (2014) suggest certain “windows of opportunity” that children possess at certain age levels. The first window is one of “accelerated adaptation to speed” which occurs in girls and boys between the ages of 6-8 and 7-9 respectively. This is the optimal time for them to develop agility, quickness, and change of direction which applies to many sports and activities. A second window of opportunity occurs during the preadolescent years that highlight speed and explosive strength, or power (Lloyd, 2012). These windows of opportunity are very crucial times for children to develop these physical skills. Lloyd and Oliver (2012) point out that not utilizing these critical opportunities may limit the development of the athlete and may lead to a decreased full potential.

To address the goals of NASPE and develop specific skills that will ultimately reduce obesity, the long-term athlete development (LTAD) model should be encouraged (Mason,2009). Long-term athlete development breaks down a person’s lifespan into six categories and specifies how, what, and when to train/develop in those particular stages. The present article focuses on the early levels of development and training, such that could be found in an elementary physical education class setting. These stages of development should span grades one through six and focus on skill-related concepts.

Skill-related health concepts are the underlying skills that are needed in sports competitions and include speed, agility, power, coordination, and reaction time. Skills such as these are not only important for use in sports, but they are also very beneficial in everyday life. Helping students feel more confident in playing a variety of recreational sports will in turn make them more likely to be physically active (Mason, 2019). Many adults are approached with the opportunity to participate in recreational activities, and if they had already developed these skills they would be much more likely to participate and enjoy the activity (Balyi, 2014). These skills-related components provide a foundation of basic movement principles.

Physical Education teachers must utilize these so-called “windows of opportunity” if their students are to develop these skills-related fitness components that can be used throughout their lives to help them enjoy different types of physical activity through competitive and recreational sports.

Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), the maximum rate at which oxygen can be consumed, is a commonly used measure of cardiorespiratory (or aerobic) fitness. It is also called maximal oxygen uptake or aerobic capacity and indicates the maximum capacity of a single body to transport oxygen during exercise. VO2 max is expressed in terms of milliliters of oxygen consumed per kilogram of body weight per minute. Various predictive tests have been devised to evaluate aerobic fitness, which includes performance-related measures, such as the progressive shuttle test and the Cooper 12-minute walk/run test. The conclusion has been reported to be the best predictor of VO2 max.

VO2 max is also known to be a strong and independent predictor of cardiovascular disease and death, providing reproducible documents. A longitudinal study by Grant et al. (2014) indicated that VO2 max is one of only three factors, excluding age and co-morbidity, able to predict future reliance in the elderly. VO2max has been widely used as a predictor of survival and performance in a variety of clinical and athletic populations. Conventional methods of measuring physical fitness, such as VO2 max, are expensive, time-consuming, and require specialized methods. Although many studies use a memory-based survey as an alternative pointer of fitness, recall bias is a known complication.

Knowledge of resting metabolic rate (RMR) is important in clinical applications for suitable dietary support and determining caloric needs for energy balance and weight management. For measurements of RMR to be optimally useful, healthcare experts need to have confidence in the accuracy of the measurement and knowledge of the variability in repeated measures. Regardless of whether measured RMR is being used in clinical or nonclinical situations, healthcare professionals must be aware of the inherent variability in repeated tests to allow for appropriate interpretation and application. This is becoming increasingly important as technological advances make measurements more accessible. Thus, measurement conditions are likely to deviate from the current standard methods. Specifically, measurements may be scheduled throughout the day. It is important to understand how measurements taken throughout the day vary and to quantify the differences in metabolic rate measured under less stringent conditions.

The professional literature and reports from government organizations have demonstrated an interest in physical activity, the consequences of obesity, and trends in fitness testing regarding learners. The connection between body composition, especially body fat percentage, and physical fitness levels of learners has not been examined in detail. Studies concerning the relationship between physical fitness and performance are few; therefore, more research is needed.

