Facebook can be described as a social networking site where people connect with the people in their lives and make online friends. When Facebook was founded, its main objective was to help people to connect with the people who are in their lives easily. However, users of Facebook have oftentimes misused it, and thus the networking site poses several risks to its users (Freouf 1). Among the users who face the biggest risk when using Facebook are teenagers, who may be blackmailed and manipulated through Facebook. It is, therefore, the responsibility of parents to ensure that their children are not addicted to Facebook. This paper is an in-depth analysis of the risks that Facebook poses to children and the steps that parents should take to ensure that their children do not become victims of Facebook use.
Background
Children, mostly teenagers are increasingly becoming addicted to Facebook. This poses a threat to their welfare. For instance, some teenagers become addicted to Facebook to the extent that they are unable to concentrate on their studies. Teenagers may spend so much time on Facebook that they may be unable to complete their homework. They may also be unable to study books due to their Facebook activities. Others even go to the extent of using their mobile phones to access Facebook, which makes it easy to access the site while in class. The result of this is that the grades of these children will drastically drop, courtesy of Facebook (Ferree 1). In addition to this, sex pests and criminals have been using Facebook as a platform for reaching their victims. Cases of children being sexually molested after meeting their molesters on Facebook are common. Most of these pedophiles pose as fellow teens and post appealing photos to win the trust of their victims. In 2010, three teenagers were murdered in Colombia after their names were posted on Facebook in a list of people to be killed (Schroeder 1). It is indubitable that Facebook played a great role as a platform facilitating the murder of these teens.
On the other hand, Facebook is a great platform if used for good reasons. Teenagers can use Facebook to communicate with their peers about social activities. This will make the children engage in healthy activities like games, socializing, etc., which will affect their grades positively. Additionally, Facebook makes children become technology/computer savvy quickly, and thus, if it is used well, it will be beneficial in the lives of the children (Fenichel 1). Facebook can also be used by Family members to contact each other in cases where its absence could lead to a desperate situation. Take the example of a lost teenager who does not have a way of calling home. All he/she will need to do is to contact his/her family members through Facebook, and the family will be able to trace him/her.
Personal opinion
It is common knowledge that Facebook is meant to be productive. The fact that a few people are misusing it does not mean that people should stop using it. This, therefore, calls for responsibility on the part of Facebook users. It is wise for Facebook users to avoid adding strangers as friends on Facebook. Users should also ensure that their accounts are satisfactorily secured to avoid unauthorized access to their personal information. This also calls for proper guidance of teenagers by their parents. The parents should also make sure that they are vigilant enough to ensure that their children do not get addicted to Facebook.
From this argument, the solution does not lie in refraining children from using Facebook, but it lies in regulating their Facebook activities and reigning in the kind of people the children befriend on Facebook. Parents should ensure that their children do not become addicted to Facebook by regulating the amount of time that the children spend on Facebook. This will ensure that the academic welfare of the children is not affected by Facebook. They should also forbid their children from any kind of friendships and communication with strangers because this can jeopardize the security of the children (“The Way Out” 1). Parents should also talk to their children about the security threats that Facebook poses to them. The children should be aware of the activities and tricks of pedophiles and criminals so that they can be able to identify and report them when they encounter them on Facebook.
Conclusion
From this discussion, it is apparent that Facebook is just like any other good thing in life. People like misusing useful things in life to satisfy their desires. The bright side of this issue is that if Facebook users take care while using the platform, the sex pests, and criminals will never get them. Responsible use of Facebook will also ensure that people, especially children, do not get addicted to Facebook. It is thus of the essence for parents to guide their children on the use of Facebook, and be watchful to ensure that their children do not become victims of the irresponsible use of Facebook.
Summary of Article: Who/What is the article about? What is happening? When did it happen? Where is did it happen? Why is it happening?
The article is concerned with recent (May 9, 2016) accusations against employees of Facebook for being politically biased. Such assumptions were partially backed by the fact that Facebook workers made $100,000 more donations in support of Hillary Clinton than Sen. Marco Rubio. An investigation was conducted to reveal whether Facebook workers were indeed biased against conservatives but it did not find any significant liberal biases.
Still, six weeks later at AEI’s 12th conference in Washington, Facebook’s Chief Operating Officer Sheryl Sandberg announced she felt it necessary to train the employees on managing unconscious biases. She expressed her concerns that the public generally perceives social networks as liberal and rebutted such perceptions by stating that Facebook has always been aiming at diversity.
Author’s Position: What is the author’s take on this current event issue?
Rob Bluey does not openly express his views on the issue that is being discussed since the purpose of the article is purely informative. On the other hand, he relates to Sheryl Sandberg’s position accurately. He cites her statements that reflect her openness to varying opinions. Additionally, he refers to her personal opinions not discussed in her actual announcements, such as her posts on Twitter and Facebook. There, she emphasizes the necessity of diversity and respect and shows herself a politically open-minded person by giving heed to every election competitor there is.
Facebook has come under attack owing to rising cases of privacy issues and its negative influence on people. Critics argue that Facebook’s management is not doing enough to protect people’s privacy and personal information.
In addition, it has been criticized for turning people into machine-like beings. Many young people have turned to Facebook for companionship and interaction. This is gradually eroding the traditional aspect of face-to-face physical interaction and relationship development.
However, these arguments are flawed. People blame Facebook for their woes whereas they are to blame. Facebook is an important tool for interaction and socialization, business growth, and communication.
Facebook enhances human communication and interaction by connecting people in different parts of the world. As such, it has broken all cultural, religious, social, and economic barriers.
Friendship is no longer based on race, gender, or ethnicity but on shared interests, hobbies, passions, ideals, and values. As such, Facebook has contributed to promoting social cohesion in the world.
In olden days, people formed relationships based on factors such as social status, race, and gender. This has changed with advent of social networking services such as Facebook. People can choose friends without any restriction or limitation.
It has helped people network and form connections that are important in their careers and professional lives. People should consider the positive effects of facebook in life and not the negative effects, which they have created by their own limitations.
One of the reasons why facebook has attracted a negative image is the issue of poor privacy. In the modern world, the web has become the main social platform for people to interact and socialize. Therefore, privacy is an important aspect of protecting people’s personal information on the web.
Before advent of the internet, privacy was not an issue because people would desist from talking about things they wanted kept private. However, the internet brought challenges that make privacy issues a critical topic for discussion.
