Category: Entertainment & Media

Abstract

Effective communication is one that reaches its target audience and produces the desired results. This paper will review three objectives belonging to both motivational and informational objectives and the tactics that will be used for each objective to reach as many people as possible.

Introduction

In communication especially public relations communication, the objectives have to be clearly identified. Objective in this case means the end result or goal of a campaign. Different types of objectives include output objectives, impact or motivational objectives, informal objectives, attitudinal objectives and behavioral objectives. Its important to have an overview of what the different objectives are before classifying the objectives in question.

Output objectives deal with the media while impact or motivational objectives are designed to have a specific impact on the target public. Informal objectives mainly deal with message exposure. They help in increasing the absorption of the message among the public or target audience. Attitudinal objectives on the other hand are aimed at swaying the target audiences attitude while behavioral objectives are meant to influence the audiences behavior to suit the campaign.

The tactics that will be employed for each objective will be done on the backdrop of many considerations based the nature of the intended change, the target public, the outcome to be achieved, the amount of change desired and the target timeline date for achieving the outcome.

Objectives

Making the public aware of a new product

Enlightening the public on a new product is an informational objective. The public needs to absorb all the information. For a new product to acquire loyalties in an already existing market, loyalties need to shift. Tactics have to focus on price quality and knowledge availability. Knowledge availability will be given emphasis here. Different tactics can be used to pass the message across. Advertising in the media, planning a product day in the community and launching a promotion testing the target audiences knowledge on the product will the tactics to be employed.

Advertising

Its important to note that the product is new to the public and therefore advertising in the media will have an immediate wide reach within the target market. The media here include electronic and print. Television, radio and the internet will be the primary electronic outlets while brochures and newspapers will form the majority of print media to be used.

Product day

Arranging a product day which may run simultaneously on different places will aim at distributing free samples of the products so that the people may have a first-hand feel of the touted advantages.

Product knowledge promotion

The promotion testing knowledge of the product will ensure people internalize all the available information on the product. These tactics acknowledge that fact that the product that is being introduced is new and therefore maximum exposure is necessary to curve a sizable niche in the market.

The above tactics are achievable because all that is needed are the resources to drive the message in the most creative way possible. These tactics are as real as they can get because they aim at interacting with people, which is a primary objective of any campaign that has any chance of success.

The media is going to play a critical role in ensuring the achievement of these tactics. Monetary resources will be required to achieve the tactics. Use of credible media and prime time advertising will ensure the maximum reach of the targeted audience. The difficulty will be experienced in the competitive bidding of prime time advertising that is normally a preserve of moneyed campaigns. Shifting loyalty from existing products will also be a challenge considering the skepticism that accompanies the entry of such products into already established markets.

The success of informational objectives is always difficult to achieve. However, the response from the public will be used as the main parameter of success. Communication channels will be put in place to capture the feedback from the public and effectively the mood and feeling towards the campaign and the product. From the feedback, more positive sentiments will signify the success of the tactics while excessive negative sentiments will show limited success.

Position an art museum as a major community asset

This is an informational objective. The campaign will be aimed at increasing awareness of the economic importance of the museum in the community. The campaign will aim at increasing comprehension and absorption of the message that the preservation and development of the museum is a worthy call.

The local community will be the target audience while the increased appreciation of the museum as a potential income generating economic entity in the community will be the ultimate aim. While it is a tall order to have everybody onboard appreciating the museum, it is important to work towards having the majority of the community contributing to its survival. The timeline for accomplishing the educational drive will not be fixed rather will be gradual.

A community undertaking like sensitization of people on the usefulness of a museum to the community will require closer interaction with the people and the tactics have to reflect that. Such tactics include distribution of booklets with information on successful community museum projects; involvement of the leadership of the community in championing the usefulness of the museum, asking the community to forward different ideas on how to turn the museum to a major community asset.

Booklets

Booklets will target the literate members of the community. Booklets and brochures are normally distributed through the mail. They will be enlightened on the importance of the undertaking. Information about other successful community museums in other parts of the country or world will persuade the people to change their attitude.

Advantages of such a commitment by community members will be emphasized. Besides economic gains like increased revenue from tourism, the community will be informed on how community museums in other parts of the world have helped preserve the culture and heritage of different peoples. Such information is likely to find favor with the learned members of the community.

Involving the leadership

In all communities, whether modern or traditional, leaders have a way of communicating with their people. This will be one of the tactics that will be employed by the campaign. People are likely to obey their leaders, and such a suggestion will face little resistance, considering its coming from the people they trust. Leaders will champion the idea of transforming the community museum to a major economic asset, and they will emphasize the benefits that the community stands to gain.

Involving the people

Involving the community members will ensure maximum participation of the members. This will also help in determining the success of the campaign. People will be encouraged to suggest the way forward on the sustenance of the museum. This way, the response from the public will give a good indication on the extent to which he message has sunk among the public. Apart from gaining communally from the undertaking, people who may have an interest in art will find an opportunity to gain personally.

