Category: Family

Eco-tourism is a rising form of tourism that is aimed at preserving the environment from the harmful impact of regular tourists. Eco-tourism involves the promotion of wildlife conservation and encourages visiting naturally untouched places. However, many scientists consider eco-tourism as the one causing a detrimental impact on wildlife.

Firstly, as much as eco-activists say that eco-tourism is beneficial for the wilderness, many studies prove otherwise. The researchers claim that disturbing never-before touched wilderness may be a significant threat to the fauna and wildlife (Putois 2016). Subsequent to assessing animals behavior, it was discovered that they act more indifferent to the surrounding events after communicating with humans, which poses a significant threat of predation. The disturbance of natural habitat by humans can also lead to habitat fragmentation, which will disarrange all wildlife and could potentially lead to the loss of individual species. The delicate nature system does not handle outside interruption and external elements well; minimal interference may cause harmful consequences for the species living there. Some examples of the detrimental impact of human disruption are the scare of prey and disruption of hunting patterns, soil erosion, etc. Therefore, wildlife suffers from eco-tourism more than benefits from it.

Local people that have lived nearby the untouched wilderness for centuries suffer from eco-tourism as well. More than 8 billion people visit protected wildlife areas every year (Putois 2016). Many tourism companies claiming to provide eco-touristic activities usually do not discuss it with residents who rarely support such invasion in their community. In some cases, local residents are forced to be relocated and leave their homes for hotels and recreational buildings to be built in that place. Such a model of behavior is not ecologically friendly in any way. An example of such an invasion happened in East Africa, where native residents (Maasais) were forced out of their land illegally, with no material compensation for the creation of the so-called national parks and recreational facilities.

In conclusion, even though eco-tourists follow only good intentions while going on such trips, they are usually unaware of what consequences their visits may cause. The detrimental impact of eco-tourism on wildlife is already scientifically proved, and cases of relocation of native citizens have been shown in numerous media. Therefore, before going on such an eco-friendly trip, one must consider all the benefits and their detrimental effects.

Work Cited

Putois, Anissa. The Downside of Ecotourism: What Happens When Humans Interact with Animals. One Green Planet, One Green Planet, 2016. Web.

The Panama Canal is an artificial watercourse that forms the link between the North and South America via the Central American isthmus. The estimated length of the canal is 80.45km (Du Temple, 2003, p.4).The presence of the watercourse allows the ocean waters to pass through from either sides of Pacific or Atlantic. The birth of idea of constructing the canal is traced back to 16^th Century (Crawford-Adiletta & Demand Media, 2010, ¶3). This was accredited to Vasco de Balbao after his voyage through the isthmus. Though narrow, the vessels used the canal in 1914 (Crawford-Adiletta & Demand Media, 2010, ¶2). The Panama Republic has autonomy over the canal after accord appended by the President of USA in 1977 (Crawford-Adiletta & Demand Media, 2010, ¶7). Panama republic initiated its official autonomous operations in year 2000. The canals construction work led to loss of tens of thousands of dollars. The whole construction work was estimated to have cost about US$375million. The canal is in tropical ambient with common temperatures of about 26.67°C (Crawford-Adiletta & Demand Media, 2010, ¶5). Within the canal, three noticeable passage gateways for vessels are Gatun, Pedro Miguel and Miraflores. The gateway systems can lift vessels from water as high as 26m (¶4). This canal has been a tourist attraction with guided tours that last hours while others a day. Shorter trips last up to four to five hours (Crawford-Adiletta & Demand Media, 2010, ¶4).

Transit processes via Panama Canal has procedures. First, initial transit should be preceded by prior consent and availing an array of documents. These are forwarded to Panama Canal Authority. These includes International Tonnage and International Load Line Certificates, calculation sheets, capacity and lines plans, funnel and general arrangement plans, displacement and deadweight scale (Fernie & Co. S.A., 2007, ¶.2). A week to arrival of the vessel there should be communication accompanied by declarations. This information helps in ensuring hygiene, quality services on arrival and security. In scheduling transit, rule of passage through the canal prioritizes arrival time of each vessel. In addition, convoys have been limited. The vessel personnel must in their strategic positions as the vessel navigates through the canal, secure the anchor, adjust berthing operations and locations.

