Category: Eating Disorders

Eating Disorders

The researcher had the opportunity on collecting and gathering critical information on eating disorders. What is an eating disorder you my ask? As defined in the oxford school dictionary it is defined as “any range of psychological disorders characterized by abnormal or disturbed eating habits (such as anorexia nervosa). This article summary is going to be a detailed outline of the information of eating disorders in women. There are a large number of persons who suffer from eating disorders, 90% of which are females. Older women who suffer with this disorder, tend to keep it a secret and don’t feel the need to speak up about it. Which leads to them not seeking any assistance. This usually happens because woman fear gaining weight and being branded, as having a “Teenage Disorder”.

Older woman have suffered with eating disorders for many years, while for others the problem is new. In recent years clinicians and treatment centers reported that they had seen a uprise of older woman, requesting help for these diseases. This article summary will be going into details about eating disorders. The types of eating disorders, what can cause these disorders to emerge or reappear and lastly how can these disorders be treated. Surveys that were conducted throughout the years indicated that, although these disorders in young women were reported more often, it dramatically increased in older woman of ages 45-65 in Australia. This survey was also conducted in Canada as well, but it is said that woman from these age groups, were most likely to feel guilty about eating and were more likely to rampage on food, compared to the younger ones.

There are many types of eating disorders. This article explains each one and gives detailed information about them. The types of eating disorders are as followed: Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge-eating Disorder. The word anorexia comes from a two-part Greek word, which means “without appetite”. These types of individuals are scared of gaining weight and they eventually convinced themselves that they are too fat, when in fact they are malnourished. In the result they starve themselves to where they endanger their lives. in server cases of anorexia nervosa patients grow life threatening difficulties, such of which include, kidney failure, liver failure and cardiac arrhythmias. This disorder is known to be one of the deadliest psychiatric disorders.

Bulimia nervosa is another type of eating disorder which consist of binge-eating. This then forces some kind compensatory action to dodge the gaining of weight. “Researchers estimate that one to three women out of 100 will develop bulimia nervosa at some point in their lives. In men, the rate of diagnosis is only about one-tenth the rate in women”. (Harvard Health Publications, Mar 2012). Binge eating involves eating a large amount of food, within a time frame which usually consist of two hours.

All the disorders previously stated are said to have a subtype as stated from the DMS-IV these goas as followed: Anorexia Nervosa subtypes are the restricting subtype and the binge-eating subtype. Bulimia Nervosa subtype would include the purging and nonpurging subtype. Binge-eating disorder, people who have these types of disorders usually hide due to the sense of feeling guilty or ashamed. This disorder can cause an individual to be overweight or obese. This disorder may never be recognized. Many older women don’t usually fit the strict descriptions for having an eating disorder, yet the deserve treatment.

In most cases, Eating Disorders may appear and reappear later in a woman’s life, for numerous reasons. Our first being Grief, this is inevitable in someone’s life, we are likely to lose someone we once loved. Usually adult woman uses Mourning to cope with grief; this could take away their ability to eat or have an appetite for food. Purging food can be a stress reliver in this situation. Secondly, is Divorce this may consist of loss and grief, this may make the women feel insecure about their bodies comparing themselves to other singles and younger woman, this can result in excessive eating or malnourishment. Another factor could include the Heightened awareness of aging, this factor consists of females coming back to work or school past the retirement age with a different appearance. Lastly, Medical Illnesses. Woman tend to lose weight due to short term illnesses. Sometimes they receive compliments, and this may cause them to decrease their food intake so that they could keep their slender figure.

Eating Disorders may cause many illnesses such include: Dental Problems, Heartbeats that are Irregular (arrhythmias), or osteoporosis, which is a common difficulty of eating disorders. In females that are older it may case vomiting, which is forced, and this may result in a medical emergency. If this is severe it could cause the stomach to rapture or tear in the esophagus, which at this time will need professional attention. However, woman’s priorities may shift due to time and energy. A reality of life might hit them as a unrelated health scare, death of a loved one, or other event. this may cost a woman may finally decide that enough is enough and seek treatment.

