Category: Effective Communication

Journalist, Jeremy Rifkin in his newspaper article “A Change of Heart about Animals,” published in Los Angeles Times (2003) addresses the topic of animal science and argues that animals are similar to humans in multiple aspects as in emotional, somewhat mental, and behavioral. Jeremy Rifkin supports his claim by presenting multiple animal studies conducted at different research institutions. Questioning old assumptions of animals mental and physical stimuli, quoting a behavioral scientist on natural selection, and concluding multiple questions towards animal cruelty. Rifkin’s purpose is to argue towards animal science in order to change animal cruelty. Rifkin uses a tone of wonder and excitement to help him teach an unpleasant topic that most readers don’t want to learn about. The most important rhetorical strategies Rifkin uses in his text are nomos, pathos, and logos he uses these rhetorical strategies by stating how animals are just as equal as humans are as in emotions and behavior.

In this text, Jeremy Rifkin acknowledges mental and physical stimuli, as he states in paragraph 4 “The lack of mental and physical stimuli can result in deterioration of health.” This means that most animals crave attention for example, the studies on pigs’ behavior funded by Mcdonald’s at Purdue University, shows that if pigs lack attention they are easily depressed if they are isolated or don’t have enough play time with each other. Mental and physical stimuli is an important term because Jeremy Rifkin uses logos to represent the importance of animals emotional, mental, and behavioral state, I think using logos is an effective strategy because he shows proof by stating the studies taken on pigs.

This text also defines self-awareness, self-awareness is in paragraph 10 stating “some philosophers and animal behaviorists have long argued that other animals are not capable of self-awareness because they lack a sense of individualism” but according to new studies held by the Washington National zoo, orangutans were given mirrors and they explored parts of themselves that they’ve never seen which indicates self-awareness. Self-awareness is significant because it is said to believe that some animals are unaware of their own mortality but that’s proven wrong. Just like humans’ animals’ grief as well, for example elephants tend to stand next to their dead kin for days and touch their bodies with their trunks. The authors word choice in this paragraph is important because he uses nomos to help create a scenery for the audience so they can understand how animals are very much like humans as in grieving and self-awareness.

Rifkin amplifies in paragraph 12, recent studies in the brain chemistry of rats shows that when they play, their brain releases large amounts of dopamine. Dopamine for humans is a neurochemical associated with pleasure and excitement. The significance of dopamine is that this shows how a small portion of both the animal brain and human brain is alike. I believe logos is used in this paragraph, logos brings proof to the reader and helps them realize the brain chemistry and anatomy.

Jeremy complies Stephen M. Sivity, a behavioral scientist at Gettysburg college in Pennsylvania who asks a question “if you believe in evolution by natural selection, how can you believe that feelings suddenly appeared, out of the blue, with human beings? Until recently scientists believed that learned behavior was wired activity. We know that geese teach their gosling their migration routes. This is significant because pathos is used here, pathos is used by Jeremy using Stephen’s question, which helps put the audience into a certain frame of mind. I believe using pathos is important because it helps put the mind into a perspective as in thinking about how humans suddenly appeared with feelings. Nomos is also used here because there are multiple values and belfies used, as in it is believed that learned behavior is wired activity handed down by our parents.

All of the evidence provided by Jeremy Rifkin implied in this context, are good ideas because he helps the audience understand that animals have rights just like humans do, how alike we all are. He uses multiple examples indicating that animals should have animal rights and that cruelty towards animals should stop. Our behavior, mental and emotional state is all somewhat the same. This article is based on all of those aspects. I think this article is very effective because of all of his rhetorical strategies used as in logos, pathos, and nomos all of this helps the audience learn about a tough subject that they wouldn’t want to learn in the first place.

Monsters, as explain by Richard Kearney, are, “…something in us, made manifest in our response to certain experiences of ‘chaos, disorder and desolation’ in nature’” (Kearney, 39). In this sense, our responses to situational conflict can provide the building blocks for monsters; our anxieties from tragedy, horror, and terror will transform reality into fictional and horrific monsters. Poole further solidifies this argument in his essay ‘Monsters in America’ by providing us with a brief examination of America’s bloody history, and how radical ideals of colonials provided a lens to justify their inhumane actions. Both Poole and Kearney effectively use historical exigence as a rhetorical mean to appeal to the reader- in conjunction with either logos or pathos- before delving into their true arguments; this strategy primarily allows us to view history- something that has happened and is solidified- before delving into more abstract concepts of fear and monstrosity; both authors ground their readers in the real world before we enter into the abysmal ideologies of monsters. Although both essays are riddled with powerful language, often-times religiously based, the strength in their rhetoric arises from the links they apply between exigence and logos or pathos.