According to Alderton (2008) strategies that can be applied in order to minimize the wasting of time within a port facility include having additional berths proportionate to vessels; prolonging the operating time for berths proportionately to cater adequately for vessels and improve the port load capacity (p.110). Panama Canal water passage can be perceived to be like another port system and thus the economic viewpoints of the shipping agencies. In optimizing any port facilities, the manager of the port facility and the client-shipping agency have their ventures tailored with opportunistic viewpoints. That is utilizing the port facility in the most efficient way. The manager would wish to maximize the gains from the port by having more ships using his berth throughout while experiencing the least possible cost in the process (Alderton, 2008, p.107). On the other hand, a shipping agency would wish to be efficient during actual transport missions by avoiding time wasting. The shipping agency screens the transportation cycle from the ship dispatch terminal to the destination while keen on areas that have time delay. This means there should be cooperation between the operator and manager for actual efficiency during the ship terminal operations. This will mean bringing down the cost of operations at the port facility.

In a scenario where a common company owns the shipping agency and the port manager, then the different wings should coordinate and supervise the implementation of efficiency tools (Alderton, 2008, p.107). The timing of the ship entering the port terminal allows sufficient attention from the port personnel. It is also important to note that the shipping wing should schedule the arrival of their vessel in a manner not to overwhelm the port at once and later leave it idle. At times, this can be viewed as a problem of monopoly where the sole operator may strategize to ensure that shipping missions utilize the port to capacity. In situations where the existing schedule has utilized the port to the maximum and still can host more ships, then the overall company may choose from three options. First option is that the company may increase their vessels tally to a number that will optimize the facility. Second option, the company may choose to lease their extra services to external shipping agency. The third option may be to blend conveniently the first and second options. The entry of extra agency may significantly improve the services competitively. With a liberalized access system, there are no shipping agencies to utilize the port privately but instead allow vessels from other agencies hence approaches to solutions can vary.

There are three approaches for vessel berthing which can guide either private or liberalized management systems (Alderton, 2008, p.108). The first approach is the Queuing theory, which makes several assumptions. It assumes that priority is given to the first vessel to arrive. Vessels can arrive simultaneously but randomly and the berthing process allows for one after another (one at time), where they smoothly following each other. The capacity of berth does not exceed more than one, thus long queues at peak should be expected during peak time. Some of these assumptions are a limitation in the contemporary world. Vessels queue at telephone exchanges (Alderton, 2008, p.108). The second approach is simulations through sound. Two types, which include computer or manual applications are involved (Alderton, 2008, p.108). Computer applications are locally customized for port. While in the case of manual application, procedures are relatively cheaper and conventionally understood (Alderton, 2008, p.108). The third approach involves schedule analysis of vessel terminal dispatch and arrival. Use of the more common spreadsheet makes it a cheaper computer approach (Alderton, 2008, p.108). Tradeoffs at the Panama Canal Authority should be established about the three approaches to reduce limitations associated with any of them. The extent of preference of applying any of the approaches vis-à-vis an integrated one would depend on efficiency advantage associated with it.

It is worthy to mention that one vessel policy with regard to arrival time has a limitation in the delay and should be revised. Associated problems include increased emissions during waiting after arrival to the Panama Canal. This translates to environment pollution. In addition, more fuel is consumed thereby extending operations cost for the shipping agent. As much as it is expensive to expand the canal infrastructure to allow more vessels to pass at one moment, policy instruments can also be used to improve the situation. The effectiveness of the policy instruments depends on the cooperation between stakeholders-the government, port operators and shipping agencies as well as revisiting of IMO regulations.

References

Alderton, P. (2008). Port management and operation, (3rd ed.). London: Informa.

Crawford-Adiletta, L. & Demand Media. (2010). Information on the Panama Canal. Web.

Du Temple, L. (2003). The panama canal. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications company.

Fernie & Co. S.A. (2007). Panama Canal Transit information. Web.

Introduction

Peoples lives are interconnected with the overall situation in the country and the world. Some personal events may reflect a more global political and economical state. The state of the economy can influence peoples decisions to marry, have children, buy a house or move to another city. In this paper, an analysis of my timeline compared to the historical events will be presented.

The Year 2001

In 2001, I graduated from high school and married. It was an important stage for me, as I have become an adult person and started my own family. As for global history, the greatest event that happened that year was the terrorist attack that took place on September, 11. This tragedy has changed the lives and mindsets of a large number of American people. According to a survey by Pew Research Center (2016), 76% of Americans felt affected by this event. As Sunaina (2016) puts it, these terror attacks led to major shifts in the lives of Arab communities. For example, in Silicon Valley, where there was an atmosphere of an American dream and multiculturalism was prevailing, islamophobia occurred. The overall mood of people has changed, as people felt that there is a global threat that should be fought. As for the local quantitative data, in 2001 California experienced an electricity crisis, which also made people anxious about their future. Thus, in 2001 people stopped feeling as secure as they did before.