The above tactics aim at reaching every community member. The small jurisdiction that they target is one of the factors that were taken into consideration. The tactics are real in such away that they will not need many rthe esources to implement while at the same time, they will reach virtually all members of the community. Success will be determined based on how many people come forward to give suggestions on how to improve the community museum.

Increase the number of volunteers in the DFW community

This is an impact objective whose outcome will be measured on the number of volunteers that will join the DFW community. The tactics that will be involved in this particular campaign will focus on appealing to the people and capturing their conscious of sympathizing with the cause of the DFW community. Its important to note that people with the right personality traits and subjective dispositions are in a better position to volunteer.

Tactics of recruiting volunteers include face-to-face, recruitment, targeted recruitment, and broad-based recruitment tactics. The above tactics will target different people of different demographic features. Different age groups will have different motivations of why they would like to join the DFW volunteer movement. This will comprise the main content of the persuasion message.

Face to face recruitment

The community will be alerted of recruitment days where, the would be volunteers will met and register as DFW members. This will also double up as a public relations exercise. Recruiters, who will be leading the campaign, will be longtime members who will be very knowledgeable on the history, and future plans of the organization.

The recruiters will emphasize on the benefits that one will stand to gain from joining the organization. Besides, they will distribute written materials like brochures and magazines that will offer a more detailed account on the importance of joining the organization. Application forms will be distributed to the every person who attends to maximize chances of more people joining.

Targeted recruitment

This will target specific demographic groups like families, youth or teenagers and senior citizens. Families will be encouraged to volunteer as one unit. This will be done through visitations by recruiters. Families will be allowed to do volunteer time at their own convenience while the age limit will be lowered to accommodate the youngest members.

The youth will be targeted through their schools through the community work programmes. Emphasis will also be given to youth organizations like girl guides and boy scouts. Recruitment will also be done through parents especially via parents associations. Interested teenagers will also be use to influence their fellow youth to join. Senior citizens will also be encouraged to join and volunteering will be packaged as a good pastime activity.

Broad based recruitment

This will involve a mini media advertising campaign. Potential volunteers will be reached through news releases and other social events as will be necessary. Distribution of written materials about the organization will take place in large scale.

Netting, as many members as possible, will be the primary aim of the recruitment exercises. These tactics will focus mainly on interaction with people who are potential volunteers. Any chance to meet them and share the idea will be a perfect opportunity, and the meeting tactics achieve that. Success will be measured based on the number of people who will attend the recruitment drives and those that.

In contemporary society, people live under high pressure of different types of mass media. Men are surrounded by streams of data, and it is possible to become lost. It should be mentioned that the digital revolution also influenced the development of means of advertising. It is possible to say that advertisers now use different digital technologies to promote their good and make people more interested in it. They use wide access to TV, trying to give as much information as it is possible.

However, there are eight Principles and Practices which limit the information given by advertisers to people. These principles guarantee that all communication, including advertising, should do what is right for consumers, which in its turn is right for the business as well (Snyder para. 5). Eight Principles and Practices now became very important phenomena which try to guarantee a customers security.

Among these eight principles it is possible to separate two which seem to be the most important from the customers perspective. The first one states that all advertizing or communication share a common objective of truth and high ethical standards in serving people (Snyder para. 9). It is very important principle which can guarantee a customers security.

Advertising now gives a lot of information to people and it is obvious that they expect it to correspond with high ethnic standards. With this in mind, it is possible to state the fact that this principle is very important for customers as it can guarantee that they will get only reliable information which will not hurt their feelings.

Another important principle is connected with the previous one. It continues the tendency and is associated with people who create different kinds of advertising. It states the fact that all professionals who are responsible for the creation of an advertisement should follow only the highest moral and ethic principles while creating new advertisement. This principle should also protect a customer from undesirable information and guarantee an advertisement to be made in an appropriate manner.

However, not all of these principles are observed. Very often to create new advertising or attract more attention, advertising professionals forget about these principles. Such products can be very dangerous for people as they do not care about their mental health, their views, and beliefs. It is possible to support this statement with clear evidence. There is a great number of different advertisements which ignore the third principle which states that advertising should be clearly distinguished from news, entertainment or editorial content.

People would trust advertisement more if it is given as a piece of news or presented like editorial content. Nowadays, this practice becomes more and more popular. It is possible to notice the aftermath of this problem, visiting some social network or attending news websites. Very often it is possible to find an advertisement there. The problem is that it can be taken by some people as credible information.

Having analyzed the data, it is possible to come to certain conclusions. First of all, it should be said that there are eight Principles and Practices in modern advertising which try to guarantee customers safety. Unfortunately, very often they are ignored and people become misinformed. This tendency becomes more and more popular nowadays. With this in mind, it must be said that people should be more accurate with the information they are given.

Works Cited

Snyder, Wallace. Principles and Practices for Advertising Ethics. 2011. Web.

Introduction

Specific groups such as listeners, readers, and viewers form a large part of consumers and are referred to as the audience. In order to improve the volume of sales, business organizations are usually obliged to launch marketing campaigns for their products. The campaigns are known as advertisements. Hence, consumers can be manipulated, persuaded, and encouraged to develop loyalty towards certain products.

