The Effective Use of Youtube Videos for Teaching Food Chains

Technology plays a vital role in society and can be incorporated into various aspects of our everyday life. Youtube website is a video sharing service that can be integrated into the traditional Biology lessons. Youtube videos are usually very interactive and if used correctly can play a key role in the teaching and learning field. Learners that are exposed to authentic and real life clips can gain positive indicators (Maness, 2004). The use of Youtube videos to teach the lesson on Food Chain will not only make the lesson more fun and meaningful but also help learners get a better understanding and knowledge of the topic.

During my first week of observation, I realized that the teachers stuck to the traditional way of teaching. If there was any use of technology it would be the use of powerpoint presentation which had nothing but words and a few pictures. This still gave the feeling of the traditional style teaching where the lesson was teacher-centred since the teacher was reading or dictating use the powerpoint. The students often look unengaged and most times were non interactive. Additionally, ease of use and access paired with it being free of charge made the Youtube website a remarkable choice for this study. Youtube can be considered one of the most popular websites in the world (Alexa 2011). In fact there are many channels that students can subscribe to on youtube to get one on one lessons on Youtube. One of the most popular channels is Khan Academy, which has over 5.25 million subscribers worldwide. You can visit the following link to see it https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4a-Gbdw7vOaccHmFo40b9g. The fact that more learners display less interest in the traditional style learning as was seen during my observation period, birthed the topic of this research lesson.

The purpose of this paper is to shed light on a new way of teaching Integrated Science courses and examine the effective use of Youtube videos for teaching Food Chains in a grade 8 Integrated Science classroom. This paper will seek to answer two questions; namely, Is it helpful and useful to use Youtube as an additional teaching tool in an Integrated Science classroom? And To what extent can Youtube videos improve students’ understanding of and performance in Biology?

The significance of this study is aimed at both teachers and students of Biology. The findings from the lesson study will give insight on how teachers can use Youtube videos as a supplementary material to teach the main topics in the course in order to complete the syllabus accurately and efficiently. Next, it will give students a chance to access these same videos outside the classroom so they can watch the clips as many times and study at their own pace, thus making them more active and independent learners. The final objective is to offer teachers a chance to use new mode of learning and make the Biology classroom more student centered.

Correlation Between Yearly Album Sales and Youtube Views

Introduction

The aim of this paper is to find the correlation between yearly album sales from 2015-2017 and the YouTube music video views. K-pop otherwise known as Korean Pop has been increasing in popularity globally these past few years and I believe it is a really good way to know the culture of South Korea. When I was first interested in K-Pop last year, I was really intrigued by the difference of Korean and Western artists. In Korea, their artists are very active music and social media wise. As in Korea, they have apps where the artists can interact with their fans such as VLIVE, Naver, Fancafe, etc. While in America, it is usually only from Twitter, Instagram and others. Another difference that I noticed was that in Korea, when they have a comeback/debut, they usually go on music shows to promote themselves. These music shows are broadcasted weekly and in the music shows, fans are able to show their support for their artists by voting or streaming. Each music shows have different criterias on how the idol’s fans can show support and help the artists win first place.

This topic is very interesting to me because I am genuinely curious at how the yearly album sales and youtube views can be correlated since they both can affect the artists’ win on music shows. Even though some of the percentage of this category might be low, it still helps a lot for the artists. My hypothesis for this exploration is that there won’t be a correlation between the album sales and YouTube views because some people might not be really interested with the group to the extent of buying their albums, as the albums are also expensive which might be a problem for some fans because they might not think it’s worth it to spend their money on the albums.

Conclusion

From the results and graph shown above, it can be concluded that the album sales from the top charting songs of 2015-2017 and their YouTube music video views do not correlate well together, since the r value that was obtained was -0.0368, it can also be said that it has a weak and negative correlation.

In conclusion, the impact of YouTube views on album sales are not that high as there might be some fans that did not buy the album sales because the albums were too expensive and the fans were saving their money or they just did not want/were not able to buy. There might be some correlation to each other as there are some fans of the idols/artists are willing to stream the music videos to increase the views and to buy their albums, there are some that are only watching the music videos because they are simply curious or they just happen to stumble upon it. There might also be some fans who did not buy the album because they’re trying to save money or they don’t have the money.

Bibliography

  1. K-Pop definition. Retrieved November 10, 2018, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-pop
  2. https://twitter.com/BLACKPINK_PH/status/1005763113017208832
  3. Gaon Digital Chart, top 10 best charting songs album sales. Retrieved October 18, 2018, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaon_Digital_Chart#Year-end_chart
  4. YouTube music video views. Retrieved October 18,2018, from https://youtube.com

Advantages of YouTube TV over Sling

Cable TV is slowly being overtaken by events. Granted, there are still millions of loyal subscribers who haven’t “cut the cord” yet but the masses are now gravitating towards online options of viewing content. Blame it on technology or crazy work schedules but convenience is now top on the list of people across the planet. Among the many options of online TV includes YouTube TV—a fairly new player in the game but one with an incredible attitude and force.

Launched in 2017, YouTube TV is an online, stand-alone TV streaming service that is available in limited areas. Thanks to its own YouTube Originals channel with a huge fan base, YouTube TV took off the minute it was introduced to the world. Now, YouTube TV has soared to incredible heights and is competing with industry giants like Sling. In all honesty, both Sling and YouTube TV are masters at their game but we will tell you why YouTube deserves the title of favorite cable alternative over Sling. DVR YouTube TVs best selling point is its built-in DVR feature. If you are a television buff who hates nothing more than missing out on shows as they make their debut on television, you will absolutely fall madly in love with this feature. All you have to do is set it up to make recordings of all your shows and movies as they play on live TV.

This way, you won’t feel disappointed when your favorite team plays during your office meeting. What’s more, these recordings will stick around in your crawl for up to 9 months. Sling, too, has a DVR feature but with it, you have to pay an additional $5 on top of the package cost and only can only get 50 hours of recordings. Simplicity When it comes to simplicity of streaming, YouTube wins the day. For a rate of $40, you get access to a predetermined number of channels including an unlimited cloud DVR. With Sling, you have to consider the number of channels to use not forgetting the fact that you only have 50 hours of DVR storage for the same package.