It is often argued that learning from history is key to survival. But what happens when history in itself is too heavy upon our conscious? Is it not the case that the most brutal aspects of history are the most important for us to learn from? Kearney discusses these very questions by stating that, “…the imaginary can furnish access to the heart of darkness which remains intolerable in the flesh” (Kearney, 30). Poole further emphasizes this fact through explaining how, through vilifying African-Americans, the slave trade and horrendous past of America was easily justifiable. Though Kearney looks not at the justification of monstrous acts but, rather, at terrorism and war, both provide us a clear scope of how our deep-seated fears are the means by which we create monsters. The contextual approach they take is far better at painting us a picture, of vividness and clarity, that we can understand. Take, for example, a powerful quote by Poole: “Friar Bartolomé saw the very air of the New World teeming with evil spirits who tempted and destroyed the unbaptized” (Poole, 31); because Poole provided us primarily with historical context on slavery and the inhumane actions based in religious fanaticism, we are better able to view this quote as a mindset of the populace instead of simply a viewpoint of a crazed friar. The context is of uttermost importance for both ‘Monsters in America and ’Terror, Philosophy and the Sublime’; if we lack an understanding of what happened, then, why it happened would simply be an inconceivable ghost to us. The exigence of both essays lends meat and meaning to them, strengthening what would otherwise be skeletons of an argument.

Now, what is unique between Kearney’s view on monsters and Poole’s? The answer lies into where they transition their arguments after providing context. Kearney’s essay is powerful because it brings us from history into the appeal of our logos. Not only does he provide various quotes from President Bush following 9/11, but he gives us a very wholistic view of how 9/11 shaped the attitude of America. Through letting us see the logistics behind the tragic event, we are better able to understand Kearney when he brings up the main argument of his essay: why monsters and fear are metaphors for our anxiety. This also is effective in emanating his distinction between our fear and enthrallment of monsters; had he gone for a pathos- appeal many may have found themselves disagreeing with having a love for monsters. Poole’s essay, on the other-hand, seems to hit close to home; this is because of his appeal to pathos. By using brutally honest language and a viewpoint that strongly demonizes the acts of colonial America, he is able to make us feel his argument before we are given a chance to think about it. Though there are logistics involved in the essay it is very prominent in providing us with a powerful feeling that flips the argument in-and-on itself; we go from seeing how American’s saw native peoples as monsters to feeling that colonials themselves were the real monsters. It’s a powerful realization that stems from Poole’s appeal to emotion. Had he simply stated that colonials were monsters, his argument may have been less effective; in fact, it may have been met with much argument. In allowing the reader to feel the repulsion of the acts provided, we can conclude the argument he sub-consciously provides us without having it directly spelled out for us.

“Very often, history is a means of denying the past” (Jeanette Winterson). Monsters and the taboo are often things that give us terror, other times, they are a means of therapy in dealing with real-life horror; in this sense, backhandedly denying the past. Poole and Kearney both understand this fundamental value when dealing with the fantasy and mythology underlying monsters. The efficacy of their arguments lies in first understanding the what before the why. If we are given a snapshot of a monsters before understanding its origins, we may discount any arguments, claiming them to be as fictional as the monsters they represent. Further strength is provided with appeals to logos and pathos, however this distinction is the underlying difference of both Poole and Kearney’s arguments. The missing piece to each puzzle- for Poole being pathos, and Kearney, logos- is provided in such a way that buffers their hypothesis of monsters ten-fold. The language of each is powerful despite, but, language would simply be a means of flowering it up; without the rhetorical strategies underlying each, there would be no grounds through which the flowers of their language could bloom.

In today’s global business world, communication plays vital role in maintaining a good quality of understanding with each other so that there comes no problem in linking up with fellow workers. Workplace’s success and efficiency wholly depend upon how effective the communication takes place. Many communicate through means of verbal and nonverbal format. Verbal communication refers to that form of communication where words and language are used to interchange the data with other within the form of speech or writing. Contrarily, Nonverbal communication doesn’t use words for human action however some other modes are used such as tone of voice, gestures, facial expressions, sign language and so on. There has been associate argument on either verbal or nonverbal communication is the most significant sort of communication at working environment. Everyone has their own perspective. Some believe verbal communication is the most critical type of correspondence at work. Despite verbal message being an important part of communication, nonetheless, the approach we tend to communicate nonverbally is equally and sometimes a lot more crucial.

Its win-win situation for all working in any sort of business organization if they practice and manage nonverbal communication to convey messages more effectively. In verbal communication, a functioning exchange is locked in with the utilization of words. In the meantime, nonverbal communication happens, depending on nonverbal prompts such as signals, eye to eye connection, physical appearance, even dress and individual space. A renowned report- Mehrabian’s Communication Research by Albert Mehrabian found that nonverbal language make up 55 percent of how we communicate in up close and personal co-operations. He likewise inferred that everyone communicate as much as 38 percent of our message through our voice (tone, pitch, etc), with as slight as 7 percent through the words we really state (Mehrabian n.d., para 3). Also, as shown in Non-verbal communication (2015), Tacconi illustrated how our action speaks so loudly that what has been said can’t be heard. This clearly defines that actions express more intense than words. While working in any sort of business organization, this nonverbal language influences how an individual act and respond to other people, how they respond to him/her, and whether he/she gain and maintain trust while working at the same place. Recent research evaluated that individuals convey in any event as much nonverbally as they do verbally. It is vital for superiors to comprehend the implications of nonverbal signals from associated individuals in the work environment (Lunenburg, 2010). Lunenburg suggests the 4 sorts of nonverbal communication that are critical topics for leaders attempting to comprehend the implications of nonverbal signals from association members. They are: Kinesics, proxemics, paralanguage and chronemics.

