Category: Family

The book The Whole-Brain Child by Daniel J. Siegel and Tina Payne Bryson describes how the brain grows, how it functions, and how to interact with and support children as they start recognizing, managing, and learning through their emotions. It helps to get a better grasp of what kids face on the inside because of the books realistic examples and teachings. It demonstrates how to communicate with them, how to make them feel comfortable, and how to become skilled at imparting the most efficient lessons possible.

There are some main points that can be emphasized in the book. Parents should communicate with their children so that they feel heard and understood. It is not the right time to try to instruct or punish your children when they are struggling. When a childs brain has re-adjusted to a more coherent condition, its time to redirect and teach the lesson. Parents must educate their children to use storytelling to express their emotions. This enables children to process their feelings in a more healthy and effective manner. It is necessary to teach them to analyze how and why they feel certain things.

Regarding the small children, the book tells that most of them have their right hemisphere dominant and are not yet adapted to use logic and verbal communication to express emotions. In such cases, children might experience strong feelings, and when they are impossible to interpret or understand, they can become overwhelming for kids. Helping children improve their logical abilities to handle their feelings is possible by teaching them to categorize and sort events by their order and get into the details of what happened. The main instrument for an adult to help a small child is the narrative. This is one of the main tools that can be adopted in supporting childrens development. Whereas they are not yet fully developed in their logical skills, it is hard for them to structure thoughts in their mind. The assistance provided by adults is crucial, as eventually, such help will become self-conducted. This will allow the child to better categorize and reflect on their own thoughts in the future, which will result in improved self-understanding and analysis skills.

Adolescents are another age group discussed in the book, and there are some recommendations on helping them develop while going through that period. As children approach the teen years, they might become more distant and hesitant in talking about their experiences. When it is related to painful emotions and thoughts, this can be very difficult for an adolescent to go through these things on their own. It is necessary to tell them about the positive effects of telling the stories that they are going through, as it allows them to better analyze difficult situations and gain control over the emotions they are causing. Although, it is not possible without being careful and tender while approaching an adolescent with these suggestions, as due to their fragileness in this period, they can be overdefensive.

In conclusion, the book provides many examples of helping kids develop in different periods of their growth. This help is primarily conducted by their parents, as they lead their children to adult life. It seems that the most important things described in the book are related to emotion control. For small children, there are recommendations related to helping children regulate their emotions through the narrative and through talking with them about their experiences. On the other hand, in adolescence, it is necessary to change positions. An adolescent should talk through their experiences, especially the painful ones, to better analyze them and gain more control over their negative feelings.

References

Siegel, D. J. & Bryson T.P (2011). The Whole-Brain Child. Delacorte Press.

The realm of psychology has always been an intriguing topic. For example, when it comes to emotions, previously, there were experts and ordinary people who leaned towards a notion that all emotions are intrinsic, genetically driven responses to specific chances and barriers shaped by nature to aid humanity in survival. Yet, nowadays, more people claim that emotions can be learned reactions based on human experiences and past knowledge rather than being innate human, instinctive reactions.

The nurturing nature of emotions can be observed through an emotional dimension that values mental consciousness and acceptance. According to the dimension, the level of optimism and elation one experiences toward oneself and toward life is a component of emotional well-being (Hettler, 1976). It encompasses the ability to control ones emotions and associated actions, such as a realistic evaluation of ones capabilities, the growth of ones independence, and the capability to handle stress well. In this sense, a person can fully control ones reactions. Furthermore, wellness requires being aware of and tolerating a broad spectrum of emotions in both oneself and others (Hettler, 1976). One will be able to make decisions for themselves on the wellness road based on a combination of their feelings, ideas, beliefs, and conduct. Lastly, taking charge of ones life and controlling it in individually fulfilling ways can help one perceive life as an interesting, inspiring experience (Hettler, 1976). For such nurturing purposes, there are guidelines that encourage emotional wellness, such as an option to acknowledge and accept ones emotions than to suppress them, and being optimistic about life is preferable to being frustrated.