The purpose of treating these types of eating disorders are so that we could aid these women in achieving healthy weight, exercise level, and eating patterns; by doing so we could eradicate binge eating and purging as well. A Nutritionist, Mental Health Professional or Clinicians are responsible in aiding these women who are going through this. Upon my research I stumbled upon ways to help prevent or treat these types of disorders. These are Psychotherapy, Nutrition Rehabilitation, Medication and Hospitalization. Psychotherapy is the way to help an individual to talk about their problems and help them come up with a solution. Nutritional Rehabilitation can be a dietitian or a Nutritional Counselor who can help woman recover and learn about their eating disorders, they also motivate you to start eating healthier and advises you on the changes need to make that step. Medications such as Fluoxetine (Prozac) is the only prove medication to work for treating eating disorders. Lastly, they can be treated on an outpatient basis in the hospital. This is usually recommended if a woman is seriously underweight.

The author of this article is clearly speaking about what is an Eating Disorder, What causes this disorder to happen, the different types of disorders and their subtypes, and lastly how can these disorders be treated and prevented.

In my text eating disorder is said to be caused by excessive dieting, restricting certain foods and a disorder body dissatisfaction. It goes to state how the disorder is caused because people fear gaining weight. The age for females getting this disorder is usually 15-19. My notes state anorexia to be a eating disorder characterized by the maintenance of the body weight well below average though starvation and or excessive exercise. For example, my notes talk about Dysmorphia this is a distorted body image. This is when a person looks in the mirror, they believe themself to be overweight. My text also talks about Bulimia, which is another eating disorder, where a person engages in binge eating behavior that is followed by an attempt to compensate for the large amount of food consumed in two hours’ time. Bing is another eating disorder which consist of a person eating foods that are unhealthy for a specific period of time and then use some kind of compulsory behavior to rid the body of all the calories it might of consumed. Finally, is the Binge eating disorder with is where he/she does not use compensatory behavior to rid the body of extra calories. they are guilty and embarrassed.

The magazine article relates to the course in many ways talking about eating disorders. The article explains more on older women but also states types of eating disorders giving definitions and examples. these eating disorders consist of Anorexia nervosa, Bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. The magazine article goes and talks about ways in which can trigger such disorder to occur. Finally, the article explains ways in which you can get help for eating disorder. All of this information was related to the course and helped me to understand the topic better. this magazine article relates to the course with the detailed information and explanation of this topic teaches us a little more than we already knew. It also expands my knowledge on the topic with other interesting facts and formation on eating disorder, the information in this article was helpful in my understanding on eating disorder and did not conflict with the information i already knew.

the magazine article made me understand how important and serious eating disorders can be. i never use to take the disorders seriously because I just thought it was an easy fix by just eating more food. However, I know that this is something that has a mental, physical and emotion effect on the individual. This magazine article expands my knowledge by stating the ways in which you can try to treat eating disorders. in addition to this the article talks about how eating disorders may reappear in someone’s life. this made me understand how the study of psychology is important by teaching me how important the mind can be and what effects it can carry once damage. this article shows me how psychology should be taken seriously and if it wasn’t for certain psychologist certain disorders would never exist meaning that the cure would never be found as well. the study of psychology goes deeper than just the mind, but it explores one true nature and how to see the world for what it really is.