Workplace includes communication relationship that exist between employee and customer, employee and employee and supervisor and employee. Without knowledge about these nonverbal signals, there arises serious problem in communication process at workplace. With the supervisor having the control and employee being the one subordinate with less control about the situation, supervisor can ask the employee to perform their jobs and reward or punish them verbally or nonverbally. A person in power is more likely to invade employee’s space. The employee will more likely remains hesitated and stay back a little from supervisor due to fear like offending them by coming too close while a supervisor tries to initiate a close relationship. Touch is an incredible nonverbal specialized tool and this diverse standard between office personnel can lead to confusion whether the touch is influenced by supremacy or closeness. Thus, a manger should know the effectiveness of utilizing touch while imparting to subordinates, however should be aware and see how individual may mean a steady signal, while it could mean a sexual gesture to someone else. The meaning behind somebody’s words is frequently totally not quite the same as the exact interpretation, as is found in cases of mockery and joke. The cloth worn at the office, facial expressions, body languages, postures, gestures, tone of voice and the manner shown at working environment by an employee are additional types of nonverbal communication that often shape people’s perspective about him/her, paying little respect to regardless of whether the perceptions are valid.

Non-verbal communication improves work in workplace in many possible ways. For example, hand gestures and outward appearance may make verbal communication significantly simpler particularly when instructions keep coming to an employee from the higher hierarchy of leadership. Verbal communication only can’t enhance an individual’s leadership image. Nonverbal behaviours such as maintaining eye contact, smiling at them, nodding head while listening to somebody, standing and siting erect, being neat, well-groomed and wearing clean, well-tailored clothes and so on are some aspects that help in uplifting the leadership personality. Nonverbal communication can likewise help in meetings and organizations. Numerous different callings like instructors, journalists, lawyers, specialists and so on need to communicate in normal premise. In the event that their nonverbal communication isn’t sufficient, at that point their work will suffer. For instance, eye to eye connection in meetings and interviews show certainty and interest. While eye contact shows those things, it can likewise show over confidence. It additionally shows reliability and exactness of expectations. Therefore, at last, every person should recognize the intensity of nonverbal communication with his organization partners, customers or clients, sellers, and professional associates and learn to coordinate nonverbal communication to his verbally expressed words which will enable such parties have full faith and trust in him.

Nonverbal communication has been the major factor contributing towards our daily schedule. The capacity to utilize nonverbal signals suitably can make trust and straightforwardness, and accordingly can impact the nature of connection at work. Also, nonverbal communication conveys empathy and emotions, leads to proper interpretation, has instinctive nature and increases understanding of message. However, every individual must have conscious awareness of nonverbal communication even while communicating verbal messages because it enables others to get the message the manner in which he/she expected to convey his/her message. Negative nonverbal communication can cause clashes and other negative unsettling influences in the workplace. Hence, positive nonverbal communication should be maintained with partners in the working environment to construct positive business connection.

This write up covers mostly the impact of the topics that we have learned in PM&C in our personal life and analysis of our strengths and weaknesses and goals.

Patience of a person describes a person. A person who don’t have patience cannot be successful in life. I am a very patience person. I do my work with patience and in time. Because if you do you work fast then there will be a mistake but if you do your work with patience then you will not make any mistakes. If you are not patience enough then how could you tolerate.

My family always taught me to have respect your elders, teachers. I respect all the elders and teachers because they are giving the information of how to live life. Elders give advice to not make mistakes that we have done in the past and teachers give us education and make us a responsible person. I respect my teachers and elders.

My family always taught me to say truth all the time. Do not tell a lie. I do not lie. In Quran as well is written that there will be punishment if you told a lie. It just makes you feel uncomfortable if you tell a lie. It just makes your conscious not worthy.

I am a very determined person. If I were stuck on something the I will complete it. Determination is the most and most important aspect in life. If I am determined to do things in life, then I will achieve though I have to patience because you cannot get everything until you work hard for it. But always be determined to achieve that. I do have goals in my life that I want to achieve and I am very determined that I will achieve those goals and be a successful man.

I lack confidence a lot of time. I cannot speak or talk to a group of people. But sometimes I try my best to convey something to people. It’s in me that I cannot go to the stage with confidence and give presentation. But it was always on my hit list it to improve this weakness of mine.

I have a strange habit that I take too much risk in everything possible to complete it. Like in studies I take risks that if cannot learn then I left it just read it. But I take possible actions to not taking risk in life but in some serious cases I take risks but in appropriate way.

Again honesty is my strength and as well as my weakness. It’s something I cannot control is that I am very honest because my parents taught me not tell a lie in life. Lying can cause serious danger to someone. It affects your work. Family and your friends. I cannot lie to my parents, teachers and my friends.

I am very careless. I cannot complete my work in time and properly. This is the main issue in my life that I am very careless in somethings but that does not mean that I do all my work with carelessness. I try my best to be very careful in these situations.