Therefore, rather than being innately human and natural reactions, emotions might be acquired reactions based on human experiences and prior knowledge. The capacity to manage ones emotions and accompanying behavior are included in the emotional dimension. A wide range of emotions, both in oneself and others, must be identified and tolerated in order to live in a state of wellness. On the road to wholeness, one will be able to make choices for themselves based on a mix of their feelings, thoughts, beliefs, and behavior. This implies that emotions can, indeed, be nurtured, and genetics do not control everything.

Reference

Hettler, B. (1976). Six Dimensions of Wellness Model. National Wellness Institute. Web.

In every persons life, events occur that cause significant changes to everything they have known before. I grew up in a supportive environment and close environment; however, everything changed when my uncle suddenly passed away in August last year. The emotional pain of losing a loved one and the new adjustments at home became overwhelming for me. It was getting hard to study on the schedule that fits the school as I had to manage everything in the house and depend on someone for commuting. Given my situation, the virtual mode was flexible and more convenient to help me succeed, and I decided to switch back to online schooling. However, it meant losing out on some required courses of my interest, like AP Computer Science and AP Chemistry, and AP Physics. Apart from that, the frustration of being unable to connect with peers and instructors socially worried me.

My situation triggered an array of emotions, making me confused and disappointed. Nevertheless, I realized that ability to adapt well to adversities and tragedies would help me manage stress and feelings of anxiety and uncertainty in my future life. Things started getting better when I realized the problem and understood that fear of failure, among others, is a significant obstacle that hinders our progress (Adjusting to change: Adapt and overcome, n.d.). This is due to negative emotions that can make people feel inferior and insecure.

I began to understand the steps I needed to take to succeed. To cover for the missed AP courses, I enrolled in A to G-approved chemistry, physics, and computer science classes. I started by writing down all the tasks I needed to complete that day, planned my schedule, and stuck to it. These steps helped me study better and manage everything in my family and at home. With this small success, I learned how to stay focused, how to believe in myself, and found new motivation to improve myself and my life. Constant achievements renewed my hope and gave me the strength to take on the challenge and build my confidence and skills.

Reference

Adjusting to change: Adapt and overcome. (n.d.). Center Stone.

It is important to note that sudden and drastic changes can affect any individual, which is why being prepared for crises both mentally and financially is of paramount criticality. This lesson of life was taught to my family the hard way. I had to adapt to a sudden change in my life during the 2008 financial crisis when my parents lost their jobs, house, and savings. It was one of the most devastating events which profoundly impacted me as well.

In a rather short period of time, my family fell from financial stability and prosperity to high levels of financial insecurity. We lost our house in the process, which deeply and profoundly impacted me since we needed to relocate and move to a different state. The consequences were severe because not only did our lifestyle worsen, but the relationships and my familys mental health worsened. I lost my friends and the environment I was accustomed to, which I had to adapt to by maintaining my routines and practicing acceptance to the best of my abilities, which are effective adaptation measures (Cherry, 2021). Exercising and meditating as well as focusing on my personal goals, helped me to realize that the crisis was outside of my control, which is why I became more resilient to stress.

In conclusion, even the harshest events in life carry meaningful lessons. For the majority of my life, I considered my parents as a financially stable couple. The latter was true up until the 2008 recession when there were nationwide layoffs, which affected my parents. The sudden change due to the 2008 crisis made me more financially acute and responsible, even if I am still fairly young. My parents became more financially secure since then by learning the importance of emergency funds and reluctance to live an expensive lifestyle.

Reference

Cherry, K. (2021). How to get better at dealing with change. Very Well Mind. 

Article 1: Swimming

Topic: The effects of a 6-week core exercises on swimming performance of national-level swimmers.

Authors: KarpiDski, J., Rejdych, W., Brzozowska, D., GoBa[, A., Sadowski, W., Swinarew, A. S., Stachura, A., Gupta, S., & Stanula, A.

The article discusses how physical activities could influence the performance of athletes. Thus, it was designed to assess the effects of intensive training on the subjects. It conducted 6-week core swimming exercises to assess swimmers performance at the national level. In addition, it conducted isolated strengthening of the swimmers muscles to improve their performance. The exercise proved that strength and muscular power were significant determinates of swimming athletes performance.

