Category: Facebook

Facebook And Its Role In Interfering In Journalism

“I became a Journalist to come as close as possible to the heart of the world”

Introduction

Introduction to Journalism:

Journalism plays a very important role in today’s world. Journalism is a field of mass communication, which is related to studying, broadcasting and announcing of different world affairs which includes politics, fashion trends, government related and other issues to a wide audience.

Journalism spreads over history, it really started in the 1600s. The history of Journalism is closely related to the growth of science and technology. Before the establishment of different printing press, the word of mouth was the primary source of getting information.

After the creation of first printing press in Germany. Due to printing press people of Germany became more educated regarding different events happening around them. The first periodical in the history of Journalism was released in 1655, with the name of Oxford Gazette. From the 18th century, newspaper has always been the prime source of communication, then radio and TV in the 20th century and internet in the 21st century.

The face of Journalism was completely changed after the invention of first ever radio by Guglielmo Marconi in 1895. It gave Journalism a new name of Radio or Audio Journalism. Radio Journalism is type of Journalism in which news is transmitted through electronic signals. By the 1950s almost every country has its own state owned radio broadcast system completely operated by the state government. Radio became very much popular for entertainment purpose rather than for informative purpose. After the invention of Television which is considered as one of the most influential medium of Broadcast Journalism, provided both audio and video to its audience.

There are different forms of Journalism which includes Advocacy Journalism, Data Journalism, Citizen Journalism, Photo journalism, Interactive Journalism, Investigative Journalism etc. Journalism works in different areas which includes Arts, Business, Politics, Entertainment, Environment, Fashion, Sports, Science, Technology, Trade, Weather, World etc. Journalism works under different mediums which includes Print, Television, Radio and Internet.

Journalism has a significant value to the world because of global economy and almost a global society. In today’s world it is very important for us to know what is happening around us. Journalism is like a medium between the authorities and the people. Its main objective is to make people aware about their rights.

What is the purpose of Journalism? Why we need Journalism in our society? The main purpose of Journalism is to serve its people belonging to every community, religion and country. Journalism provides the information people need to make decision about their lives, their democracy and their society.

Introduction to Social Media:

Now moving on towards the importance of social media. Social Media is a phrase which is made up of two words,

• The first word “Social” means interacting or communicating with people.
• The second word “Media” means interacting with other people through a medium of communication such as internet.

Social Media is a tool which enables people to share different content with each other. But remember social media is a web based communication tool.

Social media is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. Social plays a very important role in our lives. It helps us to stay connected with people who are very important to us. Social media also keeps us updated about different events happening around the world. Without Social media platforms it is impossible to live in today’s world.

There different platforms of Social Media such as:

• Facebook
• Instagram
• Twitter
• Linkedin
• Quora
• WhatsApp
• Snapchat
• Youtube
• Pinterest
• Google
• Live
• Yahoo.

Social Media has completely changed the face of Journalism forever. It has completely changed the challenges and role of a Journalist. In today’s time reporting content by journalists is not fulfilling for the audience. The audience looks forward to have a choice in what information they want to see and most of the people wants to have an active part in contributing to the content and voicing their opinions on different situations and cases.

Journalism has been around us for a long time, but today Journalism is getting more interactive and engaging through social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Snapchat, WhatsApp etc. Social Media is playing a vital role in creating a bridge between Journalism and the Readers. Very less amount of people are watching news on news channels first hand, instead they are watching or hearing about it through different social media platforms. Twitter and Facebook has emerged as a powerful informative tool, notifying about different world disasters, current affairs, fashion related information and different revolutionary uprisings. After seeing Facebook and Twitter, Snapchat has also launched its new section “watch via Snapchat” through which users can get informed about what is happening around the world. Thanks to Social media which made journalists even closer to its audience than ever. Now, audience don’t have to wait for the anchors to tell them the news. They simply can watch any news or any event on social media. Also they can share this news with friends and family as well. Social Media provides a platform of live reporting to journalist. Journalist can share live recording of event from anywhere. Journalist are using social media for making their contacts with big brands, for gathering information and promote brand goals. Social media provides useful analytics to the media houses which they can use for changing marketing trends.

But for this assignment we are going to study only one social media platform which is Facebook. What is Facebook and how it is effecting or changing Journalism?

Introduction to Facebook

Facebook, an American company was launched in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg and his fellow class mates Eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes at Harvard University. Its headquarters are located in California. Facebook is one of the largest social media website in the world, with more than 2 billion users from all around the world. Facebook is a free social website, where anyone can make their account for free. Facebook is used for both commercial and personal use. People can create their own personal accounts, pages, groups, communities and many more. The company earns money from the advertisements on the website. Facebook has given businesses and professionals a whole new vision of social media marketing. Now a day’s, many organizations are using Facebook for their business purposes and promoting their products and services globally. Facebook has given Journalism a new platform where anyone can share news related to different industries such as Fashion, Media, Sports, and Politics etc. Many international news channels such as The New York Times, Daily Times, Express Tribune, Dawn are using different social media platforms for sharing different news.

Research

According to Pew Research Center, Around 68% of Facebook users, uses facebook to see what friends and family are up to. Nearly 62%, uses facebook to see their friends’ photos. Nearly around 38% users uses facebook for engaging in conversations with friends and family and sharing one’s own photos or videos (28%). Around 16% of Facebook users sees Facebook for getting news, on par with the proportion who say posting personal updates (17%) or playing games (14%) are major reasons.

Facebook changing Journalism

Studies have shown that almost every journalist from around the world is using different social media platform such as Facebook for News making, News sharing and for News selection. When it comes to social media, Twitter has been the platform used by journalist for news reporting and reaching out to the sources largely but with Facebook continuing to scale and becoming more and more public. It offers journalist a variety of options such as writing a content beyond 140 characters and to share it with the public plus to connect with the new sources of information.

Facebook has given Journalism a new platform, by introducing Facebook Journalism Project. The aim of this project was to strengthen its ties with different media organization and to provide these organizations with bigger platform to expand their audience and to promote trusted news in the “Post-Truth” era. The main aim of this project was to create more unique and creative ways of news telling and news sharing, to promote “News Literacy” among the journalists and to support local news as well. This project has provided news industry with a news tool known as “Instant Gratification” which posts news item directly on facebook without pointing users to news websites. Facebook is working with different other projects such as News Literacy Project to develop a number of public service advertisements on different social issues.

“According to the Pew Research Center, more than 40 percent of American adults get news on Facebook.”

Now a days, many Journalists, Politicians and Celebrities are using Facebook Live a way to connect with their audience in real time. Facebook Live is a feature of Facebook which allow users to live steam video with their audience. The features allows the targeted audience to comment on the video and displays how many people are viewing your video.

Facebook has a huge role in news industry because of its ability to reach huge audiences. Many notable news organizations are using Facebook Live because that’s where the young and energetic audience is. Many freelance and independent journalists are also using Facebook Live for sharing news with the audience without investing a lot of money on technical infrastructure of a news channel.

The advantage Facebook has over other social platforms is the absolute number of sources it presents for journalists. At National Public Radio, its 1.5+ million-member Facebook community is invaluable for finding sources, said Eyder Peralta, an associate producer on NPR’s social media desk.

One of the major advantage of Facebook is that it provides its users with an option to privately message any other individual on Facebook without having to be their friend. Because of this any news reporter or manager of any news channel can privately message any person from his/her private facebook account. If he finds any interesting personality he wants to interview.

“A total of 30 billion content is shared on Facebook each month.” With so much content moving into the news feed, Journalist are finding a potential voice by boosting and detailing quality substance to interested viewers.

In some cases, news coverage would have been impossible without Facebook. Libya is a great example of it. Peralta told NPR that when its own Journalists were banned from the country. NPR was able to get pictures and videos through Facebook posted by users in Libya. Facebook is becoming a more public platform rather than a private platform because of the tools such as Openbook which helps journalists to search public information on FB, Journalist can find news related to any event through this option. Other tools such as Facebook questions enables journalist to find expert opinion on specific topics and by using this tool they can also generate public opinion on any topic.

Facebook has been building up to enhance its connection with different media institutions and journalists from all around the world. Last July, the company told the media that they will help media institutions by enhancing their product to increase viewer’s engagement with media organizations. From July, different media organizations has seen 100% plus increase in their traffic from facebook. The company is also providing training to journalists on how to use facebook platform effectively and by taking their feedback on how we can improve this platform. The company has also launched a new post in their organization with the name of Journalist Program Manager, which will help journalist to use facebook as a reporting tool.

Conclusion

Change is very important in every field. For journalism it is very quick because of technology. As technology keeps changing very fast, the art and style of journalism changes as well. Social media platforms, like Facebook, Instagram.

Facebook: Pros And Cons

In this digital age, everybody is familiar with Facebook, Linkedin, twitter or many more social media sites and though it increases the chances to be addicted to one of these social media sites. It seems no problem of using social media websites like Facebook for getting information and entertainment purposes but the problem arises when someone wastes his time and become addicted towards it. In simple words, addiction means a compulsive behaviour that leads to negative effects in one’s life, as, Facebook Addiction Disorder. Which means in this disorder, an individual continuously looks at the updates and notifications on Facebook or chasing others for hours in a single day. This essay argues about the impact of Facebook addiction disorder in one’s life. This essay will firstly discuss the symptoms of Facebook Additicion disorder than its consequences. Finally, this essay will suggest the preventions and cures get rid of this addiction.