Facebook has done its best to protect the privacy of its users by establishing privacy settings that give users authority to manage their accounts. People now blame Facebook for rising cases of privacy breach on the web.
It is not Facebook’s fault that privacy is not maintained regarding users’ personal information and data. People should be responsible for their own privacy.
The fact that information posted on the internet is available to many people is a good enough reason for users to take caution when posting certain information on the web. It is the responsibility of users to handle their privacy issues and not the responsibility of Facebook.
For example, people should be selective when deciding which information to post on their Facebook accounts. In addition, they should use privacy settings provided on their accounts to filter information and determine the people who access that information.
Users should only post information that does not tarnish their image when used by others. Subscribers should learn to protect their information and desist from attacking Facebook for their privacy woes.
Facebook has been accused of fostering laziness, idleness, and procrastination among people. This accusation is baseless because people have turned Facebook into a scapegoat for their own weaknesses and limitations. Facebook has influenced many facets of life positively.
For example, it is an important marketing and advertisement tool for many businesses and organizations. It is an avenue for companies to reach many customers around the world. People should not blame Facebook for their failure to practice self-control.
It is inappropriate for people to direct their anger towards Facebook. It is necessary for people to learn to use Facebook effectively and appropriately. It should not affect people’s productivity and output. However, it has done the opposite.
In many organizations, Facebook has been banned because it has led to poor employee performance and low productivity. Employees spend a lot f time on facebook and as a result ignore their responsibilities.
Again, this results from lack of self-control. People should use Facebook during their leisure time and not during work. Criticizing and attacking facebook will not solve the problem. Practicing self-control will help solve the problem of people’s overreliance on Facebook.
Facebook has come under attack for its alleged negative influence on people and poor privacy. People have complained that it promotes laziness, idleness, and procrastination. In addition, they argue its poor privacy puts their personal information at risk of misuse.
However, these accusations are baseless and invalid. Privacy issues should not be blamed on Facebook but on users. Users have the discretion to determine which information to post and which information not to post.
On the other hand, lack of self-control is the main reason why critics claim that facebook promotes procrastination. People should learn to use Facebook in a manner that does not affect their work or responsibilities. Attacking Facebook does not solve the problem.
The solution lies in people’s willingness to practice self-control and develop selectivity when posting information on Facebook. It is important for people to exercise caution and responsibility while undertaking various activities in the internet.
Facebook’s popularity as a leading social media platform is under threat because of controversies over privacy intrusions. The company’s Terms of Service (ToS) primarily cover five broad areas that include the services offered by the company and the funding sources for its operations. Other areas are the respective rights and responsibilities of the users and the company, additional provisions, and links to other potentially relevant Terms and Policies (“Terms of Service,” 2020). The additional provisions are on updating the ToS, dispute resolution, account suspension and termination, and limits on liability while other pertinent Terms and Policies cover aspects such as business use, advertising, and community standards.
According to the ToS, users grant Facebook rights to access their personal data relayed through their platforms. Accordingly, the company gathers and uses its personal data for commercial advertising purposes (“Terms of Service,” 2020). Further, Facebook is authorized to use the content users create and share, to utilize their name, profile picture, and other information for advertising purposes, and permitted to update any software users use or download. The company can also terminate and suspend user accounts deemed in violation of the terms and conditions and also retains the right to update the ToS whenever appropriate or necessary.
Users have the right to create and use the company’s platform for free as long as they agree to the prescribed personal data access and usage and adhere to the various Terms and Policies. Additionally, they retain all intellectual property rights in any content they generate and share on Facebook. The most surprising facet of the Facebook ToS is the claim that the company does not sell users’ personal data to third parties. This claim is as appalling as it is dishonest considering recent revelations of data sharing arrangements that essentially entail the same conduct the company denies vehemently (BBC News Services, 2018). Thus, it is evident that the company has not been honest with its users.
The failure to read the ToS in advance constitutes a grave oversight because I unwittingly give Facebook access to information that might have been used to not only intrude but also undermine my privacy and security. An awareness of the extent of the company’s invasion of privacy and dishonesty changes my opinion on using the platform. These revelations are indicative of the need to get appraised of the operative terms and policies in any digital platforms to avert potential privacy intrusions and misuse of personal data.
It is no longer business as usual since the information technology field started making leaps after the invention of the World Wide Web. Technologies such as YouTube and Facebook have henceforth emerged and they are influencing business activities in a big way. YouTube has turned from a mere entertainment channel to a promising advertisement avenue, more so due to its availability to the public for free. YouTube has millions of viewers worldwide and businesses can tap it to advertise their products widely. The technology is opening up advertisement opportunities for small business enterprises among other tapped and untapped opportunities. Facebook on the other hand has created an avenue for social advertising. This comes with the benefit of customizing advertisements and reaching masses due to its open accessibility and widespread availability. These two technologies still have a place in the future as they are yet to mature fully and enhance their features comprehensively, all to the advantage of businesses.
Introduction
Emerging technologies in the information technology field are undoubtedly changing the way business is conducted in the modern world. The advertising industry is particularly positively impacted by these emerging technologies. Two of the most influential and promising technologies in this age are the YouTube and Facebook, a social website. These two information technology innovations have turned from entertainment and social tools into very promising advertising avenues that businesses can tap and increase their awareness in a tremendous way that defies the traditional advertising avenues. This paper discusses the enormous potential that YouTube offers as a tool for influencing business, given that it is a widespread tool that is open to the public. Banking on the massive numbers of people who visit YouTube, this technology can be productively tapped by businesses. The paper also discusses the significance of Facebook in making a business known to as many people as are available in the social site. Moreover, the paper highlights on the advantages of customizing advertisements based on the wealth of information presented in Facebook profiles.
YouTube
YouTube provides the largest online platform for users to share videos and communicate with each other. Nowadays, YouTube is no not restricted as an entertaining tool to public, but also an increasingly widespread marketer and promoter for business. The website attracts over 60 million visitors monthly across the globe.
The way YouTube is used in business influence business
The impact of social media on business is remarkable and companies use YouTube to market their business through their own Channel. Users can upload the videos to their channel on YouTube and the more people visit, the popular their site will be. Consequently companies who are promoting their business will get more exposure opportunities. YouTube is also used for creating advertisements. There are plenty of cases that demonstrate social media tools boost business (Benjamin 2011). For example, small South African businesses release one-minute videos introducing the reasons why customers should buy their products or services and open up for discussion and response.