Multiple accounts Another favorite feature of YouTube TV is that it allows family sharing of up to 5 additional people. You can share your account with your favorites and catch them up on the next season of Vampire Diaries without them playing the episodes through an on-demand video service. Additionally, you can binge watch all your favorite shows together from any device. Includes YouTube originals If you are a YouTube fan, you will benefit greatly from the inclusion of YouTube Originals on YouTube TV’s subscription packages. This is true if you a content creator for YouTube Originals. For obvious reasons, Sling lacks this feature in all its packages.

Long list of networks YouTube TV currently streams 50 networks plus its very own YouTube Red Originals. If you subscribe to its s packages, you will have access to some of the entertaining channels like ESPN, ABC, the Disney Channel, Fox, Nat Geo, BBC America, the CBS Sports Network and Bravo. A few add-on channels include Sundance Now, Fox Soccer Plus, and Shudder. Sling has quite a long list of channels as well but a good number of them are add-ons that cause a surge in the subscription cost. If you live in one of the areas with access to YouTube TV, why not subscribe to it and enjoy all the benefits above? Use the 2019 YouTube TV Promo Code, and go for the advanced package to enjoy the satisfaction of paying less for more along with the joy of having access to nothing but the best content the world has to offer.

Using Social Media to Promote Political Awareness Through the Example of the Million People March

The Republic of the Philippines has been called the ‘promise of Asia’ and the ‘sick man of Asia’ alternately ever since its search for stability, prosperity and development began (Manrique & Manrique, 2017). This review attempts to show how the use of social media in one country, the Republic of the Philippines, has grown and has been used to encourage political awareness and participation among the Filipino masses. The country is ranked among the most technologically savvy in the world but ironically is also considered one of the most corrupt countries as well.

The 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution is one of the biggest and most admired revolution that the world has seen. It reminds people that a peaceful assembly is still possible in a complex and aggressive society. Yet again, on Aug 26, hundreds of thousands of Filipinos came together to let their voices be heard in the ‘Million People March’. The Million People March was the first of a series of protests in the Philippines calling for the total abolition of the Pork Barrel fund, triggered by public anger over the Priority Development Assistance Fund scam. The supposed Million People March was the first of a progressing arrangement of dissents in the Philippines requiring the aggregate abrogation of the Pork Barrel store, activated by open displeasure regarding the Priority Development Assistance Fund trick. Starting calls circled through online networking, primarily on Facebook and Twitter, to gather a challenge on August 26, 2013 at Luneta Park in Manila and additionally different urban areas across the nation and abroad. A few media analysts consider this as the primary ever monstrous rally in the Philippines called and sorted out generally through online networking channels (Revano, 2016).

The social media-fueled rally dubbed the ‘Million People March’ was emulated on a smaller scale in other cities across the country and in various cities around the world where there are large concentrations of Filipinos. A few called for the ouster of Aquino, the then president at the time of the PDAF scam, and there was a widespread fury with politicians. The protesters, armed with placards and pig masks, called for a change in leadership and the abolition of the pork barrel. This showed how social media and technology in general can start a change in the world.

The issue posthumously known as the ‘pork barrel scam’, is a political scandal involving the alleged misuse by several members of the Congress of the Philippines of their Priority Development Assistance Fund, a lump-sum discretionary fund granted to each member of Congress for spending on priority development projects of the Philippine government. It is estimated that the Philippine government was defrauded of some ₱10 billion in the course of the scam, having been diverted to Napoles, participating members of Congress and other government officials. Aside from the PDAF and the fertilizer fund maintained by the Department of Agriculture, around ₱900 million in royalties earned from the Malampaya gas field were also lost to the scam.

The pork barrel has been an item in Philippine appropriation laws for decades, despite intermittent criticisms of its profligacy and corruption. It was reportedly introduced when the Philippines was a colony of the United States (Nograles & Lagman, n.d). The history of the Philippines shows that colonial domination by the United States distorted the country’s economic and political system, co-opted Philippine leaders to colonial policies, and corrupted the democracy project after the Filipino revolutionaries lost the Philippine-American war of 1887. In fact, the United States bred the oligarchy that persists to the present in the form of political dynasties. It’s colonial political innovations also enabled the growth of patronage-oriented political parties.

The defenders of the pork barrel, mostly members of the congress, have annually sponsored this appropriations item, vigorously justifying it as part of the congressional function and an important component of national development. In fact, in the midst of calls for its abolition, an undated article justifying the pork barrel system entitled ‘Understanding the Pork Barrel’ was published on the congressional website by no less than the former Speaker of the House of Representatives. His treatise stars with the rather dismissive statement that “The public cannot appreciate what it does not understand”. Furthermore, the Philippine version of the pork barrel gives legislators the post-enactment discretion to allocate lump sum funds to projects and beneficiaries selected by them, which makes it very difficult to regulate and almost impossible to audit.

In light of the protests, the Filipino hacktivist group PrivateX defaced at least thirty government websites early on August 26, hours before the main protests. These include the websites of the Philippine National Police and the Philippine Embassy in Rome, Italy. Hacktivism or hactivism, a portmanteau of hack and activism, is the use of technology to promote a political agenda or a social change (anonymous, 2019). With roots in hacker culture and hacker ethics, its ends are often related to the free speech, human rights, or freedom of information movements (Mikhaylova, 2014)

On its Facebook page, Anonymous Philippines claimed that the websites of the Office of the President, Senate, Bureau of Customs, Department of Finance, Department of the Interior and Local Government, Department of Agrarian Reform, Department of Public Works and Highways, Bureau of Internal Revenue, Bureau of the Treasury, Department of Energy, Department of Education and Department of Environment and Natural Resources were affected because of disfiguration of the sites by the PrivateX (Inquirer, 2013).