The articles significantly state its purpose and main goals for swimming competition as overcoming a given distance in the shortest time possible and how to achieve it by properly stationing the body. Secondly, the states sample is 16 male Polish swimmers around the age of (21.6 +- 2.2 years). Thirdly, the experiment proceeded by dividing them into two groups of 8 as experimental and control groups. Finally, the data collection and results are presented, followed by a conclusion and a conclusion.

The study was cost-effective because of its small sample and the period taken to complete it. Secondly, it is generalizable and hence could be recommended in other sports which rely on the strength and muscle power. Lastly, it is reliable because of its huge number of researchers improving its credibility. However, the article depicts weaknesses, such as a lack of potential depth. Furthermore, despite having a sizable sample, they are all of the same gender, thus not effective on female athletes.

When analyzing the study, one learns that swimming competitions rely on the strength and muscular power to swim across a given point as soon as possible. Thus, athletes must be trained through the isolated strengthening of stabilizing muscles.

Researchers conclude that implementation of isolated strengthening of the stabilizing muscles seems to be a valuable addition to the standard training of swimmers (KarpiDski et al., 2020). This paper met its objective of understanding the effectiveness of 6-week core exercises and thus can be recommended to all swimmers. The article is related to aquatic explains the effectiveness of core-exercising in improving swimming speed even in animals.

Article 2: Line Dancing

Topic: Effects of line dancing on physical function and perceived limitation in older adults with self-reported mobility limitations.

Authors: Crystal G. Bennett, Madeleine E. Hackney

The journal has mainly focused on line dancing, physical activity conducted by older adults. The article has insight into the significant impacts of line dancing as physical activity on the old. The primary focus has been on the older people with mobility issues to streamline and jumpstart their movements.

The articles view and perception are exciting because of the focus on the elderly. In the modern world, many older adults are stigmatized regarding sporting and physical fitness. Thus, this article is interesting because of the greater focus on the idea.

Line dancing is the essential activity and event that has been discussed in this article. But, more significantly, the greater focus on its impacts on the health and life of the elderly in society.

The article has many strengths related to the implications of the report on the life of the elderly. For example, the article has given a better focus on the life of the elderly through fitness options.

The article has offered many options for the activities that can be learned. For example, taking line dancing as a sporting activity for the old can be one of the best health support systems.

Line dancing for the elderly is one of the most significant ways of engaging with the group population. As such, building these activities increases the likelihood of boosting their health and increasing their lifespan (Bennett & Hackney, 2017). Therefore, this is an essential sporting activity for the old and people with such movement issues.

The article has shifted the existing perception of people on the actual meaning of sporting activities. More particularly, in terms of age and individual health and fitness benefits.

Line dancing can be done as an aquatics sport; as such, it should be included in the sporting activities for the elderly.

Article 3: Walking and Running

Title: The Impact of Jogging on the Improvement of Physical Fitness

Authors: A Agus, M P Sari

The article has mainly targeted exploring the significant impacts of jogging as a physical sporting activity on physical fitness. As such, by studying the population of a university, it was possible to determine the impact of jogging on a diverse group of people regardless of age bias.

The articles overview of the whole population makes it an interesting topic of concern. For example, the article has covered all the essential benefits of jogging as a sporting activity. But unfortunately, jogging has been one of the most ignored activities in the modern world. Therefore, this focus outputs a greater emphasis on the whole idea of the article.

There are a couple of significant events that have been mentioned in the article; cycling, green walk, marathon.

The article has depicted the core strengths based on the population and its impacts on physical health. For example, the following are the core strengths of the article;

1. Limited bias as not age was restricted.
2. The benefits of jogging as a sporting activity are the primary focus.

Many activities can be learned from the article. However, the aspect of the benefits of jogging as a sporting activity is the major one. Many people have underscored the potential of jogging as physical activity.

Jogging is described as one way of supporting physical and mental health. Research by Agus & Sari (2020) has affirmed that the muscles strengthen through jogging, and the body releases toxic substances. Therefore, jogging plays an integral role in health and personal fitness.