This form of marketing tool can also be employed in promoting social and political agenda. However, advertisements constantly bombard the targeted audience and are often out of control according to Gary Ruskin. The author also notes that coercive advertising is common since the audiences are compelled to change their buying behavior. The act of advertising is widespread even in undeserving locations like elementary schools.

Negative effects of advertising

A number of advertising gigs have angered several people. Some do not adhere to the moral standards of society. However, Adam Thierer notes that advertising can be beneficial to both an organization and the targeted audience. The author notes that advertising assists consumers to save money because they obtain adequate product knowledge and eventually settle on the best and most affordable item according to personal tastes and preferences.

This line of argument may be partially true. For instance, close to 10 billion US dollars is spent by Samsung annually on advertising. In addition, we may agree that media houses that advertise products also benefit hugely from such services. Consumers are equally in a better position to understand the products quite well before making their final choices.

Nonetheless, the latter assertion cannot be substantiated bearing in mind that some companies may go to the extent of providing false product information with the aim of persuading consumers to make purchases. Misleading advertisements are common in the market today.

The main purpose of any piece of advertisement is to paint the brightest image of a product. While the advertised product may not meet the purported standards, advertising makes it appear perfect.

This can easily lead to a false representation of a product. Several companies have found themselves in this fix (such as the case of Red Bull). When a case is filed by a consumer in a court of law for false or misleading advertisement, it can attract hefty fines on the part of the manufacturer. This explains why advertising is generally undesirable to society.

Perhaps, it might be crucial to consider one of the worst impacts of advertising in society when it comes to direct-to-consumer advertisements on sensitive products such as drugs. Some drug manufacturers portray their medical products as extremely effective in curing certain illnesses.

Consequently, users of such drugs obtain unrealistic expectations on the functional nature of the advertised drugs and eventually end up being disappointed. In extreme cases, false advertisements might lead to casualties when patients take prescription drugs that are not effective as stated in the advertisements. Several deaths have been witnessed owing to the negative effects of prescribed drugs in advertisements.

Worse still, consumers may waste millions of dollars on products related to beauty and health. Several health and beauty products contain harmful components such as mercury. However, most consumers are usually oblivious of the underlying dangers in such products. As a matter of fact, disclaimers are hardly visible in products that contain harmful components. When consumers are not informed of the side effects of products, they tend to fully believe the advertising messages.

As already hinted out, advertisements are everywhere and non-discriminatory. In other words, even the most vulnerable audience (such as school-going children) are targeted through their programs. It can be considered to be morally wrong to persuade young minds (children) to go out of their way and like certain products. While children do not have the autonomy to purchase and a mature mindset to make decisions, advertisers will always target them.

Conclusion

In recap, advertising is not a healthy practice in society. Consumers should be left to make their independent choices after being provided with sufficient and authentic product details.

The closure of BBCs Arabic T.V station paved the way for the birth of Aljazeera Satellite Channel, which became operational in November 1996. BBCs Arabic station ceased its operations in Saudi Arabia due to unfavorable political economy. The Saudi Arabia government was keen on suppressing information on the numerous cases of human rights abuse including the execution of dissidents. Aljazeera functioned as an Arabic news channels and a current affairs satellite T.V in its early years.

The T.V network has expanded to become a media entity with various outlets including web-based news and special television channels in different languages and countries. Aljazeeras mission is to deliver content, which will inform, inspire and entertain the world through creative and spirited people and provide expansive and comprehensive platforms for interaction.

The organization seeks to balance global media coverage to incorporate human diversity, expose and broadcast the plights of the voiceless and achieve outstanding results in its coverage. Aljazeera has remained faithful to its mission statement to date. For example, the decision to broadcast a live coverage of the war in Afghanistan put the T.V network in the global limelight. Aljazeera was the only media channel broadcasting a live coverage of the war in Afghanistan.

The Emir of Qatar, Sheik Hamada bin Kalifa, funded the creation of Aljazeera with a loan of about 137 million dollars. The loan helped to sustain Aljazeeras operations in its infant phase. The ruling family in Qatar remains the chief source of funding for Aljazeera although there are other private investors in the Aljazeera media Network (Walt, 2013).

The huge funding available for Aljazeera has allowed the T.V network to rival the BBC, CNN and MSNBC in terms of established bureaus, correspondents and access to American households. Aljazeera is dependent on government subsidies considering that the T.V network has been unable to attract advertisements to generate enough revenue to sustain its operations.

Despite the evidence on the funding of Aljazeera by the ruling family of Qatar, the focus on broadcasting uncensored news demonstrates the extent of the T.V networks editorial independence. Aljazeeras approach in broadcasting has discredited the notion that the Qatar government influences the content the organization publishes or broadcasts. Aljazeera has often been on the frontline in criticizing poor leadership in the Persian Gulf nations, which is unexpected of a state-controlled media outlet (Ghosh, 2014).

The influence of the Middle East political economy on the independence and transparency of Aljazeera is minimal considering that the media entity has demonstrated its willingness to broadcast politically unpopular views on numerous occasions. For example, Aljazeera hosts in-call shows, which sometimes arouse political controversies in various Persian Gulf states.