I take a lot of precautionary measures to improve my weaknesses like I take help from my parents and teachers to teach me how to be confidence in life. How to convey your message to people in front of you? I try not to take risk in life that may cause you harm but little risk in life had to be taken. I always try to improve my weak spots because it is not working with me. Lack of confidence, taking too much risk, carelessness and straight forward will cause my job to lost because if I don’t have confidence then how could I talk between people. If I take too much risk, then it will not work properly for me. If I will be careless in my work, then my seniors would not be happy about my work. I always try my best to achieve these weaknesses and try to improve these in every possible manner.

Nobody is perfect and there is always room for improvement. I intend on improving m weaknesses and polishing my skills furthermore. There is always stress on me about these weaknesses and It takes time to improve the time management because it is not something that will change easily. It takes time and I always try to patience in these situations.

Man has been gifted with a lot of opportunities in life which we can avail to be successful in life. Observing the society around me and seeing how things are going in the 21st century. There is room for progress for everyone which can flourish if they avail the right opportunities. The environment and society that I see and observe around me is not bad as people might have stigmatized.

As a student I can always start a small scale business like making promos, posters, web designing, making websites etc. The opportunities like taking internships has increased in Islamabad, Lahore and Karachi in the past couple of years. They are providing different platforms for the students to get good skills to get their perfect job. And internships our university provide are the best opportunities for the students to get good in their field. They help us a lot in our career life.

In the society, I think I have a decent image in the society. I try to listen to people carefully when I talk to them. I talk to them as responsible as possible. I always try to stay confident when I am talking to group of people. So I think I have not that bad and not so good perception in the society. Because I am not that good either but I always try to be confident even I make blunders in front of them. So I think people have normal perception about me.

Right now in Pakistan, there are many opportunities in Pakistan that stands a powerful chance for the students. There are lots of new business entering in Pakistan that have a great value for Pakistani’s.

I have always been interested in business finance and there are lots of different opportunities in Pakistan where I can avail these opportunities. In business, finance department never quits and there are many jobs in that department. There are many more opportunities in Pakistan market like event management, blogs, YouTube and many more that are improving very fast and will preferred as best business in the couple of years.

Opportunities will be there but you have to avail these opportunities in time because if you let that chance go away then you can’t have it back but you must try for it to achieve those opportunities who you think is best for you, which would help you to achieve your goals.

There a lot of challenges in life that everyone face and those challenges has to be faced very strongly. The first challenge is that I am very careless. If I have an assignment and its submission is late then I do it on the last day and because of that I lost my numbers in the assignment. This is all because of my carelessness.

The other challenge I assume I have to face is that lack of confidence. If I have a presentation and my name is being called, then I hesitate to go to the stage to convey my presentation to people because of lack of confidence but I try very hard on this weakness of mine to be finished entirely from me to establish confidence in me.

Short term goals are those goals that I wanted to achieve in the next 1-4 years. I am a student of Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) and my short term goals are to complete this degree. I wanted to complete this with good CGPA. It is now my main goal right now to get good CGPA. I am now working hard to get good CGPA to get scholarships. This is my main goal right now. I also wanted to get internships to get professional in my field. These are my short term goals.

Long term goals are those goals that I wanted to achieve in the next 5-10 years. After completing my BBA, I will apply for the master’s program that is MBA in Finance and also find a part time job which will help me in to get professional in my field. I wanted to do MBA to get master in my field and also from that I hope to get a good job that is suitable for me. In these years I wanted to get my education completed and find a job that suits me perfectly. My plan is to go to abroad and find a job there. I wanted to perform Hajj with my mother. I wanted to get married. I will face many difficulties to get to these goals but I will try my best and go as far as possible to complete these goals of mine. I will definitely achieve these goals.

I have schedule my work for achieving my goals that to get good CGPA in BBA and complete this degree and then find a part time job to professionalize in my field and get admission in MBA to get a master’s degree and be professional in field. This is all schedule and could be achieved if hard work is done on them. Hard working is the main key to be successful in life otherwise you will not achieve what you have dreamt for.

My plan of action is that study hard to get maximum CGPA in BBA find a part job and get admission in MBA. Study hard to get scholarships which would help me in paying my semester fee. Go to abroad find a job which suits me and get married. Perform Hajj with my mother and live happily.

Besides, other research that has associated social media usage with a decline in mental health and self-esteem comes from Pantic. Pantic conducted a study of college students and found a positive correlation between low mood and time spent on social media (Pantic, 2014). Kraut et al support this research by concluding that social media has caused face-to-face communication and relationships to be neglected due to social networking sites. Ultimately this can lead to the individual feeling lonesome and miserable (Kraut et al). Experiencing these feelings can contribute to a decline in self-esteem as one may start to question their trust and worth.

Likewise, results from Steers, Wickham, and Acitelli’s study, found that individuals who compared themselves to peers on social media experienced a decline in self-esteem. They argued that using social media to compare one’s appearance, attributes, relationships, and life, is unhealthy and therefore detrimental to one’s mental state. They added that those with already low self-esteem tended to feel significantly worse after using comparison as an engagement tool on social media (Steers, Wickham, and Acitelli, 2014).