The article has conveyed the required information that was expected as per the objectives. More particularly, through the focused research experiment that was conducted.

Based on the articles knowledge, there is not much connection with aquatics. However, jogging should be conducted as a sport like aquatic sporting activities.

Article 4: Dual Activities

Topic: The effects of a 6-week core exercises on swimming performance of national level swimmers

Authors: KarpiDski, J., Rejdych, W., Brzozowska, D., GoBa[, A., Sadowski, W., Swinarew, A. S., Stachura, A., Gupta, S., & Stanula, A.

The study highlights some facts leading to its research on how wrestling is growing competition among women in the USA. Thus, its purpose is to highlight the number of female injury causalities in wrestling entertainment and compare the number to those of their male counterparts. It further characterizes the injuries for easy comparison and describes the characteristics of each athlete to compete in wrestling, especially the body fats.

The article highlights the historical background of wrestling and how men dominate in the sports industry compared to females. It proceeds to state the characteristics of all competitors noting that women are prone to injuries, and describes the features of the injuries women face in the industry. The study considers the use of secondary sources as their data sources. Lastly, it relays the results and discusses them, stating its limitations before concluding the investigation.

The study considers secondary sources that provide a large set of data to increase its credibility. Secondly, secondary sources are cost-effective because less money is spent during the research reduces the study period. Lastly, the study highlights its weaknesses; thus, readers should always consider them and help further study. Despite having these strengths, the study is limited to women wrestlers and, therefore, cannot be generalized.

The study explains that men dominate in the sports industry, and the least number of women participating are prone to severe injuries compared to their male counterparts. It further explains that men and women have distinctively unique physiological and anatomy, which explains the difference in the injuries both faces. Thus, the researchers recommend, Prompt management of injuries and specific training strategies aimed at prevention may help to reduce the projected increase of female wrestling-associated injuries as the sports popularity continues to rise (Hoge et al., 2021). This study met its objective of investigating the injuries of female wrestlers and recommended measures to reduce the severity. In addition, this study could be used in aquatics, where female aquatic animals should be observed for their injuries and how they can be reduced through physical activities.

References

Agus, A., & Sari, M. P. (2020). The impact of jogging on the improvement of physical fitness. Proceedings of the 1st Progress in Social Science, Humanities and Education Research Symposium (PSSHERS 2019), 464.

Bennett, C. G., & Hackney, M. E. (2017). Effects of line dancing on physical function and perceived limitation in older adults with self-reported mobility limitations. Disability and Rehabilitation, 40(11), 1259-1265.

Hoge, C., Pirruccio, K., Cohen, O., & Kelly, J. (2021). Rising trends in wrestling-associated injuries in females presenting to US emergency departments. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 22(2). Web.

KarpiDski, J., Rejdych, W., Brzozowska, D., GoBa[, A., Sadowski, W., Swinarew, A. S., Stachura, A., Gupta, S., & Stanula, A. (2020). The effects of a 6-week core exercises on swimming performance of national level swimmers. PLOS ONE, 15(8), e0227394. Web.

Abstract

Exercise improves the efficiency of the body system by enhancing the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues. It also improves mood since increased physical activity stimulates brain chemicals for more relaxation and reduces anxiety. The bio-behavioral approach relates to the interaction of biological and behavioral processes. Adopting the voluntary exercising routine requires proper coordination between the biological and behavioral systems. As an introvert, I am subject to a mix of acute emotional impacts that are partially reported as adaptive and maladaptive. The net balance determines if the general perception of the exercise is punitive or pleasurable. Exercising enhances the brains function by increasing neural activity and activating additional brain components like neural plasticity and compensation. Exercising benefits are temporary after a single exercising session but last after repeated exercise. Additionally, people who engage in physical activities are likely to have better neuropsychological function.