The Year 2003

In 2003, my first child was born, which became one of the most important events in my life. The global situation still was not positive, as the U.S. invaded Iraq and started a war. As for the quantitative data, the budget of California experienced a fall of $38 billion. Thus, the overall situation felt not stable, and we were experiencing the crisis of welcoming a newborn into our family.

The Year 2005

My family bought a new house in 2005, which became the final step for my separation from my parents and becoming an adult person. In 2005, one of the most memorable events was Hurricane Katrina, which devastated New Orlean and the Louisiana Gulf Coast. The disaster had a grave economic impact, as, according to Kirk (2020), more than 70 percent of the houses were severely damaged. Tax analysis revealed that Katrina had an impact on the peoples total income, employment, and marriage. Shortly after the storm, a gap of wage of $2,000 occurred between the New Orlean and the rest of the country (Kirk, 2020). In general, buying a house before the storm felt like luck, because the disaster revealed the fragility of peoples plans. Many people lost their homes, so we cherished our new home even more due to the storm.

The Year 2006

In 2006, I graduated from college and got my first degree. Besides, I have lost my grandmother, which was a mournful event for our family. Globally, the year 2006 was quite calm, and there were no disasters that would make the people feel anxious. The economic situation felt quite appropriate, and I felt that I can become a demanded specialist with the degree that I received in college. The only global event that was memorable was the occurrence of a new disease referred to as the bird flu. People were slightly anxious about the possibility of a pandemic and some were wondering whether they can eat chicken or not. Besides, at the end of the year, Saddam Hussein was executed, which to some extent seemed by many a small victory in the war on terrorism. All in all, this year was relatively calm, and there were no shocking events.

The Year 2008

In 2008, the global economic situation changed abruptly, as the deregulation in the financial industry caused the Great Recession. This recession was the most serious economic meltdown since the times of the Great Depression. It affected many countries of the world, and some countries are still coping with its consequences. In my timeline, this year I lost my grandfather, which was also a depressive event. On the other hand, Barack Obama has become the first Afro-American President of the U.S., which was an important event that demonstrated the growing equality in the society.

Conclusion

All in all, personal recollections, global events, and local quantitative data form the overall mood of people. However, personal events often differ from the situation in the world in their connotation. Nevertheless, the global state of the economy can influence peoples decisions on marriage, buying a house, or delivering a child. In my case, the global situation did not influence my decisions so much, although the mood of anxiety associated with terrorism and war somehow was felt.

References

Center for Continuing Study of California Economy (2007). Where does California rank  2006 update.

Kirk, D. (2020). The wrath of hurricane Katrina, Home Free (pp.18-32), Oxford University Press. Web.

New York Times (2006). U.S. Economy slowed sharply at end of 2005. Web.

Pew Research Center (2016). Americans name the top historic events of their lifetimes. Web.

Sunaina, M. (2016). The 9/11 Generation: Youth, rights, and solidarity in the war on terror. NYU Press.

Appendix A. A personal timeline

Introduction

Lately, hotel management around the world has recognized the critical importance of hotel training. They have ascertained that customers can be retained through effective service more than the attractive prices, which is only possible when staff is trained appropriately.

Strategic and Performance Consulting Approach in Training

Grand resorts and luxury hotel chains like Starwood, Choice Hotels, and Ritz-Carlton, have been concentrating on nurturing a positive organizational culture among the whole staff; employees, administration, and management. They employ trainers to qualify and guide their staff all over the localities of their chains and hotels.

The Starwood group of hotels recently conducted training of 185000 employees to refine their skills in the line of work like public dealing, work relationships, and conflict handling to provide the best possible quality service to customers at their place. Employees learn how to greet guests, respond to customer demand and act in critical situations. Management is guided to communicate effectively through eye contact and assessing the customers body language. Starwood executives identify employees training and development as a major component of competitive success.

At Choice Hotels, role-playing in staff training is a priority. From travelers to businessmen, couples to families, each guest should be satisfied with the likes of a custom-made accommodation. Dealing with a variety of customers proficiently boosts a healthy culture of customer service. This leads to both customer and employee satisfaction.

Ritz-Carlton brought about a unique performance-support system called Mystique to strengthen customer relationship and their active engagement. Their knowledge-management system is maintained by keeping a record of their customers preferences and satisfying even their unexpressed desires through informal observation by employees. What made this a practical reality is a great extent of strategic planning, effective communication, and constant training of employees.

Train-the-trainer conferences were carried out to refine the proficiency of Ritz-Carlton managers. Currently, work details are being incorporated with an understanding of Mystique in their extensive orientation training for the new members of the Ritz Carlton family.

