Category: Facebook

“I became a Journalist to come as close as possible to the heart of the world”

Introduction

Introduction to Journalism:

Journalism plays a very important role in today’s world. Journalism is a field of mass communication, which is related to studying, broadcasting and announcing of different world affairs which includes politics, fashion trends, government related and other issues to a wide audience.

Journalism spreads over history, it really started in the 1600s. The history of Journalism is closely related to the growth of science and technology. Before the establishment of different printing press, the word of mouth was the primary source of getting information.

After the creation of first printing press in Germany. Due to printing press people of Germany became more educated regarding different events happening around them. The first periodical in the history of Journalism was released in 1655, with the name of Oxford Gazette. From the 18th century, newspaper has always been the prime source of communication, then radio and TV in the 20th century and internet in the 21st century.

The face of Journalism was completely changed after the invention of first ever radio by Guglielmo Marconi in 1895. It gave Journalism a new name of Radio or Audio Journalism. Radio Journalism is type of Journalism in which news is transmitted through electronic signals. By the 1950s almost every country has its own state owned radio broadcast system completely operated by the state government. Radio became very much popular for entertainment purpose rather than for informative purpose. After the invention of Television which is considered as one of the most influential medium of Broadcast Journalism, provided both audio and video to its audience.

There are different forms of Journalism which includes Advocacy Journalism, Data Journalism, Citizen Journalism, Photo journalism, Interactive Journalism, Investigative Journalism etc. Journalism works in different areas which includes Arts, Business, Politics, Entertainment, Environment, Fashion, Sports, Science, Technology, Trade, Weather, World etc. Journalism works under different mediums which includes Print, Television, Radio and Internet.

Journalism has a significant value to the world because of global economy and almost a global society. In today’s world it is very important for us to know what is happening around us. Journalism is like a medium between the authorities and the people. Its main objective is to make people aware about their rights.

What is the purpose of Journalism? Why we need Journalism in our society? The main purpose of Journalism is to serve its people belonging to every community, religion and country. Journalism provides the information people need to make decision about their lives, their democracy and their society.

Introduction to Social Media:

Now moving on towards the importance of social media. Social Media is a phrase which is made up of two words,

• The first word “Social” means interacting or communicating with people.
• The second word “Media” means interacting with other people through a medium of communication such as internet.

Social Media is a tool which enables people to share different content with each other. But remember social media is a web based communication tool.

Social media is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. Social plays a very important role in our lives. It helps us to stay connected with people who are very important to us. Social media also keeps us updated about different events happening around the world. Without Social media platforms it is impossible to live in today’s world.

There different platforms of Social Media such as:

• Facebook
• Instagram
• Twitter
• Linkedin
• Quora
• WhatsApp
• Snapchat
• Youtube
• Pinterest
• Google
• Live
• Yahoo.

Social Media has completely changed the face of Journalism forever. It has completely changed the challenges and role of a Journalist. In today’s time reporting content by journalists is not fulfilling for the audience. The audience looks forward to have a choice in what information they want to see and most of the people wants to have an active part in contributing to the content and voicing their opinions on different situations and cases.

Journalism has been around us for a long time, but today Journalism is getting more interactive and engaging through social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Snapchat, WhatsApp etc. Social Media is playing a vital role in creating a bridge between Journalism and the Readers. Very less amount of people are watching news on news channels first hand, instead they are watching or hearing about it through different social media platforms. Twitter and Facebook has emerged as a powerful informative tool, notifying about different world disasters, current affairs, fashion related information and different revolutionary uprisings. After seeing Facebook and Twitter, Snapchat has also launched its new section “watch via Snapchat” through which users can get informed about what is happening around the world. Thanks to Social media which made journalists even closer to its audience than ever. Now, audience don’t have to wait for the anchors to tell them the news. They simply can watch any news or any event on social media. Also they can share this news with friends and family as well. Social Media provides a platform of live reporting to journalist. Journalist can share live recording of event from anywhere. Journalist are using social media for making their contacts with big brands, for gathering information and promote brand goals. Social media provides useful analytics to the media houses which they can use for changing marketing trends.

But for this assignment we are going to study only one social media platform which is Facebook. What is Facebook and how it is effecting or changing Journalism?

Introduction to Facebook

Facebook, an American company was launched in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg and his fellow class mates Eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes at Harvard University. Its headquarters are located in California. Facebook is one of the largest social media website in the world, with more than 2 billion users from all around the world. Facebook is a free social website, where anyone can make their account for free. Facebook is used for both commercial and personal use. People can create their own personal accounts, pages, groups, communities and many more. The company earns money from the advertisements on the website. Facebook has given businesses and professionals a whole new vision of social media marketing. Now a day’s, many organizations are using Facebook for their business purposes and promoting their products and services globally. Facebook has given Journalism a new platform where anyone can share news related to different industries such as Fashion, Media, Sports, and Politics etc. Many international news channels such as The New York Times, Daily Times, Express Tribune, Dawn are using different social media platforms for sharing different news.

Research

According to Pew Research Center, Around 68% of Facebook users, uses facebook to see what friends and family are up to. Nearly 62%, uses facebook to see their friends’ photos. Nearly around 38% users uses facebook for engaging in conversations with friends and family and sharing one’s own photos or videos (28%). Around 16% of Facebook users sees Facebook for getting news, on par with the proportion who say posting personal updates (17%) or playing games (14%) are major reasons.

Facebook changing Journalism

Studies have shown that almost every journalist from around the world is using different social media platform such as Facebook for News making, News sharing and for News selection. When it comes to social media, Twitter has been the platform used by journalist for news reporting and reaching out to the sources largely but with Facebook continuing to scale and becoming more and more public. It offers journalist a variety of options such as writing a content beyond 140 characters and to share it with the public plus to connect with the new sources of information.

Facebook has given Journalism a new platform, by introducing Facebook Journalism Project. The aim of this project was to strengthen its ties with different media organization and to provide these organizations with bigger platform to expand their audience and to promote trusted news in the “Post-Truth” era. The main aim of this project was to create more unique and creative ways of news telling and news sharing, to promote “News Literacy” among the journalists and to support local news as well. This project has provided news industry with a news tool known as “Instant Gratification” which posts news item directly on facebook without pointing users to news websites. Facebook is working with different other projects such as News Literacy Project to develop a number of public service advertisements on different social issues.

“According to the Pew Research Center, more than 40 percent of American adults get news on Facebook.”

Now a days, many Journalists, Politicians and Celebrities are using Facebook Live a way to connect with their audience in real time. Facebook Live is a feature of Facebook which allow users to live steam video with their audience. The features allows the targeted audience to comment on the video and displays how many people are viewing your video.

Facebook has a huge role in news industry because of its ability to reach huge audiences. Many notable news organizations are using Facebook Live because that’s where the young and energetic audience is. Many freelance and independent journalists are also using Facebook Live for sharing news with the audience without investing a lot of money on technical infrastructure of a news channel.

The advantage Facebook has over other social platforms is the absolute number of sources it presents for journalists. At National Public Radio, its 1.5+ million-member Facebook community is invaluable for finding sources, said Eyder Peralta, an associate producer on NPR’s social media desk.

One of the major advantage of Facebook is that it provides its users with an option to privately message any other individual on Facebook without having to be their friend. Because of this any news reporter or manager of any news channel can privately message any person from his/her private facebook account. If he finds any interesting personality he wants to interview.

“A total of 30 billion content is shared on Facebook each month.” With so much content moving into the news feed, Journalist are finding a potential voice by boosting and detailing quality substance to interested viewers.

In some cases, news coverage would have been impossible without Facebook. Libya is a great example of it. Peralta told NPR that when its own Journalists were banned from the country. NPR was able to get pictures and videos through Facebook posted by users in Libya. Facebook is becoming a more public platform rather than a private platform because of the tools such as Openbook which helps journalists to search public information on FB, Journalist can find news related to any event through this option. Other tools such as Facebook questions enables journalist to find expert opinion on specific topics and by using this tool they can also generate public opinion on any topic.