Measuring student fitness levels on various components such as aerobic capacity, body composition, flexibility, and muscular strength and endurance is valuable, as fitness testing helps students and teachers understand the benefits of preserving a healthy and active lifestyle. The quantity data is also important as one considers the negative effects of excess weight and body fat that can occur in early adulthood. Fitness report cards can serve as an informational tool for students, parents, and physical educators to discuss how to integrate physical activity into everyday life. As students accept accountability for personal health and become fundamentally motivated to be physically active, the impact can be transferred to parents and siblings to adopt a healthy family lifestyle as a whole.

Essay on Health and Physical Education

This essay presents a summary of the review of foreign and local related literature and studies. The variables that are discussed in this essay include physical fitness as viewed by educators and researchers. To collect information on each of these topics, the researcher used educational research databases and journal databases with keyword searches including “fitness performance,” “physical fitness,” “physical activity,” and “physical fitness test.” This essay also includes a review of information on health-related fitness; and skill-related fitness. Furthermore, this essay also contains a review of related foreign a local pieces of literature and studies.

Fitness performance is extremely beneficial to health; it has several health-related benefits for individuals. There has been much interest in studies on the potential benefits of physical activity for the development of cognitive abilities over the last several years, strongly recommending physical activity as an effective instrument for building psychological well-being, in the provisions of CMO 59, series of 1996 for the General Education, CMO 54, series of 2007 for the Professional Education courses and CMO 23, series of 2011 for the Bachelor of Physical Education. It allows maximum opportunity for students to pursue various combinations of courses in teaching, coaching, programming, and administration, and within their particular areas of interest.

Physical fitness is vital for good health and active life. The total development of an individual should be ranked in terms of physical, mental, emotional, social, and health through a broad physical fitness program. The students can only function at the uttermost of their performance when the body is vigorous and durable. Thus, the students need to measure and evaluate their physical fitness status for their benefit and their improvement.

A study conducted by R. Giron (2017) determines and analyzes the physical fitness status of students in physical education. Two hundred students of PE classes were selected in his study the physical fitness status of the participants was generally “impressive” based on the CHED Norm of Physical Fitness. The average set by the groups of students was generally equivalent to or higher than the CHED standards. This means that the PE students could come across or even surpass CHED standards.

On one hand, teachers are presently facing the difficulty of competencies as to how they must be taught in the 12th century to meet the standard in teaching physical education. Every teacher has to develop and focus on the competencies or attributes of an educational system for them to achieve a high degree, A Physical Fitness Test is a necessary activity in the physical education program it gives information about the fitness status of learners. It serves as a guide to determine the possible P.E. activities suited to learners’ needs to develop and expand their fitness level.

On the other hand (Erisen, 2014) as cited by Tan (2018) not only meeting the standards but to teaching beyond the standards and more deeply to meet the goal of educating both teacher quality and significant student learning that hints at a healthy enhancing lifestyle (Ward, 2013). The core of physical education is to develop competencies, skills, and knowledge in body movement. Hence, the teacher competencies are measured based on the skills of students being evaluated such as measuring how far, how fast, or how many skills the student can perform. (Dumdumaya, 2016) stressed that highly qualified and competent teachers are more likely to produce and develop highly skilled students.

State-mandated academic achievement testing has had the unintended consequence of reducing opportunities for children to be physically active during the school day and beyond. (Maher, 2016). In addition to shifting time in school away from physical education to allow for more time on academic subjects, some children are withheld from physical education classes or recess to participate in remedial or enriched learning experiences designed to increase academic performance. Durst, (2014). Physical activity directly affects the cognitive processes – excitation and increased secretion of neurons increase the child’s confidence and affect his/her mental activity in physical education subject (Trudeau & Shephard, 2010).

Looking for ways to increase the effectiveness of physical education in college, some authors prefer sports-oriented physical education (Lubysheva 2012; Gråstén, 2015; Ulstad, 2016.). Conversion-like diffusion of Botagariyev, (2016) sports culture elements into the physical education promotes physical training of learners. This change in the school physical education methodology results in the improvement of physical fitness indicators, which is appropriate for the sports training level (Capel, 2016; Gordiyash, 2018).

