Category: Engineer

At a time in life, everyone is forced to choose a career path to usually follow for the rest of their lives. Me for example, it’s that time of my life where I’m graduating high school and pursuing a specific career! Personally, I’m was going to pursue acting, however, it wasn’t realistic due to the $300,000 of student debt I would end up with after graduation. So I’ve decided to enlist in the U.S. Navy and serve as a Private (A rank we all start with) I’m planning to become a U.S. Navy Seabee, which is Navy but on land, doing construction, mechanical engineering and so on and so forth. The career that I’ve laid my eyes on is Mechanical Engineering.

As mentioned, the career I will be pursuing is a part-time Mechanical Engineer in the U.S. Navy. In the U.S. Military, the most important thing out of any job even a rifleman is teamwork. According to the official U.S. Naval Career Website, an Engineer’s most important duties are “… efficiency, teamwork, and reliability, mixed with an ability to build almost anything permanent or portable” (U.S. Navy 1). As a Mechanical Engineer, my specific duty is to repair damaged automobiles, heavily armored vehicles, and air crafts. I will have to attain the ability to prepare land surveys, maps, sketches, and blueprints at a moment’s notice. I will need to learn how to operate “bulldozers, backhoes, forklifts, cranes and many asphalt equipment”(U.S. Navy 1). Although I’m listed as a Mechanical Engineer, I also have to by law, be a part of the US. Navy Seabees. This means I will also need to learn to “install drywalls, paneling, ceramic tiles, ceiling and floor tiles, millwork and also learn how to install, operate or repair heating and cooling systems, power production, electrical distribution, and plumbing systems”(U.S. Navy 1).

Like I said earlier on, careers are usually something we first pursue then follow for the rest of our lives, which means that career choices must be wise and picked out carefully. I chose this career because it’s offered in the U.S. Navy which means I would still receive the same benefits as a regular U.S. Navy and help my family out but at the same time being able to conquer challenges I will have to face throughout my career of mechanical engineering. At the minimum, I will by law have to sacrifice anywhere between two to six years of my life serving in the U.S. Navy in general. I will also be put at risk of mechanical failure injuries throughout my life as a mechanical engineer. In my opinion, this career suits the best because of how difficult it is to do and how much attention u must give while doing your job. I personally am a dedicated person who really likes a challenge and being a mechanical engineer will keep my life challenging at all times because there are so many different things in life that a mechanic gets to repair and most of them are similar but different at the same time which prolongs the challenge.

Furthermore, being a mechanical engineer doesn’t mean that I must join the U.S. Military. I simply just chose the Military for the additional pay and benefits that may or may not impact me greatly later on after I become a veteran. The path I would have to take is to first pass the Navy’s boot camp just like all other recruits of any military branch. Upon graduation from boot camp, I then will proceed to “A-School” dispatched by the U.S. Government for mechanical engineering and work as a mechanical engineering intern with other well-skilled engineers already within the U.S. Navy. I then will have to graduate this university (Still not determined by the Government so I currently do not know) at the minimum with a “bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering or mechanical engineering technology” (CollegeGrad 1). This then allows me to work full time as a Mechanical engineer without being supervised by another engineer of the same type.

Overall, I’ve learned through my extensive research that being a mechanical engineer in the Navy isn’t an easy task. In fact, it’s arguable that it’s more difficult than that of a regular mechanical engineer due to the extra rifle training, personal training, and schooling we must go through while working. I’ve learned that being a mechanical engineer requires the most basic levels of teamwork but while I’m in the Navy, the most important values aren’t the most basic level of teamwork, I must provide everyone on my mechanical team with love and respect, efficiency, teamwork, and reliability, mixed with an ability to build almost anything permanent or portable. And most importantly, my trust, and hope. I’ve learned/realized that through these hardships, there are a lot of things we can let go of, but there is one thing that we absolutely cannot let go of, and that is hope. Even if it is a slim glimmer of hope, as distant as the stars in the sky, as small as a single match stick, it’s a light that leads us to walk forward to the dark.