Also, the Internet marketing dynamo has used YouTube creatively to help Canada-based Jewellery business—ice.com grow to an enterprise which generated more than $50 million in sales each year (Andrews 2009). This Jewellery Company has established a customer group who has no concerns regarding online purchase security. The video clips broadcasted through company’s YouTube Channel purely develop the trustworthy relationship between sellers and customers.
The YouTube is the best free advertising platform for business to catch attention of public. This enables businesses to display the products. For example, two realtors have competed with each other on a trading places programme shown on YouTube (Real Ralph Bending Estate Agency: Trading Places – Somerset Estate Agent Challenges London Estate Agent To Sell In The West Country 2009). The original inspiration is that one of the estate agents was banned from local newspapers as they simply tell the truth about the properties. So YouTube gives an alternative advertising and communication channel for small business that cannot afford to invest in TV commercials.
In addition, based on the functions of YouTube, business can make use of the channel to improve quality of customer service or promote their products. Some companies post solutions to frequently asked questions and products problems (Video Marketing 2011). Within the specific Channel or the link to firm’s website, customer support and product tours are provided to help customers get into know about products. Furthermore, companies will add the web address in the video, offer a contest or discounts. For most business users, YouTube has a free analysis tool available for users to take a glimpse of the results of video. Users can track the number of views, popularity and the ways videos are being found.
One of the most important features of Youtube is that people can get engaged with the whole YouTube community (Abrams 2011). By keeping up to date with community news and any changes in the website design and functionality, business can be informed of customer trends. It is equally effective to post link video clips on YouTube to other social media websites like Facebook and Twitter.
Facebook
Founded just 6 years, the market value has been up to $70 billion. Facebook is a legend. Now when people mention the Internet, the first jump into their mind is Facebook. Not only has people‘s social has been change, but also it helps the advertising industry.
Facebook is an unprecedented open platform Internet. The users’ data such as file photo, friends, and relation status etc. is a great wealth to Facebook. No invasion of privacy, Facebook can easily acknowledge users’ name, age, looks, and friends circle through their profile or game information. So the advertising industry could use Facebook this priceless data platform to launch advertising or develop their markets.
Most of Facebook users are identified by their real information, So it will help advertisers to know the users information and their internet real track.
For the traditional Internet advertising, it costs a lot for advertisers to track users’ conduct trace to speculate their gender, age, hobbies, consumption ability. However this information is available on Facebook. Anyone can use Facebook to advertise. He/she just need to select the combination in the self-help advertising service. For example, only to a married 35 years old or above, live in Hong Kong woman display ads, or only for Taipei in a day to work of company white-collar display ads.
Because Facebook is a platform associated with real life and social. Incorporation with Facebook, the space and form of advertising will be greatly expanded. Through the spread by SNS, the fission influence and transmission will be much larger. For Example, on Valentine’s day, Honda send out a virtual gift, this is a little love red heart, writing with “content moment also should fill the tank.” This is the Honda brand advertising. 750,000 gifs were sent out. When users received the gift, they will send it to their friends, another 750,000 people. People start to talk about Honda, as a result, Facebook helps Honda win 200 million times display. This is the interactive advertising model with Facebook. In the future, it will be more and more popular
Future Services and Benefits
In the future social media will provide so many new services compared to the services that they are providing to the customers now. One of the major service that social media will provide is to help companies to do the decision making process by allowing them to integrate the social feedback. Many companies use social media to make strategic decisions and execute organization’s marketing plans and objectives etc. This will allow creating new executives who think and behave in new ways.
Lots of people share their videos on social media on nowadays. People can shoot high definition videos and upload it to Facebook, YouTube and other social media networks. According to the article ‘10 ways social media will change in 2011’ by Ravit Lichtenberg (2010) there were 5.4 videos were viewed and among them, 2 billion are on Facebook. In present those videos can only be uploaded but cannot edit them. However in the future, this video experience comes with new technology such as filtering, tagging, editing and locating tool. Most companies will use videos to provide information, so that they do not need to present it via text form. For example in Tweeter, it will allow them to use video for status messages than using text so that people will get more attracted and understand more about the company.
It is bit hard to manage relationship in present social media. However in the future people believe that there will be simple platforms and applications such as Diaspora, Path and Looppa to make communication easier. This will help people to create smaller and context specific communities. For companies this will allow facilitating custom branded, dynamic and engaging experience on online properties.
Today Facebook credits have become the mandatory virtual currency, which allows people to purchase items in games and other applications on the Facebook platform. Unfortunately these credits cannot be used to purchase physical goods directly, but some websites allow watching movies with Facebook credits. For example Warner Brothers activated viewing of the Dark Knight via its Facebook page for 30 Facebook Credits. However according to the article “A look at the future of Facebook credits” by Jason Kincaid, it says that they have now introduced a new feature called App2user credit. This allows users to earn Facebook credits in ways that don’t involve paying with their credit cards. It has also been mentioned that these facebook credits could be used as the web currency in the near future. And these credits could offer a secure way to shop across a multitude of websites.
Another future service of Facebook is to allow people to create super public profiles. In this, people can create their profile and place their advertisements; pictures and parts of the profile will be advertised around the web. Updates of the profile will be posted on billboards as Facebook ads. With these profiles people can do their advertising. For example if a company has super Facebook public profile about the company, then they can do advertising via that profile, so that people who visit that website will intend to buy things from that company.
Nowadays YouTube can only upload videos and watch them via computers and smartphones such as iPhone etc. This is an disadvantage because people do not always use computers and also only few people have smartphones. However in the future YouTube is planning to allow people to upload their videos and watch those at anywhere such as living room, kitchen and outdoor etc. Therefore people can watch videos and upload them by using most of pocket devices such as phones and new video cameras.
YouTube movie rental service is another service that YouTube is planning to execute in the future. YouTube is making partnership with Hollywood film companies such as Warner Bros, Sony and Apple iTunes. This will allow people to watch new blockbuster full high definition and full-length movie for a cheaper price of $2. This will save time of people because they do not have to go to video shops to rent DVDs. With this service, people can buy or rent films and store it in the video store on YouTube.