There are numerous signs and symptoms of Facebook addiction disorder which are clearly divulged. First and foremost, addicted persons have a routine of checking and irrationally investigating through what they have skipped on Facebook in the sleeping hours. Secondly, human beings are simply wasting their valuable time looking at nonsense and procrastinate. Individuals spent a lot of time at looking over news and updates that have no significance by any means. Moreover, constantly monitors like and shares on Facebook could be another sign of Facebook addiction. The award of getting ‘likes’ from an image posted on Facebook implies a great deal to an online life fanatic. They are a type of acknowledgement and immediately become a propensity to need to check who respond to your post. Also, there are other symptoms of FAD is the yearning of connecting to the internet, if it is not available. Even though less satisfaction and happiness in one’s life can be a sign of addictive behaviour towards Facebook because they feel jealous of the friend who is superior to him in any term. Likewise, this can raise the anxiety level which affects the well-being of an individual.

This paragraph will discuss the consequences of FAD. Numerous studies have discovered that the more individuals draw in with web-based life, the less the individual ready to concentrate on his work. It prompts decline profitability and increment in lingering. Facebook Addiction Disorder leads to fatigue and stress because spending too much time on checking updates on Facebook instead of giving rest to the brain, will make the brain tried. Another ramification of FAD becomes the reason for an increase in the anxiety level due to social comparison with peers, friends and family members. Moreover, this type of feeling gives the upsurge of negative feeling such as jealousy with others. Furthermore, sleep deprivation, blurry vision and headaches due to spending a lot of time in front of the computer or mobile screens and Carpal tunnel syndrome, impulsive decision making are the upshots of Facebook Addiction Disorder.

There are a myriad of solutions on how to cure this disorder if someone wants to get rid of it. The pivotal cure for FAD could be simply turn off the notification of facebook which constantly distracting people every time. Another effective way to seriously get rid of social media is to delete the Facebook application from the phone and computer is the only way to access Facebook which is less convenient. Besides this, one can do is limit his time spent on Facebook while at the office or having meals at the home. Moreover, getting busy in another leisure activity becomes the other cure for FAD. In addition to this, not taking smartphone into the bedroom while going to sleep and disconnect from the internet can be another remedy of healing Facebook Addiction Disorder.

To conclude, as we all know everything has its pros and cons. Hence, social media is an essential part of our lives in this digital era, which provide us with a great way to connect with people at the global level for numerous purposes. It is our responsibility to understand technology will assist us to move forward, not made to squander our time and make us less productive. Being connected through Facebook can be an incredible method to interface with individuals, yet you should not disregard the significance of physical communication with others as well. Never let these online social media platforms remove your valuable time or control your life, you ought to be the one that controls them as an apparatus.

Mark Zuckerberg: Facebook And Business Ethics

Introduction

One of the biggest entrepreneurs in social media and the co-founder of Facebook is known as Mark Elliot Zuckerberg, he was born in the 14th of May 1984. He was around his 20s as a Harvard freshman with a high potential for the computer programming. in just a few years he became the world’s youngest billionaire by Facebook itself.

In 2004 Mark Zuckerberg has created Facebook that is an online social media platform and social networking. The one of the reasons why the platform was formed is because Harvard did not have a book that had the faces of the people in the University.

The start, the website Facebook was meant to connect students were communicating through the website in their universities. Mark already developed a numerus of social networking websites for his friends and co-workers such as, Course match and its authorized operators to view other degrees, FaceMash was like a dating website and you could rate others appeal. However, FaceMash had to be shut down after a few days by Harvard administration. Mark had suffered by consequences by and got charged for, violating a copy right, breach of security and also individual privacy.

The website is simple, you sign up, establish a profile about yourself through answering a few questions, answering information about your interests, lifestyles fashion, e-mail address. In a few months, the platform reaches around 3 million users. In 2005, fb became open to high school students, 12 months later in 2006 Facebook became open to the public and to sign up you must be 13 and over.

Stakeholder Analyse

Facebook is a platform which have over 2.45 billion month-to-month users, and over 1.62 million people active each day, making the largest online social media platform. An enterprise without stakeholders can not run well. Facebook helps its social media commercial enterprise via corporate Social responsibility that deal with stakeholders’ pursuits. With the assist of the stakeholders, the enterprise profits reputation. The cause of those small interest corporations is to make the organisation even greater regarded and advanced by way of enhancing the offerings.

The customers are the primary and most essential stakeholders due to the fact they outline the recognition of Facebook. According to Panmore Institute, the advertisers are the second one most essential stakeholder’s leader source of fakebook’s earnings. This organization of stakeholders is massive as it immediately impacts the organisation’s economic reputation. Facebook presents a selection of advertisements that allows target a particular target market on social media.

The most essential stakeholders are the worker. they’re handling the commercial enterprise and all of the work they do need to have an excellent high-quality if not the services on social media aren’t going to be appearing. If Facebook does not provide the proper salary for personnel, they have got the right to leave the workplace and change to the competitors and dethrone the Facebook Empire.

The fourth element is the authorities. it’s far very crucial for the enterprise to maintain a terrific relationship with the authorities in the event that they need to increase the platform in different international locations. The authorities impact stay the enterprise in compliance with the authorities guidelines and interest.

SWOT Analysis

Strength

· Loyal Customer Base

· Strong Advertising Business

· Market Dominance

Weakness

· User’s Privacy Concerns

· Spreading Fake News

· Friction in Management

Opportunity

· Expansion of Existing Platforms

· Exploit Changes in Advertising Trends

· Diversify Portfolio

Threats

· Band in Several Countries (China, Iran, North Korea, and Russia)

· Duplicate & False Accounts

· Competition (TikTok)

The impact of Facebook in Society and Age Restriction

when you consider that the start of Facebook, it got the attention of a substantial quantity of individuals who afterwards became users. The website offers you the liberty to reveal yourself via posting photographs, sharing along with your friends your thoughts by writing a post. Facebook is the place wherein you could advertise your brands. The platform offers you the liberty to express yourself through making friends and sharing content

Alternatively, this platform indicates a darkish side. Many people can get depressed by way of the comments they get from others. regrettably Facebook offers an excessive amount of freedom, because of underdeveloped capability of human beings to control their state of stability, we have a tendency to waste most of the time within the virtual space, transferring far from the reality of the world. each, lonely and social active human beings become wasting their time, a few to deal with their loneliness, others to keep their relationships. What we do no longer understand is that the whole thing we get does not resolve our issues however accentuates our dependence.

Although human beings use the website on a day by day base that doesn’t suggest it’s far healthful. Many researchers have carried out survey on how terrible this website affecting other’s lives.

According to Tavis McGinn, who used to work for Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook isn’t always well regarded in many parts of the world. There are 3 nations wherein Facebook has a poor effect on society. accompanied by United Kingdom with 32.2%, Australia has the highest percentage of respondents with a 33.4% and Canada with 33.3%

Competitors

1. Being the most important and biggest social platform this doesn’t imply Facebook can not have competition. If Facebook has over 1.6 million users active a day, Google has 2 trillion searches per day each day with an over of 63.000 search queries per second. despite the fact that those websites are one of a kind from every different due to the fact Facebook is a social network and Google is an engine, they have got one factor in common that is marketing. This makes them to be in competition.

2. The most important competitor that Facebook faces is LinkedIn. it’s far a social platform with 675 million month-to-month users, 57% of the users are males and 47% are females, even as Facebook has 55% males and 45% females. Facebook have become a platform utilized by every age. a few social media have a tendency to be popular with the particular age organization. for instance, LinkedIn is popular amongst united states adults, between 25-49 years old. but Facebook has over 75% of Americans aged 18-49 years old.

Despite the fact that the sales isn’t always the same being a large difference among them, each of the websites have been created to attach humans. LinkedIn is more secure presenting a higher security than Facebook and a higher marketplace . LinkedIn changed into to begin with designed as a company recruitment platform whilst Facebook is more for socialising and connecting with friends and family.

3. Instagram has 127 million users. Instagram became offered through Facebook in 2012 for $1billion. even though it is extraordinary to mention Instagram as being a competitor, the app is valued as much as $100million.

Privacy and Safety

To create a Facebook profile inside the beginning you are requested for an email account and a good password. once you created your profile, you’re requested to pick the way you need to secure your account, which means making a decision who you need to see out of your friends, photos profile. it is very crucial to secure your account due to the fact human beings can hack it, or even sharing your non-public information to anybody. In 2019 Mark Zuckerberg spent over $3.7 billion on protection safety at the business enterprise’s platform.

Consistent with Mark Zuckerberg in an interview he clarified the cause he spends a lot in protection. He had inside the past regularly instructed to investors that the enterprise’s investments in safety and protection are massive and impacting its income.

References

1. What is Facebook? (AKA: The Evolution of Facebook). 2016. [online] Available at: [Accessed 2 June 2020].
2. Statista. 2020. Facebook Users Worldwide 2020 | Statista. [online] Available at: [Accessed 3 June 2020].
3. 2020. Mark Zuckerberg’s 2004 Interview: See How Far He And Facebook Have Come. [online] Available at: [Accessed 2 June 2020].
4. Roettgers, J. and Roettgers, J., 2020. Mark Zuckerberg Says Facebook Will Spend More Than $3.7 Billion On Safety, Security In 2019. [online] Variety. Available at: [Accessed 3 June 2020]. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00087/full
5. Panmore Institute. 2020. Facebook Inc. Corporate Social Responsibility & Stakeholder Analysis – Panmore Institute. [online] Available at: [Accessed 3 June 2020].