Introduction

As a soldier in the United States Army, I understand that it is my responsibility to respect my non-commissioned officers (NCOs). Disrespecting an NCO is a serious offense that could have serious repercussions, and I would never want to jeopardize my military career.

Definition of NCO

An NCO, or Non-Commissioned Officer, is a leader in the military who has achieved a level of authority through training and experience in the armed forces, rather than through a commission from the government.

Reasons Why I should not Disrespect an NCO

1. Disrespecting is a sign of a lack of discipline and respect for authority. As a junior enlisted member of the military, I should always show respect for those in positions of authority, especially NCOs.
2. NCOs are responsible for the well-being and professional development of their subordinates. Disrespecting could prevent them from providing me with the guidance and training I need to become a better soldier.
3. Showing disrespect for an NCO undermines unit morale and cohesion. It can also create a hostile environment, making it difficult to work together as a team.
4. Finally, disrespecting an NCO is a breach of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ). I should always strive to adhere to the UCMJ.

The Consequences of Disrespecting an NCO

I will face serious consequences. Depending on the severity of the offense, I could be facing anything from a formal counseling session to extra duties and restrictions. If the offense is more serious, I could be facing an Article 15 or even a court-martial. This could result in a reduction in rank, a fine, or even imprisonment.

I could also face disciplinary action from my commanding officer, which could include a written reprimand or a bar to reenlistment. In addition, I could be discharged from the military.

I could also face social consequences from my peers. Respect is a cornerstone of military culture, and if I don’t show respect for the NCOs, my peers may not respect me either. This could lead to ostracism or even bullying.

Finally, I would be damaging my own career. Disrespecting an NCO can be seen as a breach of military etiquette, which could have long-term effects on my reputation, my career prospects, and even my ability to get a job in the civilian sector.

Conclusion

After considering why I should not disrespect an NCO, I have come to the conclusion that it is not a good idea. It can result in serious consequences, such as disciplinary action, and can damage the morale of the unit. Moreover, it can have a negative effect on my own reputation and hinder my career prospects. Ultimately, it is always best to treat an NCO with respect and to show professional courtesy. This will ensure that my working environment remains a positive and productive one.

This essay examines cases of professional ethics violations by engineers that ultimately led to the formation of engineering ethics.

We all make mistakes, and engineers aren’t a special case. In any case, engineering mix-ups can cause extraordinary debacles that will always resound in the psyches of the individuals who saw them, and their causes will be considered by each new age of engineers. Some will contend that experimentation is a strategy that drives our capacities forward, however, the expense can now and again be unfathomable. A calamity is alluded to as an engineering debacle when it’s brought about by an engineering disappointment: structure imperfections or materials disappointments, regularly brought about by deficient information, distinctive underestimations, or even lack of regard or carelessness. With the assistance of innovation, engineers are able to do fundamentally lessening blunders in procedures. Indeed, even with all the innovation and cross-checking strategies connected to forms mishaps happen every once in a while. The greater part of these fiascos results in the death toll as well.

Engineers don’t see themselves just as the representatives of extensive associations however as free experts with culture and set of practices all their own. As a component of the improvement of the calling, engineers have built up a general arrangement of morals to pursue. As in all craftwork, there are sure engineering norms to meet and regular contemplations of structure and use for the shopper. Engineering went up against considerably more significance in regular day to day existence after the Industrial Revolution. Expansive scale engineering ventures came to rule the scene of most real nations. Featuring the significance of strong engineering were the auxiliary disappointments of a few remarkable tourist spots, for example, the Quebec Bridge in 1907, which cost numerous lives. Engineering morals started to go up against an incomparable significance along these lines, as individuals discovered that lives relied upon a very much made plan.