Facebook has been building up to enhance its connection with different media institutions and journalists from all around the world. Last July, the company told the media that they will help media institutions by enhancing their product to increase viewer’s engagement with media organizations. From July, different media organizations has seen 100% plus increase in their traffic from facebook. The company is also providing training to journalists on how to use facebook platform effectively and by taking their feedback on how we can improve this platform. The company has also launched a new post in their organization with the name of Journalist Program Manager, which will help journalist to use facebook as a reporting tool.

Conclusion

Change is very important in every field. For journalism it is very quick because of technology. As technology keeps changing very fast, the art and style of journalism changes as well. Social media platforms, like Facebook, Instagram.

It is often said that Facebook is taking advantage of teens and adults by giving them gift cards for installing apps that let companies collect data from their smartphones. On one side, I see that receiving gift cards simply for some information is quite an interesting concept. This is because one can make some fast, easy money. A few extra dollars for a few clicks with the once thought pristine reputable company of Facebook seemed to be so safe but really isn’t. Facebook took the trust of so many users for their own research gain. Most reasonable people believe that Facebook is in the wrong for invading the privacy of younger audiences as young as the age of thirteen years old but, after all, younger audiences are quite vulnerable.

People that use Facebook often have their suspicions that the app is listening and collecting information even when not being used and I believe in that observation as well. Facebook’s access to our personal information happens around the clock. They can follow every like, click, and search that a person may have made on their phone or computer. While one is sleeping the app reviews everything that person has been up to. These teens or adults might not know any better and do not realize how much of their privacy is being viewed just by installing these apps that are being told to download. After all, it is the easy money that attracts them. Their vulnerability is their absolute greatest weakness.

Research shows that since 2016, Facebook has been paying users, some just as young as thirteen years old, up to twenty dollars a month just for installing an app called Facebook research. Yes, some minors at the naive age of thirteen are being lured. The app gives Facebook access to private direct messages, photos, videos, emails, web searches, and browsing activity. When I was thirteen, I surely believed I could make decisions this significant. Looking back, I was wrong about such notion. Ultimately, a thirteen-year-old is unexperienced and should not make a decision on sharing his/her privacy. Some might argue that a thirteen-year-old has no business on Facebook and fault guardians for allowing them to be. My belief is that Facebook has a greater responsibility to turn them away instead of pulling them in. If their research states, they were thirteen; they obviously knew this fact and did not reject participation without parental consent. The sharing of privacy also includes people around them that are being photographed and unaware to the extent details are being shared. This could be absolutely anyone at a family festivity or work gathering. It was also found that Facebook extended a surveillance feature for teens to add to their phones. This allowed Facebook access at any given time to see what the user was doing. The main concern here is that Facebook was not completely transparent on all of the abilities this app would have. Facebook advised that they were finding a way to interest the younger generation to use Facebook. Ultimately, what is at stake here is privacy. The extreme action Facebook has taken to invade privacy for research and marketing purposes is not acceptable. For example, Apple was not happy about this information either and banned the Facebook research app from being able to be downloaded.

This is not the first time Facebook has gone to extreme lengths just to get more information out of their users. Back in 2013, Facebook bought a company called Onavo and allegedly used the Onavo app to get more information about WhatsApp. WhatsApp is a messenger app that allows text messaging, voice calls, images and other various types of media, including the user’s location. Facebook bought the WhatsApp for nineteen billion dollars just to access more information out of people and their interests. As a result, Facebook could possibly become more popular and make more money. Apple’s reaction to the Onavo app was similar to the Facebook research app and was unavailable to be downloaded by the public. Facebook privacy may seem to be monitored by Apple, however, overall privacy for all audiences thirteen years and older is still vulnerable.

Just recently last year in April, Mark Zuckerberg (chief executive officer of Facebook) went to court for leaking people’s personal private information. There was a complete disruption by the majority of the Facebook users because they were unaware that they were becoming just extra information for the experiment conducted by Facebook full of personal and private information. It is a disgrace that they knowingly went to extents to prey on the ignorance of users desperate for an extra quick buck. People may disagree with this by saying that social media within itself is public. Social media is public but private messages and private information should remain private if that’s what a person is wanting. Facebook dips into some people’s private things and lures others in by going off of the messages and seeing what interests people the most. People truly believe that with the new technology that has come to market serves as a protector to online privacy. We have all seen the advertisements of spy ware prevention. Quite frankly the opposite is true. There is no software that will keep what is posted on social media private. Facebook has always been reputable in the eyes of many consumers especially those of our youth.

Ultimately Facebook is wrong for knowingly asking users as young as thirteen years old to download apps for research for their own gain. It is also wrong for Facebook to ask users of any age to download an app without transparency of what the app will view and follow. Privacy is privacy. We should always protect the privacy of ourselves and others around us.

Facebook is the social platform that allows people to connect with anyone around the world through this social media platform (Laudon, 2017, pg 159). The users create their profile where they can share their photos, videos, interest and other information that represents them (Laudon, 2017, pg 159). However, Facebook actually collects all the users’ information and shares it to advertisers and thus it benefits the social networking site (Laudon, 2017, pg 159). The advertisers attract the users based on the information they shared for example age, education, or specific interests (Laudon, 2017, pg 159). The CEO of Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg, repeatedly mentions that individuals want to be more open to the world but it is uncertain if this is the true case. Facebook requires the world to be open and connected to increase the revenues (Laudon, 2017, pg 159).

Facebook’s business model is completely based on aggregation and how it distributes the users’ information. The social platform is free and therefore it convinces people to create an account where they share all their information. Since Facebook can gather, save and analyze the data which allows it to sell targeted advertising (Laudon, 2017, pg 160-161). In other words, Facebook’s business model is privacy.

Facebook has encountered many controversies while developing into a successful company. Unfortunately, it did not warn the users that they could manage the information they shared with external parties. For the people, Facebook hypothesized that they had the users’ consent to gather their information through Beacon, the company’s advertising service only if they did not utilize the “opt-out” feature (Facebook Beacon, 2019). The service established the “opt-in” feature available where the users could completely disable it but surely the company did not control the extend at which the service violated the privacy of the users (CBC News, 2009).

When Facebook introduced the Sponsored Stories feature, the same chaos occurred (Laudon, 2017, pg 160). For the organization, a considerable weakness is that Facebook users do not feel safe sharing their information but the advertisers rely on that information. Many users have tried to delete their accounts however they had to get help from watchdog groups (Laudon, 2017, pg 160). For the technology, Facebook underestimated the users’ privacy needs when it introduced Beacon, because it shared data about the users they had not voluntary agreed to share (Facebook Beacon, 2019). This service originally had the “opt-out” feature and although users used the feature, the service still sent data to Facebook nonetheless the users’ activity on their account (Laudon, 2017, pg 160). Even though users deactivated their accounts, Facebook does keep the information of the users (Laudon, 2017, pg 160).

In my opinion, Facebook cannot have a successful business model without invading privacy. Facebook is a social network website which allows its users to communicate with others. It is one of the largest and growing social networking sites in the world. They have the opportunity to find their friends, communicate with them and use different applications on it. The main focus of the business model is to generate revenues and profits so as more people register, the brand image grows. High schools, colleges and universities have used Facebook as a way to communicate with the students about school activities and other useful information therefore, more students join it. The effectiveness of the collection of data is what determines Facebook’s growth potential because the more data it collects, the more advertisers it attracts. It is clear that Facebook depends on advertisement because it the principal source of revenue.