Conclusion
YouTube and Facebook hold a promise of influencing businesses positively and enormously. If businesses are to utilize the opportunity of having customized channels as offered by YouTube, there is no doubt that such businesses will market themselves widely. Potential customers have the advantage of viewing the advertisement in video form, in addition to the chance of giving feedback as offered by YouTube applications. YouTube opens room for cheap advertising since it is free to the public hence allowing small enterprises to be seen. The functionality of YouTube enhances better customer service as the company can respond to FAQs via the YouTube channel or provide necessary links. It is also possible to assess the popularity of a given advert or product by tracking the number of views hence enhancing better decision making. It is also important to note that YouTube can be linked to other social sites such as Facebook hence giving synergistic results to the business. The open platform feature of Facebook plus the wealthy demographic data can be tapped by businesses to realize more effective advertising and marketing strategies. By tracking users, businesses can be able to customize advertisements. As a real life social media, Facebook is a rich platform for creating interactive and widespread advertising.
The future of the above two technologies is also very promising for businesses. Companies will have an opportunity to get social feedback thus enhancing decision making. The video feature in these technologies will be greatly developed and open up interactivity and customization. Facebook credits as a form of virtual currency is a foreseeable feature. Super public profiles will also enhance advertisement. YouTube services will soon be accessible using common handsets and cameras, in addition to promising rental services for the entertainment industry.
References
10 Ways Social Media Will Change in 2011. Web.
5 Ways Merchants Can Start Utilizing Facebook Credits. 2011. Web.
Abrams, M, 2011, 9 Effective Ways to Use YouTube for Business.
Andrews, R, 2009, Gifts, networking make firm sparkle; online jewellery firm has used social media for 10 years to grow company to $50 million in sales, The Gazette.
Benjamin, C, 2011, Business Day (South Africa): Online boost for business, Business Day.
Chad Hurley On The Future Of YouTube: We Will Conquer Every Screen | TechCrunch. 2011. Chad Hurley On The Future Of YouTube: We Will Conquer Every Screen | TechCrunch. Web.
Real Ralph Bending Estate Agency: Trading Places – Somerset Estate Agent Challenges London Estate Agent To Sell In The West Country, 2009, M2 Presswire.
Video Marketing, 2011, Enterprise, Vol.17, No.2.
YouTube to launch movie rental service | Technology | guardian.co.uk. 2011. YouTube to launch movie rental service | Technology | guardian.co.uk. Web.
Currency transactions conducted online are a common form of monetary operations made today due to the extensive functionality of payment systems and methods. In addition, the principles of ensuring the security of such operations allow avoiding significant risks and guarantee interested parties the reliability of moving assets in the virtual space. However, in conditions of expanding opportunities of online trading, traditional currencies sometimes give way to cryptographic ones, which are characteristic exclusively of the Internet environment and, at the same time, perform the role of unified means of payment. As an object of analysis, this work aims to evaluate Facebook’s Libra, a virtual currency introduced by the world’s most popular social network. In addition to an opportunity to purchase goods and services, this payment tool has convenient functions and sufficient advantages to become a single online transactional instrument. The introduction of Libra as a new currency is justified by the usefulness of creating a simple financial asset that can be positively accepted due to the worldwide expansion of virtual money.
Facebook’s Reasons for Developing Libra
The announcement of the release of the new Libra cryptocurrency was presented by Facebook management on June 18, 2019 (“Libra Association,” n.d.). According to Vasudevan (2020), the token of the same name will be the main payment element. It can be exchanged through standard operations by using funds that are denominated in the selected currency. Also, Libra is a convenient tool for safe paying for goods and services online. The cryptocurrency is not involved in credit and loan systems and is designed solely to support duty-free money transfers among interested parties (Vasudevan, 2020). Facebook management decided to develop this payment system due to its easy accessibility, which translates into an opportunity to pay for purchases in any place and condition. Also, the convenience of generating assets is one of the incentives to introduce such a payment mechanism. Two key sources of money dominate – investors who are willing to promote the Libra and users of virtual tokens. The simplicity of the mechanism is a valuable aspect that explains the intention of Facebook management to include this system as a single platform for paying for goods and services via the social network.
Libra’s Difference from Other Cryptocurrencies
One of the differences between Libra and other cryptocurrencies is the presence of a guarantor, which is a certain amount of real financial assets. Vasudevan (2020) notes that each token of the system is protected by securities and bank deposits. In other words, the cryptocurrency has an appropriate background that protects its owners from the loss of assets and maintains the validity of all transactions. The management of reserves is organized to prevent Libra volatility. At the same time, the advantages and strengths of other cryptocurrencies, for instance, Bitcoin, are preserved. Transaction speed, reliable data encryption, hassle-free cross-border transfers, and other convenient functions make Libra a useful tool for paying for goods and services.
Another significant difference between the considered system and other cryptocurrencies is its stable cost. According to Vasudevan (2020), compared with other means of virtual payments, Libra guarantees that the network of financial flows will not fall and will not be interrupted, even if some of its validators are compromised. As a result, the reliability and stability of the cryptocurrency are its essential advantages and distinguish it from other virtual payment systems.
Consumer’s Reasons for Choosing Libra
As an ordinary consumer, I would prefer Libra to other cryptocurrencies for several reasons. Firstly, one of the important advantages of such a payment system is the lack of banks as intermediaries and financial coordinators. Since in standard transaction systems, there are threats associated with depreciation and other unforeseen exchange impacts, their intermediation carries certain risks. Libra, in turn, eliminates the participation of third parties in coordinating financial transactions and allows conducting all payments quickly and safely.
Secondly, the convenience of this cryptocurrency lies in the absence of the need for lengthy registration procedures. Authentication via Facebook makes it possible to avoid authorization on external platforms and helps to quickly switch among the possibilities of virtual payment. In addition, users of the social network can control their assets freely and have stable access to all necessary information, which eliminates the risks of unforeseen errors made in the process of managing funds.
Finally, Libra is a cryptocurrency that is suitable for all global financial transactions. It may be utilized by both individuals and legal entities as a single tool for paying. For ordinary consumers, such a system helps eliminate the challenges caused by lengthy bank transfers and requests processing. In addition, developers pay particular attention to intuitive control over finances, which can be carried out due to any gadgets. Therefore, the choice in favor of Libra is an objective decision to evaluate the advantages of this convenient cryptocurrency.
Libra’s Governing Structure
Libra has a clearly established mechanism for managing and coordinating the activities of the entire system. In the description of the Libra Association, which is an organization with a complex structure, the Libra Council is referred to as the key governing board (“Libra Association,” n.d.). It is responsible for all decisions and activities of the project. A board of directors includes a list of individuals who control the Libra Association’s various aspects of service delivery, for instance, operating officers, communications specialists, and other posts. This complex system is a convenient mechanism for monitoring the activities of the project at all its levels and contributes to establishing productive and smooth operations.