Aljazeeras low censorship index led to the nomination of the T.V network as one of the best sources of internet news alongside admired media entities such as the BBC and National Geographic (Byrne, 2003). The neutral approach in Aljazeeras new coverage has attracted criticism from individuals and organizations, especially western media entities. Aljazeera critics have labeled the T.V network as a mouthpiece for radical organizations such as Al-Qaeda and the Muslim Brotherhood (Tenenbaum, 2014).

A significant number of officials from the U.S and U.K have expressed concerns regarding the role of Aljazeera in promoting anti-western attitudes and views. Aljazeeras neutrality in broadcasting global events is a demonstration of the desire to incorporate the diversity of people and regions in disseminating information. For example, presenting the state of affairs in Israel, airing Iranians views, broadcasting videos released by the Muslim Brotherhood and analyzing the U.S congress decisions is an illustration of unbiased media broadcasting.

Aljazeera does not only broadcast wars in different regions but also highlights the impacts of conflicts on peoples lives. Aljazeeras approach gives its audience freedom of thoughts and room for debate, which is uncharacteristic of a state-controlled media. The organization won the Peabody Award for a documentary on the cholera outbreak in Haiti.

Aljazeera has a considerably huge audience in the Middle East considering that it is the largest Arabic News channel and broadcasts on some of the most hostile and unstable regions. The expansion of Aljazeera since 1996 is evident in the more than 30 bureaus the T.V network has established and the thousands of its correspondents in various parts of the world.

Aljazeera has succeeded in reaching people within and outside the Middle East (Enda & Guskin, 2013). The influence of Aljazeera outside the Middle East is evident in the remarks of American leaders such as Hilary Clinton who has often stated that the United States is losing the information war to entities such as Aljazeera.

Clintons remarks regarding Aljazeeras success in changing the attitudes and thoughts of its audience is a demonstration of the scope of Aljazeeras audience. For example, the broadcast of exclusive interviews and footages from Aljazeera in media outlets in the U.S and U.K has significantly increased the organizations audience in Western countries. The use of multiple languages in broadcasting has given Aljazeera an edge over its rivals because the T.V network can interact with listeners from diverse backgrounds.

References

Byrne, C. (2003). Al-Jazeera wins anti-censorship award. Web.

Enda, J., & Guskin, E. (2013). Aljazeera Americas biggest challenge: getting people to show up. Web.

Ghosh, P. (2014). Why Did Three Persian Gulf States Suddenly Pull Their Envoys Out Of Qatar? Web.

Tenenbaum, H. (2014). Americas Best News Channel Is Owned by Arabs. Web.

Walt, V. (2013). All eyes on Qatar, Aljazeeras money machine. Web.

Media has the ability to shape the public opinion meaning it influences the views, perspectives, and the reasoning of individuals in society. In many parts of the world, it has been utilized effectively to control the behavior of individuals in the sense that it determines what they consume in the market, the type of leaders elected, and the form of culture to adopt. CNN is of the media stations owned by the US government, which has always been employed in marketing the countrys foreign policy abroad.

During the Cold War, the television channel was given specific mandate of ensuring that American ideology was applied in various economies, something that was successful because a number of countries decided to incorporate liberalist ideas into their financial systems. Because of CNN, many countries of the south believed that the US was concerned with their welfare, yet the reality was that the media station was simply a propaganda tool meant to strengthen the American presence globally.

During the reign of Reagan and Clinton in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the US was engaged in multiple wars with the main aim of outsmarting the USSR, as the two world hegemonies were concerned with power. The media station was employed effectively in circulating false information in favor of the US while discrediting the opponent (Bennett 18). In fact, the US strategists and foreign policymakers had special programs that were aired at strategic hours for the entire world to watch.

When Iraq entered into war with Afghanistan, the media station engaged in discriminative reporting whereby the opponent was termed as the belligerent state whose aim was to attack and kill innocent citizens, including children and women. Many people sympathized with Iraq and supported the idea of sending the US troops to salvage the situation yet the reality was that the American strategists, who were concerned with achieving state interests, fueled the war.

When the US joined the war, the media station described the weapons possessed by American soldiers as the most sophisticated, something that weakened the fighting power of the antagonists forcing them to surrender even before they started fighting. The American populace was opposed to the war because of its costs, but the media station was determined to change the perception of people by reporting the events in a manner justifying the invasion.

Many individuals backing the Reagan and Clinton administrations were concerned with the way in which the regimes spent public funds in fighting the war that could not benefit the majority. Unfortunately, the US was not fighting to gain anything, but instead, it was only focused on minimizing the power of the USSR, as the foreign policy employed at the time was contentment whereby the influence of socialism on world affairs had to be controlled.

Because of this, the media had to be utilized to explain to the supporters that the war had a significant meaning since it was supposed to liberate people from the chains of defective economic policies. Consequently, the US government, under the two leaders received massive support from powerful individual and states globally.