After the series of webpage defacements, the Department of Science and Technology said there was a need for a secure Web hosting government agencies and services. It noted that a July 12 administrative order mandated state agencies and government-owned and -controlled corporations to host their websites under the new Government Web Hosting Service to be provided by the DOST.

Anonymous Philippines, hacktivist, left a message on the Bureau of Customs home page as the one left on the other websites. The message read: “1987 Philippine Constitution. Article III, Section 4 states that “no law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press, or of the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances”.

Works Cited

  1. anonymous. (2019, March 10). Hacktivism. Retrieved March 2019, from Wikipedia: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacktivism
  2. Inquirer, P. D. (2013, August 27). What Went Before: Anonymous Philippines. Retrieved March 12 2019, from Philippine Daily Inquirer: https://technology.inquirer.net/31159/what-went-before-anonymous-philippines#ixzz5hl8FXwa7
  3. Manrique, C. G., & Manrique, G. G. (2017). Social Media’s Role in Alleviating Political Corruption and Scandals: The Philippines during and after the Marcos Regime. Political Scandal, Corruption, and Legitimacy in the Age of Social Media, 18.
  4. Mikhaylova, G. (2014). The “Anonymous” Movement: Hacktivism as an Emerging Form of Political Participation. Retrieved March 2019, from archive.org: https://web.archive.org/web/20171019175804/https://digital.library.txstate.edu/bitstream/handle/10877/5378/MIKHAYLOVA-THESIS-2014.pdf?sequence=1
  5. Nograles, H. P., & Lagman, H. C. (n.d). Pork Barrel. Retrieved from Republic of the Philippines House of Representatives 17th Congress: www.congress.gov.ph
  6. Revano, T. F. (2016). Empowerment Technologies for Senior High School. Manila: Mindshapers Co.,Inc.

Cause and Effect Essay on the Rise of Social Media

1. Abstract

This paper explains how social media (technology more in general) which now is part of our everyday life was shaped on the basis of the history and culture of the particular social and political needs of a restricted group of users (particularly in academic and military environments). Social media and smart devices arose from the use of basic methods of communication, such as signs, symbols, letter writing, flags, visual signals, lamps, bell ringing, or lights during the First World War. During the war itself, the military had some form of cumbersome transmitters which operated some long wave signals for communication purposes. As the war progressed, the Pilots in warships were using the voice-over radio for communication and were able to link up and share military skills and secrets with ease over very short distances. This was the birth of a new communication trend otherwise known as the birth of social media. The rise of social media and smart devices (Technology) also come about with some adverse consequences which I shall address in this paper.

1.0 Introduction

The history of social media can be traced to before the First World War when the different methods of communication were by the use of signs and symbols. During the war itself, the military started using some form of cumbersome transmitters which operated some long wave signals for communication purposes. As the war progressed, the Pilots in warships were using the voice-over radio for communication and were able to link up and share military skills and secrets with ease over very short distances. This was the birth of a new communication trend otherwise known as social media. In this paper, I will discuss the rise of social media and smart devices as well as some of the adverse consequences of social media. I will also look at the differences between social media and smart devices and how they have been used to shape modern forms of communication.

I will use as my case study, The Republic of Cameroon which is a developing country located in Central Africa to demonstrate how social media has been used in modern days as a liberation tool. I shall also use some African countries to back up my ideas.

1.0 Definitions

1.1a. Social Media

Social media has been defined by the Merriam-Webster website as “all forms of electronic communications through which users create communities to share ideas, personal messages, and other contents. “[1] I personally hold the belief that social media is an avenue where people, businesses, and the general public come together, with friends to communicate, interact, and share ideas of their personal interest using some kind of smart devices.

1.1b. Technology.

Throughout this paper, technology will be used to mean any form of device, system, or method that through any practical or scientific manipulation will yield knowledge and development. This brings about the idea or notion of progress as an extension of other manipulations. ‘To the minds of most people the desirable outcome of human development would be a condition of society in which all the inhabitants of the planet would enjoy a perfectly happy existence’ [2].

1.1c. Machines.

Machines in this paper will be used to mean some kind of defined functions or roles which if performed correctly will yield a particular task. This also brings about the idea that Machines (technology) development is shaped by historical and cultural context. ” the physical conformation and functionality of the machine we use is determined by the history of technologies from which it arose” [3]

2.0 Body:

History holds it that old methods of communication were done using signs, symbols, or even letter writing. Before the First World War, some basic methods of communication were using flags, visual signals, lamps, bell ringing, or lights. This birth of a new communication trend otherwise known as the birth of social media, actually started during the First World War with the military using better forms of communication which became a paradigmatic view on which we have to accommodate. During the years what emerged is just an effort to try to adapt the needs of the users to the machine and not vice versa. More so, what has prevailed is the idea of using social media as a liberation tool rather than a constriction due to its constantly changing functioning mechanism. ” A smart device is a context-aware electronic device capable of performing autonomous computing and connecting to other devices wire or wirelessly for data exchange” [6]I personally do not see a clear distinction between social media and smart devices. Since its inception, social network sites like WhatsApp, Instagram, MySpace, Facebook, LinkedIn, etc, have attracted millions of users, and many of them have integrated these sites into their daily activities. Some share the view that it is a major means of communication while others use them as a tracking device. In this present generation, I can hardly remember someone who can be for about a day without browsing social media. As we browse, communicate, and use the media, the constantly changing behavior of this site becomes a danger to the public.