• https://search.proquest.com/docview/1370199316?accountid=41012

Currently, the effects of social media on one’s mental health is heavily debated, especially its correlations to the rise in eating disorder cases worldwide. As of 2019, the prevalence of eating disorders has risen from 3.5 percent of the world population to 7.8 percent (“Body Image and Eating Disorders”). The most common age for eating disorder onset is 18-21 (Rehman), however, there has been a 42% rise in women over 35 seeking treatment (Howard), and a 119% rise in children under 12 in inpatient care for eating disorders (Pike), both in the last decade. Generally, the amount of inpatient admissions for treatment has more than doubled (“Body Image and Eating Disorders”). There are three most common types of eating disorders that will be discussed; anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Anorexia is caused by a psychological rejection of food (Forgacs et al.), leading to a weight loss of 15-60% of the patient’s body weight (Zoltan). Individuals with Bulimia consume large amounts of food, then attempt to eliminate it by self-induced vomiting, otherwise known as purging (Forgacs et al.). These two variations of disordered eating are extremely dangerous since they often lead to the malnourishment of the body, which can cause dangerously low levels of blood pressure and in the worst cases, heart failure (Howard). Analogous to bulimia, in cases of binge eating disorders, large amounts of food are consumed during a “binge” often associated with feelings of guilt, but there is no behavior of purging afterward (Zoltan). BEDs can be related to obesity, equally as dangerous, and is also commonly referred to as a repeated and more extreme form of emotional eating. Although significantly more women struggle with disordered eating than men, the illness is often diagnosed much later in men and is, therefore, more deadly (Rehman). Additionally, BIPOC, people in the LGBTQ community, people with disabilities, people in larger bodies, athletes, veterans, substance abusers, people who have other mental illnesses, and people who have traumatic experiences are all more likely to develop eating disorders than the average woman (“Statistics and Research on Eating Disorders”) (“Eating Disorder Statistics”). The United States has 30 out of 70 million of the current reported cases globally, however, it is estimated that the actual number of total cases is much higher, especially in other countries, due to a lack of resources, treatment, and overwhelming stigma (“Body Image and Eating Disorders”). Over 70 percent of individuals who suffer from disordered eating do not seek treatment because of stigma (Pike).

The earliest documentation of eating disorders are ones of anorexia, from as early as the 1300s (Zoltan). These cases were later referred to as “holy anorexia”, a practice of self-starvation by female members of the clergy as a means of self-discipline and attempt to achieve spiritual and religious purity along with “independence from physical needs.” One particular saint, Catherine of Siena (1347-1380), said her anorexic behavior was a “look into [her]self to understand [her] infirmity and [the goodness of] God who by a most singular mercy allowed [her] to correct the vice of gluttony.” She viewed self-starvation and inability to eat as both a consequence of God for her sins and a method of redemption (Griffin and Berry). British Physician Sir William Whitney Gull (1816-1890) and French contemporary, Charles Lasègue (1816–1883) were the first to identify and record eating disorders as illnesses during the Victorian era. They observed acts of self-starvation in female teenage patients and as well as purging, which Lasègue then named “cynorexia” (Zoltan). Throughout this period, eating disorders became more prevalent due to the popular culture pressures of extreme femininity on women, both spiritually and physically. An emphasis was placed on the size of a woman’s waist, as slender waists appeared as a sign of illness, weakness, and etherealness, signs associated with angles. This suggested the femininity and spiritual purity of a woman. At this time, corsets were extremely common and used as a means of concealing the appetite. Victorian women also heavily regulated their diets due to a belief that self-control and placing the “body with constant conflict with the soul” were superior demonstrations of femininity (Silver 44-45, 48), which is distinctively similar ideologically to the pursuit of religious purity in practices of “holy anorexia”. In addition to corsets and food restriction, a new form of dieting was popularized; the tapeworm diet. Ingestion of intestinal parasites was a way to maintain a slender figure, but in many cases, ended fatally. In more recent years, during the 19th century, the influence of media became more prevalent, and food advertising grew common as food companies filled the gap mothers and housewives left after their contributions to the workforce. These corporations promoted unintuitive, unhealthy, eating habits and a dependence on artificially produced foods, causing a spike in obesity in the 1960s, accompanied by the popularization of beauty pageants and exceptionally thin and young models such as Twiggy as the beauty standard for women. Simultaneously, men also saw a surfacing of bodybuilding competitions and male models who were highly muscular with a similarly unattainable body shape. Many developed “muscle dysmorphia”, comparable to “body dysmorphia,” which causes an unhealthy fixation on muscular and bodily flaws, leading to a lack of self-confidence closely correlated with the development of eating disorders (Forgacs et al.). Despite evidence of negative and heavy impacts of media on the rise in eating disorders throughout history, research has also shown the influences of genetics, environment, and trauma.