In Europe, many states crossed over from socialism to liberalism only because of the information they received through CNN and many more decided to realign themselves with the US and its capitalistic policies, as the media station clarified the perceived controversial issues.

Works Cited

Bennett, Livingston. When the Press Fails: Political Power and the News Media From Katrina to Iraq. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 2007. Print.

This movie had a lot of different statistics and information regarding birth that surprised me. First of all, I was surprised by how widely birth practices differed in the United States and other developed countries. The Business of Being Born stated that midwives administered 70-90% of births in Europe and Japan (Epstein, 2008). Meanwhile, midwives took part in less than 8% of the births in the United States (Epstein, 2008). This statistic means that Americans are largely influenced by doctors and hospital protocol when it comes to planning and giving birth. Moreover, this suggests that Americans are more likely to give birth with the help of medical intervention. Accordingly, the movie claimed that medical intervention is often unnecessary and doctors tend to search for a pathology where it doesnt exist (Epstein, 2008). This assertion means that hospital births are not only very different and even contrary to the natural birth experience, but they are likely to include negative repercussions for future mothers. Statistics further underpin this belief, illustrating that the United States has one of the highest maternal mortality rates among developed countries (Epstein, 2008). This information was surprising because I have always believed that the United States was one of the leaders in the field of healthcare.

What registered my attention while watching this movie is that hospitals provide women with the most uncomfortable position of giving birth. The lithotomy position is more painful and makes it harder to push, which slows down the birthing process. Vertical birth is not only better because it is more natural but because it is more effective than the lithotomy position. Another interesting piece of information was the belief that doctors induced labor to fit their schedules. Finally, it was interesting to learn that the popularity of cesarean sections is currently on the rise with one in three women opting for this birthing procedure. This tendency is supported by celebrities who take pride in their C-sections and by doctors who are open to providing elective cesareans.

Having learned that most doctors are not trained in normal births and that 90% of women are liable to be induced, I believe that birth in the United States is an unnatural process for the most part (Epstein, 2008). Therefore, patients must understand the limits of a hospital environment. I would recommend my patients, friends, and family members learn more about their health and are cautious when planning their birth. In addition, I would urge them to look for a conscientious and well-rounded practitioner who understands the pluses of natural birth and is ready to function as a backup in case of an emergency.

The benefits of having a Certified Nurse Midwife deliver the baby include the possibility of more options. While hospital births are usually routine processes that end in the medical inducement or even a cesarean, a CNM provides patients with a variety of ways to give birth. By giving birth at home, in a familiar environment, women are more likely to feel relaxed and take their time while giving birth. Furthermore, CNMs provide a greater chance for patients to bond with their newborns since the possibility of being separated is less than in a hospital. Due to the lesser degree of intervention and the possibility of more options, I would choose a CNM for my partner.

Reference

Epstein, A. (Director). (2008). The Business of Being Born. Web.

Introduction

The media played an important role during the Arab Spring, and this showed the world the need to use various communication tools to influence people (Khalil 11). This part will present a general picture of the Egyptian Revolution and explain to the audience how the events of this period were disastrous yet unexpected.

The background part will show the evils or weaknesses of the existing regimes before people took to the streets (Korany and El-Mahdi 39). This part will form the root of the research because it will present how the media played significant roles in educating people about their rights before they started demonstrating.

Research Hypothesis

The Arab Revolutions in Egypt transformed journalism and placed media houses in unchallenged positions (Cook 41). This section will explore the avenues used by media houses to express various issues about the ruling regime and demonstrators during the uprising. It will present a position that has come to be accepted by citizens and politicians regarding the place of media houses in Egypt.

Research Questions

There are various issues that the world needs to understand about the civil unrest that broke out in Egypt (Iskandar 15). This section will use questions to evoke reasoning and enable the audience and researchers to examine the events of Egypt Revolution from different perspectives. It will challenge the audience to have an objective understanding of various issues regarding the media and how the revolution strengthened its course in Egypt.

Literature Review

The media has a lot to offer about the revolution, and thus, it is a source of information about the events of that period. Primary and secondary sources will be used to support, criticize, and compare information about the events that unfolded in Egypt.

Methodology

Data Collection

Most international and local media houses covered the events of Egypt Revolution either live or through other sources (Bradley 51). This section will explore how various media houses obtained their information and disseminated it to the public. It will use selected media houses and evaluate their roles in the unrest.

Sampling

The Arab Revolution was a horrible event, and few journalists had the courage to cover events as they unfolded (Mehrez 22). This part will explore various ways that journalists and other researchers used to collect data about the demonstrations. It will research and present how different media houses played their roles in exposing the brutal murders of demonstrators and the crumbling of Egypts ruler.

Data Analysis

The events of Egypt Revolution were like movie scenes because nobody expected a long-serving president would be ousted from power by civilians (Cline 37). Other forces, like the media and international community, played different roles that had impacts on the outcomes of the demonstrations. This section will explore the contributions of various communication houses in promoting unity among demonstrators and how they used other media channels to plan their activities (Schmidt 42).