The development of social media creates a closed world discourse that shapes the way we think and behave. I will take a case study of Cameroon and its relationship with the mainstream media, located in the central part of Africa with little infrastructure and is deprived of all up-to-date communication facilities. In some areas or sections of the country, there are no roads or electricity thereby making life even more difficult. Social media in Cameroon around the early 1990s. I can remember this period when it was difficult to communicate and share ideas with some of my family members. We had to travel miles or kilometers to be able to talk to someone over a fixed telephone. Texting was not possible and cost was very expensive. More so, it became more difficult, complicated, or even almost impossible to request for someone to call back. The situation gradually began to change with the rise of new technologies like cell phones (old large NOKIA telephones). At this time few people who could afford the cost of cell phones could now communicate, text, and share ideas with families, friends, and business organizations. Towards the middle of the 1990s, there was a speedy rise in mobile and smart devices in the world.” Africa took the lead in the global shift from fixed to mobile telephones, as reported by the UN International Telecommunications Union. “[4]. During this same period, there was a boom in the business of what was popularly called the “Cyber cafes” a place where you could go and use a desktop computer to read and send emails using the desktop computers. Nowadays the use of cell phones and smart devices in Africa, Cameroon in particular is on a steady rise. There are many Internet platforms and applications such as WhatsApp, Instagram, and Facebook that allow users to communicate and share ideas, and resolve issues with less stress. Today if we carry out a comprehensive study of the most usable social media application, Facebook in Cameroon we will realise that its usage is on a steady increase. Many people now communicate; share ideas read the news online, and watch TV and football on their mobile phones tablets, etc. Thus social media now makes international news more reachable to everyone. “Social media is now considered the first port of call for news amongst a substantial proportion of the Affluent population”[5]. In Cameroon in particular, they enjoy the social media platform as a place or tool for free speech they often use it to call for democracy in their country.

Some may argue that this shift in paradigm from the normal use of cell phones to more interactive use has brought about civilization and has awakened awareness in the continent. Politicians and the government do not share this same view. The most recent event is in the crises of the North West and South West Regions of Cameroon, where the government through its Minister of Communications shut down the internet and the widely used social media platform for more than six months because it was believed to be widely used to give live updates to Cameroonians living in the Diaspora on the events taking place on the ground and to decimate information faster. The government argues here that social media was used as a medium to spread false images of the armed conflicts between government forces and separatist fighters in these two regions of the country. The government also cited social media as a threat to destroy the form of the unitary state of the country. The government and other political leaders now see social media as a threat to their leadership since it is capable of revealing some internal information about the government with just a click. Another most recent event in Africa was the social media app “#This Flag campaign” which was a popular Twitter campaign site to force the resignation of President Mugabe of Zimbabwe from power. Another recent event in Cameroon was the ANTISADINAS which is a current and popular site to force President Biya to step down from power In so far as social media is used to map out a communication chain between people bringing them into a social network to share ideas and communicate, I argue here that the governments of most African countries try to wrap the social media with politics thereby denying the acceptable shift in paradigm of the use of the social media as a liberation tool.

2.1 Conclusion:

Though we can perceive social media as a platform where people around the world come together with opinions, views, and ideas online to share, Its usage goes far beyond this. Africans use social media for personal development, and to raise money for education, health, and business purposes. At the same time, they use it to clamor for change in their country as we saw in the “#This Flag campaign”. ” ANTISADINAS” in Cameroon. One of the consequential effects of social media is that there could be a spread of false information from the original version through Photoshop which sometimes results in the clash of views from the information shared online compared with its “appropriate” content leading to cybercrimes and threats to national security. I argue here that to carry out a comprehensive study of social media we should create some kind of awareness of how the information of the past can inform and shape the present. We can therefore conclude that social media is the driving force of technological progress which we need to follow not the other way around.

References

    1. PolinaMarinova, Fortune, ‘Blackstone CEO Steve Schwarzman on Bitcoin: “I Was Raised in a World Where Someone Needs to Control Currencies”,’ 17 Sep. 2019
    2. Bury, J.B. The Idea of Progress. London: Macmillan, 1920.
    3. Penny, Simon. Experience and Abstraction, The arts and the logic of the machine. DAC 07 proceedings, also online at Fibreculture 08v1
    4. Measuring the Information Society: The ICT Development Index, 2009.
    5. The 5th Affluent Survey Africa, released by Ipsos on 13th September 2018
    6. Azhar, S., & Cox, A. J. (2015). Impact of mobile tools and technologies on job site operations. 51st ASC Annual International Conference Proceedings,]

Essay on Effects of Social Media on the Brain

Social media is used as a photo-sharing platform that connects you with people from all over the world social media was originally invented so friends and family can stay in touch but evolved into a world of photo-sharing with strangers and influencers. The first recognizable social media 6 Degrees was created in 1997 social media is undeniably popular with over 3.2 billion users that’s 8 in 10 people. 95% of these people are teenagers a true 12 to 17 everyone knows so she has a big impact on people’s lives but there a both good and bad effects to this impact.

Come on known common effects that mental health such as anxiety and depression there are other effects for instance addictions, social skills, behavioral issues, and insomnia. However there are less known effects that could be fatal, for example, Takosubo cardiomyopathy also known as broken heart syndrome. Although Takosubo Cardiomyopathy has no common cause it is associated with stress shock anxiety and depression for example when a person is very stressed or depressed it begins to put pressure on the heart and the heart eventually becomes stressed and stressed that will cause disruption in the way the heartbeat and can cause clotting along with numerous other problems such as Plamonart Edema which is a buildup of fluid in the lungs and hypertension more commonly known as low blood pressure. The disruption in the hat can go undetected and commonly cause more serious issues like heart failure stroke and heart attacks with these conditions you will need procedures such as an angiogram which can escalate into bypasses and cardio stents.

Over 450 million people suffer from some sort of mental health illness 1 in 5 teens are affected. As social media has become more popular mental health issues have dramatically increased depression along with anxiety and more common depression affects on average 2 in 5 people every year and that number continues to rise depression is a feeling of disconnection, seclusion from the world, a feeling of never-ending sadness, of course, everyone feels sad from time to time but the feeling eventually goes but someone with depression has a sad feeling all the time with little or no upside to the sadness people with depression after say it feels like a never-ending circle of sadness and that there is no light at the end of the tunnel, unfortunately, some people lose sight of the direction their lives cooks take them, they give up and commit suicide. Anxiety on the other hand affects on average three or five people and that number also continues to rise anxiety often turns into depression anxiety is where people feel very anxious about something for example an aspect of themselves that be the white flannel how tall they are they will do anything to fix this and most the time they begin to lock themselves inside and away from people this slowly spiraling into depression around 4 million people suffer with anxiety a year social media is linked to anxiety due to body image people wanting to look like these influences and receive the likes they have.