Chernobyl is popular for the debacle which happened at its atomic power plant. What precisely occurred there? The Chernobyl nuclear office which was situated in Ukraine around 20 km south of the fringe with Belarus. At the season of the mishap, the plant had four working reactors (units 1, 2, 3, and 4). The mishap happened in the early morning of 26 April 1986 when administrators ran a test on an electric control arrangement of unit 4. The mishap happened on account of a mix of fundamental engineering inadequacies in the reactor and broken activities of the administrators. The wellbeing frameworks had been turned off, and the reactor was being worked under ill-advised, temperamental conditions, a circumstance which permitted a wild power flood to occur. This power flood made the nuclear fuel overheat and prompted a progression of steam blasts that seriously harmed the reactor building and totally wrecked the unit 4 reactor. The blasts began various flames on the tops of the reactor building and the machine lobby, which were doused by firemen following a couple of hours. Roughly 20 hours after the blasts, a vast flame began as the material in the reactor set flame to burnable gases. The expansive flame consumed amid 10 days. At present, in excess of five million individuals live in territories that are viewed as ‘contaminated’ with radioactive materials from the Chernobyl mishap. The territory nearest to the reactor site was most intensely tainted and the 116 000 individuals who lived there were cleared not long after the mishap. In spite of the fact that this calamity was before the development of ‘engineering ethics’, it violated a couple of them. It was later discovered that the structure of the reactor 4 was defective. It didn’t have similar security includes as reactor 1 and 2 and was progressively helpless against a mishap. This is a case of untrustworthy conduct as there were not appropriate safety features were introduced accordingly taking a chance with the lives of the general population who lived adjacent. In the event that the administrators had not completed the test when they knew the dimension of hazard would increment possibly the calamity at Chernobyl probably won’t have occurred.

Another event that happened in the city of Quebec. Everything started in 1887 when three delegates from Quebec City constructed the business in the locale. The three-representatives started an association which they called Quebec Bridge Company and motivated a license to collect a framework. Appallingly, on account of the nonattendance of advantages, no work happened till 1900 when they got cash related assistance from the assembly. Quebec Bridge Company at that point gotten another association, named Phoenix Bridge Company, to manufacture the structure. In their arrangement, the framework sat 150 feet over the stream. Quebec Bridge Company enrolled Theodore Cooper, a noticeable American augmentation originator at the time, as the guiding engineer for the endeavor. Cooper supported the Phoenix setup anyway made acclimations to the stature of the center range. Before the amassing of the parts began, the association’s arrangement engineer assessed the hard and fast heap of the completed augmentation. The Canadian government required their very own engineer to study the hard and fast heap of the expansion, yet Cooper denied. In February 1906, upon closer examination of the Phoenix setup Cooper found that the authentic heap of the augmentation would outperform the estimation anyway it was past the final turning point and he discharged the work on. Cooper started working out of his New York office since he was not beneficial. In August, McClure communicates New York since unions between a bit of the lower chords in the south anchor arm were bowed. Chafed by this report, Cooper asked for further nuances on how they ended up turned. By August 27, the misalignment of one of the lower chords ended up being genuinely recognizable. In just a single week, harmony 9-L left the line from 65% of an inch to two and one-quarter inches. In any case, regardless of these and diverse peculiarities, the Phoenix Bridge Company did not end advancement. In any case, at 5:37 p.m., Aug. 29, 1907, around a comparative time, that the Phoenixville meeting was reaching an end, the Quebec Bridge unexpectedly fell. In the space of just 15 seconds, the south anchor arm, the cantilever arm, and the mostly completed suspended range fell almost 150 feet into the St. Lawrence River. Only 16 bodies were recovered from the distorted decimation at the base of the stream. It was Canada’s most exceedingly awful fiasco. This was an encroachment on ‘engineering ethics’. If he had stopped the work when he found that the surveyed weight was lower than the genuine heap of the framework legitimate lives would have been saved.