Discussion

Implications

This section will focus on the importance of the media in the revolution. It will present and discuss the effects of media convergence on journalism in Egypt and other regions that experienced similar unrest (Sowers 50). This part will use the report findings to present the role of the mainstream and social media in influencing the behavior of protestors, journalists, and political leaders.

Recommendations

This part will present recommendations on how media houses and journalists can use crises to boost their relationships and advance their goals (Ide 76). This section will analyze the predicaments that forced media personalities and houses to converge in Egypt and the impacts of their actions on journalism.

Conclusion

The role of the media in Egypt Revolution cannot be underestimated. This section will present the issues that were discovered about media and journalism in Egypt during the uprising. It will expose to the reader the motives, roles, and influences of media and journalists during the revolution and present whether it was positive or negative to the development of journalism in this and other countries.

Works Cited

Bradley, John. Inside Egypt: The Road to Revolution in the Land of the Pharaohs. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012. Print.

Cline, Erick. 1177 B.C.: The Year Civilization Collapsed (Turning Points in Ancient History). New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2014. Print.

Cook, Steven. The Struggle for Egypt: From Nasser to Tahrir Square (Council on Foreign Relations). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. Print.

Ide, Derek A. Egypts Past and Potential: Nationalism, Neoliberalism, and Revolution. Hampton: Hampton Institute Press, 2014. Print.

Iskandar, Adel. Egypt in Flux: Essays on an Unfinished Revolution. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 2013. Print.

Khalil, Ashraf. Liberation Square: Inside the Egyptian Revolution and the Rebirth of a Nation. New York: St. Martins Press, 20132. Print.

Korany, Bahgat and Rabab El-Mahdi. The Arab Spring in Egypt: Revolution and Beyond. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 2012. Print.

Mehrez, Samia. Translating Egypts Revolution: The Language of Tahrir. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 2012. Print.

Schmidt, Erick. The New Digital Age: Transforming Nations, Businesses, and Our Lives. New York: Vintage Books, 2014. Print.

Sowers, Jeannie. The Journey to Tahrir: Revolution, Protest, and Social Change in Egypt. London: Verso Books, 2012. Print.

The main concept

Charles Siefe, the author of Jonah Lehrers Journalistic Misdeeds at Wired.com, talks of the many journalistic improprieties that Jonah allegedly committed during his tenure at Wired.com. Jonah apparently committed the two cardinal journalistic offenses, viz. plagiarism and fabrication.

Under plagiarism, Jonah uplifted content from other sources without giving the proper due credit to the authors of the information. In addition, Jonah practiced self-plagiarism by recycling his own materials from past writings.

Moreover, he took information from press releases without acknowledgment. Jonah additionally used his fellow journalists information without clear referencing. He also changed quotations just to make his content different. Finally, he gave wrong facts probably to confuse the readers and appear to have researched widely on his topics.

Why the author chose to emphasize on this point

The author emphasizes the issue of journalistic improprieties because they discredit journalism as a profession. Journalists assume the responsibility of informing the masses on pertinent issues that happen across the world. Therefore, most people believe what they read from books, blogs, and news articles amongst others.

Journalism as a profession requires journalists to research their information and offer facts based on solid evidence as opposed to hearsays. Therefore, Seife emphasizes this issue as a part of damage control so that people may know that not all journalists are like Jonah.

People have the tendency of making decisions based on one occasion, and thus they might conclude that all journalists are fake and unreliable. Therefore, the author of this article is on a mission to clarify matters and let the public know that the journalism profession can be trusted even in the face of unprofessional individuals like Jonah.

The surprise

The greatest surprise arising from Jonahs amateurish behavior is that such people exist in the journalism profession. Initially, I assumed that all journalists act professionally, and thus they follow a set code of ethics, which guides their work. However, I now realize that even professionals can employ uncouth methods in executing their duties.

This realization conflicts my earlier novice assumption that journalists are some of the most professional people across the world. I sadly recognize that my earlier notions almost amounted to naivety. At first when I heard of Jonahs improprieties, I went into self-denial because I could not understand why a professional would do such a thing.

Fascinations

Nevertheless, despite my shock after the revelation of Jonahs unprofessionalism, I was fascinated by the fact that it took over three years for people to realize the inconsistencies in his stories.

This aspect implies that people just read for the sake of it without connecting information from previous reads. In addition, it points to the fact that most people do not read and the few that read, they do not digest facts. For instance, the content uplifted from Jarret is almost similar, yet it took very long time for readers to realize the infringement.

Connection with other parts of my life

This revelation is a wake up call for my naivety towards life. Earlier, I used to believe everything that journalists said especially concerning the United States foreign policy. However, I now realize that I might have been duped on several occasions into believing wrongful information.

For instance, all along I have believed that the US invaded Iraq due to the presence of weapons of mass destruction, but I am now reconsidering that perspective. Going forward, I will be critical when reading and interpreting information by journalists.

Introduction

In the documentary, The Harvest-La Cosecha, Angus McLennan reveals the struggling lives of thousands of immigrant children who have turned into farm workers in the US. In the article, I Was a Warehouse Wage Slave, by Mac McClelland reveals the gruesome working conditions and low wages in the online-shipping warehouse.