A study conducted by Moreno et al in 2011, concluded that over twenty percent of school or university pupils display feelings of mental health disorders such as depression, through written comments on social media. Researchers added that over a quarter of the users made references to depression. They suggested that individuals who used Facebook often, reported more depressive symptoms than those who don’t use Facebook as much (Moreno et al, 2011). Experiencing depressive symptoms tends to have a damaging effect on one’s self-esteem.

Additionally, to support the notion that social media can negatively affect one’s self-esteem, Pantic conducted a study using adolescents. Research suggested that users perceived that their peers were living a better-off life than their own (Pantic, 2014). This negative mindset may suggest that the users could be predisposed to unhealthy behaviors and thinking patterns and therefore, social media can play a part in negatively affecting one’s mental health and self-esteem. Those who continuously evaluate themselves, compare their lives to online peers, and unhealthily perceive they have an unsuccessful life as opposed to other users, can cause one to feel envious and resentful. These unhealthy ways of thinking can have a detrimental and damaging effect to one’s self-esteem.

Additional research from Chen and Lee was concerned with 2 specific factors that indicate a correlation between Facebook usage and psychological harm. These factors are excess communication and self-esteem. Facebook causes an excess of communication as it is estimated that over two hundred million photos are uploaded every day with the ‘like’ feature being used over two billion times per day. This indicates that social media sites such as Facebook, operate on a continuous content cycle, which can, therefore, result in excess communication known as a ‘communication overload’. Previous evidence has suggested that more time on Facebook correlates to a decrease in self-esteem. From this, the researchers found that Facebook activity is an indirect predictor of psychological harm due to excess communication which ultimately reduces self-esteem (Chen and Lee, 2013).

Another area of social media that puts an individual’s self-esteem at risk is cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is forms of bullying that take place online, such as social media or online messaging (Bullying UK, 2020). This form of bullying can include the spread of online pressure, rumors, negative images being posted without consent, and heckling. Cyberbullying can have serious psychological effects on its victims and cause mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety (Moreno and Kolb, 2012). These mental health disorders are often associated with having low self-esteem.

However, as with all research, it is worth mentioning that some studies have found no significant findings on the link between Facebook and low self-esteem. However, these studies should be evaluated carefully due to the small duration of the experiment. One study over a week, found that social media sites can increase self-esteem especially when they receive positive comments and likes from other users (Gonzalez and Hancock, 2011). However, this can be argued that the beneficial effects may be short-lived before one starts to developed competitive and jealous behavioral traits which can damage one’s self-esteem. The researchers also concluded that self-presentation online can positively increase the way one thinks of themselves. Social media allows the user to post content that mirrors a ‘perfect life’. This can lead to positive feelings in the short term, however, over time, these feelings often turn negative and cause psychological harm as the user will have to keep up the image they are portraying without comparing their ideal image to other people, which can be difficult for some.

Professional communication is a very important aspect of people these days. Within professional communication, there are many different genres of communication. One of them is the Oral genre, which is one of the most important aspects of communication. Oral communication is the main mode of communication between anyone and sometime people tend to neglect its importance. And because of that it might create some problems and may cause misunderstanding. So proficiency in Oral communication is very important as you have to speak loud and clear and teachers should help the students during their school era so that they will be proficient enough when entering the professional world (Ediger, 2011). Just completing a degree and having a certificate is worth nothing in today’s world. You have to be able to communicate with others with ease and you understand the meaning conveyed thoroughly. Richard Emanuel (2011) states that several surveys have been done which prove that speaking skills matter more than technical skills for job success.

The way the world is, there are many engineering students graduating every year. They all have hopes of getting a job in a respected company. But not everyone’s wish comes to be true. These days, companies who would like to recruit engineering graduates not only look at their skills and qualification but also at their oral communication skills. Engineering is a tricky field. It is one of the main aspects of our society and how it all works. So, being an engineer is not an easy job. Since with engineers, most of the time you have to communicate orally, the recruits must be very professional while conveying their ideas. They need to have a clear voice, a complete understanding of grammar, and an idea of what they are trying to convey. So, oral communication plays an important role in engineering graduate recruits. So, modern engineering graduates need to have both technical and non-technical skills like oral communication and presentation skills to be a part of this professional world (Kakepoto, I. A., Boon, Y., Hamdani, M., Habil, H., & Omar, N.,2012). Research done by Darling, A. L., & Dannels, D. P. (2003), showed that practicing engineers tend to talk and interact orally. It also found that professional oral speaking is a must quality if you want to be more than an engineer and move up the ladder in the job.

References:

1. Ediger, M. (2011). Oral communication across the curriculum. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 38(4), 221. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=sso&db=f6h&AN=75900597&scope=site
2. Emanuel, R. (2011). Critical concerns for oral communication education in the United States and the United Kingdom. Forum on Public Policy: A Journal of the Oxford Round Table. Retrieved from https://link-gale-com.ezproxy.cqu.edu.au/apps/doc/A317588293/AONE?u=cqu&sid=AONE&xid=ddb9b3ce
3. Kakepoto, I., Habil, H., A. M. Omar, N., Boon, Y., & Hamdani, M. (2012). Oral communication skills of engineering students of Pakistan in perspective of industrial internships. International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature, 1(2), 170–176. https://doi.org/10.7575/ijalel.v.1n.2p.170
4. Darling, A. L., & Dannels, D. P. (2003). Practicing engineers talk about the importance of talk: A report on the role of oral communication in the workplace. Communication Education, 52(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/03634520302457