Introduction

Regular exercise is essential to the body since it improves muscle strength and boosts endurance. Exercise improves the efficiency of the body system by enhancing the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues (Fielding et al., 2018). Exercise improves mood since increased physical activity stimulates brain chemicals for more relaxation and reduces anxiety. Therefore, one is more likely to feel better after regular exercise. From my perspective in the class, the biobehavioral approach enhances my motivation for regular exercise. It is essential to write this research paper as it helps me have an extensive understanding of how exercising became part of my life from the perspectives of the class, how I started liking it as a hobby, and what keeps me motivated in the activity using the views learned in class. Therefore, I intend to analyze my process of adopting regular exercise using bio-behavioral perspectives.

How the Bio-behavioral Approach Influences Exercising

The bio-behavioral approach relates to the interaction of biological and behavioral processes. Making a lasting change in the behavior is a steady process that involves a lot of commitment to achieve the intended objectives. Therefore, before I adopted physical exercises into my routine, I underwent the pre-contemplation stage to help me prepare for change and adapt to my practice. The behavioral approach helped me adjust to the biological process of regular exercises. The bio-behavioral method states that the behavioral and sub-behavioral events must occur, which later lead to the responses, and they are because of a neuroanatomical pathway (White et al., 2020). The next stage I underwent was the preparation stage before I adopted my exercise habits. I had made up my mind that I wanted to adopt regular exercise as my new habit since I had a belief that I needed to change. Therefore, I made little progress toward my goal. My determination was affected by the previous decisions, which created neuroanatomical pathways.

Through the analysis of my pre-contemplation and contemplation phases, the bio-behavioral process provided an interpretation to the brain that I needed to implement regular exercising as a habit. I then took action and started regular exercise while slowly adapting to the new life. The amount of reflective consciousness and desire associated with a behavior should be higher persistence. The biological determinants of physical exercise include the brain, cardiorespiratory system, and muscles. All the components depend on a genetic basis but have other environmental influences. In reality, the increasing prevalence of societal and medical incentives toward weight reduction and externally prescribed procedures may not be optimal for promoting sustained improvements in exercise levels. Therefore, it is evident that the bio-behavioral process impacts the rates of adopting physical activity as a routine.

Adopting the Regular Exercise Routine

A pre-set activity in the brain serves as a programmed activity controller. It receives signals from other genetically regulated factors, like hormone levels, dietary habits, and toxicant exposures. During my maintenance phase, I noticed that the activity phase is part of the motivational regulatory system that combines performance management system signals associated with current or successfully finished the physical activity, resulting from sensory somata-visceral input in cardiorespiratory fitness sources. In people, motivating conditions are affected by trait-dependent individual differences in the desire to be actively engaged in personality and support networks that enable physical activity (Donahoe, 1994). Complicated multivariate and overlapping genetic, environmental, and other biological systems impact the control of behavioral characteristics.

Adopting the voluntary exercising routine requires proper coordination between the biological and behavioral systems. Research on the influences on individual voluntary exercise behavior supports the notion that peripheral and central systems influence the control of cardiorespiratory fitness (Lightfoot et al., 2018). By participating in regular exercise routines, I am subject to a mix of acute emotional impacts that are partially reported as adaptive and maladaptive. The net balance of these impacts determines if the general perception of the exercise is punitive or pleasurable, and this balance substantially influences the adoption and retention of regular exercise habits.

The Subsequent History of Exercising

Several possible modulators of the emotional responses impact regular physical activity habits in humans. Ordinary people who participate in workouts score lower on neuroticism and higher on genetically influenced qualities such as extraversion, conscientiousness, and sensory seeking (Maranges and Reynolds, 2020). Neuroticism enhances the fear of humiliation or harm, often stated as perceived obstacles to exercise. As an introvert with a high degree of inherent arousal, I am constantly overwhelmed and less interested in physical activity, especially in socially dense environments, making exercising the places harder for me. Self-regulation and emotional stability help enhance regular exercise habit programs. Self-regulation is characterized by the capacity to suffer the temporary discomforts of exercise in anticipation of a future reward like physical fitness or a long-term objective like improved health. Therefore, self-regulation is part of the variety of biological processes that control the degree of exercise.