One of the other disasters was the failure of the St. Francis Dam. Dam manager Tony Harnischfeger, joined by his child Coder, did his standard investigation. He saw muddy water that had all the earmarks of being originating from a crack in the base of the dam. Expecting that this muddy water could be originating from the dam establishment, he called lead engineer William Mulholland to express his worry. Yet, after examination chose that the water was being muddied by the dirt from a new access road and was not concerned. Mulholland, in spite of the fact all the development, chose that there was no requirement for an alert. A simple twelve hours after the fact, a couple of minutes before midnight, the dam fizzled, making an enormous influx of water evaluated at 125 feet high that cleared down the valleys toward the ocean. At least ten requests were actuated by invested individuals, yet the one we will look at was an official and most referred to examination. Governor Young charged a board of four structural engineers and two geologists who knew about the solid dam plan and the nearby land geology. Their report demonstrated that the St. Francis Dam disappointment was because of two particular elements. Firstly, Mulholland had planned the dam with a determined safety factor of 4. The safety factor is determined by separating the real auxiliary quality by the base basic quality required. The more noteworthy the safety factor the more outlandish the structure is to come up short. Due to the future of a dam, high safety factors are incorporated with the structure, some being as high as 20. Mulholland did not mull over the tallness expands that took into account 7% more water to be put away in the store than the first structure limit. This additional worry to the dam structure, with no adjustment in quality and, could have brought down the safety factor to under 1. Secondly, some portion of the dam’s establishments supporting the entire of the East Abutment had been laid over the old bedrock survives from a geographical structure called paleo-landslide, which is unstable ground from a substantial, old avalanche. When the reservoir was at the full limit, it elevated the East Abutment to confine itself. It at that point made its very own avalanche that additionally prompted breaking at the dam’s heel.

All in all, engineers attempt their best to make items as sheltered as workable for everybody. It is their obligation as an engineer to do as such however mishaps do occur. A few fiascos were the aftereffect of exploitative conduct from the engineers in this way the reason engineering ethics was framed. Chernobyl and the Quebec Bridge Disaster are exceptionally genuine instances of these. On the off chance that engineers keep up a decent routine with regards to moral conduct in their calling a few calamities might be kept away from. Human shortcomings are by all account not the only motivation of calamities however nature, structure and material disappointments are conceivable reasons for fiascos as well. A few different strategies have been enhanced to diminish the number of occurrences. The use of innovation has supported engineers in the engineering field. For instance, CAD is utilized to make plans which can tell if the structure is down to earth or not. Taking a gander at the splendid side occurrences like this assistance the engineering field to progress as they here and there uncover critical data which would not have been open generally. They give engineers the chance and inspiration to gain from the mix-ups and enhance procedures to support give an enhanced situation.

References

1. ‘Chernobyl Nuclear Accident’. Alcohol: 5. What Social and Economic Problems Are Linked to Alcohol Use?, http://www.greenfacts.org/en/chernobyl/index.htm.
2. Mackay, Caroline. ‘Engineering Failures: Chernobyl Disaster’. Engineering Institute of Technology, http://www.eit.edu.au/cms/news/industry/engineering-failure-chernobyl-disaster.
3. Marsh, James H. ‘Quebec Bridge Disaster’. The Canadian Encyclopedia, 28 Aug. 2013, http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/quebec-bridge-disaster-feature.
4. Reader, Casey. ‘The Importance of Engineering Ethics’. Bizfluent, 26 Sept. 2017, http://bizfluent.com/info-8347158-importance-ethics-engineering.html.
5. Scott, Willie. ‘Engineering Disasters: the St Francis Dam Failure’. Brighthub Engineering, 12 Nov. 2018, http://www.brighthubengineering.com/hydraulics-civil-engineering/116882-st-francis-dam-california-disaster/.
6. Whalen, James M. ‘A Bridge With Two Tragedies | Legion Magazine’. Legion Magazine Face To Face Was The Dropping Of The Atomic Bomb On Japan Justified Comments, 1 Nov. 2000, http://legionmagazine.com/en/2000/11/a-bridge-with-two-tragedies/.

People will be both positively and negatively impacted by the increase in technology. Now a daysSoftware engineering technologies are increasingly split and further eroding the communities trust and shattering their relationship. In line with this, currently there are more programs, courses and other important practical activities that point or indicate the way to have the better future for the wealth of human beings. Due to this learning to skillfully manage our scarce attention and our thinking for our own well-being and that of our circles of influence is the key issue.