Self-conception is the way we as an individual identify or measure ourselves. I think the intellectual of Self-conception can be split down into double parts. Self-conception is the critical step towards finding “who” you are, and Self-esteem is the two phases that indicate “how” you experience personally. Self-conception is how we see ourselves in different zones such as our public communication with peers and households, self-image, attitudes, and ethos. I am going to talk about three special social relations. I am a college student, an entertaining friend, and the role of a child. As I am experiencing these three common roles, there is a disparity in actions. As I cavort the role of a school student and expert in a territory where there are classmates, I pretend to be introspective, and when I play the role of an inmate, I am more demonstrative due to the fact I get to express my feelings. Self-conception is commonly expanding in the life cycle of human beings. I agree with self-conception in human life, alterations from the beginning of childhood to the developed country of manhood. For example, as a child, I was thinking of irritating others for enjoyment. But as I grew as a senior citizen, I began to see matters from the catastrophe point of view, so I showcased understanding towards the victim.

Self-respect determines our self-value. Self-respect is very widespread and has a consequence on our normal self-assurance. I do notice and recognize low arrogance in my standard life. The lack of self-assurance along with insecurity regularly gets to me whenever I am in a kilter of affairs where I would typically be viewed to be in a forward-facing stage of behavior. For instance, taking walks throughout the food court of a mall by myself. As I am walking through the expanse of, my behavior it changes to negativity. I am continuously wondering about what others think about my physical appearance. I internalize messages that other people express positively or negatively. Examples of symbols that people might use to my flashy hair color, a t-shirt with an image of my favorite artist, the color of my shoes, etc.

Another element of self-concept is a person’s values. The three main factors of existence are family, prosperity, and freedom. A family is an important team of people who I will usually be emotionally connected to. A family is additionally my purpose for undertaking long-term goals such as shopping for a house. Prosperity is additionally something I value because I am seeking perfection in my craft. I believe that a successful individual begins with an advantageous mindset. Freedom is additionally something that I am seeking in my lifestyle because finding freedom brings a sense of relief, inner peace, and independence which are valuable to me. According to my mom, my self-conception was very bad with other people but then as I interviewed my mom about my self-concept she told me that “your uncle helped you change your behavior and understanding others. He used to sit down with me and teach me how to talk with people, how to do certain things in public, and how to respect your elders”.

Therefore, another factor that is tied to our self-concept is the ideal self. I believe that it is integral to align our actual self “who we are?” with our best self to sense a feeling of alleviation and intellectual well-being. Growing up, the value that my mother and father enforced upon me broadly speaking was honesty. There was once a time when I got home late from a party, and my dad and mom asked me “Why are you late?” I replied, “I didn’t certainly prefer to go away from the celebration because I was having such an extraordinary time”. My response made me feel well mentally because I didn’t misalign between my actual and ideal self. But, if I had lied and told my dad and mom “I misplaced my auto keys and I was attempting to find it” ‘ then I would have felt mentally distressed and would have anxiety because of the reality that I had broken my best value.

My circumspection affects the people around me. Throughout everyday life, I attempt to continue towards gratefulness of myself as well as other people. I value delicacy. I manage others, in the manner in which I would look to be managed as a human. In the event there is a period I have never been delicate to an individual while having a discussion, I express remorse and rethink my expressions in an extra accommodating way as opposed to putting on a show of being scary and cruel. I will probably be a careful individual. I will always consider finding what makes me joyful and what makes me undoubtedly fulfilled. I guess sooner than I emphatically influence somebody with my messages, I would need to accomplish such characteristics myself first, so they can perceive any reason why they should listen to me.

I agree that our self-concept impacts our communication very effectively. The ideas at the back of self-concept would be one’s race/ethnicity, bodily appearance, culture, sexual preferences, etc. I was seventeen years old when I first commenced an institute for studying in the United States. I experienced a cultural shock when I interacted with my classmates. “The research employed a semi-experimental design with a pretest and posttest control group. Of a total of 24 students, 12 (4 girls, 8 boys) were included in the experimental group, and the other 12 (6 girls, 6 boys) were included in the control group. At the end of this research, a significant difference was found in favor of the students in the experimental group in terms of physical competence, physical appearance, peer relationships, and general self-concept dimensions of the self-concept scale.” (Üstündag, Özcan 2018). The challenges that I faced have been the lifestyle and language barrier. I wasn’t acquainted with the tradition nor did I speak the English language. But on the other hand, when I was in my birthplace “Jharkhand, India”, I used to be much more comfortable communicating with my classmates due to the similarities in culture, beliefs, and language. Another instance of cultural shock I experienced was when I was invited to my American friend’s residence for Thanksgiving dinner. The conversations at the table among the other people were not relatable to me. It made me experience discomfort and confusion being placed in those surroundings due to the fact I felt like an outsider being in an out-group. So, therefore, being conscious of our self-concept helps us relate to and be a section of in-groups where we belong to.