The ability to exercise regulates the emotional reaction to exercise in individuals. Perceptions of disparities in exercise aptitude significantly influence the emotional response to exercise. These perceptions mainly reflect actual exercise capability (Scheid et al., 2020). Several general fitness qualities, especially strength and endurance, are excellent predictors of success across various exercise activities. It is known that these available fitness qualities are genetically determined, and this extends to both the individual variations and the response to a standardized training regimen. An excellent response to physical activity for an important physiological feature such as exercise training is likely to boost rather than diminish the desire to remain physically active.

Neurology and Exercise

Exercises are essential since they enhance the brains function in numerous ways. I helped modulate the brain by participating in physical exercises by increasing neural activity and activating additional brain components like neural plasticity and compensation, which counters the deteriorating processes and improves motor and coordinative functions (Bonanni et al., 2022). Exercises help prevent severe health conditions like obesity, diabetes, and stroke. Brain regions linked with logical thought, interpersonal, bodily, and cognitive activities experience oxygen saturation and blood vessel growth during training. Exercise decreases stress hormones and raises the number of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine, which enhance information processing. They promote the survival and development of neurons in the embryonic brain, dendrite branching, and synapses machinery in the central nervous system.

Regular exercise increases cognitive processes, neural activity, and behavioral adaptability. Long-term impacts include improved neuron development, more excellent neuronal impulse activity such as BDNF signaling, increased stress management, and better conscious behavior processing. The impact of physical activity on cognition has significant effects on improving intellectual capability, increasing productive capacity, conserving cognitive performance in old age, avoiding or treating predefined neurological conditions, and enhancing the overall standard of living.

Overview

Exercising benefits are temporary after a single exercising session but last after repeated exercise. Therefore, people who engage in activities are likely to have better neuropsychological function and performance tests like cognitive flexibility and speed of processing information. The practice has short- and long-term impacts on emotional and behavioral states through boosting positive influences, suppressing harmful effects, and lowering the physiologic reaction to acute psychological trauma. Aerobic exercise serves as an antidepressant in the short term, although persistent activity promotes general gains in moods and self-esteem. Therefore, regular exercises reduce the risk of developing neurodegenerative disorders.

Conclusion

The bio-behavioral approach, which interacts with the biological and behavioral processes, influences exercising. Therefore, making a lasting change in the behavior is a steady process that involves commitment. Before adopting physical exercises to my routine, I underwent the pre-contemplation stage. The bio-behavioral approach helped me adapt to the biological function of regular exercise. Adopting voluntary exercising requires proper coordination between the physical and behavioral systems. I am subject to a mix of acute emotional impacts reported as adaptive and maladaptive by participating in everyday exercise routines. The net balance of these impacts determines if the general perception of the exercise is punitive or pleasurable. Neuroticism enhances the fear of humiliation or harm, often stated as perceived obstacles to exercise. People who engage in exercises are likely to have a better neuropsychological function. Aerobic exercise serves as an antidepressant in the short term, although persistent activity promotes general gains in moods and self-esteem.

References

Bonanni, R., Cariati, I., Tarantino, U., DArcangelo, G., & Tancredi, V. (2022). Physical exercise and health: A focus on its protective role in neurodegenerative diseases. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 7(2), 38.

Donahoe, J. W., & Palmer, D. C. (1994). Learning and complex behavior. Allyn & Bacon.

Fielding, R., Riede, L., Lugo, J., & Bellamine, A. (2018). L-carnitine supplementation in recovery after exercise. Nutrients, 10(3), 349.

Lightfoot, J. T., De Geus, E. J., Booth, F. W., Bray, M. S., Den Hoed, M., Kaprio, J., Kelly, S. A., Pomp, D., Saul, M. C., Thomis, M. A., Garland, T., & Bouchard, C. (2018). Biological/Genetic regulation of physical activity level. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 50(4), 863-873.

Maranges, H. M., & Reynolds, T. A. (2020). Evolutionary theory of personality. The Wiley Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 185-197.

Scheid, J. L., Lupien, S. P., Ford, G. S., & West, S. L. (2020). Commentary: Physiological and psychological impact of face mask usage during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18), 6655.