Social media also causes addiction which can lead to behavioral issues insomnia and lack of social skills which can lead straight back to depression social media is thought to be more addictive than drugs smoking and drinking. More and more people are becoming addicted to social media which will affect their social skills research is showing that as the generations move on their communication skills are becoming poorer. Social media also makes profound changes in the brain people are becoming more infatuated with receiving likes and follows on social media and when they receive the desired amount of likes and followers they release dopamine in the brain, dopamine is the chemical in the brain that creates a feeling of happiness when they receive what they desire this creates a feeling of pleasure a similar feeling experience when someone wins the lottery. Furthermore, addiction causes behavioral issues as teenagers especially can be influenced by everything around them social media is making a big impact on their lives and often influences every decision they make from what they wear buy, and eat.

The Social Media Impact, Mental Health Problems And Access To Weapons As The Main Reasons For School Violence

Throughout the years, school violence has not only left scars in our society but in our entire nation. Other than home, schools are the single most important place in the development of teenagers and children, schools are supposed to be a safe haven. Teens and children are taught how to grow socially and school provides opportunities to reach milestones to become the people we will be today and in our future. Simple things such as religion, sexuality, and race can lead straight to bullying in todays society. More than one out of seven students have been victim to assault and physical assault in their own school. Even today the impact of school violence is not fully understood more than the cause. School violence such as bullying and school shootings puts all hope and development to an abrupt stop. School violence has become a leading concern in the 21st century, the current rise in school violence is caused by increased exposure to social media, decreased access to outside mental health resources, and simple access to weapons.

Social media allows us to have the social freedom we desire, but in this we find that many people take this to their own advantage to purposely hurt and bully others. From violent video games, violent media, to problems in their own home, teens have taken bullying to a whole other level. Teen brains are not fully developed until the age of 21 and what they see and take in now will forever affect the way they think. Most Media today focus’ and often glorifies the violence going on around the world today. With millions of teens watching this, they absorb all of this information. Violent video games such as Grand Theft Auto, and Call Of Duty can, in some teens, trigger the emotional part of the brain called the amygdala which emotes feelings such as depression, anger, aggression, and impulsive behavior. These emotions can often take control for the better or worse. Aggression and impulsive behavior play a huge part in the bullying of others because of they way that the perpetrators think. “Brain changes, aggressive behavior, poor decision making.” The things that teens or children take in play a huge part in their decision making, especially in school. Social media is the perfect platform for bullies to target others.13.6% of teens and children are involved in some type of cyber bullying, whether they are the victim or the perpetrator.

There are plenty of methods of cyber bullying being used in and out of school in social media today. Beginning with harassment; the use of text messages, direct messages, or email are used to target or embarrass the victim. Social media platforms such as Instagram, Twitter, or Facebook are the best places to spread rumors or create fake accounts to mock or ridicule others. Arising from these harsh comments and ridicule, children and teens become self conscious and think that they will never fit in. These feelings usually lead to depression because the thought of people thinking badly or maliciously toward you is overbearing. The constant backlash from bullies leaves a bruise every time on those who cannot handle it, unfortunately there are many who have committed suicide because of this. Exclusion is another form of bullying, this makes specific targets feel like they don’t belong anywhere or fit in to any group. Outing is the sharing of victims personal information or secrets. “Instead of controlling your child’s online access, focus your efforts on educating your child about the risks of cyberbullying.” All of these types of bullying on social media may make a permanent mental imprint on some people, leading to various unwanted feelings. Many teens today may not be able to speak to anyone about it because they feel like they’re alone. Some can’t even afford to seek out therapy or mental health resources. It is of upmost importance that those being bullied have access to any type of help.

Mental health is important for adolescents because it helps them achieve wellbeing and helps to have a positive mentality throughout their years into adulthood. Teaching adolescents how to deal with coping, good judgment, bullying and resilience is important for the development of their character and how to handle issues that will come now or in the future. However, not many teens can have access to mental health resources due to various reasons. “Over 15 million children and adolescents need psychiatric help, but only about 8,300 child and adolescent psychiatrists practice in the United States.” There has been a shortage of physiatrists in the US which means that not many adolescents can find mental help which is a huge problem. Acts such as the Affordable care act causes socialized health care, and in that, it has caused that type of environment. Therefore companies lack competition and have no necessity to outcompete one another causing rates to drive up and making people choose from few mental health care companies. Medicaid is not provided by the federal government like the affordable care act, Medicaid is provided from states themselves. It is funded through tax payer money and Medicaid helps promote those who cannot afford the healthcare options that don’t cover their symptoms or needed help. The real question is what can schools can do to prevent violence inside of school and how to provide help to those who need it.

Since teachers and faculty have the experience and training working with each other, they can play major roles in preventing school violence in their own school. Counselors and school officials can begin by addressing and trying to figure out the amount of bullying or violence happening in their school under the radar. They should also monitor and offer help to those who seem distressed so that their emotions do not grow into something that can potentially cause violence or harassment. Many schools do not offer or even pay much mind to the mental health of their students, it is a silent epidemic. “Up to one in five kids living in the U.S. shows signs or symptoms of a mental health disorder in a given year. So in a school classroom of 25 students, five of them may be struggling with many issues such as depression, anxiety, etc.” Research also shows that 1 in 10 students have severe emotional issues that may affect the way they act in school and at home. Teachers can inform and communicate with parents of anything they may come across so that parents can also be more vigilant with their child. By addressing the amount of violence and emotional development in school and putting in our part, we can reduce the number of violent cases in schools, especially with weapons.