References

1. CBC News. (2009). Facebook shuts down Beacon marketing tool. Retrieved from https://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/facebook-shuts-down-beacon-marketing-tool-1.832698
2. Facebook Beacon. (2019, February 04). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_Beacon
3. Laudon, K. C., & Laudon, J. P. (2017). Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm (15th ed.). Pearson

Facebook is a social networking site based in California, formerly names as FaceMash, used for you to easily connect and communicate with people online. It was launched on February 4, 2004, by its creator, Mark Zuckerberg. Its purpose was to help people become more aware of what was happening in the world. Mark Zuckerberg wanted to help people understand the world better. He wanted to create an environment where people could freely share and express any information they wanted. Making the world open was the main purpose of this application. In order to spread this advocacy more, Facebook Messenger was created. Facebook Messenger is a messaging app specially designed for Facebook users, originally developed as Facebook Chat in 2008. Its service was further developed in 2010.

Facebook has recently released a new version of Messenger, which is the new Facebook Messenger 4. The purpose of the messenger is to connect to people and instant messaging. It’s all about the easier-to-use and simple access messaging. The new update which includes color gradient chat bubbles, aim to provide more choices of personalization for their users. It provides easier ways to navigate through the application; powerful and new ways to personalize your conversations keeps things familiar and was created with the audience or users in mind. Messenger’s recent update focuses on how it would be easier for the user to find the features they like and allows the user to further personalize and bring out the creativity in the shared conversation. The redesign aims to make the chat client simpler. Nine tabs reduced to three that is easier to use. Chats are still filled with all of the functionality that’s come to Messenger (such as games, bots, and reminders), but much of this is now hidden behind a new four-dot. The last versions have plenty of icons to press and quite complex. The update of Messenger aims to satisfy the audience request and that is to use the application the messenger uncomplicatedly, able to navigate their messages, reminders and daily story.

Improvements are necessary for terms of mobile applications. Constant updates are important to ensure that the application satisfies the users. Recently, the messenger application had a new update that focused on the overhaul of the user interface. Upon updating, many users recognized the pros and cons of the new version. In the new update, many users were pleased due to the application becoming easier to navigate. From nine tabs, the navigation buttons were simplified to three tabs only which are the Chats, People, and Discover tabs. Another visible improvement was the cleaner and more user-friendly interface. The messenger’s design has a high contrast because the background is mainly white and the texts are mostly black in color. The placing of icons is also well-organized and a search button is present for easy accessibility of old messages. There is also a noticeable improvement in the quality of stickers, emojis, and emoticon. The newer version loads photos, gif, and other files relatively faster than the older version because of its simpler interface. Another upside of this update is that the file size of it is smaller than the previous version. Lags, glitches, and bugs significantly lessened in the updated messenger. For users who love the personalization, additional chat colors were included in the update. These additional colors consist of ombre pink, green, blue, orange, and blue-green.

But not all of the updates were pleasing to users. One significant downside of the update is that it no longer has a shortcut specifically allotted for group chats. This lessened the accessibility for older group chats because the user still needs to search for the name of their group in order to find it. Another disappointing fact is that the placing of advertisements was not improved and they are still alongside the messages which add confusion. There is also no improvement in terms of the degrading quality when uploading or sending photos using messenger which can be solved by placing a specific button that enables users to send original quality photos. Lastly, the biggest disappointment is that the promised dark mode stated by the developers before the update was not included. The dark mode is supposed to change the color of the messenger app to a completely black theme that makes it easier to view it in low lighting condition.

There are a lot of messaging applications available nowadays. Because of this, the demand to be able to satisfy users is heightened. Two of the most trusted messaging apps with video calling options are Facebook Messenger and Apple Inc. Facetime. These two applications are both compatible with IOS. The Facetime advantage to the messenger is that it has a smaller app size of 16.8MB than the 33MB file size of the messenger. Unfortunately, Facetime is not compatible with android devices and it does not support widgets, unlike Messenger. Messenger, on the other hand, is compatible with android and windows phone too. Messenger has fun stickers for people to choose from. Lastly, Messenger can send videos and capture photos that Facetime do not offer.

Messaging app is very important in today’s time because a lot of people are far from their loved ones. This encourages developers to make more on the messaging app. One of the messaging apps is Kakaotalk. It is a mobile instant messaging application with free text and call features. Kakaotalk is smaller in app size relative to its competitor Messenger for both IOS app which has a file size of 27.1MB and Android which has a file size of 13MB. It also has a built-in translator useful for discovering people when messaging. But messenger has its advantages too. The messenger has features such as commenting and tagging that Kakaotalk does not have. This means you can share content quickly and easily engage with a community. It is also helpful because you can message any people who are using the app. Another advantage is that android messenger has chat heads that are very convenient. Apart from their differences, the two also have similarities. They both feature personalization of chats that is useful for group chats. Lastly, they both can capture and send photos and videos that are important for people to be able to share what they are experiencing to their loved ones who are apart from them.

It is essential to be able to communicate with other people. One importance of Facebook Messenger in our daily lives is that it serves as a medium to be able to communicate with people, local or international. Also, this app sends messages instantly to people needed to be contacted. Another importance is that it can send photos and videos of significant events to our beloved ones that are far from us. Connecting to other parts of the country is hard but with the messenger, we are able to do that and also discover other people across the globe. As a student, there are plenty of requirements required in school specifically group works that demands being able to contact members of the group and with this app, students can send different types of files in messenger. Lastly, the messenger is also an additional form of entertainment for people who are idle and are experiencing boredom with the use of its built-in games.

The messenger app seems to be a necessity nowadays. A lot of people are using it to communicate with their loved ones, friends, and acquaintances. The messenger app is continuing to improve to fulfill the needs of the users in terms of communication. In further improving the application, there is always a battle between pros and cons. And for this update, there were a lot of improvements like the cleaner and better-looking interface, lesser lags and glitches, faster loading of the application and the additional chat colors for personalization. But there are also downsides like the omission of shortcuts of group chats, no improvement in terms of the placement of advertisements and degrading quality of photos, and unfulfilled promises of new features. Overall, the pros of the new Facebook Messenger update outweigh the cons. Even though there are still features lacking in the update there is always room for improvement in the mobile application world. Let’s just hope that the future updates overturn the cons of the latest version.

Risks of Using Networks

Social media has become a huge part of how people interact with each other in our society. The majority of adolescents use one or more social networking sites. Facebook is still the big one, but other sites, such as Instagram, Twitter, Snapchat, and TikTok are becoming increasingly popular.

Whether or not these sites are healthy social outlets is still debated. Some say that they are valuable tools for adolescents to hone their social skills. Others say just the opposite — as young people become more and more dependent upon social media as their social outlet, they are losing the ability to interact effectively in person. The debate rages on. However, social media presents other, more pressing dangers.

There are many risks faced by young users of social networks like:

• Cyberbullying
• Not protecting their own privacy
• sharing information with people who don’t know or trust
• losing control over a photo or video has been shared
• identity theft
• seeing offensive messages and images

Too much passive use of social network – just browsing posts – can be unhealthy and has been linked to feelings of envy, inadequacy and less satisfaction with life. Studies have even suggested that it can lead to ADHD symptoms, depression, anxiety and sleep deprivation.

Here are also some other dangers of using too much social media:

1. Sharing too much

While it certainly isn’t advisable for kids to post information about the school they attend or their upcoming whereabouts, typically speaking, online predators work in much more nefarious ways than showing up at a given location they found out about on online (more on that in a bit). On the other hand, identity thieves thrive on knowing the everyday details of people’s lives, as they can offer more info than posters realize.

Identity thieves love social media because people talk about their pets, their hometown, their favorite sports teams, etc., which are all usually the answers to security questions and passwords” It’s very easy for somebody looking on social media to steal someone else’s identity just by paying attention to the things they say and do.

2. Assuming private means danger

Kids think that when they use social media, they’re safe if they set it to private. But when they accept the requests of friends of friends, mutual friends, people they may know and people they played games with, it’s a different issue. Privacy equals control, and when a child posts a picture or a comment, they need to remember that they’re transferring control of that thought, feeling, special moment or image to all of the people that they are sharing it with, and there’s nothing to stop followers and friends from sharing it with others or even turning it into an embarrassing meme.”