In present-day society, social media is universal and a substantial part of many people’s lives, especially those of adolescents. 95% of US teens have a smartphone. Globally, teens spend an average of 7 hours per day on screens, mainly consuming content on social media. Adolescents at this age are most prone to developing insecurities, low self-esteem, and anxiety due to high rates of media consumption and conflicting messages about the body. For instance, popular media idealizes a thin yet still curvy physique for women, and a lean and muscular build for men to a great extent. Such images of the socially desirable body are often digitally manipulated to make the subject match the “beauty standard”, however, this widespread practice creates unrealistic standards for women and men around the world. Movements to “break the beauty standards” have also emerged on a greater scale in recent years, spreading messages of body positivity such as; “beautiful at any size”, “eat what you want”, and “fat acceptance”. Despite these affirmations, this movement is seen as equally problematic by some as it reinforces beauty standards inadvertently. It boosts confidence momentarily, but beauty standards that have stood for centuries are not so easily ignored. Many studies show social media continues and will continue to kindle body dissatisfaction and eating disorders for all sexes of all ages (McBride et al.). In parallel, many of the Victorian ideologies of femininity were displayed in books, which in the present can be equated to social media, and categorized as media influence on body image and cultivation for disordered eating.

Experts recognize that claims of heavy media impact on eating disorders are highly methodological, and quantitative evidence with direct correlations are lacking. Such quantitative data regarding media and mental illnesses are incredibly difficult to obtain because external factors affect everyone to different extents. As a result, many studies rely on theories, principles, and inferences from professionals that could have biased opinions. Furthermore, different methods of data collection and analysis are utilized, making it difficult to form a general conclusion (Ferguson). The argument that social media does not play the most significant role in the development of disordered eating stands. Individuals with relatives suffering from anorexia nervosa are 4 times more likely to develop it themselves. Twin studies show the impact of genetics is up to 74% for anorexia, 62% for bulimia, 46% for binge eating disorders. Living environments can also play a role in the onset of eating disorders. Individuals vulnerable to obesity genetically who can easily access high-fat, high-carb foods, have increased risks of becoming overweight and binge eating. Likewise, individuals who live in an environment where thinness is highly valued are more prone to exhibiting behaviors of food restriction and weight control (Yilmaz et al.). Athletes, and individuals who identify as LGBTQ are similarly more susceptible to disordered eating because of stereotypes within the community to be a certain size (“Eating Disorder Statistics”). Evidence demonstrates the effects of traumatic and potentially traumatic events on eating disorders also debate the extent of media influence. Almost all patients with an eating disorder of any kind have experienced at least one event throughout their life that could be potentially traumatizing, according to a US study. The nature of mental illnesses related to eating also supports the theory of significant impacts of trauma. Binging and purging behaviors can be related to traumatic experiences and emotional distress. Binges, also known as emotional eating, can be soothing, stress-relieving, and can make problems temporarily forgotten, with effects comparable to alcohol or substances (Backholm et al.). Accordingly, patients with restrictive forms of eating often report a lack of control in their past regained by highly regulating their diet (Zoltan). A 2014 study enumerates this and revealed that 97% of those struggling with disordered eating have one or more other coexisting mental illnesses, such as anxiety, depression, PTSD, alcohol or substance abuse, borderline personality disorder, or OCD (“Statistics and Research on Eating Disorders”).

Although evidence is abundant on the correlations of genetics, environment, and trauma on eating disorders, it can be seen as lacking to reason the steady rise of cases globally. These factors have all existed throughout history, and should not impact the prevalence of mental illness more now than they did in the past, though it can be argued that decreasing stigma could cause the increase of reported cases and diagnoses. Media, on the other hand, can justify this rise to a greater extent due to its rapid popularization and commoditization.