Background

Software’s are part of our lives and they are into every aspect of our society. Whether it is for the communication, banking, education, medical care, transportation, government agencies, shopping, retailers, transactions or general maintenance, software are everywhere.

A major trend that can be already be seen on software engineering products are information overload, using for simplification of workloads, recreation and information conversation. There is so much information which is over loaded on the software engineering products; too much for any user of any intelligence level to competently intake and synthesize[Krieger, 2018] The information which is overloaded on the software products such as on the internet, impacts our cognitive abilities and emotional health, often not in a positive manner and its impact on the society includes as follows.

• Regarding to the information which is available, it is difficult to examine what to focus on, what is actually important to us and which information is useless. Due to this we lost our concentration on the positive thinking rather we focus on the wrong things. In either way, those activities are negatively affected our brains and causing stress on us behind losing focus on real world.
• In most of the time the posted or shared online materials are quickly accepted without any critical understanding and evaluation.
• Personnel disengagement from social interactionsare causing losing of personnel concentration ability.
• Human beings weak critical thinking as well as the addition of fake news will also be erode the communities interaction, increase fraud and lead to bad national decision.

Discussion on the Interaction between Software Engineering and Humanity

Software engineering technologies development has many positive and negative effects on human well-being. Evaluating the net impact of either of these, let alone both together is nearly impossible. The negative effectsrash out thatthe human-beings attitudes and policies toward the technologies and practices of those software engineering and companies advocates, remain largely the same in the near future. Even though software engineering technologies development has a positive aspect in case of bank tellers and employees can manage everything on computers using software, including interest calculation, record of daily transactions, customer requests and also in the case of shopping, we can buy everything online, without stepping out of our homes. This software’s allow as to select any item with our intention, allow to pay online and allow to access, deliver and return or cancel it. But apart from the positive impacts, those software engineering applications have a negative impact. On the top of that most soft wares which interfere human beings normal daily operation of computers as well as networks, such cruel or malicious soft wares has the potential to damage the daily activities of human- beings by not only steal the data but also by hacking the and distribute network any reports.

The other impact of these software technologies is that, most of the time many human beings think/believe that without those software’s applications such as smart phones and their application of social Medias. In another way this technologies have caused distracting, demeaning, disrespectful, dependentand addiction and it create or causes poor mental and physical health outcomes. This has negative implications for one’s own well-being as well as academic achievement, productivity and self-concept, but also for the well-being of those around that person. More use can foster greater access to resources and support, but also to more depression and other forms of decreased wellbeing.

The Future of human Well-Being in a Tech-Saturated World

The intrusion of software engineering technologies, digital and online into more aspects of daily life has already begun to erode the cohesion society needs to function[Krieger, 2018]. Software future development in digital distraction will have also Future developments in digital distractions will aggravate the current human beings trend in which those human beings are increasingly separated from one another in every aspect of the interest except for narrow interests, attitudes. The current human beings ability to see or work each other valuable groups or members of the society is being eroded and we look that the current situation that human beings who have different religious, nationalities, back ground and political affiliation as others are not be trusted and are much less embraced as fellow human being.

Potential Interventions to Overcome Challenges to Individual’s Well-Being

As per the report of [Krieger, 2018]most among the respondents who said digital life will stay the same noted that every technology has always had its positive and negative effects and that on balance, things will probably stay about the same.

Currently human beings are organized to create civilization to achieve self-preservation makeups that shut down human beings understanding thinking in favor of quick and automatic fight reactions. But those reactions are important to keep our followers from death and destruction and these reactions are generated from the deeper and older parts of our brain.

Now a days our civilization or development with technologies is not much smart enough to endure the confusion that we have created because it is making us stupid with uncertainty and haplessness.

The following points are some of the classes of actions that can be taken to mitigate potential harms of software technologies:

• Focus or mark the positive consequences and the negative or unintended consequences of those software technologies in order to provide and bring or foster the community’s conversations to focus their interaction towards the development of personal and social well- being.
• Focus on the development of new software applications for the purpose of increasing the social, financial and physical attitude of community’s well-being.
• Focus on the development of education, training and practices of critical thinking, community’s mutual trust activities, and conflict resolution and transformation activities.