Prospects of Ritz-Carlton Mystique Program

In Organizations training is considered to generate a return on investments. Training helps the business achieve its goals and objectives therefore its evaluation is essential. It could be carried out through methods like cost-benefit analysis, benchmarking, and return on investment. The outcome of training is measured by assessing the cost incurred and benefits obtained by the training process. However, a few benefits cant be graded or qualified, though their careful assessment gives way to return on investment. It could also be evaluated by stepping out of organizational boundaries and employing benchmark measures by comparing the particular standards of performance in the said organization with the best and competitive ones.

Ritz-Carlton turnover rate shrunk and customer satisfaction results climbed the scale each year since the Mystique was conceptualized and put into practice (Timmerman). They have so much as traced and presented their employees remarkable efforts in customer service and measures of their customer commitment, before the expense of it- which attributes to their customer and employee loyalty. Ritz-Carlton deserves to be benchmarked and shore up as a paradigm. (Kalmar)

Works Cited

Kalmar, B. The Ritz-Carlton Mystique. Quality Digest. Web.

Timmerman, J. Values Evolve at the Ritz-Carlton. HOTELS magazine. Web.

I believe that within the next 25 years, the supplying and manufacturing of sport media content will significantly change under the influence of its users and will be strongly focused on consumer interaction. Cable television providers are likely to be replaced with Internet-based and mobile-friendly media sources, as they will offer dynamic commentary of live sport events and allow real-time user feedback and social media communication (Hutchins, 2018). Moreover, content ecosystems will be affected by loyal sport fan communities supplying digital media content, covering professional sport activities, and introducing the elements of the entertainment industry. According to Devlin and Brown-Devlin (2017), individual personality traits will determine sport media consumption. Thus, the providers of the sports content will need to develop the instruments for researching the personalities of viewers to manufacture informative, relevant, and personalized content increasing fan loyalty and engagement.

As a result of the changes, the industry will become more audience-oriented and flexible to meet the needs of consumers. Mobile media supported by information technologies and the Internet will shape the industry and replace the traditional sources of sport content. Key industry players will be responsible not only for live streaming of events but also for the availability of content on various devices, the participation of athletes during social media activities, and data analytics (Hutchins, 2018). Additionally, personalized viewing experience and opportunities for active fan participation will help the industry to attract new consumers developing team identification, or psychological connection to a team (Devlin & Brown-Devlin, 2017, p. 373). Therefore, the industrys principal focus on the performance of athletes might be shifted to the quality of global entertainment and consumer satisfaction with easily accessible and flexible mobile media content.

References

Devlin, M. B., & Brown-Devlin, N. (2017). Using personality and team identity to predict sports media consumption. International Journal of Sport Communication, 10(3), 371392.

Hutchins, B. (2018). Mobile media sport: The case for building communications research agenda. Communication and Sport, 7(4), 466487.

Many people exercise nowadays since this trend has become popular due to the long-standing crisis associated with a sedentary lifestyle among US residents. By living a healthy lifestyle, people often mean regular exercise and a healthy diet. Moreover, scientists note that people most often consider exercise as a hobby or as part of their leisure time (Iso-Ahola, 2017). This paper aims to discuss some medical and social causes of why people exercise.

Most people exercise because they want to be healthy and to stay fit and attractive. At the same time, scientists note that specific incentives most effectively influence starting exercise when people aim to stay fit and healthy. Specifically, Milfont et al. (2017) note that people who are highly anxious about future consequences engage in exercise and healthy eating because they adopt a promotion orientation that reflects the degree to which people tend to achieve positive results (p. 1202).

In other words, when making decisions about starting to exercise, people are most often guided by logical arguments about how much better their life in the future will become if they begin to exercise, including improvements in health, appearance, and well-being. The scientists imply that the focus on the future results and the general direction for the future are universal and do not depend on cultural differences. Therefore, when developing strategies to motivate people to adopt a healthy lifestyle, this information should be considered.

People want to stay healthy by starting exercise, but many people also like enjoying physical activity. Therefore, more and more individuals prefer practicing outdoor or green training. Calogiuri (2017) notes that experiencing nature was generally considered the second most important motive for physical activity, second only to convenience motives, and this was especially important for older people and those who are more involved in instrumental physical activity (p. 377).

According to a study, comfort, a sense of nature, physical health, and communication are common motives for outdoor exercise. Therefore, it is important to understand that green training is an additional motivating factor when deciding to start exercising.

Interestingly, despite the mental decisions and desires to be healthy and look attractive, not all people who begin exercising achieve stability in this practice. Scientists decided to investigate this phenomenon and came to unexpected conclusions. In particular, Iso-Ahola (2017) says that conscious and subconscious processes explain why some people are regular exercisers and others are not.