The undeniable social costs of eating disorders are extremely substantial, taking one life every 52 minutes, which means it is the most deadly mental illness (Rehman). Individuals who suffer from disordered eating are also five times more likely to abuse substances, and 3 times more likely to self-harm, which can lead to an abundance of other health issues (“Statistics and Research on Eating Disorders”). Ten percent of patients will die within ten years of the onset of their disorder, either from suicide or other complications (“Body Image and Eating Disorders”). Despite the extremely dangerous nature of eating disorders, the rate of treatment is extremely low because of the huge influence of stigma. Only 70% of sufferers choose not to seek treatment due to stigma alone, and men, as well as larger individuals, are much less likely to receive a diagnosis, leading to an increased risk of mortality within these populations. Athletes are also a high-risk population because of stigma, but also their high levels of exercise (Rehman). Compulsive and excessive exercise is a strong marker of eating disorders frequently used to control weight. New subgroups like fatorexia, brideorexia, pregorexia, vigorexia, drunkorexia, stressorexia have evolved in recent years due to a general rise in cases (Forgacs et al.). Moreover, while eating disorders have been considered culturally bound illnesses only prevalent in countries with moderate to heavy Western influence and westernized beauty standards, there is an abundance of evidence that opposes this. Various diverse beauty standards, no matter where, influence people every day (Sharan and Sundar). In Africa, although rates of clinically diagnosed cases are low, more than 83% of adolescents express dissatisfaction with body image and weight. Many Asian countries have also reported rapidly rising rates of eating disorders, yet many struggle to find resources, treatment, or even official diagnoses due to stigma and lack of awareness on a large scale. A small population study in China and South Korea shows a prevalence higher than the United States (Pike and Dunne), which considering their populations, places the total number of eating disorder cases well above 70 million globally. Disordered eating is starting to target much younger individuals as well, and just below 25% of elementary students report active dieting, and even those who do not understand dieting yet express behaviors of weight control. However, dieting, especially at such a young age is extremely unhealthy, and those who do diet are more likely to binge, which can easily lead to a vicious cycle and develop into a serious eating disorder. Dieting also has various economic costs, though far less substantial to its social counterparts. An estimated 60 billion is spent on dieting and weight control products by Americans each year (“Statistics and Research on Eating Disorders”)

Many treatment methods have been developed throughout the years, such as psychotherapy, family-based therapy, and treatment centers dedicated to eating disorders. An emphasis has been placed not only on the treatment of disordered eating but coexisting mental illnesses that may simultaneously impact the patient. Nutritionists have developed informative diet plans, and physicians focus on resolving further health complications associated with disordered eating. One particular method of therapy is commonly utilized, called cognitive behavioral therapy. In this type of treatment, a focus is placed on helping the patient associate positive views of eating and weight that were previously considered negative or avoided, such as “fear foods” and weight gain in cases of anorexia and bulimia. In cases of binge eating disorders, the patient learns how to overcome difficult situations in a healthy manner without an over-involvement of food. Family-based therapy requires heavy involvement of the patient’s family and loved ones as assistance, and they are encouraged to face problems together. Eating disorders are often correlated with the internalization of fears, concerns, and emotions, thus the implementation of a support system has been proved to be highly effective and beneficial. Other procedures of treatments such as devices to regulate and stimulate magnetic waves in the areas of the brain which control eating behaviors have been researched, but are still in the early experimental stages and are not yet conclusive (“Body Image and Eating Disorders”). Despite various treatment methods, only 10% of those with eating disorders will seek and receive treatment, and only 60% of the 10% will make a full recovery (Rehman).