Yet little evidence supports the notion that more time allocated to the subject matter will translate into better test scores. Indeed, 11 of 14 correlational studies of physical activity during the school day prove a positive relationship to physical performance (Rasberry et al., 2017). Overall, a rapidly growing body of work suggests that time spent engaged in physical activity is related not only to a healthier body but also to a better mind (Hillman et al., 2018).

Basch (2010) conducted a comprehensive review of how youths’ health and health gaps influence physical performance and learning. The author’s report draws on empirical proof suggesting that education reform will be ineffective unless learner’s health is made a priority. Basch concludes that schools may be the only place where health imbalances can be addressed and that, if learner’s basic health needs are not met, they will struggle to learn regardless of the usefulness of the instructional tools used. More recently, Efrat (2011) conducted a review of physical activity, fitness, and physical performance to examine the reaching gap. He discovered that positive relationships between physical activity and physical fitness tests in physical education performance have been found among students (Chih and Chen, 2011).

Physical fitness levels have a direct correlation with obesity, higher body mass index, and a strong correlation to health risks in adult life such as heart disease, Type II diabetes, musculoskeletal difficulties, high blood pressure, and cancer (Corbin & Pangrazi, 2018; U.S. Surgeon General, 2016; Philanthropic, 2017). Research has shown that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol can be lowered in learners with sports participation, training, and regular physical activity, which can lead to health benefits as adults (Hager, Tucker, & Seljaas, 2011). A high percentage of body fat can contribute to psychosocial risks, cardiovascular risks, liver disease, asthma, sleep apnea, and Type II diabetes among children and adolescents (Datar & Strum, 2014; Dietz, 2018; Luder, Melnik, & Dimaio, 2018; Mallory, Fiser, & Jackson, 2019; Swartz & Puhl, 2015; U.S. Department, 2017). Once a person is overweight or obese, physical activity is less enjoyable and it is more difficult. Physical inactivity is a well-known cause of overweight and obesity in children, adolescents, and adults (Welk & Blair, 2018).

Health-related physical fitness includes cardio-respiratory endurance, muscular strength and endurance, body composition, and flexibility (Haapala et al., 2014) these characteristics are often referred to as health-related components (Contreras et al., 2018), and are associated with disease prevention and health promotion.

Several studies have drawn attention to increases in physical inactive (Santana, 2016) and declines in aerobic fitness (Tomkinson et al., 2013) in school children. The implications of decreasing fitness levels in children are considerable. Children are losing the metabolic effects of fitness that might protect them from excessive weight gain as well as other metabolic ill-health risk factors (Stratton et al., 2017). The risks of poor fitness and obesity are cumulative and may be carried from childhood to adulthood (Eriksson et al., 2003). This situation is extremely worrying for future public health. Given that fitness is an important component of metabolic health (Eisenmann et al., 2015) and a strong independent predictor of premature death (Blair et al., 2016), examining the fitness levels of children could be useful for stimulating interventions to improve fitness among children. Physical fitness is not just a help to sports and physical education, it is also a major factor in leading a happier and fuller life (Rudolf et al., 2001; Grund et al., 2011). For the individual child, being fit can help to develop a positive attitude enabling the child to achieve a self-awareness of their physical state and thus become more motivated to maintain or improve their fitness (Wright et al., 2017).

Controversy has arisen as to what the components of physical fitness are, and this led to the grouping of physical fitness into health-related fitness and skill-related physical fitness. Health-related fitness focuses mainly on the optimum health of the individual. The five major components of health-related fitness are cardiorespiratory endurance, body composition, muscular strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility.

Daily physical activity in general has been declining over the last few decades. Children and adults alike are spending less time outdoors working and playing, and more time indoors viewing television and playing video games. The movement to a more sedentary life is the result of business and industry’s progression away from agriculture, and innovations in technology. This development to a more inactive lifestyle is no exception in schools as physical education increased practical accountability and improved the physical education programs, as well as extracurricular sports offerings in the public schools. Many students once received much of their physical activity in conjunction with their school. Currently, many of those opportunities are unavailable, and many students do not take the initiative to participate in physical activity on their own.