Just as is the case in The Harvest-La Cosecha documentary, McClelland reveals that the online-shipping business in the US targets vulnerable pool of people to offer cheap labor without asking questions. This paper attempts to explicitly compare and contrast the various working conditions covered across several class readings and documentary. The paper will also suggest possible solution for lessening the negative effects of these practices.

Comparative analysis

In the Harvest-La Cosecha documentary, there are many underage children working in the expansive farms everyday for more than the standard eight hours as stipulated the US labor laws. The children work for fourteen hours every day and do not have a single day off in a week. Despite the longer working hours under a hostile work environment, the immigrants are paid peanuts and they do not have health insurance or workman compensation benefits which as indicated in the federal labor regulations (McClelland The Harvest scene 1).

The same pathetic conditions are observed by McClelland as a worker in one of the online-shipping warehouses in Ohio. McClelland is surprised by the dehumanizing and demoralizing work conditions they are subjected to. While working at the Amalgamated Product Giant Shipping Worldwide Inc., the workers shipped products for online retailers under conditions that were surprisingly demoralizing and dehumanizing, even to someone whos spent a lot of time working in warehouses (McClelland par. 3).

Slavery as a mode of production has remained a favorite in companies that function in markets that attract immigrant workers and vulnerable people. These companies thrive on discrimination and exploitation of labor supply to satisfy their selfishness. Since they are the masters of labor production tools such as wages, this group continuously disrespects the rights of the laborers.

For instance, the labor strategies in the online shipping warehouses in Ohio are characterized by exploitation and depression of labor to ensure that hybrid slavery with bare minimal remuneration supports massive profit making at the least possible cost of production. McClelland admits that within the giant online shipping warehouses, working more than eight hours is mandatory. Stretching is also mandatory, since you will either be standing still at a conveyor line for most of your minimum 10-hour shift (McClelland par. 5).

This trend is similar to the scenes in The Harvest-La Cosecha documentary where the young immigrant workers from Latino and African descent are paid lower salary but are expected to achieve optimal performance in inhuman conditions. These underage employees are expected not to ask any stupid questions but follow the orders to the later. Any sign of disobedience attracts immediate dismissal (McClelland The Harvest scene 3).

In a perfect labor market, wages are supposed to be determined by the cost of production and total output. Unfortunately, this is not the case in the Harvest-La Cosecha documentary and the online shipping warehouses in Ohio. Laborers are merely spectators of exploitation as feudalist system controls production mode. For instance, in the article, I Was a Warehouse Wage Slave, McClelland is subjected to a gruesome interview and background check as though he has no rights as a human being.

The computer asks racist and intimidating questions with a preset notion that all the potential employees have a criminal past. Besides, the warehouse has very little policies on employee safety. McClelland notes that there are transition points in the warehouse floor where the footing is uneven, and people trip and sprain ankles (McClelland par. 11). Despite full knowledge of this, little has been done by the management to improve the situation.

The same scenario is visible in the documentary. The young vulnerable immigrant workers do not have sick-off, treatment cover for injuries on site, and medical cover for any form of illness. They are expected to show every morning and work.

For instance, one of the supervisors dismisses an immigrant worker who was taken to him ill. Unfortunately, this immigrant worker and others with health problems are dismissed without any form of compensation. Instead, they are declared lazy persons who do not want to benefit from the land of opportunities (McClelland The Harvest scene 5).

Suggestion for improvement

Reflectively, transitional wage differentials offer a valid explanation for the elicit labor differential persistence in the labor markets as part of the supply constraint. Ideally, the workers in the two environments have limited option apart from changing jobs since these current positions are the best alternatives they are able to secure.

There is an urgent need to integrate the above sectors within the US labor regulation frameworks. For instance, the federal government should be proactive in defining the minimum wages level, acceptable working conditions, and employee compensations packages for vulnerable immigrant workers who currently forms 16% of the total labor force. These recommendations will be instrumental in improving the working conditions in the above sectors.

Works Cited

McClelland, Mac. The Harvest: La Cosecha. 2011. Web.

I Was a Warehouse Wage Slave. 2012. Web.

The perception of humor, its principal determinants, and reaction trigger is an investigated issue for many kinds of scientific research. Humor provides positive emotions and stress relief; the individual sense of humor reveals personality, expresses an upstanding outlook on life, it indicates personal characteristics of cognitive and emotional behavior, as well as social components (Lessing-Venter, p. 9). Though the incongruity should be regarded as an essential component of humor appreciation, it is more typical and demandable in written jokes. The humorous visual phenomenon focuses on another persons misfortune for the recipients pleasure and feeling of superiority, characters affinity, and exaggeration. In this paper, the sketch comedy character will be created in evidence of this theory; his description will be provided sarcastically.