Conclusion

Software engineering technology has some positive and negative impact on human well- being. The negative aspect of those technologies will have the potential to reduce knowledge and experience with human being social interactions besides it leads to isolation, depression and increased a number of broken relationships with families, couples and groups of the community. While the positive aspect of software’s are important for the gathering of information and for simplification of workloads on the society especially in organizations and companies. Generally the positive impacts lead to improved lifestyles and opportunities, while the negative impacts lead to threats, disadvantage and reduction of privacy and safety.

Reference

1. http[www.enotes.com/homework-help] Provide few examples (both negative and positive) that indicate the impact of software on our society
2. Krieger, D. J. [2018]. The Expanded Edition : The Future of Well-Being in a Tech- Saturated World, 1–89.
3. Report,[2018]. Pew Research Center : The Future of Well-Being in a Tech- Saturated World

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to highlight and critically evaluate the major theories on the psychology behind leadership, motivation and teamwork methodologies and how we can apply them in the management of multi-disciplinary engineering teams to obtain effective work output. The methods used in this paper included looking at the vast amount of psychology research papers and then engaging in a process of evaluation. The information on this paper is not to be blindly accepted as scientific facts, the subject being analysed is infinitely complex, therefore, it is prone to human bias reducing their validity. Some critical factors are missing in the estimations hence why they are called theories and can be proved to be inconsistent by modern researches.

Introduction

Multi-disciplinary engineering teams refer to teams containing different types of engineers. Engineers from all backgrounds often work together to achieve a common goal. Engineers require to be motivated and understand the principles of working in teams. During the industrial revolution, organisations had to create ways to maximise productivity and meet demand.

Leadership

The universal definition of leadership is the process of organisation and maximisation of people’s effort to achieve a goal, originating from social influence. There was a time many of us held the assumption that leaders were born and not raised, giving birth to the great man theory. This seems to be an inconsistent theory as individuals will receive steerage and become leaders themselves, plenty of researchers and psychologists understood this reality, thus over the years, this theory lost connectedness. The assumption that people are nurtured by their surroundings sounds more appealing since it is a fact that we can be influenced by others, this effect is stronger during an individual’s youth, we might observe that someone raised in a house of skilled scientists is additional seemingly to become one. In engineering organisations, everybody must be ready to create choices and come up with solutions while influencing others around with good decisions as well as delivering robust projects within strict deadlines. This helps engineers develop vital thinking and organisational skills essential for leadership and management at organisational levels. Leadership is not to be confused with management. Some may believe leaders and managers are the same, but the truth is they have differences. A leader gives people direction while a manager directs people, in other words, people will follow leaders and work for managers. Leaders are risk-taking while managers are risk-averse. Some will argue that leadership is good, and management is bad because managers often focus on the results rather than the passion for working the role. In my opinion, both are important. A decent manager ought to recognize the various management techniques and once to use them correctly. A good leader, in my opinion, should have the ability to inspire others to deliver what they know best to get the task done. Researchers thought that they had known the subsequent key leadership traits: drive, honesty and integrity, self-assurance, mental stability, and an understanding of the business. Those findings are very arguable because in general, the study of leadership in terms of traits has not been a productive approach to explaining leadership for the fact that humans are infinitely complex and plenty of different factors need to be taken under consideration. Ironically, it has been found that every leader does not possess all the traits mentioned in these theories, whereas several non-leaders possess several of them. Leading a multi-disciplinary team of engineers requires a contingent leader. Currently, there are three main leadership styles: autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire. A democratic leader will value and consider each member input. In an autocratic environment, no input is required from the team members and decisions need to be made fast. Laissez-faire leadership will be mainly and strongly dependent on the members. A contingent leadership will focus on variables related to the environment that might determine which style of leadership is best suited for the situation. This highlights the contingency theory. According to this theory, no leadership style matches all situations. Effective leadership in organisations depends on many variables. Contingent leaders can assess the needs of their followers, take stock of the situation, and then adjust their behaviours accordingly. Success depends on several variables including the leadership style, qualities of the followers, and aspects of the situation. Participation is important in engineering teams; it helps members feel important and engaged in the activity taking place. It improves the relationship between participants, low and high rank. Relationship theories concentrate on the relationships between leaders and supporters. Transformational leaders empower and encourage people by allowing the members of the community to recognise the value and the higher good of the mission. These leaders are based on the success of the members of the community, but they still want people to understand their potential and integrate into big engineering organisations. Relationship activity refers to the degree to which the leader engages in two-way contact.