The Factors Of Facebook Smiling

In their article, Seder and Oishi (2012) ask a novel question based on previous research conducted by Harker and Keltner (2001) which had demonstrated that there was a relationship, namely a positive correlation, between the smile intensities (as a measure of expressed positive emotionality) of women in their yearbook photographs and their self-reported well-being decades later. Seder and Oishi (2012) had 2 main questions. For their first question, they examined whether positive emotional expression in informally posed photographs, such as Facebook profile pictures, are also related to future life satisfaction and whether they could replicate the previous findings of Harker and Keltner (2001). Secondly, Seder and Oishi (2012) asked how and why could such a relationship between expression of positive affect and future well-being exist, and what other variables might mediate this relationship. Also, after having successfully replicated the main findings of Harker and Keltner (2001), Seder and Oishi (2012) noted that their sample consisted of early adapters to Facebook and this might suggest that the sample may not be representative of different Facebook users, so they decided to replicate the findings, again, in another sample. They also wanted to check the relationship between other variables and extraversion again as well, so they eventually conducted a second study.

The authors had multiple hypotheses. First, they argued that the intensity of Facebook users’ smiling would predict their future life satisfaction. Secondly, they proposed that extraversion is a third variable that mediates the relationship in the first hypothesis. Thirdly, they hypothesized that a more intense smile may predict better social relationships, which, in turn, could predict a higher future life satisfaction.

The researchers employed a longitudinal study design. Since the researchers aimed to investigate the predictive power of smiling intensity specifically on -future- life satisfaction, I think that the use of a longitudinal research design can be said to be the most appropriate method possible. However, the longitudinal research design brings with itself a major disadvantage: the possibility of sample attrition. In fact, almost 48% of the sample dropped out in study 1, and almost 27% of the sample dropped out in study 2 between the start and the end of the research processes. It is likely that the researchers knew that this could create a systematic bias in the sample if participants with a certain characteristic were more likely to drop out or stay in the research. Therefore, they analyzed the descriptive statistics of the groups who dropped out and those who completed the follow-ups and found that there were no significant differences in the variables that the research aimed to investigate between the groups to deal with this caveat of longitudinal research.

The main variables of interest in the study were smile intensity, life satisfaction, extraversion, and social relationships satisfaction. First, the researchers collected self-reported extraversion data through an extraversion assessment at the beginning of the participants’ first semester at college. Extraversion ranged from 1 to 5. At the end of the first semester, self-reported life satisfaction, operationalized as the scores on the Satisfaction with Life Scale ranging from 5 to 35 (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985), and self-reported social relationship satisfaction scores ranging from 1 to 7. After this data collection, smile intensity data, which was operationalized as the intensity of action in specific facial muscle units in the participant’s most recent codable Facebook profile picture ranging from 2 to 10, was collected.

The participants were University of Virginia freshmen who used Facebook and had a suitable profile picture in Facebook at the time of the experiment. The researchers used a (non-probability) purposive sampling to only select students who were freshmen at the university and had a codable Facebook profile picture. Since the researchers wanted to use Facebook pictures to assess the hypothesized relationship, I think that the sampling technique was appropriate. However, a non-probability sample that consists solely of college students is likely to be biased and non-representative of the general population. So, if the researchers had more resources, probability sampling would have obviously been a better choice since it is likely that it would make the sample more representative.

The researchers conducted a t-test to examine the difference between men and women’s smiling intensities. In line with previous research, women’s smiling was more intense. The researchers also used correlation and linear regression analyses to investigate the relationships and predictive strengths of smile intensity on life satisfaction and the other variables– extraversion and social relationship satisfaction. The main results showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between smile intensity and future life satisfaction even after controlling for extraversion. Also, smile intensity did predict social relationship satisfaction at the end of the first semester, and relationship satisfaction itself was significantly related to future life satisfaction in both studies. Although there was not a significant statistical support for extraversion being a mediating factor for the relationship between smile intensity and future life satisfaction in the first study, the results of the second study did show a significant effect.

Mark Zuckerberg: Leadership Style And Qualities

Abstract

Mark Zuckerberg was born on May 14, 1984 in Dobbs Ferry New York and is an entrepreneur and philanthropist. He is also the founder of the well-known social media website and app called Facebook. This well-known social media website started off as a site that connected attendees of Harvard University, the college Mark had attended. After its success at the college it was then made public in 2004. Since then Mark Zuckerberg has experienced many trials, errors and success. These experiences have all assisted in developing the leadership skills that Mark Zuckerberg possess today. However, while Zuckerberg does possess many attributes that make an excellent leader such as the ability to motivate and empower employees. There are some crucial skills that need Zuckerberg should work on in order to ensure the future success of the company.

Leadership Style and Qualities

There are many leadership qualities that Mark Zuckerberg possess that have largely contributed to the continued success of Facebook. Through the company’s success it shows that his current strategies and leadership qualities are very strong. One major factor that has contributed to its success is Mark Zuckerberg’s leadership style. His style can be described as democratic, belligerent, and encouraging. This is because Zuckerberg has a tendency to focus on sensitivity to group relationships. He also allows employees to select their projects and set their own work schedule. He consistently motivates encourages and his group members to share ideas and suggestions. As a democratic leader Mark Zuckerberg also encourages better job satisfaction and high levels of productivity that are based on innovation and creativity. Zuckerberg also utilizes his five P’s elements for success. These five P’s include passion, purpose, people, product, and partnerships (Chris, 2015).

These five Ps all serve a different purpose and assist in displaying why Zuckerberg has leadership qualities. The first P or passion is included because passion is a driving factor that fuels perseverance and important quality for leaders to have. Having passion for what he does allowed him to work though difficulties and taking each failure as a learning opportunity instead of giving up. The second P or purpose reminds Zuckerberg of what he is in business for which allows him to make better decisions about who to hire and making a better product.

People is the third p and is included because to Zuckerberg employees are an important part of a business and should be allowed the freedom and take risks. Product is the fourth p and it is included to reinforce the commitment Zuckerberg has into Facebook. Partnerships are also included because Zuckerberg recognizes his weaknesses and brings in the right people to form partnerships in order to be successful (Walter, n.d.).

Mark Zuckerberg can also be described as a transformational leader. This is because he motivates his employees through goal setting, offering incentives, and providing opportunities that allow his employees to grow. Additionally, Zuckerberg inspires and empowers his employees with a clear vision and goal (Clark, 2014). A clear vision and goal allow employees to be guided by what is to be achieved and how they can contribute. Moreover, employees are also taught coding techniques that have been developed by the company to enable them complete projects more efficiently. This exemplifies how important intellectual stimulation is to Zuckerberg as a transformational leader (Wixson, 2016).

Additional attributes of Zuckerberg include his ability to remove traditional hierarchies. Zuckerberg sees all employees as equal and encourages them to share ideas. By removing hierarchies, he is also simultaneously removing barriers between executives and other employees. Furthermore, he has legitimacy and is deeply involved with the company.

Motivating Employees

The ability to motivate employees is integral to the success of a manager and ultimately the success of a company. This is because motivation represents an employee’s desire and commitment to perform. Managers at Facebook including Zuckerberg understand this which is why there is a greater emphasis on motivation strategies. Moreover, their motivation strategies are integrating which places an emphasis on both employee satisfaction and performance equally. This can be shown through examples of how Facebook is able to motivate their employees. One common way the Zuckerberg motivates his employees is by offering many incentives. Zuckerberg understands that each individual needs to be motivated by what they find exciting. Therefore, he offers a wide range of incentives in an attempt to make everyone happy. For example, he provides engineers the opportunity to create the best products and gives business executives large financial bonuses. Zuckerberg also rewards employees that exceptionally surpass or meet their goals by doubling their stock option. However, if an employee performs poorly or consistently fails to meet goals they are suspended or terminated. This shows how Zuckerberg utilizes the integrating approach as he puts a great emphasis on satisfaction by offering great incentives but also values performance and punishes those who fail to meet the company standards (A Study of the Management Style of Mark Zuckerberg, 2018).

Additional incentives offered by the company include offering free food and a meritocratic promotion system. Employees at Facebook are also motivated by the flexibility that they are offered. For example, employees are allowed to choose their working hours instead of enforcing strict hours and employees are given the option to work from home whenever needed. Facebook also provides its employees with laptops that allow workers to change their working locations whenever they need (Wood, 2018). Furthermore, Facebook also utilizes an engagement-centric approach to keep employees happy. This approach puts a greater emphasis on the strengths of its employees in order to promote motivation. The company believes that a greater focus on strengths is a big driver for an employee’s engagement with their job which in turn is a primary factor in their performance (Hoefflinger, 2017).

Empowering

The ability to empower employees is another attribute that successful managers must have. The ability to empower others means providing freedom for people to successfully do what they want to do, rather than getting them to do what you want them to do. Managers who empower people remove controls, constraints, and boundaries for them instead of motivating, directing, or influencing their behavior. Additionally, empowered employees have shown to be more productive, engaged, satisfied, more innovative, and create higher quality products and services in comparison to unempowered employees. Through successful empowerment managers can multiply their effectiveness and become more successful. Facebook is able to empower its employees by giving them the freedom to choose the projects that they work on. Additionally, Facebook empowers its employees by encouraging employees to share their ideas and allowing employees to point out f

Ethical Standards

Ethical standards are important for any leader or manger to have. This is because it is ultimately the leader’s duty to institutionalize ethical values into the organization. Moreover, the leader should be the focus and biggest practitioner of the ethical rules in leadership approach and decision making. An ethical leader should also utilize a style of leadership that encourages universal standards such as reliability, impartiality and justice. It should also reinforce these values through communication with viewers and supports the development of moral thought (Bekir, 2017). However, whether or not Mark Zuckerberg can be called an ethical leader is questionable. This is mainly because while Facebook has a corporate responsibility to evolve and keep in touch with the changing business environment and has adopted a time-progressing policy that keeps up with environmental issues. He has still been involved in numerous scandals that seriously questioned his ethical standing.