3. Not having clear-cut phone rules

Regardless of when you give your child a phone, you want to restrict their use on it to avoid the issues above. Furthermore, drawn-out rules should be put in place from the get-go to avoid power struggles and arguments.

4. Online bullying

Online bullying, gossiping, and verbally abusive language can send a teenager into a profound depression or spike their anxiety beyond their ability to manage it, resulting in panic attacks, phobias, and obsessive-compulsive behaviors.

Children who create or post inappropriate, offensive or even illegal content in their own or others’ web pages could get them into trouble with their school, or friends, or even break the law, depending on the nature of the material. It’s also important that young people understand the longevity of posting something online. Once content is uploaded onto a website, it could potentially stay online forever. Regardless of whether the owner takes down the content, anyone who had access to that content could have copied it for themselves, kept it for their own records or distributed it further. Content which is uploaded online can be copied, altered and reposted by anyone and it is very diffi cult to ‘take back’ things that may be later regretted. This can damage reputations and even future prospects.

Perhaps most importantly, members create a listing of friends which allows them to communicate online and gives mutual access to more private content (such as photos). The potential threats of the social network Privacy Privacy is always a concern for any communication exchange carried out online and children often do not understand the risks involved in giving out too much personal information on the Internet. This is of particular worry when such information is given to an individual who your child does not know personally to; they may argue that someone is an online ‘friend’ but to all intents and purposes that person is effectively a stranger. To many children the online world isn’t the same as the real world and they can often behave in a way they would never do face to face, and say things they would never say, leaving them much more vulnerable in an online environment. They may also be less protective of personal details such as their mobile phone number or address, which could have undesirable implications for them. Age-inappropriate content The Internet provides access to all kinds of content at the click of a mouse – but not all of that content is suitable for children and young people to see. While you may have the appropriate parental controls set up on your computer your child may still be able to access inappropriate material if someone in their social networking circle makes it

Imagine someone born in the early 1900’s entering a modern-day classroom. They would likely be confused as to what televisions, computers, cell phones, and other electronic devices are. It is also likely that they would be overwhelmed by the instant access to information that the internet provides. Digital media has become a large part of people’s everyday lives especially with the rise of digital media in classrooms. Digital media is growing so rapidly that people who are not adapting to this shift in culture are falling behind and becoming victims of the “digital divide”, this is leaving people misinformed. Digital media has a large effect on the way that people communicate, this is especially evident in the way that students interact with one another and the information that they learn. The use of digital media often leads to students being misinformed and / or being unable to communicate positively with one another. Many people are unaware of just how large the effect that this technology has on their life because it has become such a normal thing.

The past two decades have seen dramatic change in the way that people interact, and this largely has to do with the rapid development of digital media. There are many different forms of social media, and all of these forms are constantly changing the way in which young people are communicating. This technology has become a significant part of the everyday lives of many students, both in and out of the classroom. The education curriculum has been slow in recognizing the trends of the internet.

One big negative of Facebook is that it does create a safety risk. Children can encounter child predators, which has already happened to teens and children all over the world. Kids on Facebook could also be exposed to foul language, inappropriate adult talk and pictures, and R-rated content. In addition, they could become the victim of cyber-bullying, or become the bullies.

There are people who lie. There are people who are under 13 [accessing Facebook]. Facebook removes 20,000 people a day, people who are underage. He adds that dealing with underage users is something the site works on all the time. (Tan)

In fact, the law provides some protection when it comes to children under the age of 13; it gives parents control over what information children can disclose. (Schaffhauser) To help protect children, there is the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act, which requires parental consent before they can collect information and allows parents to view profiles. The Federal Trade Commission determines if the web site is directed toward children by the content and if they deem it is geared toward children, they must comply with The Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act. (COPPA) Another negative, is that children need to spend more time outside enjoying real life activities: hanging with their friends in the real world skating, playing ball, riding their bikes, and playing at the park. Hanging out in front of the computer is contributing to childhood obesity.

Consequently, being a parent comes with the responsibility of protecting and ensuring that our children are safe. Parents use to tell their kids not to talk to strangers, not to take candy from strangers, not to open the door for strangers are all well and good but now we have to add, watch out for strangers on the Internet. This can be proven to be even more dangerous, if we don’t monitor our children. Many kids on Facebook and MySpace post pictures, full name, addresses, and the school they attend and even cell phone numbers. Thus, all this information is easily accessible at the click of a button to anyone. These sites are providing child predators with the exact information they need to track down our kids, right at their own back yard.

In Feb. 2009, MySpace identified 90,000 registered sex offenders with profiles on the site, while Facebook declined to reveal how many were present on its site. (ProCon)Social networking sites can’t identify every sex offender. Therefore, parents can get software that can help monitor their children. Internet security firm Check Point released software that lets parents monitor their children on Facebook, it scans friends request and communications, and it alerts parents to certain words. Check Point vice president of consumer sales Bari Abdul said:

It’s about protecting your kids from the social threats out there, while still respecting their privacy and fostering open communication. We are offering Facebook users a simple way to embrace social networking safely. (Software)

Check Point cited a survey indicating that 38 percent of teenagers have ignored requests from parents to be friends on Facebook, and that 16 percent of children have only done so as a condition of using the social network.

However, some will argue, that with the proper adult guidance and monitoring, Facebook can be a safe and healthy place. Parents can set the account as private, and log in frequently to monitor their behavior. Or, they could even sit next to them and monitor them at all times while on the site. Also, there are some websites that have minimum age requirements to set up an account. MySpace, for example, requires users to be at least 14 years old, and the profiles of all users under the age of 16 are automatically set to “private” so they cannot be found during a general search. There some advantages of allowing a child to have a Facebook account.

It helps them become acquainted with using the computer and today’s technology. It can help children stay connected with their long-distance Grandma. They can get homework advice and can keep up with the happenings of other distant family. Also reported 50% of students with a social networking site, use it to discuss homework. (ProCon) In. addition, we can keep kids safe by letting them go on social network websites geared for children

Above all, it’s important to be a part of your child’s life. It’s hard when they want their own lives, and their moods change by the minute. But you are still their parent and they are still children in many ways. Whether their behavior indicates it or not, they need you. Truly, parents need to also open the lines of communication between their kids. The truth, parents are the ones who pay for the computer and continue to pay for the Internet each month. Therefore, we have the absolute right to ask our child about their sites and have the right to see their MySpace and Facebook accounts.

As a final point, MySpace and Facebook have changed society in many ways. It’s a parental choice to allow their children on Facebook. While there are disadvantages, with the right parental control, it can be a positive experience for youth.

Dana L. Fleming, a Boston area attorney that specialized in higher education law, is the author of the article “Youthful Indiscretions”, discusses the consequences of what young users post online and how institutions should take some steps to monitor social media usage of students and prospective employees. Fleming Opens the article by introducing social media giants My Space and Facebook. She states how making an online identity and friends is easy, as well as how these identities can be detrimental. Fleming continues by informing readers about the specifics of how easy it is to find friends and groups on these sites, and how this ease of access can lead to predators preying on young users. She then gives examples of students and potential employees losing opportunities because of what they have posted online. She illustrates how monitoring social media is somewhat difficult but not impossible. She suggests that instead of constantly monitoring all social media accounts, monitoring should be targeted. Fleming muses on whether schools and employers should limit access or regulate the information via laws and regulations.