The scholar emphasizes that beginners, if successful, will progress on a continuum from fully conscious processing and a little exercise (First Stage) to largely nonconscious processing and regular exercise (Third Stage) (p. 1). It means that interconnected conscious and subconscious processes are activated when making decisions to start exercising.

The struggle between these processes is the main reason why some people quit the regular physical activity. Scientists suggest that when analyzing decisions to begin exercising, one should consider temporal and social contexts since, for many people, exercise is part of their leisure time, which also includes the element of adherence or violation of free will. At the same time, regularity is associated with the tendency to follow the law of least effort.

Thus, some medical and social causes of why people exercise were discussed. Scientists believe that people start exercising because they have positive expectations of the future effects of physical activity. Additional motivation for exercise can be the enjoyment of practice in the fresh air, communication, a sense of comfort, and physical health. At the same time, people who make decisions about starting regular exercise activate conscious and subconscious processes, the struggle between which can create obstacles to regular physical activity.

References

Calogiuri, G., & Elliott, L. R. (2017). Why do people exercise in natural environments? Norwegian adults motives for nature-, gym-, and sports-based exercise. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(4), 377.

Iso-Ahola, S. E. (2017). Consciousnonconscious processing explains why some people exercise, but most dont. Journal of Nature and Science, 3(6), e384.

Milfont, T. L., Vilar, R., Araujo, R. C., & Stanley, R. (2017). Does promotion orientation help explain why future-orientated people exercise and eat healthy? Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1202.

There are a number of factors throughout my life that have shaped my understanding of the world and the self. In particular, I think that gender has been an interesting topic to think about and a theme that has given me considerable trouble throughout my life. Gender is a complicated matter to discuss, especially with a variety of perspectives and theories to choose from. Therefore, it has been a difficult process for me to figure out what my own understanding of myself is, or whether I fit into the narrow boxes society has assigned to me. During my youth, I have not given this specific question much thought, taking the social expectations for me for granted and going with the flow. Recently, however, I have begun to increasingly question my own feelings or wonder if I can even call them my own, if I am satisfied with the way I am seen by others. Looking at other people, it seems like figuring out who you are is a simple thing, something you just have to feel, it has been far from easy for me. The topic has allowed me to ponder on other social aspects of life we often take for granted, such as gender roles or expression, which are also often difficult to formulate.

The international practice of tourism has proven that this phenomenon brings a plethora of benefits for both tourists and the places they visit. The scholarly dimension provides enough extent of evidence to discuss the theme from different angles. In particular, the topic of tribal tourism through the lenses of local communities and tourists might be relevant to analyze. Below, this topic will be explored from the perspective of benefits for all the involved parties.

It seems rational to claim that usually, tribes are in lack of various resources  starting from the knowledge and ending with such vital aspects as food or water. When people from civilized countries and regions come to visit them, these tribes are provided with the opportunity to enrich their sources of existence. For example, when individuals come to visit tribes that are in a situation similar to the one described above, they tend to feel emphatic about the mentioned tribes and shed light on the problems faced (Africa Business, 2019; Mack, n.d.; Roy, 2019; Wu et al., 2018). In the modern world of social media and free informational flows, a plethora of related issues can be addressed expediently. Moreover, by communicating and interacting with tourists, natives can become more open to the outside world and accept the benefits that it can give.

Thus, there is a visible point  tribes may be positively affected by tourism as they get the possibility to develop and obtain many essential goods. Such a state of affairs shows that there is another perspective  the tourists one. In order to reveal all the significant aspects regarding tribal tourism and provide a more in-depth rationale, it seems reasonable to turn to the analysis of this side of the topic.

The greatest interest among tourists is caused by such elements of the culture of the people as art, science, religion, history. The study of the art of peoples, including folk art, is an integral part of tribal tourism. It is in the monuments of art that the present and past of the people, the unique features of their spiritual life, are revealed. Folk crafts and art are of particular interest to tourists since they are associated with the way of life and work of the people. With the cultural traditions and customs of peoples, they provide an opportunity to present the origins and originality of the local artistic culture (Khan, 2021). The life of the people has always been associated with the energy of nature, which provided accessible material and ways of processing it, served as a source of the content of art, influenced its motives and emotional structure. In the hands of folk craftsmen, the simplest materials  clay, metal, bone, iron, flax, wood  were transformed into works of art. For centuries, the best forms, compositional schemes, ornamental patterns, color combinations characteristic of these people have been selected and polished in folk art.

History is the most culture-intensive potential of any region. Most tourist destinations respect history as a factor in attracting tourist flows. The presence of unique historical sites largely predetermines the successful development of tourism in the region. Acquaintance with history and historical sites is the strongest tourist motive (Khan, 2021). Since the historical heritage of the region needs to be promoted to the tourism market, tourism organizations are collecting and disseminating information about the historical potential of the area. The historical resource is closely related to the cultural and natural heritage.