White, L. O., Schulz, C. C., Schoett, M. J., Kungl, M. T., Keil, J., Borelli, J. L., & Vrti
ka, P. (2020). Conceptual analysis: A social neuroscience approach to interpersonal interaction in the context of disruption and disorganization of attachment (NAMDA). Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11.

Cricket is a sport that emerged in England but managed to surpass the border and attain international significance. Being subjected to prolonged English influence, the U.S. was exposed to cricket and eventually adopted the sport. It initially gained popularity in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, with the help of many individuals, namely William Wister. As time passed, the game rules evolved to follow the trends and public demands better, retaining its original features.

The person who is credited with the introduction of Americans to cricket was William Wister. He grew accustomed to the sport in his teenage years, which made him form cricket clubs in the neighborhood, at the University of Pennsylvania, and, finally, the Philadelphia cricket club in 1854 (Allen, 2021). The club promoted and preserved cricket in American society, simultaneously encouraging English residents to join with Philadelphian natives.

Consequently, the wave of crickets popularity swept the city, making Pennsylvania the first American state where cricket received public acknowledgment. Before that, cricket was played predominantly by English immigrants, and opinions on the sport in society were ambivalent. The first English cricket clubs date to the first years following the Independence war; however, its value in America was realized only in 1830th (Allen, 2021). That time aligns with the activity of already mentioned William Wister.

With time, the rules of cricket were subjected to various changes and modifications. For example, the most notable difference is the introduction of different cricket formats, such as limited-overs or Twenty20 (Stevens, 2022). The first-class Test format is limited by time, which usually results in three or five days long matches and is subjected to draws in some cases. In contrast, new formats are determined by the number of overs (a set of six balls delivered by an individual bowler), allowing the games to be finished significantly faster (Stevens, 2022). Due to that feature, new formats have gained greater popularity in the context of a TV broadcast  viewers appreciated the quicker and more decisive game resolution at the expense of a conservative approach.

Overall, cricket can be considered a successful sport due to its undeniable worldwide acknowledgment. Particularly, in the U.S., the game became popular in the middle of the 19th century, starting in Pennsylvania and spreading further. The world community eventually made changes to the game rules and formats. Nevertheless, these changes only contributed to crickets popularity, which allows it to stand firmly among other worldwide acknowledged sports disciplines.

References

Allen, D. (2021). The Englishmans Game: Cricket and the Influence of English Culture in North America, 18301900. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 38(5), 449-471.

Stevens, A. (2022). John Blundells cricket blueprint revisited. Economic Affairs, 42(1), 144-160.

Introduction

Currently, there is no unanimity of opinion among researchers regarding the purely biological basis of the fathers or mothers behavior toward the infant. The mothers role is often emphasized as social, not just biological. The cause for this is, among other things, the observation of the behavior of mammals to which humans belong. In most species, the female is involved in carrying and feeding and in the subsequent care and primary socialization of her cub. At the same time, the male provides additional protection and helps with hunting. Examples of this behavior in the wild are, for instance, wolves.

Discussion

In the modern world, it is common practice for the father to be present at the childs birth, which helps further establish the primary emotional bond between the parents and the infant. However, it should not be ignored that due to hormonal changes in the mothers body after childbirth, her commitment to motherhood and attitude toward the child goes to an unprecedentedly high level (Van Holland De Graaf, 2018). It is likewise accepted that many baby reactions, such as crying, babbling, smiling, or grabbing, are natural means of stimulating maternal care. The connection between mother and child established in infancy helps the childs bond with the mother be more potent than that with the father.

Conclusion

Besides birth and breastfeeding, the father can likewise take care of the child. For example, it has long been common practice for the father to take maternity leave rather than the mother or for the father to perform all major household chores to give the mother more time to rest. In a family with a healthy psychological atmosphere, the child grows up without making a difference between the parents. It can be suggested that in modern times the line between father and mother in terms of caring for children is thinning, discarding stereotypes and biological constraints.

Reference

Van Holland De Graaf, J., Hoogenboom, M., De Roos, S., & Bucx, F. (2018). Socio-demographic correlates of fathers and mothers parenting behaviors. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27(7), 2315-2327.