In the article, Fleming brings to attention the hazards of sloppy social media practices, often by young users, and questions whether parents, school officials, potential employers, and law enforcement should monitor or regulate social media. First, she gives background information on two social media giants, My Space and Facebook, and describes how easy it is to sign up and make friends. She points out however that these “online identities and friendships come at a price” (paragraph 1). She gives examples of students and potential employees losing opportunities and jobs because of what they had posted online. She then details the dangers of social media to young users by presenting cases of sexual assault by online “friends”. Fleming brings to attention that “Forty-five attorneys general are pushing MySpace to adopt more parental controls and an age verification system” (paragraph 10). She suggests that college administrators should monitor and enforce social guidelines for social media users. Finally, she goes on to reiterate that what is posted online is not as privates as it may appear, and advises that schools “treat them like any other university activity, subject to the school’s code of conduct and applicable state and federal laws” (paragraph 18). Fleming appeals to ethos throughout the article with her verbiage, sources and examples. She appeals to pathos giving emotionally provoking cases of the victims who fell prey to online predators and ways to prevent these situations from happening in the future. In order to appeal to logos, she gives examples of ways that social media can be monitored and possible disciplinary action that educational institutions can do.

There is only so much credibility a law attorney specializing in higher education can attain for this subject, so, Fleming furthers her credibility vicariously through the authority of other sources. In paragraphs 1 and 2, she gives background facts and statistics on MySpace and Facebook to introduce readers into the main subject of her article, namely social media use. In paragraph 4, she tells readers what is needed to sign up for one of these sites along with what is commonly posted on these sites and the ease to which one makes “friends”; she follows this up with a statistic “Thirty percent of students report accepting “friend” requests from total strangers”(paragraph 4). Later in the article she cites attorneys general, specifically Connecticut Attorney general Richard Blumenthal. She quotes the office of student affairs at the University of Maine, though ““the administrators are not monitoring Facebook,” they may act upon any violations of law or University policy if it is bought to their attention” (paragraph 12). In paragraph 15, Fleming references “Cornell’s University’s “Thoughts on Facebook””. She touches on the advertisements targeted to young users through MySpace and Facebook, and explains the “Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act”

In order to draw in the attention of parents of students, Fleming shares cases of sexual assault throughout the country, most involving minors as the victims. In one case a “13-year-old girl from Texas … lied about her age on her MySpace profile, then agreed to meet one of her “friends” in a restaurant parking lot where her friend, a 19-year-old male, sexually assaulted her.” Her parents “blame MySpace for their daughter’s sexual assault and tried unsuccessfully to sue the company for negligence” however a “U.S. District Court Judge dismissed the suit” instead criticizing the parents (paragraph 9). The perpetrators who viciously raped and robbed Colorado man, were identified by detectives via MySpace.

Fleming took a different approach to reaching out to young social media users than she did with the parents of students; she forced these readers to take a cold hard look at the consequences of improper social media usage. One University of Chicago student learned the very harsh lesson that what is posted online is not at all private; an executive from the company in which he was going to have a summer internship viewed his Facebook profile and found that he enjoys ““smoking blunts”, shooting people, and obsessive sex” (paragraph 6), causing him to lose the internship. Another student defamed a college police officer on Facebook and was reportedly expelled. These were just a few eye-opening examples that Fleming used to grab the attention of students.

Logic dictates that actions have consequences. These actions can be positive such as if a student studies for a test, they will get a higher score. Or, the consequences can be the inverse; if that same student doesn’t study for a test, they will get a lower score. And yet, they can even be neutral. If a ball is thrown in the air, it will inevitably come down. Fleming focuses primarily on the negative consequences of poor judgment about social media use. When minors are put in danger, like the girl whose parents blamed MySpace for her sexual assault, communities and legislators feel the need to protect them. She cites Richard Blumenthal, Connecticut Attorney General (paragraph 10), who wants to see the minimum age requirements for MySpace increased from 14 to 16. She states that congress introduced several bills restricting access of social media sites in schools and libraries that receive federal funding.

Works Cited

1. Fleming, Dana L. “Youthful Indiscretions.” New England Journal of Higher Education, vol. 22, no. 4, Jan. 2008, pp. 27–29.

History of Social Networks, Key Events and Major Contributors

Geocities was the first social networking site, produced in 1994, and this enabled users to form and customise websites they created. TheGlobe.com launched a year later and this enabled users to produce individualised content as well as engage with people with similar hobbies and interests. AOL Instant Messenger and SixDegrees.com were social networks launched in 1997 and this is when innovative features such as searchable profiles and instant messaging began, so users had the ability to interact with friends at their convenience.

MySpace soon came to the fore and garnered success due to it’s to videos, music and online hipper characteristics. It eventually gathered 75.9 million users at it’s peak in 2008 and it was the most visited website in the world in 2006, surpassing Google in the process. After MySpace got sold, it’s growth continued, and by 2008 it was producing around $800 million in sales. Nevertheless, MySpace lost market share to Facebook soon enough as a result of it’s easy to use format and additional functionalities. Another reason why MySpace lost market share is its 3 year advertising agreement with Google in 2006 that overloaded the website with advertisements and made the website more difficult to navigate around (Jesdanun, 2006). Despite the downfall, Myspace still exists.

LinkedIn was established in 2003 and it’s success was due to its more formal, professional and enterprised approach to social networking it had. Other social networks focused on instant messaging, gaining popularity, and displaying memorable events through a photo platform, but LinkedIn concentrated on building a database of employers and individuals with professional jobs. LinkedIn has over 500 million registered users.

Mark Zuckerburg created Facebook in 2004, and the main aim was to connect American college students. Initially it was for exclusive members only and the way to gain membership was to be invited. This feature was a hit and over 50% of Harvard students joined in the first month. 2 years later, Facebook become open to the public and by 2008, it became more popular than MySpace. Today, Facebook has over 2 billion registered users globally.

In March 2006, Twitter was created by 4 people including Jack Dorsey and Evan Williams. It’s individualistic features included limiting users to 140 characters per tweet. However, in 2017, it doubled this character limit. Being valued at $14.2 billion, it was listed on the public stock exchange in 2013 (Keith, 2019). Twitter now has 126 million users that are active on a daily basis.

In September 2011, Snapchat was created by Evan Spiegel, Bobby Murphy, and Reggie Brown (Keith, 2019). Its individualistic characteristic was that it enabled members to transfer pictures to each other that would no longer appear soon after being opened. Nowadays, Snapchat also allows people to message each other and share a “24-hour story,” giving users the ability to display and save photos for a whole day. Snapchat has around 186 million active users, being very popular among young people.

Generic Architecture to describe Social Networking and a Real World Example(Facebook)

Social Networking uses client server applications which are stored and hosted in the cloud. This requires the usage of advanced WIFI connectivity to interact with millions or

billions of members through mobile frontend technological mechanisms that can support 2 way interactions using enhanced multimedia. Such mobile devices and mechanisms are also enhanced with sensors such as GPS, microphones, speakers, cameras etc to identify geographical and environmental information. Innovations like these help to execute the most simplistic functions of Social Computing applications by forming the 4 application specific characteristics of Social Interaction, Share Content, Action Taking and Aggregate Knowledge. These 4 characteristics exist in all applications and it depends on the application which characteristic takes precedence over the other (Ginige, A. and Fernando, M, 2015).

When using these applications, the 4 application characteristics lead to to emergent characteristics that takes two forms; an emotion inside the user and a perception the user has towards the application both of which makes humans more motivated to repeat actions such as organising an event and meeting offline. Humans do act in these philosophical ways to satisfy pivotal human needs as provided in this Facebook example below.