Consequently, the following conclusion suggests itself: tribal tourism is objectively based on the preservation and use of the national natural and cultural heritage and traditions of the region, area. Due to this, tribal tourism is based on the unique resources of the site, actively contributes to the preservation and rational use of the cultural, historical, and natural heritage of the region (Khan, 2021). Each region and area have a unique cultural and natural heritage, and tribal tourism is aimed at how to use all this wealth for tourism purposes. It reveals the uniqueness of the region and creates a system of rational and careful attitude to the natural and cultural heritage of the area, comprehends the deep meaning and content of a particular people.

Tribal tourism can be considered as a phenomenon of world culture that leads to the disclosure of many features of civilization. Using specific examples, one can get acquainted with both the level of development of certain historical epochs and civilizations and with the degree of improvement of various spheres of human life and activity (Chong & Balasingam, 2019). During the passage of any round, there is an acquaintance and development of the alien socio-cultural space; each tourist, even on a subconscious level, conducts a comparative analysis of the attitude to nature, society, and an individual, both in a stranger and in his or her own community (Khan, 2021). Tribal tourism contributes to the process of acquaintance, definition, and exploration of national traits. What is more, traditions and principles of a culture may be distinguished with the help of tourism.

Here, it may be said that tribal tourism is ethnic tourism with the participation (involvement) of representatives of the indigenous population. For the development of programs for the development of this direction in tourism and the organization of specific routes in the places of residence of indigenous minorities, the preparation stage is important. It is necessary to collect all available materials, documents, programs, and plans for the development of tourism in the project areas; consider the socio-economic situation of the site; assess investment opportunities for the development of sustainable ethnic tourism and form a package of investment proposals in the form of a database (Khan, 2021). Further, it is necessary to study the demand for services of ethnic tourism and create a partner network of various organizations interested in the development of tribal tourism.

In addition, a set of marketing studies should be carried out to assess the possibilities for the development of sustainable ethnic tourism by national communities. It is necessary to determine the degree of readiness and capabilities of the indigenous communities to use the potential resources of ethnic tourism and develop in their territories (Khan, 2021). Naturally, it is impossible to implement a project without appropriate specialists, which necessitates the training of qualified specialists in the field of ethnic tourism from among the local population.

To conclude, the topic of tribal tourism was discussed, with relevant evidence provided. The rationale was focusing on the benefits of this phenomenon for both local communities and tourists. It was proven that tribal tourism leads to significant outcomes. However, it is essential to arrange it appropriately, addressing any arising issue and demonstrating a convincing degree of preparation.

References

Africa Business. (2019). How local tribes can benefit from tourism. Web.

Chong, K.Y., & Balasingam, A.S. (2019). Tourism sustainability: economic benefits and strategies for preservation and conservation of heritage sites in Southeast Asia. Tourism Review, 74(2), 268279.

Khan, M. A. (2021). Capacity building trough heritage tourism. CRC Press.

Mack, C. (n.d.). Can tribal cultures and communities benefit from tourism. Responsible Travel. Web.

Roy, H. K. (2019). Tribal cultural tourism: A sustainable tourism resource in Arunachal Pradesh. International Journal of Engineering, Science and Mathematics, 7(2), 123130.

Wu, S.-T., Chiu, C.-H., & Chen, Y.-S. (2018). An evaluation of recreational benefits and tribal tourism development for aboriginal villages after post-disaster reconstruction  a case study of Taiwan. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 24(2), 136149.

Introduction

Sport is an essential part of peoples life, whether it is a professional athlete or an ordinary regular gym attendee. After global popularity of the sports industry, it has become necessary to regard it as a way of life. However, such an attitude can be problematic for States, regional organizations, physical culture institutions and the rest of interested parties. Of particular importance in this matter is the area of management. Sports management allows certain national sports to achieve significant heights. In view of this, achievements bring pride for the nation, honor for the country and its people. Moreover, sports management can be an effective and efficient way to help young athletes in the event of traumatic situations such as abuse and neglect.

Sports governance is an extraordinary characteristic and a prerequisite for gaining world prestige and a significant reputation for any country. This is because sports success largely influences public, financial and political rise and formation (Winand & Anagnostopoulos, 2019). Achievements in the sports industry also contribute to the growth of the active tourism sphere in the countries. The study of this issue is valuable, since it is an vital side of the increase of the state and its society, contributing to various spheres of its functioning.