Motivation

An acceptable definition of motivation is when an individual must accomplish a personal goal, and this is often expressed through patterns of behaviour. What does it take to motivate members of an organisation? Seeing that money is not enough to extend productivity, will perhaps challenging employees with a good style of innovative projects guarantee motivation? There are two motivation concepts: intrinsic (such as recognition, curiosity and competition) and extrinsic motivating factors. Several models were designed to answer the questions, but before we get into that, there are sub-concepts to think about and these are: motive, motivation, and motivator. Motive relates to the inner mindset that triggers and regulates actions towards organisational goals. They appeal specifically to the desires of people. Motivation is indeed a method of encouraging behaviour by acknowledging the desires of workers and leveraging their motivations. The motivator is that the strategy getting used for motivation, like incentive pay, promotion, among many others. Great leadership understands that employees have their personal goals that require to be satisfied. The key factors are known the satisfy workers is named ‘hygiene factors’ in according to Herzberg. Herzberg conducted a widely publicised motivational survey of 200 accountants and engineers working by companies within the Pittsburgh region of u.s.a. Asking people to talk about two incidents at work. These factors include good working conditions, job security, salary, supervision, company policy etc. These are extrinsic to the duty and environment centred. These causes are mentioned as ‘dissatisfaction’ or ‘hygienic causes’ as they are important to the mental state of workers. These are often mentioned as maintenance variables since they are important to sustain a good standard of satisfaction. If they continue to be in an exceedingly working environment, they won’t generate discontent. Their presence, however, does not inspire workers. These variables do not seem to be particularly motivating; however, their lack of presence will result in disappointment. These are the variables of the work sense Observing Herzberg’s theory, we are led to know that not all the requirements are driven. Different sets of needs play different roles within the general phase of inspiration and fulfilment within companies. The happy employee is inspired from inside to figure harder, and the frustrated employee is not self-motivated. Employment happiness is not a one-dimensional notion. Thus, removing causes that cause work frustration will contribute to stability, but cannot motivate it. The factors resulting in job satisfaction are separate and distinct from those who result in job satisfaction. the alternative of “satisfaction” is “no satisfaction”, and the opposite of “dissatisfaction” is “no dissatisfaction.” The work itself is the key to satisfaction and motivation. Herzberg argued that the secret to self-motivation was ‘enriched employment.’ Managers must also pay careful attention to the enhancement of work content. Herzberg’s theory has two stages within the process of motivating employees. First, managers must make sure that hygiene factors are not deficient. By providing hygiene factors at an appropriate level, managers do not stimulate motivation but merely make sure that employees are “not dissatisfied”. Employees whom managers try and satisfy through hygiene factors alone will usually just do enough to induce by. Hence, managers should proceed to stage two allowing employees to experience motivation through job enrichment that is through motivators like challenging work, responsibility etc. Herzberg argues that jobs should be redesigned to produce higher levels of motivational factors. Despite the seeming value and importance, Herzberg’s theory has also been criticized by behavioural scientists on several points: A problem with this theory is not being universally applicable. It is better applicable only to executives, technical and senior personnel. Researchers question Herzberg’s methods of investigation. These cared-for prejudices his results. the speculation is method-bound. The conclusions of this theory are supported a little sample which is not representative of an attribute. It decreases the motivational value of maintenance factors, i.e. wages, working environments, interpersonal relationships, etc. The excellence of maintenance and motivational factors is not rigid and conclusive. There could also be an appearance of two factors but, there is just one. It over-simplifies the connection between satisfaction and motivation similarly to between the sources of job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction. On the opposite hand, motivation may be a process while satisfaction is an outcome that happens after actual motivated behaviour has been exhibited. it is not a theory of motivation, because it stresses the importance and provides a proof of satisfaction instead of motivation. It fails to account for differences in individuals. It assumes that everyone employee will react similarly to motivational factors. Some people are motivated by a demanding task, while others are strongly motivated by money. It ignores situational variables. it is not held in high esteem by researchers within the field. Now, knowing that Herzberg theories do not have a contingent approach. We shall gravitate towards two other views on a way to motivate employees supported things. It was argued by Douglas McGregor that managers are grouped into two categories, X and Y. McGregor’s Theory Y: This opinion postulates that employees are naturally driven and willing to require responsibility. Appropriate management style is to consider building a productive working environment combined with constructive incentives and encouragement. McGregor’s Theory X: The common perception of the workforce is that workers are generally idle, self-centred and deficient in motivation. the desired management style is thus solid, top-down leadership. However, it does not encourage innovations, ` for this reason more organisations use theory Y.