Today, Facebook seeks partnerships via the Libra Association and interacts with various market players. According to Vasudevan (2020), such a strategy helps the corporation to implement individual development plans successfully because communication with large market participants opens up great operational potential. Since Libra has not yet become a global cryptocurrency, the company’s management needs to ensure its stable support and promotion in different circles. Therefore, partnerships with large Chinese banks and other reputable members of the global financial community open up growth prospects for the Libra Association and stimulate the interest of potential investors.
Reasons for Companies to Join the Libra Association
One of the reasons why different companies can pay attention to the activities of the Libra Association and join it is an opportunity to create a simple and stable system of direct payments. As Azouzi and Echchabi (2019) note, Facebook’s project is developed so that to “unite payments on a global scale and lower transaction costs,” thereby giving stakeholders an opportunity to avoid complicated transactional procedures (p. 84). For international organizations, such a system is not only convenient but also safe since large financial flows are easier to control when the number of operations is minimized.
Another incentive for companies to join the Libra Association is open data collection mechanisms. Vasudevan (2020) argues that Libra’s predictive algorithms help expand the opportunities of the platform and provide partners with a convenient system for evaluating an investment. Active participation in the project allows for a more convenient data collection process, and the cycle closes. Thus, the management of the Libra Association, and potential investors, and partner companies can benefit from productive interaction and establish effective cooperation strategies.
Joining the Libra Association
CEO’s Perspective
When acting as the CEO of a business organization, I would pay attention to the Libra Association and take an opportunity to interact with it. There are a number of reasons why this decision is objective and logical. For instance, when dealing with cryptocurrencies, using Libra is a good solution due to its stable cost. In conditions of economic instability and financial fluctuations in different industries, this characteristic is of high importance and guarantees the safety of assets.
Another potential incentive to collaborate with the Libra Association is a contribution to business development, in particular, an opportunity to interact with other major participants in the global financial community. Contracts with banks, which the Facebook management concludes today, are the key to broad operational possibilities in the future. Joining the Libra Association means participating in a system of international economic processes accompanied by creating partnerships and joint projects. As a result, this interaction has long-term prospects and may become the basis for successful market growth. Therefore, the interaction with the considered association is characterized by valuable perspectives and can be considered by the CEO of a business organization as an opportunity to increase the authority of his or her company.
Regulators’ Approach to Libra
The Libra Association, as a new player in the global financial market, has significant advantages over many competitors due to the flexibility of cash flows and monetary practices that allow tracking any illegitimate capital gains. At the same time, regulators from different countries and, in particular, the USA, as Vasudevan (2020) notes, react ambiguously to the possibility of the emergence of a new cryptocurrency. One of the fears is a complete transition to Libra as a single monetary unit of payment for transactions within Facebook. Regulators cannot prevent the social network from promoting a new financial mechanism and engaging potential partners and investors. Nevertheless, specific coordinating boards may incur obligations on the company to include support for other currencies in order to prevent the potential expansion of Libra and the depreciation of the dollar. Vasudevan (2020) mentions congressional hearings that took place in the summer of 2019, and Libra Association’s activities were discussed in the context of the threat of a new economy emergence. Thus, regulators can coordinate the activities of the association in question, while not prohibiting the use of a new cryptocurrency.
Measures Taken by Regulators
Despite regulators’ concerns, the Libra Association is a project that does not aim to monopolize its new currency as a single transactional tool. In accordance with the missions that the management sets, transparent membership conditions are promoted, and cost reduction for many people is proposed (“Libra Association,” n.d.). However, in order to safeguard the global economy, regulators may offer appropriate changes in the work of the Libra Association and oversee its activities based on the existing legislation.
In particular, one of the measures is the segregation of commercial activities from payments. According to Vasudevan (2020), regulators explain this practice as the need to “protect household savings from the speculative excesses of fund-managers” (p. 32). Another measure is to prevent the provision of freedom to financial institutions to conduct business independently. Vasudevan (2020) states that such an outcome is fraught with the loss of control over many enterprises’ economic indicators. As a result, regulators should pay attention to the legitimacy of companies cooperating with the Libra Association and coordinate the activities of the organization in question on the basis of the existing financial legislation.
Main Risks and Concerns for Market Participants
Despite the advantages of Libra as a new cryptocurrency, there are some risks for various stakeholders, including financial market participants and ordinary customers. For instance, for investors, there are no severe threats, although, in general, for these interested parties, profits will not be significant since all rights to Libra belong to Facebook. Digital risks are threats to customers, and they are associated with account hacks. According to Vasudevan (2020), users’ personal data are not always protected reliably enough to ensure complete security. As practice shows, Facebook has already encountered cases of information leakage, and such a result is potentially dangerous if the situation concerns real financial assets. For central banks, concerns suggest a threat of lower customer numbers and decreasing spheres of influence because Libra has the potential to replace a significant share of many domestic currencies. Finally, for Facebook itself, risks lie in the impossibility of entering the markets of individual countries and the potential costs of legal proceedings. However, all the described concerns do not exceed the advantages that the new cryptocurrency possesses.
Benefits for Facebook
The implementation of the new project is valuable and potentially profitable for Facebook. The world-famous social network can increase its capital significantly if many users and partners utilize the services of Libra. In addition, growth opportunities open up new markets and business directions. Partnerships with foreign corporations and major market participants are the key to sustainable activities and, in addition, increase the company’s credibility among stakeholders.
The provision of free services to the population is one of Facebook’s priorities. Based on the development plan, the ability to help users to reduce their costs meets the business development strategy and is highly significant in the context of achieving customer loyalty (“Libra Association,” n.d.). Thus, promoting Libra globally has several potential benefits for Facebook as a company that interacts with millions of stakeholders and seeks to enhance its business potential.
Conclusion
The convenient and potentially profitable cryptocurrency Libra is a good Facebook solution due to the ability to simplify financial and economic relations among various stakeholders. This resource is unique and differs from other types of virtual money. Engaging with major market players is a legitimate Facebook managers’ strategy, and involved partners can also benefit from such collaboration. Regulators’ approach to the Libra Association should not contradict the existing legislation, but certain measures may be taken to protect domestic currencies. There are some risks for different stakeholders, but Libra’s advantages outweigh its potential weaknesses. The development of the new currency is in line with the innovative development strategy promoted by Facebook and is a profitable solution for the corporation.