One scandal that questioned his morals was when Zuckerberg refused to remove content that promoted Holocaust deniers from the website (Olen, 2018). Zuckerberg had also been involved in a scandal where he was accused of infringing upon the rights of Facebook users. This scandal resulted in Zuckerberg facing serious legal trouble. Zuckerberg has also stated that someone can be unethical and still legal and that is the way he lives his life (Randy, 2019). This is a serious issue because this can lead to an unethical corporate culture. Furthermore, the unjustifiable unethical engagement in certain acts that the CEO makes as an individual drags the entire business into disgrace which ultimately damages its future opportunities. Some of the reasons why Zuckerberg acted unethically cannot be corroborated and it leaves many questions regarding his ethical conduct as an executive. A contributing factor to his behavior could be the fact that he is young and inexperienced. However, with age advancement, maybe he will find it appropriate to act more responsibly from informed experience as a CEO (Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg Executive Ethics, 2019). My recommendation for Zuckerberg would be to reevaluate his morals and implement better values into his organization in order to prevent further scandals.

Risks

Zuckerberg could also be more inclined to take part in questionable behavior because he is also a big risk taker. He even advises his employees to take also engage in risk taking behavior. This is partly because he is a big believer that risks are likely to result in rewards and has even said that “the greatest risk is not taking any risks.” However, he also advised to not take big risks too often. I agree that it is important to take risks but, I would recommend Zuckerberg to include clearer directions to employees about what constitutes a “big” risk and how often should they engage in this behavior.

Conclusion

It is very evident that Mark Zuckerberg possess many attributes that make him a successful leader. However, it is also very evident that his integrity and ethical standards need to be altered. The previous scandals have been detrimental to the company and in order to fully recover and prevent future situations from arising it would be of great interest for Zuckerberg to change his ways. Failing to do so could result in a corrupt corporate culture or even the removal of his position as CEO.

References

1. A Study of the Management Style of Mark Zuckerberg. (2018, December 18). Retrieved from gradesfixer.com: https://gradesfixer.com/free-essay-examples/a-study-of-the-management-style-of-mark-zuckerberg/
2. Bekir, K. (2017). The Impact of Ethical Climate and Ethical Leadership on Ethical Codes Practices. International Journal of Management Economics & Business, 563-573.
3. Chris, J. (2015, August 25). 5 Mark Zuckerberg Leadership Style Commandments . Retrieved from josephchris.com: http://www.josephchris.com/5-mark-zuckerberg-leadership-style-commandments
4. Clark, E. (2014, November 24). Mark Zuckerberg and Facebook Leadership. Retrieved from elijahclark.com: https://elijahclark.com/mark-zuckerberg-facebook-leadership/
5. Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg Executive Ethics. (2019). Retrieved from bohatala.com: https://bohatala.com/facebook-ceo-mark-zuckerberg-executive-ethics/
6. Hoefflinger, M. (2017, April 11). How Facebook keeps its employees the happiest, according to a former inside. Retrieved from businessinsider.com: https://www.businessinsider.com/how-facebook-keeps-employees-happy-2017-4
7. Olen, H. (2018). The Moral and Ethical rot at Mark Zuckerberg and Sherly Sandberg’s Facebook: why would anyone be surprised? Washinton Post.
8. Randy. (2019, July 26). You Can Be Unethical and Still Be Legal . Retrieved from 15minutebusinessbooks.com: http://www.15minutebusinessbooks.com/blog/2019/07/26/you-can-be-unethical-and-still-legal-said-mark-zuckerberg-no-thank-you-mr-zuckerberg/
9. Walter, E. (n.d.). How to Lead Like Zuck. Retrieved from inc.com: https://www.inc.com/ekaterina-walter/as-zuckerberg-turns-30-leadership-lessons.html
10. Wixson, C. (2016, October 31). Mark Zuckerberg: Transformational Leader. Retrieved from appliedcommunication.org: https://www.appliedcommunication.org/?p=360
11. Wood, S. (2018, September 6). 12 Suprising Ways Facebook, Google, and Disney Motivate Their Teams (without using money). Retrieved from linkedin.com: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/12-surprising-ways-facebook-google-disney-motivate-teams-sandra-wood

Facebook, Narcissism And Self-Esteem

Facebook is a well-known social media platform that likely everyone you know has used at one point or another. So how does that affect the human psyche? With countless variables keeping Facebook in mind, let’s take two and take a deep dive. The topic of this report is how a person’s Narcissism and Self-esteem correlates with their Facebook use. Further discussing what that means and why that is relevant and important information. The finding s show a positive correlation between narcissism levels and Facebook use. They also show a negative correlation between self-esteem and Facebook use. This aims to show in depth said information in discussion with what that means for one’s well-being. This report aims to investigate the impact of Facebook use in our daily lives.

More particularly how it effects a person’s Self-esteem and levels of Narcissism. To start with, Facebook is a social media platform that arguably kicked off the social media era after myspace fell out of relevancy. Facebook themselves reported that as of June 2019 they saw an average of 1.59 billion active users daily. Furthermore, coming out with a whopping 2.41 billion monthly active users (‘Company Info | Facebook Newsroom’, 2019). Certainly nothing to scoff at. Keeping that in mind this research report seeks to investigate the link between high amounts of Facebook use and the human psyche. This is important because understanding how this prominent online social network impacts our lives down to the way we think, and feel is an important factor of living a healthy and happy lifestyle. More specifically this piece intends to find how a person’s self-esteem and levels narcissistic behaviour is affected by high levels of Facebook use.

Narcissism. Several researchers define this differently. In this particular report the definition comes from Christopher J. Carpenter’s article (2011) where he references Riskin and Terry (1988) discussing what stands a narcissistic personality inventory or ‘NPI’. Defining traits such as a person being incapable of deal with or accept criticism, feeling as though they deserve special treatment and favours from those around them without having done anything worthy of such behavior without reciprocation and have “a grandiose sense of self-importance or uniqueness” (C.J., Carpenter, 2011, p.1). So, what does that have to do with Facebook? Put simply “Selfies”. This is a photo an individual take of themselves and posts publicly online. Results from Jung-Ah Lee and Yongjun Sung’s article found the feedback people received from these pictures was a notable aspect. Meaning those with higher levels of narcissism were significantly more involved in the ‘likes’ and ‘comments’ that were attached to their picture. This of course fed the ego of these people consequentially resulting in this behaviour (Lee, J., & Sung, Y., 2016, p.4). Keeping this in mind, the hypothesis here is that the higher a person’s Narcissism is the more they will use Facebook in order to continuously validate their inflated self-pride. In fact, in another report it was found that people who scored high on narcissism spent a lot more time on Facebook and aimed to have a more extensive friends list (Eşkisu, M., Hoşoğlu, R., & Rasmussen, K. 2017, p.6).

The other variable in this investigation is self-esteem. Self-esteem is defined by Smith, Mackie, and Claypool (2014) in N. Hawi, and M. Samaha’s article as, and I quote, “an individual’s positive or negative evaluation of himself or herself” (2016, p.2). Relating back to Facebook use, in a study by A. Błachnio and A. Przepiorka they found people who used Facebook excessively scored quite low on tests assessing self-esteem and life satisfaction (2018, p.5). Knowing this information is can be hypothesised that the lower a person’s self-esteem is the more time they will spend using Facebook. This comes from the researcher as shown and the idea that a person with a low self-esteem will spend copious amounts of time in an attempt to make themselves feel better about themselves and gain public validation.

To reiterate, this research report aims to investigate the impact of high levels of Facebook use in our daily lives in a way that pertains to narcissism and self-esteem. To do this an online survey was taken by students studying 1002PSY and their friends and family. I hypothesise that Narcissism will be positively correlated with Facebook use, meaning the more narcissistic you are the more time you will spend on Facebook. Furthermore, Self-esteem will be negatively correlated with Facebook use meaning the less self-esteem you have the more you will use Facebook. Although only forty-five of the sixty enrolled contributed to the study, in total there was three hundred and fifty-eight participants with the exclusion of those who do not use Facebook. Of these partakers there was two hundred and forty-eight females, one hundred and six males, and four other people involved in the study from ages seventeen to fifty-nine years of ages. Knowing this, the Mean age is 22.51 and the Standard Deviation is 11.18. University students studying 1002PSY in Gold Coast and Mt. Gravatt were asked to complete an online survey about their Facebook use and ask their family and friends to participate as well. The survey took approximately ten minutes to complete. The test encompassed a wide range of variables about Facebook use and its relation to its impact on the adolesces minds. As previously stated, the two variables that will be discussed out of the many tested are Narcissism and Self-esteem in relation to Facebook use as referenced in the survey results.

The online survey included the following relevant measures. For narcissism the scale was adapted from the Narcissistic Personality Inventory by Ames, D. R., Rose, P., & Anderson, C. P. The newly modified NPI-16 is a brief measure of narcissism (Journal of Research in Personality, 2006, 40, 440-450). Five questions related to levels of narcissism are asked and participants were asked to rate on a scale of one, strongly disagree, to seven, strongly agree. And for self-esteem, this scale was adapted from Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, M., 1965, Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.). This one asked five questions about a person and their self-esteem and again asked them to rate on a scale of one, strongly disagree, to seven, strongly agree.

Finally, for Facebook use, Six items adapted from the Facebook Intensity Scale (Ellison, Steinfield, & Lampe, 2007) were used to measure how much participants used Facebook (e.g., “Facebook is a part of my everyday activity”; 1 = strongly disagree, 7 = strongly agree). Scores on the items were averaged, such that higher scores indicated greater Facebook use.