Skill-related physical fitness concepts are an important part of an individual development. Not only are they important for the total health of the future adult, but they also serve as key determinants in athletic success. However, many physical educators and coaches say it the important to determine whether any teaching or coaching instruction is improving skill-related health concepts. According to Hilgers (2016), “an estimated 41 million teenagers are playing competitive sports” In nearly every sport there has been a significant increase in the past 10 to 20 years. With this particular increase in sports and athletic competition, many parents are interested in helping their child become an elite athlete and experience success in a specific sport. However, although a focus on one sport is common, this may not be the best method for evolving an elite athlete. Instead, research recommends that the best development is acquired through participation in a diversity of sports during early adolescence where an emphasis is on enjoyment as a key component (Côtê, 1999) as cited by (Rosalejos, 2018). Balyi and Hamilton (2014) report that “scientific research has determined that it takes 8 to 12 years of working out for a capable player/athlete to reach elite levels. This is called the 10-year or 10,000-hour rule and translates to more than three hours of exercise every day for 10 years”. Athletes familiar with these findings may attempt to begin intentionally practicing as early as possible believing that practicing sooner will equal an earlier, best-level ability. Unfortunately, such actions fail to consider factors such as inspiration, burnout, or other personal interests.

According to the National Association for Sport and Physical Education (NASPE), physical educators should be trying to impart performances in their students that will promote life-long physical activity which will help fight the obesity rampant. One way that NASPE suggests that physical educators assess students’ skills-related physical fitness test levels and work to improve those skill levels. If students can become more skilled at specific sports then they will be more inclined to participate in physical activity outside of class time (Mason, 2013). Balyi and Hamilton (2014) suggest certain “windows of opportunity” that children possess at certain age levels. The first window is one of “accelerated adaptation to speed” which occurs in girls and boys between the ages of 6-8 and 7-9 respectively. This is the optimal time for them to develop agility, quickness, and change of direction which applies to many sports and activities. A second window of opportunity occurs during the preadolescent years that highlight speed and explosive strength, or power (Lloyd, 2012). These windows of opportunity are very crucial times for children to develop these physical skills. Lloyd and Oliver (2012) point out that not utilizing these critical opportunities may limit the development of the athlete and may lead to a decreased full potential.

To address the goals of NASPE and develop specific skills that will ultimately reduce obesity, the long-term athlete development (LTAD) model should be encouraged (Mason,2009). Long-term athlete development breaks down a person’s lifespan into six categories and specifies how, what, and when to train/develop in those particular stages. The present article focuses on the early levels of development and training, such that could be found in an elementary physical education class setting. These stages of development should span grades one through six and focus on skill-related concepts.

Skill-related health concepts are the underlying skills that are needed in sports competitions and include speed, agility, power, coordination, and reaction time. Skills such as these are not only important for use in sports, but they are also very beneficial in everyday life. Helping students feel more confident in playing a variety of recreational sports will in turn make them more likely to be physically active (Mason, 2019). Many adults are approached with the opportunity to participate in recreational activities, and if they had already developed these skills they would be much more likely to participate and enjoy the activity (Balyi, 2014). These skills-related components provide a foundation of basic movement principles.

Physical Education teachers must utilize these so-called “windows of opportunity” if their students are to develop these skills-related fitness components that can be used throughout their lives to help them enjoy different types of physical activity through competitive and recreational sports.

Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), the maximum rate at which oxygen can be consumed, is a commonly used measure of cardiorespiratory (or aerobic) fitness. It is also called maximal oxygen uptake or aerobic capacity and indicates the maximum capacity of a single body to transport oxygen during exercise. VO2 max is expressed in terms of milliliters of oxygen consumed per kilogram of body weight per minute. Various predictive tests have been devised to evaluate aerobic fitness, which includes performance-related measures, such as the progressive shuttle test and the Cooper 12-minute walk/run test. The conclusion has been reported to be the best predictor of VO2 max.