In today’s society, access to weapons has become very easy in adolescents.” Almost one-third of all homes contain guns with estimates that 50 million Americans own 300 million guns. Despite continuing educational efforts, the majority of these guns are kept loaded, unlocked, and potentially accessible to children.” In homes, parents usually keep their weapons or firearms at hand, whether it be a kitchen knife, or a firearm kept under the bed or in the closet. Research has showed that if a gun is stored in a home, the risk of the child stealing it or even suicide increases majorly. Adolescents are prone to taking risks, at this stage of brain development it is shown that they are drawn to risky behavior. Therefore, keeping weapons at hand would not be such a good idea. Parents must play a part in keeping these firearms safe in their own house, they shouldn’t keep their weapons at hand for their children to get a hold of. It is as easy as storing it in a drawer unloaded locked with a key or simply keeping it u loaded wherever they are storing it. As previously said, adolescent brains are not developed until the age of 21, therefore the child or teens mindset is prone to making risky or curious behavior. Mental health is also something that has to be paid mind to in your child.

Teens may act without thinking in most cases. If teens have emotional issues they may see a gun or weapon as a easy way out or a way to harm others. Most mass school shootings usually come from troubled teens. Nikolas Cruz, 20, Marjory Stoneman Douglas shooter, has many bullying issues. Cruz was ostracized by his own classmates, made fun of, this turned him to become violent and volatile. His emotions and feelings became so overwhelming that he began practicing shooting whether it was in video games or make belief, but what led him to all of this was bullying, not enough parental guidance, and easy access to weapons in his own home. Adam Lanza, 20, Sandy Hook Elementary Shooter, was also bullied. When he attended Sandy Hook Elementary, he was taunted, and assaulted. This got so bad that his mother, Nancy Lanza, considered suing the school. All of this led up to him beginning to play violent video games, he racked up thousands of headshots in a couple days alone. He had many emotional issues such as aggression, depression, etc. He was prescribed medicine to help him with his emotions everyday. He also has easy access to his mother’s multiple guns which is what led him to the shooting itself. All of these shooters were bullied in young age. It is very important to treat others kindly because you never know what one “small” insult can cause a person to feel or do. “Remember, you are responsible for the safety and well-being of your children. And since guns are found in more than one-third of all American households – even if your family doesn’t have them, chances are your child will visit a house that does.” Weapons are very dangerous and should not be exposed to adolescents in their own household or others. It is best to keep them concealed and away from young teens. It is always better to be safe than sorry.

In conclusion, school violence is caused by a variety of things, from social media, to no access to mental health, and easy weaponry access. It may leave scars in our nation, but as a nation all should learn how to work together to put all of this to a stop. The nation needs to learn all of the causes of school violence so everyone can make schools the safe haven they are supposed to be. Throughout the centuries school violence has become worse and worse, but everybody should put in their part to make this nation a better place for the children of the future. Through these experiences, there is always a lesson, free will does not come without a cost, the job is figuring out how to better it so bad things can be prevented from happening

Reputation Economy and Effectiveness of YouTube: Analytical Essay

YouTube has been a long-standing platform where people filmed everyday lifestyle videos. However, it is no longer enough to produce engaging content that satisfies oneself. With increasing pressure to stand out by feeding the algorithm that promotes a video’s popularity, it has become common for modern-day Youtubers to seek professional help in their video content production. Consequently, a new layer of jobs has emerged, one that people do not intuitively regard – farming out professional video editing to third parties. In the context of YouTube, I will be investigating the repercussions of the Reputation Economy and the responsibilities of platforms, as well as providing my evaluation and recommendations.

Reputation Economy of YouTube and how it encourages self-promotion

The landscape of YouTube is drastically different from when it first started years back. Today, the number of subscribers, likes, and comments generated from posting a video has become strongly correlated with the success of a Youtuber, which can be explained by the “Reputation Economy”. The Reputation Economy is a cultural and economic system that has come to prioritize the online reputation as a form of capital, giving rise to efforts of self-promotion. With a Youtuber’s online reputation built into a system whereby his number of subscribers and likes for a particular video is prominently displayed and represented qualitatively, viewers can easily compare a Youtuber’s popularity and perceived competence. Views, likes, and comment count eventually influence the decisions of users when viewing or sharing videos (Shifman, 2013). A YouTuber’s visibility is equated to his credibility, which encourages self-promotion, and the active managing of his metrics, and visibility. To build a strong online reputation, these Youtubers have to regularly produce high-quality content in order to promote themselves.

YouTubers need to constantly keep up with the algorithm to maintain their reputation

Once these Youtubers have garnered a reputation, they need to exercise consistency in content creation or risk losing favor with the algorithm. Top Youtubers feel compelled to make nonstop videos for an ever-growing audience. Some creators even clock 80- to 100- hour workweeks just to maintain their status. Since the algorithm dictates where talent ranks, creators are deterred from taking breaks due to the fear that they will face a drop in their ranking. (Spangler, 2018). As such, to keep up with the frequency of video production, it has become a norm for many Youtubers to seek professional help in their content creation. (Walker, 2019).

The burnout Youtubers face as a result of trying to maintain their reputation

“It’s toxic: the point at which you are breaking down is the point at which the algorithm loves you the most”, said top Youtuber, Matt Lees. Other prominent YouTubers such as Michelle Phan explained her fatigue and eventual burnout from maintaining her YouTube channel, even with production assistance. Burnout is a problem that has affected hundreds of Youtubers. Numerous prominent Youtubers have taken breaks, but the rate of creators who mentally burn out is drastically higher. (Dodgson, 2019).

Evaluating YouTube’s effectiveness in addressing burnout & why it should do more

YouTube operates under a gig economy whereby most of the cost is offloaded to the worker, except in this case, at the expense of a YouTuber’s mental health. Currently, YouTube addresses this issue by posting a series of short introductory videos where licensed therapists discuss burnout. Yet, this is clearly not enough as many YouTubers continue to burn out. As YouTubers are the main value drivers of the platform, YouTube should do more to take care of their well-being. Not doing so eventually drives out talented Youtubers from the platform and replaces them with new creators who ride on the metric-driven Reputation Economy of YouTube. Instead, YouTube should treat all YouTubers as valued workers who are unique and irreplaceable, as not doing so may also cause fans who are viewers of their favored YouTubers to leave the platform, which is detrimental to the sustainability of the platform as a whole.