The table shows the Mean, Standard Deviation or ‘SD’ and each variables correlation with Facebook use. For Narcissism the data shows a positive correlation between levels of narcissism. For self-esteem there was a negative correlation. For the specific statistics see Table one. Correlational analysis was used to examine relationships between each variable and Facebook use. A significant positive correlation emerged between levels of narcissism and Facebook use, such that greater levels of narcissism was associated with more time spent on Facebook (r = .24, p = .05). A highly significant correlation was found between self-esteem and Facebook use, such as low levels of self-esteem was associated with high levels of Facebook use (r= -.22, p = .001). The objective of this report is to explore the effect of elevated use of Facebook regularly in a narcissistic and self-esteem-related manner. As the above results show both hypothesises were supported in these findings. The first hypothesis was that the more narcissistic a person was the more time they would spend on Facebook. Which the resulted showed rang true. The second hypothesis was that the lower a person self-esteem is the more time they would spend of Facebook which the results agreed with.

These findings mirror previous research that was discussed in the introduction that formed these hypothesises in the first place. The aforementioned research set out to show that Facebook use has a significant impact on a person in a plethora of different ways. Here we took a small part of their research and looked to expand, or possibly contrast their findings. What was found was in perfect agreement with their research.

These results paint Facebook in a negative light as the findings show Facebook as a booster of negative behaviour that validates bad habits. Almost showing those who use it as either self-obsessed or incredibly insecure. As a counterpoint, this is all in excessive use in a toxic way. It’s not a commentary piece on the people who use Facebook but a report on the detrimental and incessant ways the application can be used. Overall Facebook is an addictive platform that can encourage negative habits and patterns of thought if not limited.

Discussing limitations of this study, there are a few. Firstly, there is the sample group. The people involved in this study were a very specific group. Psychology students and those related. Second, the age group was quite young which isn’t accurate to the reality of Facebook users. Lastly the number of females in the study is over double the number of males, which again does not accurately replicate the Facebook userbase. To overcome this, the questionnaire could be given out on Facebook itself to more accurately obtain the age of users, the sample size could be increased and have a cap for the genders to increase the chances for a more even gender distribution. Future research could investigate the variable order. What is meant by that is, for example, does high levels of narcissism increase Facebook use or does more time on Facebook increase levels of narcissism? This report found a correlation between the two variables but to definitely determine cause and affect isn’t something that can be validated in this report but certainly an opportunity for future study. To conclude excessive Facebook use has a clear negative affect on the human brain but that’s not to say it’s all bad. It was the start of a new age in communication and human connection that we as a race have never seen. But since we’ve never seen anything like this in human history it’s hard to say how deeply it can affect us. Thus, why research is so crucial as we walk forward into a future beyond our wildest dreams.

Mark Zuckerberg And Facebook

Facebook: a social media platform founded by Mark Zuckerberg in 2004 which currently has 2.3 billion users. The article “Dear Mr Zuckerberg: the problem isn’t the internet, it’s Facebook” by Siva Vaidhyanathan does not only celebrate the 15 years of Facebook’s existence but also adds to the recent discourse around Facebook. Using a social constructivism perspective, this paper provides insight in how Vaidhyanathan argues that Zuckerberg is gaining more power which leads to moral panic. In this paper, I will analyse Vaidhyanathan’s perspective on Zuckerberg’s position and company, and I will use the concepts social constructivism and technological imaginary to further examine Vaidhyanathan’s perspective in this discourse.

Vaidhyanathan’s perspective

Vaidhyanathan starts off his article by arguing that Mark Zuckerberg has built a platform which not only made him very rich, but also gave him a lot of power. This power is shown in how interaction between users on his platform is based upon his rules, as described by Vaidhyanathan: “your company hosts “networks of people” but they interact on your terms, managed by your rules and algorithms.” Even though he certainly does have control, he denies the amount of power he has over the users: “your post not only ignores your power, it denies it.” Furthermore, Zuckerberg claims that “networks of people replace traditional hierarchies” but these traditional hierarches, according to Vaidhyanathan, have used features of Facebook to do damage to the world while Zuckerberg claims these features have actually liberated the world. Zuckerberg, according to Vaidhyanathan, tries to blame the internet as a whole for the problems on the internet to confuse people. This way he tries to hide that he uses his platform to gain power. Thus, Vaidhyanathan describes how Facebook is the opposite of what the internet was before Facebook by saying “the internet is open, configurable, distributed, and based on open code. Facebook is nothing of the sort.” Concluding, Vaidhyanathan describes in this article how Zuckerberg may be rich and powerful, but he remains clueless about what is going on in the world by thinking that the problem lays with the internet and not with his own platform, while Facebook is not as open, free and liberating as Zuckerberg implies.

Facebook as an element to change society

HELLO Raymond Williams uses the idea of social constructivism to see with what intention media are developed, how technologies are employed by humans and how this has a certain impact on society. A technology, according to Williams, “becomes available as an element or a medium in a process of change that is in any case occurring or about to occur.” Thus, Williams describes how technology can be used as an element in a process of change in society. Furthermore, he describes that technologies “arise from human intention and agency.” This shows that humans, and producers such as Zuckerberg, have agency because the medium is made and used by humans. Therefore, they can use the technology as an element to change society. If we use this concept of social constructivism, we can see that Vaidhyanathan describes how Zuckerberg has built this platform based on his “set of ideals” which shows that his agency behind the platform can be seen as him using technology as an element to change society. Furthermore, Zuckerberg’s agency is seen in the description given by Vaidhyanathan where he mentions how Zuckerberg has influenced society by giving national leaders a platform and power: “your staff actively helped national leaders like Donald Trump, Narendra Modi and Rodrigo Duterte assume power.” The human agency of Zuckerberg behind this technology is what changed society. As Vaidhyanathan also describes: “you do realize that you run one of those hulking institutions, right?” By saying this, Vaidhyanathan puts the emphasis again on how Zuckerberg has an incredible amount of power. Therefore, if we use the concept social constructivism, we can see how this power could also be used as power to change society.

Fears for Zuckerberg’s power

By using the concept technological imaginary, we can focus more on society. Technological imaginary, according to Martin Lister et al, “refers us to the way that new technologies are taken up within a culture and are hooked into, or have projected onto them, its wider social and psychological desires and fears.” These desires are projected onto new media phenomena and the “cyberspaces and places of virtual life promised by new media become the new utopias which we reach for.” The new places promised by new media are seen as “a solution to social and cultural ills.” But technological imaginary not only focuses on people’s desires, but also focuses on the dissatisfactions that they are experiencing in their current situation. From this perspective, we can understand what Vaidhyanathan writes about the current situation: “no one who, like me, championed the values of the Internet back before Facebook ruined everything.” This shows a clear dissatisfaction with the current situation in which Zuckerberg is using Facebook to gain power. These dissatisfactions can also become fears for the ‘new’ or ‘better’ media which is the idea of moral panic. As Stanley Cohen describes, “societies appear to be subject, every now and then, to periods of moral panic. A […] person or group of persons emerges to become defined as a threat to social values and interests.” This shows how Cohen describes that societies have sudden moments of panic and fear and these fears people have can also be projected onto the new media phenomenon. Vaidhyanathan shows this moral panic by describing how Facebook is used to do damage to the world: “anti-democratic, inhumane, hateful and violent forces hijacking your server and doing great damage to the world.” Furthermore, they use specific features that according to Zuckerberg are not the problem: “Myanmar’s Buddhist clerisy […] declared a campaign of genocide against them using the very features of Facebook that you claim have liberated the world.” If we use the concept of moral panic, we can see how there can be moral panic about how Zuckerberg’s platform gives people the chance to do damage to the world. As a consequence, satisfactions that were there about Facebook, such as helping people connect and letting them freely interact, can turn into fears about Zuckerberg’s power over the platform.

Conclusion

Siva Vaidhyanathan’s main point in this article is showing how ignorant Mark Zuckerberg is while being able to influence a big part of society. The human agency of Mark Zuckerberg behind the platform Facebook has shaped society because it gives people the opportunity to communicate, but they do not have complete freedom to do so. Furthermore, the hope for a platform for communication can turn into moral panic because of the amount of power Zuckerberg has gained over the platform.

Stakeholder Analysis Report: Facebook

Executive summary-

Facebook is a global technology company that is a well-known provider of online social media platforms. The company is US based and Mark Zuckerberg is the key management personnel. Facebook has been a huge success in online social media and is immensely popular with billions of users globally however in the recent past the company has been facing certain challenges especially with regards to improper use of user data etc. The report aims to study the stakeholders of Facebook and present an analysis on the key stakeholders, the behavior pattern and what needs to be done by Facebook to manage its key stakeholders in a better way.

Introduction to Facebook

Facebook is a US-based company that was founded in the year 2004. The company is into online social media and networking and has billions of users all across the globe today. Mark Zuckerberg, Eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes were the promoters of this company which was started by them when they were still students at the Harvard University. Today the company is a big name in technology and comes in the top four technology company along with Apple, Amazon and Google.

The company’s mission is – “to give people the power to build community and bring the world closer together”.

The vision of Facebook is –“People use Facebook to stay connected with friends and family, to discover what’s going on in the world, and to share and express what matters to them” (Smithson 2019).

The vision and mission statement of Facebook clearly states that it provide a platform to people to stay connected and share useful information. The company was started as a social media platform but today it has grown huge and hence there have been number of changes and developments to make the company more beneficial and user-friendly. Also a number of challenges have been faced by the management in the recent past.