The main application characteristic of Facebook is social interaction and this drives the other 3 applications. When the 4 characteristics work in conjunction, they lead to emergent characteristics such as trust, belogingness and acceptance. Trust can be gained in a person or business page due to likes, shares and reviews. The feeling of belonginess can be formed by joining a group that share similar interest in a particular sport, musical artist and political subject. Acceptance and inclusivity can be formed when friends or mutual friends invite one another to events or tag them on memorable photos, videos and important posts. These feelings that emerge in users are one part of the emergent characteristics (the emotion within the user as described above). The other part is perceptions they have towards to the application (Ginige, A. and Fernando, M, 2015). One perception could be the convenience of the application as a result of having easy access to a substantial variety of information on products and services . A perception of an efficient platform is created as a result of friends who live worlds apart being able to instantaneously connect. It is economic as there is no financial cost to use it as long as one has a device and business connectivity. These emerging characteristics lead to certain repetitive actions such as sharing information and organising an event. These actions are philosophically inclined to meet a pivotal human need as described in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Facebook users acted online by sharing and organising events whilst offline they phyiscally met in those events. By doing so, they socially interacted with peers hence built new and strengthened existing relationships. This relates to the level 3 of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs; belongingness.

Future development opportunities for Social Networks

The growth of social networks such as LinkedIn will only accelerate in the coming years as high-speed internet and mobile devices will go mainstream in several of underdeveloped nations of the world, who will hop onto the social and business computing bandwagon.

In addition to accelerating social growth, we could also see some shift in the popularity of different social media channels. Social networking market leaders such Facebook and Twitter could lose further market share to Instagram due it’s more mobile-friendly platform which gives it a narrower array of content type. The vast majority of social content is being consumed in a mobile environment, hence that structural advantage is significant.

Product discovery could ultimately become a social networking experience as traditional discovery channels such as online reviews and search engines lose ground to the growing emergence of social networking websites, which is highly popular among young people and probably future generations. This could lead to significant growths in social selling and social commerce in the long run. Major brands and small businesses already use and will continue to use websites such as Facebook and Twitter to advertise products and services as a result of it’s cheap marketing costs and ability to connect with mass numbers of customers.

The main determinant of social networking success will probably be video in the future. Social videos produce a mammoth 1200% more shares than text and images altogeter. Furthermore, 82% prefer to watch a live brand videos instead of reading their social media posts and 80% would prefer to view a live video instead of skimming and reading through a blog post (Hasan, 2018). Hence, marketers should tether to this demand by marketing products and services on video to remain competitive. Azriel Ratz, CEO of Ratz Pack Media, said that in 2018 ‘’LinkedIn plans to launch video ads, giving even more strength to its advertising platform: LinkedIn Ads’’ (Guidara, 2019). Generation Z is setting a social networking trend and businesses should look to exploit this by tailoring products and services through video resolutions since young people are statistically more likely to enjoy this visual form of marketing.

Part 2- Facebook Case Study

Below I will describe various technologies involved in Facebook. Although I have earlier explained how information is processed from a mobile phone to a Facebook platform and then described how this helps to meet fundamental human needs, I will be technical, also explaining how the technologies provide an enabling platform for information to flow through the system.

For Facebook, the Web front-end written is in PHP. Facebook’s HipHop Compiler then converts it to C++ and compiles it using g++, resulting in an efficient, scalable and high performing Web logic execution layer (Figuiere, 2019). This Static compilation helps to avoid dependency problems since the application can be sure the libraries are present and the correct version.

PHP stack ensures that automated backup feature for a huge social network such as Facebook occurs, which is important both as a security measure and to ensure customer and business sensitive data is not lost. In addition, PHP based solutions are quick which reduces business expenses. PHP is also open source and free.

Thift is used to expose Business logic as services. Business logic is the part of the software program that encodes the actual business rules that determine how data can be formed, stored, and adjusted. In other words, it is the programming that manages communication between an end user interface and a database. Thrift’s infrastructure provides a platform for the creation of cross-language services as well as the support of 20 languages (C++, Java, JavaScript, etc.). Another benefit of Thrift is that it can support multiple protocols on the same language. For example, the same service can communicate using binary protocol, XML or even JSON (Schoukroun, 2019). The binary encoding simplifies the manner in which substantial amounts of data are sent over internal networks. Therefore not only does Thrift ensure Facebook is multi-functional but it also promotes the transferring of large scalable data quickly so the social network runs smoothly and with few transmission errors.

Any services that are implemented in Java use Facebook’s custom application server rather than any enterprise server application. Initially this looks like a reinvented wheel but it is important to note that these services are exposed and consumed mostly using Thrift. The overhead costs of Tomcat and Jetty that come in conjunction with the usage of enterprise server applications do not provide value for money for these particular services.

Persistence programming, which can be described as data that outlives the process that created it, is done using MySQL, Memcached and Hadoop’s HBase (Figuiere, 2019).

Hadoop and Hive perform offline processing. Hadoop provides significant storage for various kinds of data as well as huge processing power and the ability to withstand many simultaneous tasks occurring together.

Data such as logging, clicks and feeds transit use Scribe.

Varnish Cache is used for HTTP proxying; one of it’s many benefits is its flexibility. The Varnish configuration language allows Facebook users to write policies on how incoming request should be received and handled. These policies dictate what information to serve, where such information can be obtained and the methods in which requests and responses are altered. This provides a smooth and hassle free experience for Facebook users, with few delays and timeouts. Other proxy servers are compatible with network protocol, FTP and SMTP, but varnish mainly supports HTTP, which is a better security protocol. Therefore Facebook user’s data is encrypted and less susceptible to hacking attempts.

Haystack, which is an ad-hoc storage solution produced by Facdebook, is what manages and handles billions of photos stored and posted by the users. Haystack brings low level optimisations (Figuiere, 2019).

Facebook has an automated system that quickly responds to monitoring alerts by launching the relevant repairing workflow. If the outage is not overcome, the issue can be escalated to humans.

Facebook Messages’ search engine is built using an inverted index stored in HBase whilst the typeahead search uses a custom storage and retrieval logic.

How user behaviours may impact on system performance.

• Facebook controls over 60,000 servers whilst 300 TB of data is saved in Memcached processes
• Their Hadoop and Hive cluster consists of 3000 servers with 8 cores, 32 GB RAM, 12 TB disks that is a total of 24k cores, 96 TB RAM and 36 PB disks. Hence, giving Facebook the platform to process data very quickly so Facebook can rollout out new products, understand user reactions as well as adjust designs in near real-time.
• In July 2010, Facebook averaged 100 billion hits per days, 3 trillion objects cached and 130 TB of logs per day. (Figuiere, 2019).

These Big Data statistics give insights into Facebook’s performance, efficiency of data processing and customer base.

Facebook has more servers than ever before to cope with the growing demand for it’s services. Many feel that Facebook has sufficient capabilities for real-time traffic to be transmitted in an efficient, rapid way without error correction and retransmission mechanisms.

However, this does not make Facebook immune to data outages. As recently as March 2019, Facebook blamed a ‘server configuration change’ for the severe outage it had for more than 14 hours. Nevertheless, a former Facebook chief information security officer, Alex Stamos, argued that the automated system that responds to monitoring alerts did not know how to handle the problem, and got stuck in some kind of loop that exacerbated the damage. Hence, human engineers are required to intervene and reconfigure a complex web of interdependent services on hundreds of thousands of systems (McCarthy, 2019).

Reasons for Facebook’s success

Facebook’s success can attributed it’s ease of use. It is very easy to update significant life events on your profile such as a new relationship, new schools or new homes, hence allowing friends to acknowledge occurrences in your life. It is also very simple to connect with friends and add friends to form a group hence Facebook can help a person achieve a part of level 3 of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs; belongingness. This is done by providing a platform that helps you build new friendships and strengthen existing ones.

Facebook consistently delivers upgrades to enhance customer experience. It is important to note that it avoids making too many drastic changes simultaneously as this would confuse and potentially upset the customer who is accustomed to a certain method of platform functioning(such as the method in which a photo can be uploaded). Facebook has added news feed, timeline, cover photos since it was founded. The security and privacy for Facebook has been developed since you can decide the people you want to share your posts and photos with by using a block list for each status. Hence, unfriendly stalkers can be avoided. Another new feature Facebook has implemented is Facebook Messenger which is a platform to video call free of charge. To sum up, Facebook has remained competitive in the social networking marketplace due to it’s continual rollout of new features.