Are the algorithms to blame or the people behind it?

At a glance, it seems like the constantly changing algorithms are indeed fuelling the burnout as YouTubers frequently fret over how to display their content accordingly. (Walker, 2018). However, it may not be reasonable to attribute full blame to the algorithms. As Youtubers get bigger, they start to get overly caught up with extracting value out of the creator-subscriber relationship. Instead of focusing on what value they can provide to their viewers and reaping rewards as a by-product, they are obsessed with producing content that maximizes their rewards. What initially started off as a platform to connect passionate creators to viewers might have evolved into one whereby YouTubers are more caught up with the monetary value that can be extracted from their content. For instance, popular YouTubers such as Alisha Marie claimed that her reason for taking breaks was that she no longer had pride in her content. As such, the people behind the algorithms have larger blame for the situation.

Evaluating whether the Reputation Economy of YouTube results in gain or exploitation

The user metrics of YouTube skyrocket over time coupled with the constantly changing fuels of the Reputation Economy and self-promotion. Arguably, this led to an economic gain in the form of a new layer of jobs being created. However, upon deeper analysis, there is more exploitation than gain. Firstly, in order to suit the changing algorithms, creators have to put in substantial hours behind the scenes doing editing, and script writing for their videos. The hours put in are substantial, but the payoff is usually uncertain since YouTubers cannot ascertain for sure how much they will make. YouTube pays YouTubers on a pay-per-view basis, and sometimes, YouTubers get fewer views than expected due to factors such as people not being online at the time the video was posted and the algorithm not showing the videos on subscription feeds. Collectively, there is the exploitation of YouTubers since their efforts are not commensurate to their payoff, even though they contribute to the platform with content.

Secondly, it leads to a “winner-take-all market” – Only the top Youtubers with a strong reputation capture a large share of the “rewards”, while budding YouTubers have expressed their discontent that the platform protects a handful of stars, promoting them at the expense of the masses struggling to break out. YouTube’s search and recommendation algorithms accelerate the convergence of views towards a few content providers. (Kim, 2012). Only very few can enter the top 3% most viewed channel, which fetch $16,800 in advertising revenue per year. (Bartl, 2018). Popular Youtubers with a strong online reputation and thus high channel traffic garner more views, which is equivalent to their “wages”. Conversely, those with weaker reputations may get fewer views as the algorithm favors them less, regardless of their effort and production of quality content, leading to the exploitation of those with a weaker reputation.

How YouTube and the community (viewers and creators) can improve the situation

Perhaps YouTube can ease the problem of burnout by blocking YouTuber’s access to hyper-specific metrics such as when and where people stop watching videos, which makes it easy for YouTubers to obsess over the numbers in an effort to improve their likes and subscribers. Instead, this potentially encourages YouTubers to channel their energy into producing the best possible work. Additionally, it is necessary to inculcate heightened awareness and thus empathy for viewers and creators, that people on the platform are real people who have feelings, make mistakes, and need time to themselves just like any other human being. For creators, it is essential to take a step back whenever they feel that their effort outpaces the reward. For viewers, it is pertinent to manage expectations rather than harbor unrealistic expectations for Youtubers, because they are just any other human being at the end of the day.

The Effective Use of Youtube Videos for Teaching Food Chains

Technology plays a vital role in society and can be incorporated into various aspects of our everyday life. Youtube website is a video sharing service that can be integrated into the traditional Biology lessons. Youtube videos are usually very interactive and if used correctly can play a key role in the teaching and learning field. Learners that are exposed to authentic and real life clips can gain positive indicators (Maness, 2004). The use of Youtube videos to teach the lesson on Food Chain will not only make the lesson more fun and meaningful but also help learners get a better understanding and knowledge of the topic.

During my first week of observation, I realized that the teachers stuck to the traditional way of teaching. If there was any use of technology it would be the use of powerpoint presentation which had nothing but words and a few pictures. This still gave the feeling of the traditional style teaching where the lesson was teacher-centred since the teacher was reading or dictating use the powerpoint. The students often look unengaged and most times were non interactive. Additionally, ease of use and access paired with it being free of charge made the Youtube website a remarkable choice for this study. Youtube can be considered one of the most popular websites in the world (Alexa 2011). In fact there are many channels that students can subscribe to on youtube to get one on one lessons on Youtube. One of the most popular channels is Khan Academy, which has over 5.25 million subscribers worldwide. You can visit the following link to see it https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4a-Gbdw7vOaccHmFo40b9g. The fact that more learners display less interest in the traditional style learning as was seen during my observation period, birthed the topic of this research lesson.

The purpose of this paper is to shed light on a new way of teaching Integrated Science courses and examine the effective use of Youtube videos for teaching Food Chains in a grade 8 Integrated Science classroom. This paper will seek to answer two questions; namely, Is it helpful and useful to use Youtube as an additional teaching tool in an Integrated Science classroom? And To what extent can Youtube videos improve students’ understanding of and performance in Biology?

The significance of this study is aimed at both teachers and students of Biology. The findings from the lesson study will give insight on how teachers can use Youtube videos as a supplementary material to teach the main topics in the course in order to complete the syllabus accurately and efficiently. Next, it will give students a chance to access these same videos outside the classroom so they can watch the clips as many times and study at their own pace, thus making them more active and independent learners. The final objective is to offer teachers a chance to use new mode of learning and make the Biology classroom more student centered.

Using Social Media to Promote Political Awareness Through the Example of the Million People March

The Republic of the Philippines has been called the ‘promise of Asia’ and the ‘sick man of Asia’ alternately ever since its search for stability, prosperity and development began (Manrique & Manrique, 2017). This review attempts to show how the use of social media in one country, the Republic of the Philippines, has grown and has been used to encourage political awareness and participation among the Filipino masses. The country is ranked among the most technologically savvy in the world but ironically is also considered one of the most corrupt countries as well.