While eating disorders are becoming more and more of pressing concern, an adequate amount of research and funding has been dedicated in the United States specifically. In the Mental Health Parity Act of 1996, eating orders were categorized as a serious form of mental illness and deemed to receive equal health coverage, research, and funding as other medical and psychiatric conditions (“Statistics and Research on Eating Disorders”). However, stigma is still problematic among groups of the population and restricts many from seeking help. A large number of countries have yet to implement accessible forms of treatment, solutions, or even information regarding eating disorders. One example is Asia, where a significant amount of stigma is still a huge challenge for sufferers of any mental illness, and although there has been progress in media, lots of room for further normalization remains (Pike and Dunne). If the rate of those who seek treatment stays as low as they are in the present, and the number of cases continues to increase globally, a huge amount of lives will be lost. Prevention for eating and mental disorders should be emphasized at a young age as the onset of these illnesses have been lowering in recent years. Simultaneously, marginalized voices should be heard. In BIPOC and LGBTQ communities, as well as men, larger individuals, and older individuals, help and treatment is significantly less common despite higher risks and rapidly growing numbers (“Statistics and Research on Eating Disorders”). It should be known that eating disorders do not target specific people; rather it is a serious issue that threatens the health of the global population. While it is difficult to directly correlate this to the commoditization of media, education of healthy consumption of media should also be of importance. If a vulnerability to developing mental illnesses and eating disorders is identified in an individual or community, prevention and education should be easily accessible. An establishment of organizations for prevention and support is highly helpful and greatly encouraged globally. Clinical and non-clinical trials are also invaluable and provide research and statistics for the development of new and more effective forms of treatment.

Mental illness is a rapidly growing issue that has just been placed under the spotlight in recent years, and further research is essential and extremely valuable. Many factors contribute to the development of an eating disorder, and all of them should be heavily noted in resolving this heightening global issue. Regardless if media, genetics, environment, or trauma is at the forefront of causes for disordered eating, all populations affected should be considered, and treatment, as well as awareness, should be widespread and highly accessible.

Eating disorders in the United States have long been viewed as individualized, mental health problems. Most likely something that has formed from a traumatic event in one’s life. That may be the case for some people with eating disorders, but I am going to look at it from a more societal l and macro point of view. 10 million women and 1 million men suffer from anorexia or bulimia (Eating Disorder Foundation), which has doubled over the past 10 years. Over the past 50 years, eating disorders have surpassed depression as the leading emotional imbalance upon young women (Journal of Media Research). Eating disorders have turned into one of the top factors resulting in increased mortality rates, and the third leading cause of death in adolescent girls. There was a huge surge in eating disorders when we underwent a major paradigm switch to external beauty standards and mass media coverage. If we look at eating disorders from a sociological perspective we can move away from thinking about eating disorders as a “mental problem” or “disorder” and it will force us to look at the causes less individualistically (micro level) and more societally (macro level).

Defining eating disorders as a social problem has been up for debate of the past couple of decades. Since there is no exact difference between phenomena that is considered a social problem and what is not, it makes defining eating disorders as a social problem extremely difficult. Since social problems stated as social problems if there is a “fix” to them, eating disorders are not discussed as social problems, and they are considered individualized mental health problems. The medical model to treating eating disorders pathologies eating disorders to a certain factor, usually psychological, that happened at a point in someone’s life, instead of looking at the cause of eating disorders enforced on us by societal norms, capitalism, and media. Major corporations and media companies can profit from women hating their bodies, they cannot profit from fixing them. Our current media’s obsession with the “thin” body and media industry’s constant perpetration of the “perfect body”, along with editing software– has skewed our perception of attainable beauty standards.

The way to look at eating disorders from a symbolic-interactionist approach would be that eating disorders are a social construction. In addition, look at it from this point of view infers that we have been taught to want to be unattainably thin or “beautiful” the way that society defines it. In America, being thin is a symbol of being healthy and attractive. Looking at eating disorders from a symbolic interactionist view makes me realize how we have been subtly taught the “right way to look”. Looking at eating disorders from conflict perspective, you would blame society for praising models and setting our beauty standards as what they are today to sell products. At the end of the day, eating disorders benefit capitalism. If people do not like themselves, (maybe even subconsciously), they will try to buy to improve themselves in order to fit into our ever-changing societal norms. I think the conflict approach is the best way to look at eating disorders, because if everyone was happy the way they were, how could major corporations sell us fad diets, extremely damaging weight loss pills, etc…? I think that our society even propagates eating disorders, since major corporations profit from perpetuating unattainable beauty standards. Another way to look at eating disorders is from the functionalist perspective. So for people, it is considered functional to be skinny because they believe that they can keep their jobs and appear more attractive to others who do not know them. Being skinny serves a purpose in society today, since we view thin people as strong and healthy and fat people as weak and lazy, it benefits woman to be skinny to be able to be taken seriously in society by men especially.