VO2 max is also known to be a strong and independent predictor of cardiovascular disease and death, providing reproducible documents. A longitudinal study by Grant et al. (2014) indicated that VO2 max is one of only three factors, excluding age and co-morbidity, able to predict future reliance in the elderly. VO2max has been widely used as a predictor of survival and performance in a variety of clinical and athletic populations. Conventional methods of measuring physical fitness, such as VO2 max, are expensive, time-consuming, and require specialized methods. Although many studies use a memory-based survey as an alternative pointer of fitness, recall bias is a known complication.

Knowledge of resting metabolic rate (RMR) is important in clinical applications for suitable dietary support and determining caloric needs for energy balance and weight management. For measurements of RMR to be optimally useful, healthcare experts need to have confidence in the accuracy of the measurement and knowledge of the variability in repeated measures. Regardless of whether measured RMR is being used in clinical or nonclinical situations, healthcare professionals must be aware of the inherent variability in repeated tests to allow for appropriate interpretation and application. This is becoming increasingly important as technological advances make measurements more accessible. Thus, measurement conditions are likely to deviate from the current standard methods. Specifically, measurements may be scheduled throughout the day. It is important to understand how measurements taken throughout the day vary and to quantify the differences in metabolic rate measured under less stringent conditions.

The professional literature and reports from government organizations have demonstrated an interest in physical activity, the consequences of obesity, and trends in fitness testing regarding learners. The connection between body composition, especially body fat percentage, and physical fitness levels of learners has not been examined in detail. Studies concerning the relationship between physical fitness and performance are few; therefore, more research is needed.

Measuring student fitness levels on various components such as aerobic capacity, body composition, flexibility, and muscular strength and endurance is valuable, as fitness testing helps students and teachers understand the benefits of preserving a healthy and active lifestyle. The quantity data is also important as one considers the negative effects of excess weight and body fat that can occur in early adulthood. Fitness report cards can serve as an informational tool for students, parents, and physical educators to discuss how to integrate physical activity into everyday life. As students accept accountability for personal health and become fundamentally motivated to be physically active, the impact can be transferred to parents and siblings to adopt a healthy family lifestyle as a whole.

The Development of a Web Portal Solution for Jupiter Fitness Center

Executive Summary

Conclusion

A research on Jupiter Fitness Center revealed the opportunity for implementing a corporate portal solution that will satisfy the needs of customers as well as the organization. Corporate portal is a suitable solution to integrate different business processes into a single interface, improving the communication between customers, employees, and suppliers.

Business Opportunity

The portal will provide the customers of the company more value for the services received, which is expected to contribute to their retention and give the company a competitive advantage. Such advantage can be represented through improved cash flow and increased revenues, and an opportunity for expanding the business.

Business Environment

The industry of fitness center has an enormous potential and it experiences growth in the last decade. The environment is competitive on the national and the regional level which implies searching for a competitive advantage to retain customers. There is a need to analyze the trends current in the exercise industry to maintain clients.

Solutions

The solution identified is to develop a web portal that will provide the opportunity for customers to personalize their membership, manage their membership transactions, receive diet consultation, and purchase fitness supplements online. The portal will also integrate the accounting processes managed by the company.

Analysis

Cost

The costs of developing a web portal can be divided between several aspects. First of all, there are the costs of technology. Such costs will include the costs of the hardware, i.e. a web server, personal computers (the number is dependent on the number of employees needed), and network infrastructure. The costs of the software should be added to the latter, including an operating system, and server management software.

The use of an open-source software might reduce the costs of implementation, but likely to increase the costs of training personnel. Broadband connection to the internet is also required (Abdul, 2009). The costs of the consultancy and technological development can be integrated into a single team, who will work on the, identifying the requirements and developing the website (Abdul, 2009).

Accordingly, the costs of training personnel to sue the new portal might be added to the expenditures of development, which will depend on the types of software used. In that regard, such training might occur simultaneously with the testing of the portal (Abdul, 2009).