The 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution is one of the biggest and most admired revolution that the world has seen. It reminds people that a peaceful assembly is still possible in a complex and aggressive society. Yet again, on Aug 26, hundreds of thousands of Filipinos came together to let their voices be heard in the ‘Million People March’. The Million People March was the first of a series of protests in the Philippines calling for the total abolition of the Pork Barrel fund, triggered by public anger over the Priority Development Assistance Fund scam. The supposed Million People March was the first of a progressing arrangement of dissents in the Philippines requiring the aggregate abrogation of the Pork Barrel store, activated by open displeasure regarding the Priority Development Assistance Fund trick. Starting calls circled through online networking, primarily on Facebook and Twitter, to gather a challenge on August 26, 2013 at Luneta Park in Manila and additionally different urban areas across the nation and abroad. A few media analysts consider this as the primary ever monstrous rally in the Philippines called and sorted out generally through online networking channels (Revano, 2016).

The social media-fueled rally dubbed the ‘Million People March’ was emulated on a smaller scale in other cities across the country and in various cities around the world where there are large concentrations of Filipinos. A few called for the ouster of Aquino, the then president at the time of the PDAF scam, and there was a widespread fury with politicians. The protesters, armed with placards and pig masks, called for a change in leadership and the abolition of the pork barrel. This showed how social media and technology in general can start a change in the world.

The issue posthumously known as the ‘pork barrel scam’, is a political scandal involving the alleged misuse by several members of the Congress of the Philippines of their Priority Development Assistance Fund, a lump-sum discretionary fund granted to each member of Congress for spending on priority development projects of the Philippine government. It is estimated that the Philippine government was defrauded of some ₱10 billion in the course of the scam, having been diverted to Napoles, participating members of Congress and other government officials. Aside from the PDAF and the fertilizer fund maintained by the Department of Agriculture, around ₱900 million in royalties earned from the Malampaya gas field were also lost to the scam.

The pork barrel has been an item in Philippine appropriation laws for decades, despite intermittent criticisms of its profligacy and corruption. It was reportedly introduced when the Philippines was a colony of the United States (Nograles & Lagman, n.d). The history of the Philippines shows that colonial domination by the United States distorted the country’s economic and political system, co-opted Philippine leaders to colonial policies, and corrupted the democracy project after the Filipino revolutionaries lost the Philippine-American war of 1887. In fact, the United States bred the oligarchy that persists to the present in the form of political dynasties. It’s colonial political innovations also enabled the growth of patronage-oriented political parties.

The defenders of the pork barrel, mostly members of the congress, have annually sponsored this appropriations item, vigorously justifying it as part of the congressional function and an important component of national development. In fact, in the midst of calls for its abolition, an undated article justifying the pork barrel system entitled ‘Understanding the Pork Barrel’ was published on the congressional website by no less than the former Speaker of the House of Representatives. His treatise stars with the rather dismissive statement that “The public cannot appreciate what it does not understand”. Furthermore, the Philippine version of the pork barrel gives legislators the post-enactment discretion to allocate lump sum funds to projects and beneficiaries selected by them, which makes it very difficult to regulate and almost impossible to audit.

In light of the protests, the Filipino hacktivist group PrivateX defaced at least thirty government websites early on August 26, hours before the main protests. These include the websites of the Philippine National Police and the Philippine Embassy in Rome, Italy. Hacktivism or hactivism, a portmanteau of hack and activism, is the use of technology to promote a political agenda or a social change (anonymous, 2019). With roots in hacker culture and hacker ethics, its ends are often related to the free speech, human rights, or freedom of information movements (Mikhaylova, 2014)

On its Facebook page, Anonymous Philippines claimed that the websites of the Office of the President, Senate, Bureau of Customs, Department of Finance, Department of the Interior and Local Government, Department of Agrarian Reform, Department of Public Works and Highways, Bureau of Internal Revenue, Bureau of the Treasury, Department of Energy, Department of Education and Department of Environment and Natural Resources were affected because of disfiguration of the sites by the PrivateX (Inquirer, 2013).

After the series of webpage defacements, the Department of Science and Technology said there was a need for a secure Web hosting government agencies and services. It noted that a July 12 administrative order mandated state agencies and government-owned and -controlled corporations to host their websites under the new Government Web Hosting Service to be provided by the DOST.

Anonymous Philippines, hacktivist, left a message on the Bureau of Customs home page as the one left on the other websites. The message read: “1987 Philippine Constitution. Article III, Section 4 states that “no law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press, or of the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances”.

Works Cited

  1. anonymous. (2019, March 10). Hacktivism. Retrieved March 2019, from Wikipedia: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacktivism
  2. Inquirer, P. D. (2013, August 27). What Went Before: Anonymous Philippines. Retrieved March 12 2019, from Philippine Daily Inquirer: https://technology.inquirer.net/31159/what-went-before-anonymous-philippines#ixzz5hl8FXwa7
  3. Manrique, C. G., & Manrique, G. G. (2017). Social Media’s Role in Alleviating Political Corruption and Scandals: The Philippines during and after the Marcos Regime. Political Scandal, Corruption, and Legitimacy in the Age of Social Media, 18.
  4. Mikhaylova, G. (2014). The “Anonymous” Movement: Hacktivism as an Emerging Form of Political Participation. Retrieved March 2019, from archive.org: https://web.archive.org/web/20171019175804/https://digital.library.txstate.edu/bitstream/handle/10877/5378/MIKHAYLOVA-THESIS-2014.pdf?sequence=1
  5. Nograles, H. P., & Lagman, H. C. (n.d). Pork Barrel. Retrieved from Republic of the Philippines House of Representatives 17th Congress: www.congress.gov.ph
  6. Revano, T. F. (2016). Empowerment Technologies for Senior High School. Manila: Mindshapers Co.,Inc.