References
Azouzi, D., & Echchabi, A. (2019). Libra announcement: Does it have an impact on Bitcoin’s price? Journal of Innovation in Business and Economics, 3(02), 83-90. Web.
Libra Association: Moving to a formal governance structure. (n.d.). Web.
Vasudevan, R. (2020). Libra and Facebook’s money illusion. Challenge, 63(1), 21-39. Web.
From the results of the survey conducted to determine why several people who are strangers to Joy choose to add her as a friend, various things stands out that motivate different people of differing personalities when it comes to choosing the people they want to link with or communicate directly with in social networks such as facebook. Physical appearance contributes a lot concerning the issue of responding to friend requests on facebook.
The biggest number of strangers chooses to add Joy or accept her friend request based on her physical appearance. The evidence that they got of her appearance follows from her profile picture and the pictures that she has in her albums. The survey therefore provides the evidence that facebook users seem motivated by the physical appearance of a particular user in making their decisions on whether to accept the person as a friend or not.
Interpersonal communication
This theory tries to elaborate the reason as to why people use different kinds of communication in the effort to construct social reality. This is usually true to people who share a common history or wants to know each other better. One of the responses given by most respondents to Joy’s question as to why the different strangers chose to accept her as a friend despite the fact that they did not know anything about her apart from the facebook profile and picture was “you are way too pretty to be rejected as a friend”.
The statement confirms that most facebook users add strangers of the opposite sex as friends for the simple reasons of wanting to associate with people they think are pretty. According to the interpersonal communication theory, such people use the various means of communication to create a society with the people they add as friends.
It is only when they have a direct connection with the people they fancy that they can fulfill such needs. People who fall under this category should however understand the possibility of some users creating fake profiles, attaching pictures of other people thereby tempting other to view them as theirs. People with malicious intentions have been on the record using this strategy to trap unsuspicious victims.
These include sexual predators, kidnappers and serial killers who have used the strategy to lure their prey into having private dates or meetings with them and consequently harming them (Hadnagy 58). As evidenced by the kind of direction that the conversations between Joy and her stranger friends took, most of the Facebook users who add a stranger as a friend have the ultimate intention of wanting to have face-to-face contact with them and possibly establishing a relationship.
Loneliness further explains why people added Joy as a friend despite her strange personality. As revealed in the survey by Joy, there are those respondents who did it based on their lonely state thus choosing to confirm her friend request to get someone to talk to making it worth noting from the study that all of those respondents were male.
This gives the impression that social network users with specific concern to facebook find friends with whom they can share their problems and as a result improve their dull lives. When a lonely person receives a notification that a cute looking girl wants him/her as friends on facebook, this definitely brightens their day even when they have no clue concerning the personality as well as the motive behind the person.
Therefore, this emphasizes on the number of facebook users who use the social network as a means of seeking company especially in times of their loneliness. To an extent, others under this category seek a lifetime companionship or relationships through sending and accepting strangers as friends on facebook. To them, facebook functions just the same manner that other dating networks function.
To these users, the decision to add a member of the opposite sex can lead to the person even becoming their soul mate or close companion. As elaborated in the study, when Joy tried conversing with these strangers, the conversation included the strangers initially trying to impress her by commenting in seemingly impressive manner to her status updates then finally asking her out or wanting to develop a more intimate relationship with her.
Considering that the interaction does not take long before they bring the subject up, it is evident that this can also be taken advantage of by people with bad intentions to capitalize on the loneliness of some users and end up harming them at long last.
Impression management
In impression management, people try to influence the perceptions of others by regulating the amount of information they share in social networks. A number of respondents in the survey revealed that they wanted to interact more with Joy and get to know her better hence adding or rather accepting her as a friend. The number of such respondents was almost equal in the two sexes with only a variation of one.
This indicates those facebook users who add strangers with the hope of interacting more with them and getting the chance to know them better. Through the interactions that they receive later, interpersonal communication as facilitated through facebook, the users interact without necessarily encountering each other face-to-face to the extent that they really know each other and treating one another as good friends rather than strangers.
Through this interaction, if a particular user had assumed a false identity, it would definitely come out to the friend, as they have no hurry in making face-to-face interactions. This category of friends would comment in the manner to try impressing Joy as described in impression management.
They would do this seemingly disinterestedly to provoke her to explain further her situations and further enhancing the chances of knowing each other well. The almost equal number of respondents under this category declared mere appearance as not the only reason behind their sending or accepting the request. Facebook users who portray this characteristic are least exposed to danger since they only get to network with other users who use the social network to get friends and nothing else.
Other facebook users sent friend requests to anyone that they think to share similar interests. For instance, the survey conducted revealed that several male and female respondents confirmed or sent friend requests to Joy on this ground. Users under this category spend time looking for friends whom they believe they have common interests with through perusing through their profiles as they appear on facebook. Many people interpret what a person describes on the profile as a real description of his/her interests.
However, one has to note that before he/she accepts another’s friend request or before another accepts his/her friend request, the person has a limited access to the strange person’s profile and therefore cannot claim to have similar interests with a person that he/she knows little or completely nothing about . Afterwards, that one person can claim to share interest with another after they have become friends.
This means that when a stranger sends a friend request and claims to have done so because they share similar interests, the receiver should have all the reasons to worry.
FIRO theory
FIRO theory is based on the main contention that people engage in a group in search of the needs of inclusion, affection and control. This theory tries to explain the reason as to why facebook users choose to add friends to satisfy these needs. People need not to ignore the fact that adventurous people send requests to find strangers whom they share similar traits.
For instance, some girls showed similar interests with Joy in that they asked about her hairstyle, make up or skin products. This indicates those who after establishing the relationship or after viewing Joy’s photos saw that they had several things in common.
Such category of people seemed to share concerns with Joy when she posted on her wall that something was bothering her. Due to the need for inclusion, and the need for affection as clarified in the FIRO’s theory, these strangers commented on her status to show the concern they have to a person they share attributes and interests. For instance, as a show of the need for inclusion, many friends would want to have their comments count.
This is majorly through the creating of unique and creatively constructed comments that stand out from the rest. With this, the person commenting has the assurance that people will notice the comment. This creates a kind of competition for whoever writes the best comment that will be appreciated by the user. A person feels that the need for inclusion is satisfied when the person ’likes’ their comment.