References

1. Üstündag, S., & Özcan, G. (2018). Effect of Educational Games on Self-Concept Levels of Inclusive Students Studying in Secondary Schools. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 6(10), 183-192.

Just imagine yourself or a family member were to get very ill and the medication to help cost way more than you or your family could afford. What would you do in this situation? The pharmaceutical industry is the one to blame. Many Americans face this issue of not being able to afford prescriptions that are a necessity. The Pharmaceutical industry should put an end to creating unethical lies that lure in individuals who lack knowledge about what they need and lies about how they develop their pricing. The average American spends at least one thousand two hundred dollars on prescription drugs every month. Many consumers are not educated on how to differentiate what are necessities and what are non-necessities. There are many red lies littered within the large pharmaceutical industry. There are many problems in the industry that lead to lies but lies lead to more problems and causes.

Big Pharma holds many dirty secrets that are so obvious, yet some people don’t realize it. People think that pharmaceutical drugs cost a lot to produce since they make large impacts, but in reality, it can be dirt cheap, down to cents to produce certain drugs. But drug companies know that most people rely on these drugs, so they can alter their pricing, usually making it absurdly higher than it is supposed to be. The thing is companies will do anything to be the only one of their kind in the market. An interview was done by CNBC on January 14, 2019, they interviewed lead author Inmaculada Hernandez, an assistant professor at the University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy. He stated, “We found that, in the case of brand-name drugs, rising prices were driven by manufacturers increasing prices of medications that are already in the market rather than [by] the entry of new products.” This means that manufacturers protect their drug by raising prices neither with the excuse of making adjustments nor just changing its name. Manufacturers may say they changed something, but it could literally be the smallest things such as changing the shape of the pills or just switching to different packaging. As you can see, the pharmaceutical industry makes the smallest lies, which have very large effects. Another thing the industry lies about is the way it innovates. Companies will never spread this, but they are allowed 20-year patents to protect their product, which leads to lies of them renaming their drug. People fall victim to buying the same drug for a higher price, even though it’s the same company just using a different name. According to Marianna Mazzucato, director of the UCL Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose, Article “Big Pharma is hurting drug innovation” last updated October 17, 2018, She states, “Part of the problem is how pharmaceuticals use the patent system. Instead of creating new drugs, they extend existing patents beyond the initial 20-year protection set by the United States and use gimmicks, such as overly-wide patents, to block knowledge creation and issue patents for what is essentially the same drug.” Companies will use red lies to benefit themselves, in this case with money. And the most vulnerable and innocent people will fall for these gimmicks, which really hurts the industry in the long run. These lies lead to many more causes, such as a variety of unnecessary pills and a lot of false advertising.

Work Cited

1. Blumberg, Y. (2019, January 14). Here’s why many prescription drugs in the US cost so much and it’s not innovation or improvement. Retrieved November 12, 2019, from https://www.cnbc.com/2019/01/10/why-prescription-drugs-in-the-us-cost-so-much.html.
2. Mazzucato, M. (2019, April 1). Big Pharma is hurting drug innovation. Retrieved November 12, 2019, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/theworldpost/wp/2018/10/17/pharmaceutical/.

Hospitalization can occur frequently in older adults and can result in changes to their regular routine to following hospital protocol – meals being given at set times, scheduled medications, or perhaps being put on precautions they were previously not on. This change in routine can cause clients to feel less in control of their lifestyle, thus it is pertinent to have clients participate in their own plan of care and continue to communicate with the client to ensure they are as comfortable as possible. This paper will examine the importance of communication in the context of a personal situation experienced in the clinical setting.

This paper focuses on a situation I encountered involving a patient under my care during clinical placement. The female client was admitted to the hospital for a right hip fracture and underwent surgery for a right hip dynamic hip screw (DHS). She had a Foley catheter instituted but had not passed gas or had a bowel movement since her procedure two days prior. She had a previous medical history of hypothyroidism. The client instructed that she would like to use the bedpan. I attempted to put the bedpan under her, keeping caution over her right hip. Since she was a slightly larger adult, I had difficulty putting the bedpan beneath her as she could not lift her unaffected side nor roll her on her side. The primary nurse came in the room to check on the client and I asked her if she could assist me in getting the bedpan beneath the client. The bedpan was not effective as the client could not get the bedpan to fully cover her bottom, thus the nurse decided to put an incontinent brief on her. The nurse told the client that she could not wait all day for her to have a bowel movement and that the brief would be more convenient so she could change her later. The client was visibly distraught but did not say anything to the nurse during the intervention, only groaning when the nurse turned her. The nurse reassured the client that she can go in the incontinent brief and she will just change her after. Once I spoke to the client, she told me with tears in her eyes that she had never worn an incontinent brief prior to this situation. I explained that this was only temporary and perhaps we could try the bedpan once her mobility improves.

I felt powerless and intimidated as I got the impression that I could not intervene with what the nurse had decided. I did not want to make a scene with the nurse had I confronted her about the bedpan. In hindsight, I should have told the nurse that we should attempt to use the bedpan once more to maintain the client’s dignity or at least explain to the client in a more compassionate way why the incontinent brief was used. I also felt dejected as this was the patient that was under my care and I did not provide her with adequate care. I was disappointed in myself when the client told me how she felt with tears in her eyes, as I felt I had played a small role in her distress. The primary nurse may have felt frustrated that the bedpan was not covering the client’s underside or perhaps she was overwhelmed by her other clients and she felt that implementing the incontinent brief would make her workload easier. The client, on the other hand, may have felt feelings of shame and embarrassment, as she had never worn an incontinent brief before.