Facebook is arguably an addiction for many young people. This is because the website alone offers a news feed, a video calling and messaging service as well as the ability to follow or like other people’s posts. Furthermore, there is an App Center, which is filled with third-party games, including Candy Crush saga. Cognitive neuroscientists have found from extensive research that rewarding social stimuli from receiving laughing emojis, positive recognition by colleagues as well as messages from adored family members can result in the activation of the same dopaminergic reward pathways that are activated when a user receives a hit of cocaine (Haynes, 2018). Facebook and smartphones have the ability to provide us with an almost unlimited supply of positive and negative social stimuli. Each Facebook notification, whether it’s a message or a “like” on a personal photo, has the potential to be a positive social stimulus and dopamine influx. In every human exists a dopamine-driven desire for social validation, and Facebook has exploited this until the point that hundreds of millions of young people have become consistent users. Social validation and Inclusivity is listed on the Maslow Hierarchy of needs.

Earlier on, Mark Zuckerberg emphasised the importance of a ‘’cool’’ and well-liked product over shareholder value; he did this by rejecting advertising clients as they were regarded as not ‘’cool’’. This proved to be a success, as Facebook garnered greater market share.

References

1. Jesdanun, A. (2006). Google, MySpace sign $900 million deal. [online] DeseretNews.com. Available at: https://www.deseretnews.com/article/645191365/Google-MySpace-sign-900-million-deal.html [Accessed 30 May 2019].
2. Ginige, A. and Fernando, M. (2015). Presented at 2nd Asia-Pacific World Congress on Computer Science & Engineering (APWC on CSE 2015) Towards a Generic Model for Social Computing and Emergent Characteristic. [online] researchgate.net. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/296488836_Towards_a_Generic_Model_for_Social_Computing_and_Emergent_Characteristics#pf8 [Accessed 30 May 2019].
3. Keith (2019). The History of Social Media: Social Networking Evolution!. [online] historycooperative.org Available at: https://historycooperative.org/the-history-of-social-media/ [Accessed 30 May 2019].
4. Guidara, M. (2019). 10 Predictions that will Change the Future of Social Networks in 2018 · Postcron – Social Media Marketing Blog and Digital Marketing Blog. [online] Postcron – Social Media Marketing Blog and Digital Marketing Blog. Available at: https://postcron.com/en/blog/future-of-social-networks/ [Accessed 31 May 2019].
5. Hasan, S. (2018). Envisaging the Future of Social Media: The Face of Social Media Landscape In 2020 -. [online] Dubai Monsters. Available at: https://dubaimonsters.com/blog/future-of-social-media-in-2020/ [Accessed 31 May 2019].
6. Haynes, T (2018). Dopamine, Smartphones & You: A battle for your time – Science in the News. [online] http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu. Available at: http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2018/dopamine-smartphones-battle-time/ [Accessed 31 May 2019].
7. Figuiere, M. (2019). What is Facebook’s architecture?. [online] quora.com. Available at: https://www.quora.com/What-is-Facebooks-architecture-6 [Accessed 31 May 2019].
8. Schoukroun, L. (2019). Apache Thrift VS REST. [online] Adaltas. Available at: http://www.adaltas.com/en/2017/10/28/apache-thrift-vs-rest/ [Accessed 31 May 2019].
9. McCarthy, K. (2019). Facebook blames ‘server config change’ for 14-hour outage. Someone run that through the universal liar translator. [online] theregister.co.uk. Available at: https://www.theregister.co.uk/2019/03/14/facebook_server_configuration/ [Accessed 31 May 2019].

In this digital age, everybody is familiar with Facebook, Linkedin, twitter or many more social media sites and though it increases the chances to be addicted to one of these social media sites. It seems no problem of using social media websites like Facebook for getting information and entertainment purposes but the problem arises when someone wastes his time and become addicted towards it. In simple words, addiction means a compulsive behaviour that leads to negative effects in one’s life, as, Facebook Addiction Disorder. Which means in this disorder, an individual continuously looks at the updates and notifications on Facebook or chasing others for hours in a single day. This essay argues about the impact of Facebook addiction disorder in one’s life. This essay will firstly discuss the symptoms of Facebook Additicion disorder than its consequences. Finally, this essay will suggest the preventions and cures get rid of this addiction.

There are numerous signs and symptoms of Facebook addiction disorder which are clearly divulged. First and foremost, addicted persons have a routine of checking and irrationally investigating through what they have skipped on Facebook in the sleeping hours. Secondly, human beings are simply wasting their valuable time looking at nonsense and procrastinate. Individuals spent a lot of time at looking over news and updates that have no significance by any means. Moreover, constantly monitors like and shares on Facebook could be another sign of Facebook addiction. The award of getting ‘likes’ from an image posted on Facebook implies a great deal to an online life fanatic. They are a type of acknowledgement and immediately become a propensity to need to check who respond to your post. Also, there are other symptoms of FAD is the yearning of connecting to the internet, if it is not available. Even though less satisfaction and happiness in one’s life can be a sign of addictive behaviour towards Facebook because they feel jealous of the friend who is superior to him in any term. Likewise, this can raise the anxiety level which affects the well-being of an individual.

This paragraph will discuss the consequences of FAD. Numerous studies have discovered that the more individuals draw in with web-based life, the less the individual ready to concentrate on his work. It prompts decline profitability and increment in lingering. Facebook Addiction Disorder leads to fatigue and stress because spending too much time on checking updates on Facebook instead of giving rest to the brain, will make the brain tried. Another ramification of FAD becomes the reason for an increase in the anxiety level due to social comparison with peers, friends and family members. Moreover, this type of feeling gives the upsurge of negative feeling such as jealousy with others. Furthermore, sleep deprivation, blurry vision and headaches due to spending a lot of time in front of the computer or mobile screens and Carpal tunnel syndrome, impulsive decision making are the upshots of Facebook Addiction Disorder.

There are a myriad of solutions on how to cure this disorder if someone wants to get rid of it. The pivotal cure for FAD could be simply turn off the notification of facebook which constantly distracting people every time. Another effective way to seriously get rid of social media is to delete the Facebook application from the phone and computer is the only way to access Facebook which is less convenient. Besides this, one can do is limit his time spent on Facebook while at the office or having meals at the home. Moreover, getting busy in another leisure activity becomes the other cure for FAD. In addition to this, not taking smartphone into the bedroom while going to sleep and disconnect from the internet can be another remedy of healing Facebook Addiction Disorder.

To conclude, as we all know everything has its pros and cons. Hence, social media is an essential part of our lives in this digital era, which provide us with a great way to connect with people at the global level for numerous purposes. It is our responsibility to understand technology will assist us to move forward, not made to squander our time and make us less productive. Being connected through Facebook can be an incredible method to interface with individuals, yet you should not disregard the significance of physical communication with others as well. Never let these online social media platforms remove your valuable time or control your life, you ought to be the one that controls them as an apparatus.

After watching the Gun Violence live on Facebook this event was about engaging the students about gun violence . I feel like this was a good forum, because gun violence is needed for us students on campus because it is not talked about a lot at all. It sucks that we have waited this long to talk about it, but with all this senseless and violence happening now we need to be educated with our legislators and police officers.

Being a young African American female I have observed countless glitches and gun violence currently that has been going on in our world today. We have poor people who can ‘t find work, an unbalanced budget, and more significantly, a problem with guns. Like every other person in this world, I am worried about being the victim of a accidental shooting.

In the most recent years gun violence has increased meaningfully in many parts of the world today. However, there are several cases of children and young adults in there twenties to early thirties that are engaging in vicious violence or getting mixed in the crossfire. There has been negotiation over whether gun laws are firm enough and what else can be done to condense such crime involvements from happening. With more and more people lives being affected on a steady basis, more worries arise as to how individuals can live safe lives when guns are being used in increasing numbers. It is discreditable to say that almost every day we are hearing about some kind of gun violence that is affecting people either in our hometown or in another part of the world.