Many changes in the world and society have occurred since the emergence of sport industry and its distribution. Chatzigianni (2018) states that sport world has been witnessing the emergence of a continuously increasing number of institutions and organizations which assert some kind of authority to all aspects of the process of producing and consuming it (p. 1455). The main task in this direction is to create conditions conducive of attracting young people, children and adolescents to a healthy lifestyle, preventing diseases and offenses, increasing physical activity and love for sports of the population.

Thus, sports governance should be aimed at forming a certain model of optimal character. Within the framework of this concept, there should be a clear distribution and consistency of competence and powers, functions and responsibilities of all involved parties, the field of sports. In addition, everything should take place at all levels of state and municipal administration. The main goals of the development of a sports management policy are:

• the creation of an innovative approach to the organization of the development of the views of citizens to physical activity from the position of sports;
• the development and implementation of activities aimed at promoting sports as an essential element of a healthy lifestyle;
• the modernization of the system of physical education for all age groups of people;
• the improvement of the training of professional athletes, as they contribute to the development of competitiveness in the international arena;
• the strengthening of social assistance for representatives of professional sports;
• the development of sports activities in such areas as organizational and managerial, personnel, scientific and methodological;
• the arrangement of sports infrastructure;
• improving and increasing the financing of sports activities.

Gymnastics Australia

Gymnastics Australia (GA) is an organization dedicated to the leadership of gymnastics in Australia. It was founded in 1949 and the main mission of Gymnastics Australia is to promote, develop and develop gymnastics for the enjoyment of the population (About us, n.d.). The programs developed by Gymnastics Australia are aimed at providing entertainment, fitness and basic movement skills in a safe environment.

They can be suitable for all people, regardless of age, characteristics, earnings or social status. In addition, GA programs strongly support the development of Australian athletes. This is done to achieve even greater success in the international arena, including such global competitions as the World Championships and the Olympic Games. The Australian organization also ensures qualified services and quality products, providing a base that encourages training and continuous improvement of the activities of various sports clubs and accredited professional coaches and referees.

However, recently, there have been many reports claiming that the organization Gymnastics Australia has an incorrect attitude towards athletes. Churches (2021) stated that the AHRC stated that win-at-all-costs culture created unacceptable risks for the safety and well-being of often very young gymnasts (para. 4). This was concluded after conducting a number of interviews and analyzing over hundred written submissions (Wright et al., 2017). The abuse and harming of gymnasts have existed for many decades. This is a terrible event that has had a profound and traumatic impact on its victims.

The Australian Human Rights Commission called on Gymnastics Australia to apologize to the injured athletes, which GA complied with. Moreover, in its statement, the organization stressed that it is working to attract changes. GA pointed out that they are implementing four work streams which represent the particular recommendations of the AHRC Report. These proposals are athlete experience, complaints and investigations, coaching and governance and structure (Gymnastics Australia statement, 2021). The main achievement of the organization was the assignment a couple of sportsman member to the Committee on the Integrity of Gymnastics Australia. It is expected that they would have the ability to effectively use their experience at both the recreational and elite levels.

In addition, Gymnastics Australia gives a significant role to the motivation of athletes and the development of the desire to become part of the path to change for the well-being and comfort of athletes. The official duties of the newly minted representatives include the development of a Youth Advisory Group. It will give young people an opportunity to express their opinions and be heard by others. This will allow the bodies involved in the management of sports to have a direct connection with those who constitute the majority of the athletes base.

Policy Approach and the Key Recommendations

The development of a specific policy is a complicated process that involves many different specialists. Blanco (2017) emphasizes that it is an emerging paradigm which implies the act of governing sports through the participation of various multiple actors and stakeholders such as the government, business and industry leaders, academe, and civil society organizations (p. 105). These parties can act though legitimization and realization of physical activity plans, approaches, and businesses for physical culture superiority and growth.

Sport has grown to be a crucial portion of lives of individuals and all areas affecting it and this is especially true for the sectorial economy. Physical culture is increasingly penetrating into all spheres of peoples lives, developing such aspects as attitude to the state or specific business conduct. In addition, the development of the sports industry is the most important area of entrepreneurial activity. It provides employment for many people in sports and these industries replenish the federal budgets, which also makes it possible to solve the social problems of athletes and the population as a whole.

Australian Human Rights Commission gave twelve recommendations that can sufficiently improve the situation in Australian gymnastics industry. De Dycker (2019) states that rules should be set out in order to ensure that sports organizations are governed in a proper and ethical manner (p. 116). The most essential ones were the creation of a states social media strategy, expenditure of the physical activitys knowledge about child abuse (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2021). Moreover, development of provision of information connected to the appearance, mass control and compulsive eating problems and to enhance comparability and support implementation and correlate modern managment with Sport Australias Sport Governance Principles more effectively.