The key issue in this scenario is the lack of communication between the nurse, client and myself, leading to the loss of dignity in the client. It is important to deliver effective communication to clients to maintain their dignity, autonomy and to form therapeutic relationships.

Sociolinguistics refers to the study of language concerning society. This gives a relationship between language and society. Language is a means of verbal exchange. In different phrases, language is the most vast issue because through language we can talk and share our emotions and ideas. Through verbal alternate, we can determine from which region a person originates. In this essay, I will discuss the inextricable connection between language and people, starting with the value of language for people and society, and then with its functions.

Language is an essential section of human connection. Although all species have their ways of communicating, human beings are the sole ones who have mastered cognitive language communication. Language allows us to share our ideas, thoughts, and feelings with others. It has the strength to build societies and, conversely, to destroy them. Language is what makes us human beings. It is how human beings speak with others. By gaining knowledge of a language, potentially you have mastered a complicated machine of words, structure, and grammar to correctly communicate with others.

To most people, language comes naturally. We learn about how to talk even until now than we can communicate, and as we grow older, we find ways to manipulate language to in actuality deliver what we select to say with phrases and complicated sentences. Of course, no longer all conversation is through language, however, getting to know language helps pace up the process. This is one of the many motives why language is important.

Language helps us to specify our feelings and thoughts – this is distinct to our species due to the truth it is a way to express unique ideas and customs in internal one-of-a-kind cultures and societies. By studying a foreign language, you can understand thoughts that may additionally be unique from your own culture. You can research customs and how human beings interact in a given society. Language helps preserve cultures, however, it additionally allows us to look at others and unfold thoughts quickly.

Language is also critical to business. The magnitude of language to industrial employers is unmatched. Without language in business, we cannot share ideas and develop them into something more. Whether this capability gaining know-how of a foreign place or language so you can share ideas with humans who come from an exceptional country, or simply reading how to use language to hold close an interview, demand presence in a room or neighborhood with others, language is vital. As we all understand, in industrial corporations, there have to be discussions, selection-making, etc., so apart from language, all that can’t happen.

Language is indispensable for humans and their development. Humans all find out about to communicate at slightly different times, and searching at when infant begins to use language can be indicative of how properly they are developing. But this does no longer sincerely look at babies. It additionally applies to younger teenagers getting to understand a 2nd language in faculty that’s distinct from the language they discuss at home, adults gaining knowledge of a second language, or even those who may also have misplaced language due to some sort of accident and are working on regaining it.

Language is also crucial for non-public communication. Though plenty of human verbal exchange is non-verbal (we can display our thoughts, emotions, and thoughts via our gestures, expressions, tones, and emotions), language is integral for personal communication. Whether it’s being in a position to talk to your friends, your partner, or your family, having a shared language is essential for these sorts of interactions.

To recognize language, one desires to, moreover, apprehend its functions. The most essential characteristic of language is usefulness. It offers us the ability to speak thoughts, ideas, and emotions with others as rapidly as possible. But internal that, we can apprehend language more with the aid of searching at its basic features, three of which are the informative function, the expressive function, and the directive function. The informative characteristic of language is when we use language to convey information. Essentially, its characteristic is to form others. Another simple characteristic of language is the expressive function. As it sounds, it is used to specify oneself through the usage of giving us ways to bring our feelings, emotions, and attitudes to each different character (or ourselves). The directive attribute of language is a simple feature that helps us to direct or command. For example, it gives us the ability to tell ourselves or any character else what to do in any given situation.

Language has a necessary position in the lifestyle of every individual. The role of language in our lives is incomparable. It is no longer just restrained to being a capability of speaking one’s ideas and thoughts to the rest, on the other hand, it has also grown to be a device for overseas friendships, cultural ties, as well as financial relationships. Throughout history, realized man has mirrored the importance of language in our lives. Language is an exceedingly crucial way of interacting with the people around us. We use language to let others understand how we feel and what we need, and to ask questions. We can regulate our language in every situation. For instance, we speak to our small kids with awesome phrases and tones than we are used to in a business company meeting. To communicate effectively, we send a message with words, gestures, or actions, which any individual else receives.

Language is one of the key factors of our human developmental process, which devices us apart from the relaxation of the animal kingdom and knits a sturdy feeling of kinship among us. An infant is born except language, then again even except formal training, by way of the age of five, the little one is conscious of several hundred phrases and the grammar of a unique language. This is an inherent tendency, which is extraordinarily critical for similar growth. Any discrepancy considered in learning a language at such an early stage may also point out positive sickness in a child.

In conclusion, language is very vast in human beings. It is a way in which we precise our feelings, thoughts, and ideas. Language is a system of symbols used with the aid of the ability of human beings to communicate. The language used has an impact on by way of or affected the lifestyle and vice versa. In one-of-a-kind words, humans are nothing besides language.