Teamwork

Workplace attempts to cooperate on a project will improve the efficiency and innovation of workers. Teamwork may help to accelerate the execution of work, help managers appreciate the talents of their workers and guide potential work assignments. In some circumstances, group work can cause challenges, so it’s visiting be better for workers to work independently. Group work is when two or more employees work cooperatively to complete a project. Often, individuals receive different roles within the group to supply accountability among its members. In some fields, creativity thrives when people share ideas freely and might like others’ input. When assembled thoughtfully, employee groups can produce quality work with positive collaboration and encouragement. Taking all of this into consideration, perhaps the simplest thanks to defining teamwork are: when a gaggle of individuals work together cohesively, towards a typical goal, creating a positive working atmosphere, and supporting one another to mix individual strengths to reinforce team performance. The quality of teamwork could also be measured by analysing six components of collaboration among team members, those are communication, coordination, the balance of member contributions, mutual support, effort and cohesion. Studies found that effective teamwork within the workplace happens when individuals flourish as they use and develop their Strengths. This can be a spotlight on individual strengths and identifying where an individual’s best contribution can be made. People close building relationships and as they work together well ends up ineffective teamwork. Then individual strengths and teamwork close in pursuit of meaningful goals performance starts to flow naturally and Results that are meaningful and rewarding to the team are achieved. Consider attitudes and dealing types. attempt to appoint people to a project that have common job habits and work arrangements. for instance, two workers working within the same workplace can have a more time-consuming planning meeting than members of a virtual unit. Creating a similarity group will improve cooperation and efficiency. Assign a task to everyone. A community will work smoothly when the roles of every member are transparent. When forming a squad, ensure that every member of the team is assigned a task that involves unique tasks. as an example, you may appoint someone to be the group coordinator who is answerable for putting in place a gathering schedule and ensuring that the team performs the assignments on time. Group work is often effective if we use it within the right scenarios and that we carefully select the team. An efficient team should be good at problem-solving. accomplishing tasks faster. Engaging in healthy competition. Developing strong relationships.

Conclusions

Raja, Tom and Christina are engineers working at an organisation developing a solar energy storage solution. The task is to optimise a counter-flow heat exchanger to achieve the desired steam outlet at a reasonable time. Raja is very motivated but lacks competence in problem-solving. Christina is a good problem-solver, effective communicator and organised but is self-sufficient. Tom is knowledgeable but unmotivated and lacks confidence. An effective leader recognises that they have to adapt their leadership style according to the team member abilities. According to contingency raja needs to be approached and reminded that he is being assessed and that if targets are not met, he risks facing disciplinary actions. The leader will not need to micromanage Christina, however, she can be suggested about the importance of teamwork in organisations. Its is great that Tom holds knowledge looking at his records. We must assess his needs and find the best way to motivate him.

References

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