Description of the Character

Our characters name is Mr. Country; he is a 45-years-old American, slightly obese, and with sharply white teeth. He was born in Mansfield, Texas, but moved to New York when he was one year old and has never visited his birthplace again. Nevertheless, he is very proud of it and tries to speak Texas English. He likes to look fashionable and follows trends. Our character never leaves his favorite Nike snickers, even in bed sometimes, and only the cowboy boots, his red and white plaid shirt with the jersey under it, and jeans compose his ideal ensemble for all formal events. But there is one unchallenged outfit for Mr. Country  his green pajama for visiting the local supermarket every morning. Despite his patriotism, Mr. Country loves to travel, specifically he makes trips to Europe, where he frequently talks English slowly and spells words while communicating with French or Italian people; he sincerely believes that his fast speech is the only reason why the Europeans do not understand him.

Mr. Country starts every lunch with potato chips and an Old-Fashioned Meat Loaf; for breakfast, he eats scrambled eggs with bacon and hash browns. He never drinks anything without putting ice into it first, sometimes he puts ice into his milkshake with ice cream. During shopping, this man often buys thirty Coca-Cola pop cans, five kilos of peanuts and ten paper towels packs  better have it and not need it than need it and not have it. In his over-the-toilet storage cabinet, he always has an antiperspirant (our character is worried about the smell), tums (American diet is specific), antiallergic drug, and anti-depressants to manage his complicated American life. Mr. Country prefers all kinds of combative sports  American football, rugby, baseball. He does not understand the association football, and despisingly calls it soccer. As a genuine American, our character does not play sports; he watches it, with beer, chips, BBQ, and the knot of good friends. Naturally, his favorite music is old-time rock and country, sometimes he listens to soul and blues.

Mr. Country often repeats Happy wife  happy life, and avoids arguing and contradictions with his spouse to the extent he did not notice that she had divorced him two years ago and comes only to feed his fish with another brand-new fish food. Mr. Country loves his daughter so much that he meets her new boyfriend with the gun. Besides, he adores his weapon; it took place in his heart possibly after God and the American flag but definitely before any government and law. Also, he is conceivably ready to defend his private property, his backyard, till the last breath. Everything shown on television is considered by Mr. Country as the ultimate truth  unvalued people and unverified information will not be presented on TV. The Internet and electronics did not gain his trust yet. Foreign films, celebrities, and news, in general, are not attractive to him as well.

He has his small manufacture business; once he had visited his friend and seen his dog, Mr. Country decided that T-shirts with the printed image of his friends bulldog in cowboy boots and a pirate hat will be very attractive for customers. His T-shirts are quite popular among young people, that is why Mr. Country often stays at work from 6 am till midnight to supervise fabrication. On every package with his T-shirt, there is the warning Do not eat. Once he was interviewed for a newspaper, though not for his business but his 35-lb-loss of weight. Also, Mr. Country never answers phone calls; he would not even answer the president, only after checking the voice message, he would decide whether to call him back later.

Our character drives his Dodge pickup; he has total contempt for fuel economy and recognizes all nations on the road. According to him, there is an Asian in a car dragged in front of his pickup, a Russian or an Iranian in a passing vehicle with blacked-out windows, a Mexican in a car with twenty-five passengers; and if an automobile is tearing by loud music  certainly, there is an African-American in the drivers seat. The dispute in the court with companies without any substantial reason is a beloved hobby of Mr. Country. Frequently, he gathers with his neighbors to lodge a class action lawsuit against any store, where the quality of service was supposedly unsatisfying, on the grounds that all of them were there. Our character is deliriously happy if he manages to get twenty-dollars compensation shared between all complainants. Mr. Country complains to the manager in any restaurant where smoking is prohibited even if he sees a pictured cigarette.

Reasons for Humorous Appreciation of the Character

The perception that a character or a sketch is humorous, funny, is a distinctive quality in human consciousness. With few exceptions, such as lie suspicion based on previous experience, new information is received as serious and requested particular reactions. However, humor is accepted initially as a play, and the knowledge system of an individual is not needed in the upgrade, accepting jokes as a supposed truth. Receiving a humorous message does not require actions; it can be taken and amused passively.

This character can be regarded as comical for the vast majority of Americans as he contains significant reasons of humor appreciation in his appearance, behavior, and routine. The noticeable resemblance of the character with an essential number of recipients, mixed with widely known stereotypes and exaggerated features makes Mr. Country funny to a particular age-related, yet broad audience  a notable number of people will partly recognize themselves in this character. Definite clothes, traditional food, and sports, avoiding family disputes, hyperbolic love for pets, private property, weight loss, and big automobiles, work addiction, and value of original ideas in business  all these features will make the character familiar to an audience. Besides, he can be inserted in sketches, making him relative to the characters of Rowan Atkinson, Bill Irwin, and Barry Lubin. Atkinson created the character, Mr. Bean, who represents national, English, humor in a stereotypic and exaggerated way. The figures of Bill Irwin and Barry Lubin are exaggerated as well, but in their traits and actions, the majority of people can notice similarities with themselves. In sketches, our character can represent not only common stereotypes about the American community, as viewed by foreigners but familiar to countrymen traits in character, appearance, and behavior as well.

Work Cited

Lessing-Venter, Nandi. A Contemplative Investigation into Humour Development, Sense of Humour and a Few Mechanisms Underlying Humour. ResearchGate, 2018.