As you can see, Symbolic Interactionism, Conflict Theory, and Functionalist Perspective are many ways that can help us analyze eating disorders from a sociological perspective. However, I think the best way to analyze eating disorders in women is from a Feminist Theory. You first look at how society views slender women compared to fat women. In western culture women who have slender bodies are represented by “order and control”, while overweight women are viewed as “fat, slow, and lazy”. No wonder women strive for a slender body in a patriarchal world. In order to look at eating disorders as a social problem, we need to first realize what our society values. Our society values skinny women, even if to get that skinny they are doing it in an unhealthy way. Women all over the country are trying to achieve this unattainably slender body to change a de-valued feminine body into order and control.

Thankfully, with the huge boom in numbers of eating disorders, people are starting to become more aware about how our society is affecting the rise of eating disorders, and look at them less individualistically. The NEDA (National Eating Disorder Association) is playing a huge role in starting social movements and spreading awareness about eating disorders. They plan marches from men and women to attend and workshops. This is a step in the right direction, but I think we need to look more at the root of the problem as a whole rather than the disorder from an individualized perspective.

Works Cited

1. Eating Disorders: Personal or Social Problem? Essay. (n.d.). Retrieved February 17, 2019, from https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Eating-Disorders-Personal-or-Social-Problem-F3J9AH2KTC
2. Gallery, T. (1970, January 01). Applied Sociology II Spring 2013. Retrieved February 14, 2019, from http://sociology2spring2013.blogspot.com/2013/06/societies-effects-on-eating-disorders.html
3. Iles, & Alexandra, I. (2012, May 01). Eating Disorders as a Social Problem. an Impact Analysis on Health Campaign Videos. Retrieved February 15, 2019, from https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-3007293271/eating-disorders-as-a-social-problem-an-impact-analysis
4. Knauz, & Lisa. (2015, July 20). The social construction of anorexia and bulimia nervosa with a focus on pro-ana and pro-mia websites. Retrieved February 13, 2019, from https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/handle/10219/2448
5. Learn More About Eating Disorders. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/

How the Misrepresentation of Women in the Media Began

While issues regarding body image have always been present in society, with the introduction of flappers in the 1920s, body standards in the United States underwent a dramatic change. The voluptuous body type of the Gibson Girl was replaced by the slender, boyish figure of the Flappers. The changing societal ideals allowed the “New Woman of the Progressive era [to obtain] more participation in the public ‘sphere,’” however, “[women] did not achieve liberation from cultural pressures to conform to what was considered desirable” (‘New Woman: Who was the ‘New Woman?”). As the “ideal had become one without curves … fashionable women [strove] to eliminate them from their figures by compressing the busts and hips, in order to achieve the ‘morestreamlined’ look” (‘New Woman: Who was the ‘New Woman?”). This sudden change from one extreme to another was detrimental to the physical and mental health of women in the United States. During this time, American citizens became focused on their physical appearance rather than aspects of their personality and character. In Culture as History: The Transformation of American Society in the Twentieth Century (1989), a book written by Warren I. Susman, he argues that the ideals of the early 1900s were very different from those from the Victorian Era; with more attention towards outward appearance, people were willing to take extreme steps in order to enhance themselves. This lead to an increase of eating disorders and unhealthy habits focused on losing weight. (‘New Woman: Who was the ‘New Woman?”).