Schedule

The development will take a period of 13 weeks or 89 days, which will be divided in accordance to the established tasks and their durations. The tasks involved in the development of a web portal are composed of the following:

  • Identifying needs and objectives.
  • Interpreting objectives into the main functions of the website.
  • Designing the layout of the project and identifying the requirements.
  • Developing the website.
  • Testing and training of personnel.
  • Improvements and modifications.
  • Launching the portal.

The schedule of implementation and durations can be seen through Table 1.

Best Solution

A corporate portal can be seen as a suitable solution that will provide an organization an integrated approach toward managing their activities. In that regard, a portal can be seen as an approach which is sufficiently flexible and at the same time scalable to address any needs of the organization. An initial investigation of the Jupiter Fitness Center, located in Jupiter, Florida, outlined several needs , all of which can be targeted through the development of a simple, yet professional portal that will provide the company a competitive advantage and retain their customers. A portal will influence the way company collaborate with employees, customers, and suppliers (Terra, n.d.).

According to the priority put in each type of communication the portal will be developed and operated. In that regard, the decision to implement a corporate portal can be seen as a strategic decision that will allow the company to leverage its capabilities and integrate their processes into a single infrastructure that can be expanded and replicated (Terra, n.d.).

Interest to Students

The integration of internet can be apparent in every aspect of our lives, and business is no different in that matter. The portal solution can be seen interesting as it provides a good alternative to the network infrastructure, integrating several processes into a single interface. Thus, depending to permission provided to a group of users, e.g. employees, customers, or suppliers, different options will be available all of which can be managed for a single point of entry. At the same time portals is a good knowledge management tool. Currently, employers try to integrate social network capabilities into the workplace, so information exchange which occurs within such medium remain within the company.

Portals, in that regard, is a good alternative, where transactions, employees activities, employees services, and others, all remain within one place. A good example, specific to the business cases provided within this report, i.e. a fitness center, can be seen through a scenario in which diet consultation is provided to the members of the center, with all information being based on the expertise and the knowledge of the instructor. The termination of the contract of the instructor will imply losing such information, and spending time and efforts for the new instructor to learn about customers. With portal such cases are avoided.

Work

An extensive research was conducted, specifically to identify a sphere of business in which a problem might exist, and which can be resolved through an Information Technology (IT) solution. The criteria were a small company in the sphere of services. The fitness center was identified as a field in which IT solutions have not been integrated to a full extent, where Jupiter Fitness Center was chosen because of the website’s poor capabilities, i.e. it served merely for marketing purposes. Thus, a research was followed on corporate portals and the fitness industry according to which the needs of the company and the capabilities of portals were identified.

Comprehensive Solution

Problem

Jupiter Fitness Center, is a family gym located Jupiter, Florida (Jupiter Fitness Center, 2011). The center has a simple website, through which the visitors can obtain information on the gym, its contacts, directions, and equipment. The company’s website main aim is attracting new customers, while none of the information on the website is used to retain existing customers and provide them with other advantages through internet.

The company has the potential to expand the gym into other areas through opening a chain, an opportunity, which, if utilized, might need a reconsideration of the company’s information system. The current implementation of the company’s information can be assumed to be reflected through the company’s website and separate applications for managing accounting and users’ memberships. Additionally, the company plans to open an e- shop which is currently under construction.

Considering the capabilities of the website, it might be assumed that shop will operate as a showcase for the gym’s inventory, indicating the specifications of the goods, while the purchase process will be processed offline. Thus, there is an opportunity for Jupiter Fitness Center to enhance its operations, gain an advantage over competitors, providing more value to retain members, members, and integrate the processes of the organization, which will accordingly provide a foundation for future expansion.

Business Background

The prevalence of obesity as a problem in the United States implies that the trends of exercising will not lose demand or popularity. In that regard, the demand for fitness centers is still experiencing growth; see Fig.1 (Center for Economic Vitality, 2010). It should be noted that the growth in the number of centers lead to a competition between the participants of the industry. Taking such aspect to Jupiter, Florida, the number of fitness centers surpasses 82 (Health Club Directory, 2011).