Challenges being Faced by Facebook –

Negative publicity- Recently it was found that Facebook demographic data was used in a Russian campaign in an unfair way (Studart 2018). This incident has given a lot of bad image to the company and even called for a boycott of Facebook by The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

Negative publicity of Facebook is a cause of concern for the company as it has caused users to lose trust in the company. Even employees of the company have been hit adversely by reports on negative publicity. There have been increasing demand to make the company more transparent especially strong governance is needed on activities of its key management Mark Zuckerberg and COO Sheryl Sandberg (Gaus 2018).

Misuses of public data – There have been a number of incidents of misuse of public data on Facebook. Facebook has been facing issues on falling credibility as people have started losing trust over the use of this social media platform.

Advertisements on Facebook media- Political advertising on Facebook has been criticized in the recent times and needs to be more transparent (Mercer and Macaulay 2018). The advertisements posted on Facebook need to be more transparent in order to make the company safe from legal issues and also to reduce the number of cases of negative publicity.

Ever-changing Technology- Every day new changes are noted in the field of technology, more advanced techniques are required by Facebook to keep their data safe and stay ahead from the competitors. The nature of technology is such that it keeps on changing and hence social platforms like Facebook need to invest huge amount to keep them updated.

Technology addiction- It has been found that Facebook works upon engaging its users by means of attracting the users and keeping them addicted however this model is not good for the users in the long run as it causes social media addiction and should not be promoted. Some technology giants like Apple have joined hands with US and other developed nations governments to reduce the dependency of people on social media (Gaus 2018). Problem on tech addiction and steps being taken to reduce this is another pain area as Facebook management has a lot to think in this area. As a trend in industry now the focus is to bring down technology addiction and Facebook must partner in this.

The strategic direction of Facebook-

Currently the company has faced negative publicity due to misuse of its data hence there is need for the management to critically analyze this area and strengthen the safety of data available on its platform. The advertisers are its major income generators and the recent cases of unfair use of Facebook data has led to decline in trust of this group of stakeholders for Facebook. It is essential that Facebook’s management consider news of its negative publicity very seriously and implement adequate safeguards to protect its data. Also there is need for Facebook to look on areas of corporate social responsibility and reduce the growing rate of human dependence in such platforms which is a challenging task for the management.

Stakeholder View-

Stakeholders are the people who owns stake in a company. Every company has a different set of stakeholders depending on the size and nature of the company. Small companies have the stakeholders like – employees, promoters, suppliers etc. while big companies may have more complex and elaborate list of stakeholders. Stakeholder management is an important aspect in managing any company because it is essential that the stakeholders are updated and happy with the progress of the company. Stakeholder management primarily aims to manage all the key stakeholders of a company this may involve steps like identifying the key stakeholders, studying the behavior of the key stakeholders, laying down company goals and keeping the stakeholders aligned with these goals etc. (Kenny 2012,pp.40-46)

Stakeholder analysis is an extremely important aspect in contributing towards the success of a company. All types of companies need to study the nature and attitude if its stakeholders keep them informed and satisfied by keeping them well aligned and keeping the views of the key stakeholders in mind when making crucial decisions for the company (Thor 2016, pp.9-17).

Stakeholder model Facebook-

Below figure represents the stakeholders identified for Facebook-

Key stakeholders of Facebook-

Users- The users of Facebook social media are the most important stakeholders of the company since they are the ones who actually use the services and make the company popular and successful. It can be said that without popularity amongst the user group Facebook could have never been such a big name in technology hence it is of utmost importance that the interests of the users are given topmost priority in stakeholder management by the company. This group has the ultimate strength to initiate change and force the management to take big steps and important decisions.

The actual behavior of this group is that there is huge popularity of Facebook and this group is promoting the company and its business. However the recent incidents of data piracy on Facebook have made the users more careful in posting information on this media. The users may turn towards other social media platforms in the future and also there may be chance that the popularity of social media may start coming down due to trends in reducing the excessive dependency of social media. The cooperative potential of the user group is that this group supports Facebook and its business currently.

Advertisers- Another important group of stakeholders for the company are the advertisers who fuel money by giving advertisements in the Facebook media. The major source of income for Facebook is through advertisements and it becomes essential to manage the advertisers effectively. The advertisers should be given good services. However the recent incidents of unfair use of data on Facebook and its negative publicity can have an adverse impact on this stakeholder group and the management must take required steps in the interests of its advertisers. There is need for better governance to make things transparent and protect the interests of this group. This stakeholder group is non-supportive as it can easily choose other competitors of Facebook for business and this is a big threat to the company. The advertisers pose high risk for the company as the level of participation of this group is least. The general behavior of this group is non-supportive and needs to be handled with a cautious approach (Freeman 1984, pp.11-75).

Shareholders- The current shareholders of the company are another important stakeholder group as they have invested in the company. This group is generally non-participative and less risky for the company (Freeman 1984, pp.11-75). The behavior of this group is less participative in general. Facebook can adopt an approach of providing regular updates and monitoring of this group. This approach can help in better management of this type of stakeholders.

Employees – Employees are an important stakeholder group for Facebook as “satisfied employees” are the key to success for any company including Facebook. Employees as stakeholders are supportive and pose least threat for the company. (Savage et al. 2011, pp.2-6).The management gets support from this group and it is considered the ideal stakeholder group. Facebook should build a participative environment with its employees this can be very useful in managing the employees. Involving employees in the management of the company can be a useful tool to cope with this group.

Recommendation-

Managing stakeholders of any company can help the company be successful in the long run. It is essential to categorize the various stakeholders based upon the behavior and then take an informed approach to manage the key stakeholders (Freeman 1984, pp.11-75). Facebook’s major stakeholders are its users, shareholders, employees and its advertisers. All of these groups have a different level of participation and pose a varied level of risks for the company if not handled carefully. Companies like Facebook need to take participative, monitoring and collaborative types of approaches to manage their key stakeholders. It is suggested that the company’s like Facebook should carefully study the behavior of the stakeholders and device-specific strategies to manage each group.

References:

1. Freeman, R. E. 1984, Strategic management: A stakeholder approach, Boston, MA: Pitman, pp.11-75.
2. Gaus, A 2018, 4 Key Challenges Facing Facebook in 2019, The Street. Retrieved from
3. Kenny,G 2012,’From the stakeholder viewpoint: designing measurable objectives’, Journal of Business Strategy, Vol. 33 Issue: 6, pp. 40-46.
4. Mercer, C and Macaulay, T 2018, Facebook news and announcements, Techworld. Retrieved from
5. Savage et al. 2011, Stakeholder Collaboration: Implications for Stakeholder Theory and Practice, Springer Publication, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 65 No.3, pp.2-6.
6. Smithson, N 2019, Facebook Inc.’s Mission Statement & Vision Statement (An Analysis), Business, Management, Panmore Institute. Retrieved from
7. Studart, M 2018, NAACP Calls for Weeklong Boycott of Facebook and Instagram, The Street. Retrieved from
8. Thor, D 2016, Understanding Stakeholders: Professional perspectives on working with stakeholders, 1st Edition, Bookboon.com, pp.9-17.

The Essence Of Fake News Circulation

News can be defined as professionally produced informed that is timely, accurate, relevant, clearly communicated and fair. Accessibility of news is surpassing than its credibility.

Whereas, fake news is a type of yellow journalism or propaganda that consists of deliberate misinformation or hoaxes spread via traditional print and broadcast news media or online social media. Fake news is written and published with the intent to mislead in order to gain financially or politically, often with sensationalist, exaggerated, or patently false headlines that grab attention (Wikipedia). This means that fake news is intentionally baked news with the purpose of misleading the public. “Fake news is “fabricated information that mimics news media content in form but not in organizational process or intent. (David M. J. Lazer, 2018). Fake news can be defined as the intentional and verifiably false (Kai Shu, 2017).

There are multiple types of fake news including hoaxes, satire, propaganda, sloppy journalism, biased and slanted news, misleading headings and click bait.

Detection of fake news is challenging. Users have no option to verify the authenticity of the content that they find in their newsfeed every time they scroll their Facebook. Facebook also allows its users to share the content on their own discretion without any content verification check. In this way, unauthenticated and unverified content circulates at much speed.

In recent times, prevalence of fake news over Facebook has left its indelible marks on the horizons of power games and behavior of its young users. Facebook is being used to stir the political wave at the lower level or for political engineering at the supreme level of country to influence the youth. Consecutive political upsets in elections around the globe by maneuvering the masses through social bots is anticipating the political parties to use Social media as a tool to change the political preferences of users.

Facebook not only spreads information during the days of disaster and natural calamity but also responsible for prevailing chaos and panic by allowing its user to share, comment, like or retweet the posts of fake information or pictures (Aditi Gupta).

Users used to like, comment, tag and share the posts which gratify their political views preferences regardless of their authenticity check. People find it far easier and less time-consuming to remain informed regarding latest national and international news through Facebook logged on to their mobile phones rather than to sit and watch news bulletin on traditional news sources. Facebook serves an amazing platform to read and watch information or misinformation from around the globe despite the fact that it is not considered as news site. Users have right to upload the content in the form of text, pictures and videos without its prior verification contrary to the traditional media outlets do, before getting the news on-aired. This gives rise to the new phenomenon known as “fake news”. “Fake news” was even named the word of the year by the Macquarie dictionary in 2016 due to its prevalence.

Marking the transformation for news gathering from content listening to content watching, now entered into the phase where every user is content creator. This mushrooming of content creators is resulting in odds like fake news.

Propagation of satire news through pictures and videos are being used against the political opponents and to infuse any social idea among the general public in an amusing way. Pakistani society is now more engaged, intolerant and polarized on political views. The growing repudiated events regarding the fake news on social media is creating trust deficit among the users. Generally, the use of intolerant remarks, jeering comments, abusive and seductive language is very common on Facebook.