Conclusion/So What
Based on how easily it is for one’s character to change, it suffices to declare the issue of accepting or sending friend requests to strangers a bad practice that people need to avoid as much as possible bearing in mind that each stranger has his/her strange personality. People have witnessed cases of kidnapping happening as a result. For instance, young women and men have reached the level of establishing online relationships with people they do not know.
Since some seem easy-swayed, reports of their missing occur on a daily basis as they try to meet their strange partners with the whole story ending tragically. Therefore, the concerned people need to consider such consequences that may occur in the future because of accepting strangers as friends. Of importance therefore is to get a prior understanding of the people one wishes to associate with in social networks such as facebook since the networks have suffered a good deal of abuse by people with ill motives.
Since it is through the sending and confirming of friend requests that one gets friends in facebook, it is good to define the motive that one has when sending such requests or confirming them especially from strangers considering the dangers that emanate from that particular decision. Portraying patience in one’s interaction with strangers on facebook is a good strategy to ensure that he/she does not fall easy prey.
The appearance of a person, proved in this case only by the profile picture or a number of uploaded albums cannot prove the identity of a stranger. The claim follows since facebook, the free social media, bears no regulations or restrictions and a person can even assume a false identity with the aim of luring another less suspicious facebook user into meeting with him/her.
Facebook users should therefore consider the need to have a clear intention as to why they choose to add or confirm friends on facebook. The victims of issue should avoid considering the appearance of a stranger to assume that the person can make a good friend. The use of the data given in a person’s personal profile should also not be a reason why one should choose a stranger as a friend in a social network such as facebook.
In cases where by one suspects a friend s/he has already added or has already confirmed, there are security measures to employ on face such as ‘unfriending’ the person blocking them. These options give facebook users a chance to manage their accounts by carefully choosing the friends with whom to associate.
Works Cited
Hadnagy, Christopher. Social Networking: The Art of Human Hacking. New York: Wiley, 2007.
Padgett-Beale company operates in the hotel industry, providing short-term housing and lodging for tourists, visitors, and travelers. Some of the services the company provides on its properties include catering, meals, conferences, events, entertainment, amenities, and various others (King, 2017). Padgett-Beale also operate several recreational vehicle parks. In order to compete with others in the hotel industry, the company maintains a presence on the World Wide Web, providing a resort affiliates program, online advertising and promotions, assistance in architecture and design, consulting, insurance, and guest loyalty programs (King, 2017). Social media plays an important part in Padgett-Beale’s online advertising and marketing strategy, with Facebook being one of the primary vehicles of delivery (King, 2017). The purpose of this paper is to evaluate Facebook on the subject of cybersecurity and compatibility with Padgett-Beale’s cybersecurity philosophy and goals.
Facebook Coverage and Security Issues
Facebook is one of the largest social media platforms, with over 2.85 billion unique users (Arrate et al., 2020). Effectively, almost every second individual on this planet has a Facebook account. Nevertheless, despite having the finances and the capabilities to protect its users, the company’s cybersecurity practices are almost always lagging behind. Facebook frequently shows itself in the center cybersecurity scandals (Arrate et al., 2020). The latest leak occurred in April, 2021, with 530 million users’ (almost 20%) data exposed as a result of hacking attempts (Straub et al., 2021). Facebook did not notify users about the breach, which runs contradictory to Padgett-Beale’s cybersecurity goals, with aims to protect its own privacy as well as that of its clients (King, 2017). This was not the first breach of this kind, as similar incidents repeat approximately 3-4 times each year, with Facebook promising to improve cybersecurity but failing to deliver (Straub et al., 2021). It shows that the company’s approach to privacy and client data protection is lacking.
While Facebook does provide larger coverage than any other company in terms of the userbase, there are inherent risks to using it as an advertising platform for Padgett-Beale. Some of these risks include attracting potential offenders familiar with Facebook cybersecurity architecture and gaps in it, while the other involves exposing employees to these risks through having them participate in marketing efforts on the site (Konyeha, 2020). Padgett-Beale should limit the use of Facebook by its marketing department only to the purposes of advertising and promotion (Konyeha, 2020). Fan-groups for such a company could become a liability and a target for hackers, exposing not only the company, but clients also.
Employees should not be allowed to use Facebook during the workday, or have work-related accounts on the site. Since Facebook is susceptible to losing personal data, it could allow malware and other forms of hacking enter Padgett-Beale’s systems through the individual’s smartphones (Konyeha, 2020). The company should invest in cheap work-phones that would be used for work purposes only, without access to Facebook or most other social media sites.
Potential recommendations for Padgett-Beale in regards to Facebook can be summarized as following:
Use Facebook for advertising and promotion purposes only, with as little sensitive data exposure as possible;
Employees are prohibited from using Facebook during worktime and are to utilize company-provided phones for the purposes of communication;
Facebook should not be used as a means of communication between customers and employees, nor is it a safe vehicle for intercompany communication. Instead, Padgett-Beale should research smaller and more secure communication providers.
The means outlined above are in line with Padgett-Beale’s cybersecurity strategy and would improve its systems’ overall resilience to outside threats.
References
Arrate, A., González-Cabañas, J., Cuevas, Á., & Cuevas, R. (2020). Malvertising in Facebook: Analysis, quantification and solution. Electronics, 9(8), 1332-1340.
King, V. J. (2017). Pargett-Beale, Inc. Web.
Konyeha, S. (2020). Exploring cybersecurity threats in digital marketing. marketing, 2(3), 12-20.
Straub, J. (2021). Cyber-mitigation: Cybersecurity emergency management. Journal of Emergency Management, 18(6), 463-473.
There was a thought once that Internet would eradicate social divisions and inequalities among the Americans but the emergency of Facebook after MySpace showed that this was far from reaching. The movement of teens from MySpace to Facebook brought about this reality. The introduction of Internet did not make people colorblind. In essence, the internet mirrors and boosts everyday life, advancing racism and class-based divisions in American society.
Class and race are magnified in the social sites by tastes, aesthetics, and language and network structures. Many teens had used MySpace before Facebook came up, and it was cool for all until it was associated with black cultures that brought about hip-hop. Many elites, in this case, the whites, thought that this was endangering the lives of their well-behaved children. This led to banishing MySpace and forcing the kids to detach from the social site. It was associated with ghetto that was connected to the life of the black race.