Those are only listed online on a single website, where it is expected that their number is much more. Among the challenges identified for industry there is the fact that approximately “35 to 40 percent of clients do not renew their gym membership each year” (Center for Economic Vitality, 2010). For a gym of 20,000 square feet size, such as Jupiter, it is expected to have about 2400 members, considering that a typical 25,000 square feet gym has 3,000 members (Center for Economic Vitality, 2010).

Thus, according to such statistic, the company has to find at least 850 new members each year, which requires spending significant time and energy. In light of increased competition, retaining the existing members will be a feasible option, through providing them with extra benefits for their money. One of exercise trends can be seen through providing diet counseling, which can be seen as one of the value adding activities that might provide benefits to customers.

The solution proposed in this report is through integrating the following business functions into a single portal-like webpage. The portal will have the following functions:

  • Personalized diet Program, which will provide diet suggestions based on entered information.
  • Personalization options for members, i.e. renewing membership, changing membership plan, making an appointment with the instructor, etc. The latter will include managing electronic transactions, providing the opportunity to sign-up with the club online.
  • E-shop which will provide the possibility for purchasing supplements online, integrating with a delivery service that will deliver the goods. The option will not be restricted to the members of the club, allowing the e-commerce section of the company to operate independently.
  • Calendar and reminders of scheduled training integrated into popular social services, e.g. twitter, Facebook, etc.
  • Integrating accounting software into the portal.

Alternate Solutions

The alternatives that might exist to increase the efficiency of integrating information technology solution can e seen through manual labor. The company can provide diet counseling in the gym, which considering the number of club members, might require extra staff to manage such task. The same can be seen through selling fitness supplements on site, while being promoted online. In such case, the alternative will be only feasible when the demand is low, eliminating the need for the center to be concerned about inventory, and managing suppliers. The company’s attempt at retaining their existing members can be seen through having a group on the social networking website Facebook. The number of members participating in the group and the dates on the discussion parts indicates that such group serves merely as an announcement board and an alternative for newsletters.

Cost-Benefit Analysis

The benefits that the proposed solution will provide can be seen through retaining the existing members of the gym, and saving the costs, the time, and the efforts, that will be sued to attract new customers. Additionally, the e-shop of the portal will allow increasing the revenue of the company through differentiating the processes of the company. In that regard, as of 2008, the fitness supplements are a $2.7 billion industry, which in the case of Jupiter Gym has an established clientele (ROOSEVELT, 2010).

Additionally, the integration of the main process in the organization will allow increasing the efficiency of managing the finances of the organization, and saving the cost of the personnel. Accordingly, the implementation of the portal can be seen as a knowledge management initiative which will allow reducing the impacts of employees’ turnover. All of the latter can be summarized through improved cash flow and increased revenue for the company. The costs are represented through the costs of development and the personnel that will manage and update the portal. Being considered as long-term investment, it is expected that the investment will occupy itself in a period of two years.

Tables and Graphs

The expectations for Growth.
Fig. 1- The expectations for Growth.
The Duration of Tasks and the Project.
Table 1 –The Duration of Tasks and the Project.

Bibliography

Abdul, R. (2009). Feasibility Study for your new eCommerce Web Site. E-commerce Expert. Web.

Center for Economic Vitality. (2010). Fitness Centers: A Guide for Business Owners. Center for Economic Vitality. Web.

Health Club Directory. (2011). Health Clubs, Fitness Centers & Gyms | Jupiter, FL. HealthClubDirectory. Web.

Jupiter Fitness Center. (2011). Jupiter Fitness Center – Homepage. Jupiter Fitness Center. Web.

ROOSEVELT, M. (2010). When the Gym Isn’t Enough. The New York Times. Web.

Terra, J. C. (n.d.). Developing a Business Case for Corporate Portals. Terra Forum. Web.