In fact, the political party PTI successfully spread fake news against its political opponents. This party is alleged to introduce fake news through Facebook as a weapon against the political opponent. PTI used this weapon well in the sensitive issues like illness of Kulsoom Nawaz wife of Prime Minister of that time. One of the PTI’s operated Facebook page named “PTI Saraikistan”, on 24th June 2018, and many other pages posted that the illness of Kulsoom Nawaz is just an excuse put up by the Nawaz Shareef to delay his cases of accountability. This fake news regarding her illness got such an enormous response that it started to be discussed in number of programs on traditional media.

Later on, pages of the opponent party kept on posting her death rumors to reap political benefits, while she was on ventilators.

Throughout that time, youth of Pakistan showed variety of behaviors through sharing the posts and by posting comments under fake news.

Meanwhile, during the political stimulated campaign run to raise the funds for the dam construction to ameliorate the electricity situation in the country, public came across one more fake news that Shahid khan who is owner of English football club named Fulham has donated 1 billion dollars for the dam fund.

Fake news has caused humiliation to not only personalities but the national institutions as well. For instance, Fake news was circulated on Facebook that Nab has taken notice of the money laundering of 4.9 billion dollars by a political party to India, after days of sharing and posting of comments under the unauthenticated news, it was transpired that NAB has done nothing in this regard. Moreover, it was found that no proof exists to support such transactions of money laundering.

Then, much-celebrated news over Facebook came out that Prime Minister Imran Khan was invited to the Eastern Economic Forum by the Russian President that was later on, denied by the Russian Foreign Office.

The overall above-mentioned scenario created by the circulation of fake news reaching out to the mass audience is resulting in severe behavioral changes in the youth. The sharing trend without verification shows their irresponsible and least concern attitude to dig the true picture. In the same fashion by scrolling down their comments it evidently expresses their arrogance, intolerance, anger and disrespectful language towards the contradictory opinions. This was also observed that due to the circulation of fake news now the behavior of youth is more political polarized than before.

High School: The Influences of Facebook to the Youth

Introduction

Over the past years, people’s lives have been slowly taken over by technology. It has mechanized agriculture, improved the transportation, communication, education and the learning process of the youth. Today it is possible to bring news, ideas, and entertainment to millions of people through social networking sites such as Twitter, Instagram and Facebook.

Facebook was launched on February 4, 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg with his fellow college student which are Eduardo Saverin, Andrew Mc Collum, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes. Facebook is an American online social media and social networking service which provides a good communication globally. It also uses over 140 languages for them to understand easier.

Facebook is the most common online app which all teenagers nowadays are addicted to surf in. It is also the most usual application that is use to communicate with others from far places anytime and anywhere in fastest way than ever before. By this, people can post photos, thoughts, comments, and ideas that can share to public. This can work a lot of things but is this enough to give individuals their full trust on it especially their private life and information?

Significance of the Study

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of using Facebook. This study aims to help the students to at least minimize their time using Facebook, to manage their behavior or personal values towards other people and to give other students some knowledge to the positive and negative effects of using Facebook.

Teachers and parents can also benefit to this study as it can help them to be able to understand what challenges of their student and children are facing.

Future researchers of this study can use this research as guide and reference material in doing their own problem or study.

Statement of the Problem

• How does using Facebook affects the academic performance of a student?
• What are the advantage and disadvantages of Facebook use into a persons’ health?
• How does Facebook use affect the behavior of young students?
• How does Facebook use influence individuals’ relationship?

Hypothesis

By having a clear communication is one thing that can really help people to have a strong bond and can build into a new relationship. Facebook can be a destruction when it comes to studying as it diverges one’s attention, but it is helpful since students tend to communicate and talk about their school works and stuffs through Facebook.

Some students claim that visiting social media sites during class time helps them deal with the boredom they experience. Students may also suffer to some health disorders such as blurriness of sight and dizziness after using Facebook.

Scope and Delimitation

This study focused on the ‘The Influences of Facebook to the Youth”, and was limited and conducted only at 50 Grade 10 students of Don Jose National High School during the year 2018.

It is intended for the student’s audience, specifically Millennials. Furthermore, it only attempted to identify the effects of using Facebook on students.

Review Of Related Literature

This chapter includes the review of related literature which the researchers have pursued to shed light on the topic under study. This chapter also helps in familiarizing information that are significant to the present study.

Foreign Literature

According to Boyd & Ellison (2008) social networking sites are the latest online communication tool that allows users to interact with people in their networks. Youth spend a lot of time in browsing the network, particularly Facebook, as they find it the best form of communication mode. Facebook was created by Mark Zuckerberg to help residential college and university students to identify students in other residence halls. It is defined as “an online directory that connects people through social networks at colleges and universities” (Zuckerberg,2005). It is becoming popular and even official communication is carried out on them as well as personal. Facebook allows individuals to present themselves to other users using a variety of formats; including text, video and chat services.

The generation of 15-18 year-old users has been referred by many as a post-millennial. Their irresistible need to connect with their peers, coupled with the development of 24/7 accessible technologies, can make the use of sites like Facebook all consuming. These young media consumers are more connected than any previous generation, and they have an expectation to remain that way in all aspects of their lives. People from different age ranges interact and exchange content; they share videos and pictures, discuss subjects, chat, public advertisements for group events or play available applications.

Students spend many hours surfing this socializing website and over usage of any media does have its impact, both positive and negative. Facebook provides the latest news of the world and most of the newspapers are available online, which are immediately updated with the latest news. It offers significant advantages for its users such as sharing and collecting information, searching for jobs, communication and entertainment; for instance, users can play games with other people in any part of the world, watch movies and listen to music. It also permits individual to develop their self-identity as Facebook is a ground for face to face communication. Improvements of moods as one is able to communicate with far off friends and family or relatives.

Academic performance refers to how students deal with their studies and how they complete their studies given to them, by teachers. Students are paying more attention towards this social networking activity rather than utilizing their time for their studies and this surely affects their academic performance.

The destructive effects of this social networking site overweigh the improving ones. This site has caused some bad effect to society. The students become addicted more often than anyone else because when they are studying or searching materials online, they get attracted to this site to kill the boredom in their study time, sidetracking their attention from their work and they forget why they are using internet. This split attention paid to multiple tasks causes distraction and results in reduction of time for other activities that are related academic, physical and social hobbies that requires face to face meeting. According to Fogg and Lizawa (2008), although the use of social networking sites is subject to persuasive attitude of the social website and the attitudes of the users toward social networking in general, online behaviors also reflect personality traits, values and culture(Hofsted,1984). Nalwa and Anand (2003) found that Facebook addictive users used for long sessions, resulting in personal behavior problems and neglect of important work responsibilities. According to them, young individuals having lower self-esteem have the high level of usage of instant messaging than those who have high level of self-esteem. Surfing Facebook does show abnormal symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and excessive aggression. Furthermore, one can suffer from isolation as one will tend to be glued to a smart phone and move out of the house and meet people. One may put on weight as one will sit in front of the computer or lay on bed facing their phones for a long time and eat. The reason is because of lack of exercise and they will suffer from obesity. Too much exposure to the screen is bad for the eyes. Teenagers must go out and spend time doing some outdoor activities rather than facing a smartphone.

Facebook also promotes laziness and can have a lack of emotional connection.

It is but natural that Facebook can have a positive effect as well as negative effect. Definitely everyone must be careful of the negative impact of Facebook.

Research Methodology

This chapter shows the method and procedure to be used in study. It also describes the subjects of the study, the procedure of data gathering, and the instruments used. These procedures help the researchers in formulating the outcome of the study.

The location of the researchers that conducted a survey was within the school premises which is the Don Jose National High School.

The statistical tool used in this study is the descriptive statistics. The researchers aim to summarize a sample, rather than use the data to learn about the population that the sample of data is thought to present. Thus, the researcher used the application of percentage in the computation of data to determine the accurate ranking of each factor.

This study will be dedicated to the description of the methods and procedures done in order to obtain the data, how they will be analyzed, interpreted and how the conclusion will be met, as this research seeks to discover the impacts of Facebook use among students.

I. Research Method

In order to gather the necessary data, the researcher used a descriptive method as a research design.

This type of method is suitable for the study since the data were collected through a survey. Quantitative approach shall be observed as it will obtain numerical data from the respondents through survey questionnaire.

The quantitative method is ideal since it focuses more on the ability to complete statistical analysis.

Also, the researcher does not manipulate the research setting, but rather seeks to understand the present existing condition.

II. Research Instrument

For this study, researcher designs a self-administered paper, a pen and paper type of questionnaire for the data gathering to get quantitative data. The main point of the questionnaires is to determine and evaluate the influences of Facebook use.

After the survey, the researchers organized and processed the data through tally.

The researcher used a closed-ended questions. A closed question is the simplest to ask to which the respondents must answer yes or no. As it makes it quick and easy for other respondents to answer they were also benefiting and a good example is for testing their understandings. Through this, the researcher will be able to limit responses that are within the scope of this study.

The questionnaire was structured in such a way that respondents will be able to answer it easily. Thus, one of the researcher used as a questionnaire that requires the subject to indicate his or her degree of agreement or disagreement to a statement.

III. Respondents of the Study

The researcher randomly selected and surveyed exactly 50 Grade 10 students of Don Jose National High School.

The respondents are as follows:

50%

50%

IV. Validity

In order to test the validity of the survey questionnaire, the researcher tested and interviewed the questionnaire to 5 students. The answers of the respondents who have been tested were not part of the actual study. After answering the given questions, researchers asked the respondents for suggestions and correction to make the instrument improve further.