Years ago gun violence had its problems but nothing like what’s going on in today’s current society. While there are several events that have happened that have been very outrageous, sad and senseless, comparable actions have happened decades ago; but then again the gun violence didn’t seem to happen as often as they have been lately. Gun violence has grown into an worldwide catastrophe. Some people feel like we should ban guns altogether, whereas others feel this would be intolerable. Getting rid of guns may help calm down the problem but it may not be adequate to make the problem go away. It’s sad to say that a lot of people fear going out and trying to enjoy life, because the are scared something might happen. We should be able to go out and enjoy life and have a good time.

I agreed with all the individuals who spoke. I also feel like we are living in the last days, the Bible also says this. The best thing for us to do is pray and get ourselves together. We are the future generation, so we must have an education to make an encouraging difference in the world. I feel like my generation are the upcoming leaders, but if we don’t have an education, we will not achieve anything. We will overcome, when we use our schooling to make the world a better place to live.

Introduction

One of the biggest entrepreneurs in social media and the co-founder of Facebook is known as Mark Elliot Zuckerberg, he was born in the 14th of May 1984. He was around his 20s as a Harvard freshman with a high potential for the computer programming. in just a few years he became the world’s youngest billionaire by Facebook itself.

In 2004 Mark Zuckerberg has created Facebook that is an online social media platform and social networking. The one of the reasons why the platform was formed is because Harvard did not have a book that had the faces of the people in the University.

The start, the website Facebook was meant to connect students were communicating through the website in their universities. Mark already developed a numerus of social networking websites for his friends and co-workers such as, Course match and its authorized operators to view other degrees, FaceMash was like a dating website and you could rate others appeal. However, FaceMash had to be shut down after a few days by Harvard administration. Mark had suffered by consequences by and got charged for, violating a copy right, breach of security and also individual privacy.

The website is simple, you sign up, establish a profile about yourself through answering a few questions, answering information about your interests, lifestyles fashion, e-mail address. In a few months, the platform reaches around 3 million users. In 2005, fb became open to high school students, 12 months later in 2006 Facebook became open to the public and to sign up you must be 13 and over.

Stakeholder Analyse

Facebook is a platform which have over 2.45 billion month-to-month users, and over 1.62 million people active each day, making the largest online social media platform. An enterprise without stakeholders can not run well. Facebook helps its social media commercial enterprise via corporate Social responsibility that deal with stakeholders’ pursuits. With the assist of the stakeholders, the enterprise profits reputation. The cause of those small interest corporations is to make the organisation even greater regarded and advanced by way of enhancing the offerings.

The customers are the primary and most essential stakeholders due to the fact they outline the recognition of Facebook. According to Panmore Institute, the advertisers are the second one most essential stakeholder’s leader source of fakebook’s earnings. This organization of stakeholders is massive as it immediately impacts the organisation’s economic reputation. Facebook presents a selection of advertisements that allows target a particular target market on social media.

The most essential stakeholders are the worker. they’re handling the commercial enterprise and all of the work they do need to have an excellent high-quality if not the services on social media aren’t going to be appearing. If Facebook does not provide the proper salary for personnel, they have got the right to leave the workplace and change to the competitors and dethrone the Facebook Empire.

The fourth element is the authorities. it’s far very crucial for the enterprise to maintain a terrific relationship with the authorities in the event that they need to increase the platform in different international locations. The authorities impact stay the enterprise in compliance with the authorities guidelines and interest.

SWOT Analysis

Strength

· Loyal Customer Base

· Strong Advertising Business

· Market Dominance

Weakness

· User’s Privacy Concerns

· Spreading Fake News

· Friction in Management

Opportunity

· Expansion of Existing Platforms

· Exploit Changes in Advertising Trends

· Diversify Portfolio

Threats

· Band in Several Countries (China, Iran, North Korea, and Russia)

· Duplicate & False Accounts

· Competition (TikTok)

The impact of Facebook in Society and Age Restriction

when you consider that the start of Facebook, it got the attention of a substantial quantity of individuals who afterwards became users. The website offers you the liberty to reveal yourself via posting photographs, sharing along with your friends your thoughts by writing a post. Facebook is the place wherein you could advertise your brands. The platform offers you the liberty to express yourself through making friends and sharing content

Alternatively, this platform indicates a darkish side. Many people can get depressed by way of the comments they get from others. regrettably Facebook offers an excessive amount of freedom, because of underdeveloped capability of human beings to control their state of stability, we have a tendency to waste most of the time within the virtual space, transferring far from the reality of the world. each, lonely and social active human beings become wasting their time, a few to deal with their loneliness, others to keep their relationships. What we do no longer understand is that the whole thing we get does not resolve our issues however accentuates our dependence.

Although human beings use the website on a day by day base that doesn’t suggest it’s far healthful. Many researchers have carried out survey on how terrible this website affecting other’s lives.

According to Tavis McGinn, who used to work for Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook isn’t always well regarded in many parts of the world. There are 3 nations wherein Facebook has a poor effect on society. accompanied by United Kingdom with 32.2%, Australia has the highest percentage of respondents with a 33.4% and Canada with 33.3%

Competitors

1. Being the most important and biggest social platform this doesn’t imply Facebook can not have competition. If Facebook has over 1.6 million users active a day, Google has 2 trillion searches per day each day with an over of 63.000 search queries per second. despite the fact that those websites are one of a kind from every different due to the fact Facebook is a social network and Google is an engine, they have got one factor in common that is marketing. This makes them to be in competition.

2. The most important competitor that Facebook faces is LinkedIn. it’s far a social platform with 675 million month-to-month users, 57% of the users are males and 47% are females, even as Facebook has 55% males and 45% females. Facebook have become a platform utilized by every age. a few social media have a tendency to be popular with the particular age organization. for instance, LinkedIn is popular amongst united states adults, between 25-49 years old. but Facebook has over 75% of Americans aged 18-49 years old.

Despite the fact that the sales isn’t always the same being a large difference among them, each of the websites have been created to attach humans. LinkedIn is more secure presenting a higher security than Facebook and a higher marketplace . LinkedIn changed into to begin with designed as a company recruitment platform whilst Facebook is more for socialising and connecting with friends and family.

3. Instagram has 127 million users. Instagram became offered through Facebook in 2012 for $1billion. even though it is extraordinary to mention Instagram as being a competitor, the app is valued as much as $100million.

Privacy and Safety

To create a Facebook profile inside the beginning you are requested for an email account and a good password. once you created your profile, you’re requested to pick the way you need to secure your account, which means making a decision who you need to see out of your friends, photos profile. it is very crucial to secure your account due to the fact human beings can hack it, or even sharing your non-public information to anybody. In 2019 Mark Zuckerberg spent over $3.7 billion on protection safety at the business enterprise’s platform.

Consistent with Mark Zuckerberg in an interview he clarified the cause he spends a lot in protection. He had inside the past regularly instructed to investors that the enterprise’s investments in safety and protection are massive and impacting its income.

References

1. What is Facebook? (AKA: The Evolution of Facebook). 2016. [online] Available at: [Accessed 2 June 2020].
2. Statista. 2020. Facebook Users Worldwide 2020 | Statista. [online] Available at: [Accessed 3 June 2020].
3. 2020. Mark Zuckerberg’s 2004 Interview: See How Far He And Facebook Have Come. [online] Available at: [Accessed 2 June 2020].
4. Roettgers, J. and Roettgers, J., 2020. Mark Zuckerberg Says Facebook Will Spend More Than $3.7 Billion On Safety, Security In 2019. [online] Variety. Available at: [Accessed 3 June 2020]. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00087/full
5. Panmore Institute. 2020. Facebook Inc. Corporate Social Responsibility & Stakeholder Analysis – Panmore Institute. [online] Available at: [Accessed 3 June 2020].