MySpace and Facebook are not explicitly defined in terms of race but associations have proved this right. Social networking sites provide youths with a platform for socializing with friends for matters of personal preferences, safety and presence of their friends. The teens in America segregated along the same lines that shape their social relations, which include socio-economic status, race and ethnicity, educational goals and lifestyles.
Moving from MySpace to Facebook happened because of the above-mentioned reasons. It is true that values and norms of a person are directly linked with his/her identity and membership. Additionally, norms always differ across racial and ethnic groups, and as Tatum (1997) says, they are reinforced as people of color seek to identify with their racial and ethnic background.
MySpace was associated with gangster lifestyles, and this never went well with the elites. As a result, self-segregation emerged entailing belonging, identity development and navigated systematic racism. As a result, the Blacks preferred something that would show their lifestyle to the best advantage, something that would not compromise them.
With emergence of Facebook, which many viewed clean and well secured as opposed to MySpace with its spammers which had held its users as hostages, many teens moved to the new social site. The cleanliness in Facebook did not go well with the teens who preferred bling in MySpace to express themselves. These happened to be the mostly blacks, and thus, the segregation and movement touched on race and class.
Teens love style that brings out their identities and social groups, which MySpace allows them to express while Facebook is a little bit stringent on the same. This called for divisions, especially when people of color chose MySpace for this simple aspect while the whites moved to Facebook with its limited options.
These styles navigated race and class automatically. Additionally, taste was an aspect that was a key in teens’ engagements with MySpace and Facebook. Many of the youths listed their musical tastes on their profiles in MySpace. The most liked genre that stood out was hip-hop, which stemmed from the black culture. This made it easier for the black teens to bling in MySpace because of identity expression ability.
In conclusion, all these aspects touched race and class that led to the movement of some people from MySpace to Facebook. The social sites will always carry these aspects with them shaped by race and class. This is so because MySpace was viewed as for the ghetto, which signified uneducated people, while Facebook, just as it started in the college, was for the elites. The elites happen to be the whites here while the rest are the people of color.
Works Cited
Tatum, Beverly. 1997. ‘Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria’ and other Conversations About Race. New York: Basic Books. Print.
Many people still think that Facebook as well as other social networks is something highly negative. These people mention security hazards, creating a digital world and escaping from reality. However, now it is clear that Facebook is a positive phenomenon that helps many people in their (professional, academic and private) lives.
It is possible to focus on three major criteria: aesthetical, practical and ethical. Notably, Facebook helps people to share their ideas, images and pictures, and this helps them express themselves aesthetically; this social network also has a practical implication as Facebook users may communicate, share news and find old as well as new friends; finally, Facebook helps people consider a variety of ethical issues and develop specific ethical patterns shared by the entire society.
Aesthetical Criteria
First, it is possible to evaluate Facebook in terms of aesthetic criteria. Facebook users tend to share lots of pictures and photos and this can be regarded as a certain kind of self-expression (Zywica & Danowski 6). Notably, all people try to satisfy their aesthetic needs without even knowing it.
Of course, the most important reason for changing profile photos or uploading pictures and images is to become or, at least, seem popular so Facebook users upload “the attractive self-presentation style” (Zywica & Danowski 20). However, in this way people also express their aesthetical views.
Thus, they upload images and photos which are the most attractive, in their opinion. It is possible to state that Facebook encourages its users to create and to develop their aesthetical taste. While trying to become more popular, Facebook users explore new ways to express themselves.
They are not afraid of experimenting. They are also exposed to a variety of other pictures and images that can help these people develop certain aesthetical tastes. Therefore, this social network helps many people express themselves in terms of their aesthetical taste, which is very important for a human.
Practical Criteria
Furthermore, Facebook has a number of practical implications. In the first place, it is a very effective way to search for friends one has lost somehow (former neighbors, classmates, fellow students, colleagues or even relatives). It is also quite an effective tool to make new friends online. Some try to achieve certain popularity with the help of this social network. Notably, they are quite successful (Zywica & Danowski 6).
Apart from this, Facebook has also become a certain tool to generate public opinion. This social network expands “the potentials of individual opinion into public opinion, the achievability of participation and the development of a transnational, deterritorialized public sphere” (Valtysson 80).
Thus, Facebook has become quite a significant power. People communicate their ideas which eventually become public opinion. The Spring Arab Revolution also showed many implications of the social network. People shared news and Facebook was one of the few sources of true facts about the situation in the countries as people who lived in the areas shared images and photos that depicted events of those days.
Ethical Criteria
Finally, Facebook is a positive phenomenon as it is also associated with ethical issues. First of all, Facebook is associated with such ethical issues as people’s attitude towards privacy. Facebook is a certain kind of embodiment of this ethical discourse. Thus, many people share really intimate information and then suffer from their own sincerity.
It is still unclear whether people can share their intimate stories, but Facebook may help find a solution to this ethical problem. Apart from this, Facebook users tend to discuss a variety of ethical issues. Of course, some users may discuss certain issues in quite an unethical manner, e.g. using sarcasm, irony and parody when talking about such serious issues as ethnicity, religion, etc. However, these cases are not that numerous.
Thus, Facebook encourages people to discuss really important issues and, in the majority of cases, public opinion shapes the conclusions made. It is possible to state that people often learn quite valuable lessons as they are exposed to a variety of life stories. This is the way Facebook helps people develop specific ethical beliefs which are in tune with the ethical patterns accepted in the society.
Conclusion
It is possible to state that Facebook is a positive phenomenon as it helps people develop. Thus, Facebook helps people develop their aesthetical tastes. Besides, this social network has a variety of practical implications, e.g. people can find their once lost friends and make new ones.
Finally, Facebook helps spread certain ethical patterns which reign in the society. Of course, as any other phenomenon, Facebook has some drawbacks, but the three criteria evaluation clearly shows that this social network is a positive phenomenon that leads to development and progress in many spheres of human’s life. Perhaps, it is time to stop looking for negative sides of the phenomenon. People should start focusing on the positive things about Facebook to make it an even more effective tool to develop the human society.
Works Cited
Valtysson, Bjarki. “Facebook as a Digital Public Sphere: Processes of Colonization and Emancipation.” Creative Commons License 10.1 (2012): 77-91. Print.
Zywica, Jolene and James Danowski. “The Faces of Facebookers: Investigating Social Enhancement and Social Compensation Hypotheses; Predicting Facebook and Offline Popularity from Sociability and Self-Esteem, and Mapping the Meanings of Popularity with Semantic Networks.” Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 14.1 (2008): 1-34. Print.