The researcher removed and replaced the unrelated questions and change difficult to understand terminologies to make it simpler and make the survey more comprehensive for the selected students.

Findings

This section organizes the results of the study. It discusses the data gathered before, during and after the implementation of the research. The researcher transfers what they have learned into words and examples. This chapter gives graphs and tables and its verbal interpretation of the data related to the study which is the influences of Facebook to the youth of the selected Grade 10 students on Don Jose National High School SY 2017-2018.

This contains survey questions related to lack of time management, bad effects to their health, technologies, and also the inability to cope up to their academic performance, and relationship.

Table 1: Age of the students

Responses for the survey of the Grade 10 students on the influences of Facebook to the youth on Don Jose National High School. S.Y. 2017-2018.

Table 1 shows that the students who got the age of 16 with the percentage of 70% are greater than the students with the age of 15 with 16%, 17 with 8%, 18 with 4%, and 19 with only 2%. Based on the results, it states that most of the respondents with the age of 15-16 are suitable for their grade level.

Table 2 Table Question Number 1: Facebook as Entertainment.

Responses for the survey of the Grade 10 students on the influences of Facebook to the youth on Don Jose National High School. S.Y. 2017-2018.

Answers

Frequency

Percentage (%)

Yes

43

86

No

7

14

50

100

Table 2.1 shows that 86% of the students consider Facebook as an entertainment while 14% of students does not found Facebook so entertaining.

Table 2. Question Number 2: Facebook as Medium for Communication

Responses for the survey of the Grade 10 students on the influences of Facebook to the youth on Don Jose National High School. S.Y. 2017-2018.

Answers

Frequency

Percentage (%)

Yes

44

88

No

6

12

50

100

12

Table 2.2 shows that 88% of students consider Facebook as their medium for communication while only 12% of students do not use this app for communication purposes.

Table 2. Question Number 3: Prioritizing Facebook Than Household Chores

Responses for the survey of the Grade 10 students on the influences of Facebook to the youth on Don Jose National High School. S.Y. 2017-2018.

Answers

Frequency

Percentage (%)

Yes

23

46

No

27

54

50

100

The table 2.2 shows that 54% of students still manage to do the household chores rather than using Facebook but 46% of students are still prioritizing Facebook than the household chores.

Table 2. Question Number 4: Negative Effect of Facebook to Mental Health

Responses for the survey of the Grade 10 students on the influences of Facebook to the youth on Don Jose National High School. S.Y. 2017-2018.

Answers

Frequency

Percentage (%)

Yes

21

42

No

29

58

50

100

13

This table shows that 42% of the students were negatively affected by Facebook to their mental health while 58% of them does not suffer mental dysfunction cause by Facebook use.

Table 3: Student’s Allotted Time With Facebook Use’ disfunction cause by facebook use.

Table 3 shows that most of the students are limiting their use of Facebook. Some answered that they mostly spend 30 minutes-1 hour of using Facebook with the total of 58%. The lowest number of respondents with 20% are spending their 2-3 hours on using Facebook while 22% of the students are allotting their 6-24 hours on Facebook use.

Table 4

Responses for the survey of the Grade 10 students on the influences of Facebook to the youth on Don Jose National High School. S.Y. 2017-2018.

14

Question #

Always

Sometimes

Never

1

23%

26%

2%

2

30%

60%

10%

3

26%

58%

16%

Question number 1: Facebook as A Source of Information shows that 2% of the students answered that they never gather any news or information from Facebook while 26% of them answered that Facebook sometimes provides them social informations. Some are aware of the fake news which is the current issue today so sometimes the information on Facebook was not that reliable to make it as a source. And lastly, 23% of the students are always discovering some informations about the society, this only implies that Facebook is effective for them to know more about the society.

Question number 2: Expressing Emotions Through Facebook shows that 30% of the students answered that they always get so overwhelmed every time someone liked or commented on their post, this simply means that Facebook is giving them affection because it became a part of their lives. 60% of the students responds that they just sometimes feel the affection brought to them by the said social media application while only 10% of them are never been satisfied or overwhelmed by the attention and appreciation of their Facebook friends with their post on Facebook.

Question number 3: Negative Effects of Facebook to Our Health shows that 26% of the students always suffer some health disorders such as the blurriness of sight and dizziness after using Facebook while those who often suffer this is 58% and those who does not are 16% of the students. This implies that Facebook still causes damage to our health, limitation is real applicable.

Table 5. Question Number 1: Facebook as A Hindrance in Personal Communication

Responses for the survey of the Grade 10 students on the influences of Facebook to the youth on Don Jose National High School. S.Y. 2017-2018.

Table 5.1 shows the answer of these 66% of students who consider Facebook as a hindrance for their personal relationship with other people. Some explained that it was because the more they become closed through Facebook, they are being complacent about the relationship they have, so it’s okay for them if they are not communicating personally because they are being used to it.

Also according to the research, because people tend to focus more on Facebook, they are being unaware of what’s happening to their surroundings, they forget about how to socialize personally.

But 34% of the students answered that they are not seeing Facebook as a hindrance, instead it actually helps them grow more on socializing personally. Facebook is urging them to make time for people personally.

Table 5. Question Number 2: Benefits of Facebook Use to Academic Needs of the Students

Responses for the survey of the Grade 10 students on the influences of Facebook to the youth on Don Jose National High School. S.Y. 2017-2018.

Table 5.2 shows that 28% of the students answered that they do not found Facebook so helpful when it comes to their academic needs.

According to the research, some students just use Facebook for entertainment purposes only. Some also says that even though they can communicate with their classmates and teachers regarding their homework, still most of the informations now in Facebook are false.

On the other hand, 72% of the students answered that they consider Facebook as a helpful medium to excel with their academics because some of them are searching the pages from Facebook regarding the different kinds of trivia and information that improves their knowledge and is helpful for answering the logics in some class discussions. Also they can ask some of their classmates about the things they get confused into through chat even when they are apart.

Conclusions

Young teenagers spend a lot of their time in browsing the network particularly the Facebook as they find it as the best form of communication mode. The most popular mode of networking is undoubtedly, the Facebook apart from other social media networking sites. Using Facebook sometimes has a big help but also a big distraction.

Facebook provides a development platform for many social gaming, communication, feedback, review and other applications related to online activities. It has affected the social life and activity of people in various ways. Facebook has also a large impact on students. Some students are using it for educational purposes. Students would like to do some online collaboration with classmates. Since most of the students consider Facebook as their medium for communication base on the findings. Facebook also allows people using computers or mobile phones to continuously stay in touch with friends, relatives and other acquaintances wherever they are in the world, as long as there is an access to the internet. It has reunited lost family members and friends. It allows users to trade ideas, stay informed with local or global developments, and unite people with common interests or beliefs through open and closed groups and other pages. Facebook has let people to join large group of peers and acquaintances to socialize with them by means of video call and chatting.

The social networking site has become an addiction for many that can lead to the lack of productive activities, instead of students concentrating to their homework or studying for a test the next day, they are spending hours looking through pictures, answering page comments, and chatting with their friends on the site’s instant messenger. On the findings, students mostly spend their 30 minutes to 1 hour of using Facebook but take note that the time that students spend on chatting and video calling is not yet included. When people are connected online there are always something to talk about but when it is face to face interaction it becomes awkward to make conversation without social media. It also ruined relationship because Facebook builds up jealousy; which causes quite a bit of tension in a relationship, insecurities, due to the fact that it makes people compare themselves to others. Bullying is also the negative effect that can lead to depression and low self-esteem.

Using Facebook definitely comes with negative effects, but not everyone who uses this site is affected. Many users are able to use the site responsibly by not posting too much information and not spending too much time on Facebook. Although the social networking site includes some negative effects, it is still worth using. The site helps people to stay connected to friends and family, and share important or exciting news to a large group of people. The site is not completely negatively viewed, as long as a user thinks about how they are using it.

I. Recommendations

Time management, commitment and focus as the attitude help student decrease the negative effect of Facebook.

Researchers recommend some ways in which students can at least minimize the amount of time that they spend on Facebook.

Be offline in chat: Facebook chat is where you end up wasting far more time than you originally intended. This way you can minimize chat request from friends through Facebook. If you want to talk you your friends call them up instead of chatting them on Facebook.

Avoid apps and games. This is also the biggest time waster in Facebook. Games should be played not virtually but in the real world. Like playing games, why not choose a sport that interest you and try to practice it. This way you were able to avoid Facebook games and at the same time you were engage into physical activity that promotes a healthy lifestyle. Because on the researcher findings, 58% out of 100% students sometimes suffer some health disorders such as obesity, blurriness of sight and dizziness after using Facebook.

Also Facebook should make the privacy settings more clear and easier to use. Additionally, Facebook should monitor the amount of time a user spends on Facebook each time in order to prevent addiction.

This way students will be able to control the amount of time that they spend on Facebook.

Bibliography

1. Rosen, Larry. (August 2011) “Psychological effects of Facebook on Teenagers and its Overuse” Retrieved on: June 27, 2016, from https://www.wehavekids.com.
2. Fodeman, Dough and Monroe, Marje. (January 22, 2009) “The Impact of Facebook on our Students” https://www.ChildrenOnline.org.
3. Shukla, Amitabh. (March 12, 2015) “Top 10 Negative Effects of Facebook on Teens” Retrieved on: October 24, 2017, from https//www.paggu.com.
4. Ruiz, Rebecca. (October 21, 2011) “Facebook’s impact on Student Grades” from https//www.thechoice.blogs.nytimes.com