The implementation of these recommendations through policy approach is of critical importance, since it applies not only to athletes, but also to the younger generation as a whole. Problems related to self-esteem, relationships with peers, exposure to violence and humiliation are more common in modern society than people might think (McGee et al., 2019). Therefore, it is important to spread awareness about these aspects in order to create a comfortable and safe atmosphere not only in the sports arena, but also outside it.

For these reasons, the policy that would be best for implementation is the Child Safe Policy. This is a well-coordinated policy that was created in 2019. Gymnastics Australia emphasized that they were the first national sports organizations to create a separate child safety policy (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2021). Its main goal was to strengthen the compliance of gymnastics Australia with safety in relation to its childrens athletes. The basis of this policy is the support of young athletes, which implies reporting and timely response to cases of abuse.

Child Safe Policy implies involvement and following certain rules. Therefore, specialized organizations should conduct various educational events in places of unlimited access and giving the opportunity to the nearest relatives of young athletes to observe their children during training. This will also contribute to additional informing of parents and guardians about the norms of behavior and actions that can be of significant importance if a child has deviant behavior during the educational process (Bi et al., 2018). Moreover, the CSP implies that all hierarchical levels of the sports industry should adhere to certain norms and keep records so that the closest relatives of children are given a chance to attend training without fear of negative consequences.

If there is information that a child has been exposed to any kind of violence, it must be immediately brought to a specially designated body for the prevention of the freedom of minors. In the case of Gymnastics Australia, this data must be obtained by senior staff who has the ability and means to communicate it to subsequent instances. The CSP provides that the process of transferring statement of underage harassment should be settled at the degree at which the accusation was made (Perso, 2019). However, this is one of the main disadvantages of the policy, since in this case most of the issues did not go beyond the GA.

Child Safety approach represents a sufficient way to improve the work of GA if implemented correctly. Furthermore, it aligns with Sport Australias Sport Governance Principles of work. The Commission established governance principles of four areas, which could assist in successful management. Thus, impactful cooperation and collaboration, strong engagement and involvement, comparability and availability and controllability and transparency are of particular meaning. Asio et al. (2020) state that child protection policy is a must to protect children from what happens inside a school or outside its premises (p. 1).

The Commission recommended that Gymnastics Australia conduct detailed research to reorganize the work of the board of directors on the safety of young athletes. This should include monitoring the screening of the safe condition of children and their environment, carried out at all levels of the organizations processes. Moreover, it is necessary to develop the purpose and consequences of problems affecting the safety of young people and gives priority to the opinion and needs of athletes.

Follow-up measures should also include the introduction of Sport Integrity Australia resources related to the safe selection and verification of children. Conducting trainings on the topic of violence, both physical and moral, or about psychological problems that can be caused by involvement in the competitive sports industry and the engagement of Member Protection Information Officers were recommended by the Commission. The last important aspect is the creation of an official mechanism to help and ensure the constant and timely cooperation of personnel who are responsible for the safety of young people and their protection at all levels of sports industry.

Legal Compliance

In Australia, state and territory governments are responsible for the work of child protection services. In addition, they monitor the implementation of measures to prevent the occurrence of undesirable situations between minors. Among them may be violence, both physical and moral, bullying or another type of causing any harm to a person. Consideration of legislation is important in the development and application of any policy.

In addition, the legislative part of the policy ensures the safety of children at work and access to information, including on the Internet. For this purpose, the classification of available information by age categories is introduced. Moreover, it is prescribed that violation of the legislation on the protection of children from information that harms their health and development entails responsibility. Dangerous information for children is considered to be the knowledge that can convince underage young people to commit actions that can harm their life or health (Zhao & Sang, 2020). This aspect can also include incentives to try drugs, tobacco or alcohol. Information that justifies or covers violence and cruelty is considered dangerous for children.

Conclusion

Sports management plays one of the most important roles in this industry. It is aimed at focusing on the development of spectacular sports that can bring income. In addition, they can help bring the country to a higher level in the international arena. To achieve the best results, with the help of sports management, the state devotes a lot of funds to the education and motivation of the sports generation (Dixon, 2018). There is an active agitation of physical culture and an active lifestyle.

However, in some cases, when the goal is to achieve the best results, other points are overlooked. This happened in the case of Gymnastics Australia, when the Commission conducted an investigation. Its results showed the presence of cases of violence and neglect of children and underage athletes. To solve this problem, the Child Safe Policy can be applied, which pays special attention to the education of not only children, but also parents about the importance of caring for the younger generation. The transfer of knowledge can take place through specialized trainings or individual conversations with guardians. In conclusion, it is vital to underline that the engagement of such a policy is a long-term solution that requires certain costs and step-by-step work.

References

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