Society’s view on body image took another drastic turn in the 1960s when the bodies of models became even skinnier. Models such as Lesley Hornby (Twiggy) and Jean Shrimpton (Shrimp) became increasingly popular and set the beauty standard. These two women, along with many others, defined feminine beauty, and became the role models for other American women. People with perfectly healthy bodies started to undergo unnatural processes in order to look like these women that were being advertised constantly In other words, normal people were trying to achieve unrealistic standards that were being portrayed in the media. The obsession to be skinny didn’t stop in this era, in fact, models in the fashion industry have remained thing since the 1960s (Fowler). An article in the New York Times from 1996 talks about how eating disorders were affecting a large portion of American society. This article focuses on the shift from solely teenage girls being affected by eating disorders, but how eating disorders were also taking a toll on pre-adolescent girls, adolescent boys, and middle age women (Hochman). Chris Aisas, a spokesman from the National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Assorted Disorders stated that “an estimated seven million women and one million men nationally suffer from eating disorders” (Hochman). The increase of eating disorders in the United States was mirroring another aspect in American lives that had been developing over the past few decades: the prevalence of media (‘Easier access to media by children increases risk for influence on numerous health issues”).

A major change that citizens in the United States experienced over the course of the 1900s was their access to media. In the early 1900s, there were limited sources of media, however, as newer technologies were created, more ways of obtaining information were introduced. While there were many benefits to the increase of means of communication and sharing of knowledge, the accessibility of media created problems as well. As it became easier to access a wider variety of content, it also became easier to view pictures of models with unobtainable body types. The media is one of the top contributors to adolescents’ view of self-image. A study in Fiji of teenage girls “found that the prevalence of eating disorders increased dramatically after the introduction of American TV programs” (‘Easier access to media by children increases risk for influence on numerous health issues”). Watching TV constantly reminds viewers of everything that they are not, and is dangerous especially in the lives of kids and teenagers because they are in the developmental years of their lives. If kids are constantly shown something while their brains are maturing, those messages are going to stay with those kids for the rest of their lives. Thus, it is crucial to be aware of what messages kids and teenagers are retaining from the television they are watching.

In addition to the fashion industry, general advertisements use women that portray unrealistic body standards in order to sell certain products. A study in 1987 was conducted by asking people with and without eating disorders: “Do you believe that the [advertisements] you see and hear create strong images of the desirability of being thin, thereby inducing you to keep weight down?” The study found that “ninety one percent of those with eating disorders answered ‘yes’ to this question” and “fifty four percent percent of those without eating disorders responded in the affirmative” (Peterson). This study shows how the TV we watch has caused many people to alter how they eat in hopes to change their physical appearance. The unhealthy impact of various television programs and advertisements is obvious and their negativity in society is something that started to be recognized in the late 1900s.

Along with the issue of advertisement, eating disorders started to be addressed in the late 1900s as well. An article from 1981 depicts the experience of a 17 year-old with bulimia, describing it as “the recently recognized binge-eating disorder that primarily affects adolescent and young adult females with history of being overweight” (Fischer). Around this time, many articles started being published with contents pertaining to eating disorders and doctors’ recognition and efforts to address this issue. Doctors were the main force that helped to bring attention to eating disorders. As mentioned in the New York Times article from 1981, “Eating disorders of youths explored,” people such as Dr. Katherine A. Halmi, a pediatrician, psychiatrist, and director of the Eating Disorders Program at New York Hospital – Cornell Medical Center played an important role in bringing awareness to eating disorders and the damage that they can do. Once people in positions of power started releasing data that supported the existence of eating disorders, they started to be taken seriously, and people with these disorders started receiving more help (Fischer).

As soon as articles started to be written about eating disorders and doctors spoke more openly about the issue, actions started to be taken on the medical level (Hochman). Organizations also started to develop in order to help those struggling with eating disorders. However, advertisements continued to portray unhealthy standards and being skinny remained the ideal. The lack of action in the advertising field is one of the key factors that prevented eating disorders from being discouraged; the lack of change in this department prevented much decrease in the prominence of eating disorders. What is seen in advertisements and the prevalence of eating disorders are directly correlated, and with more attention to the relationship between the two, steps can be taken towards a healthier mindset toward body image in the United States (Peterson).

Sources

1. ‘New Woman: Who was the “New Woman?”.’ History in Dispute, edited by Robert J. Allison, vol. 3: American Social and Political Movements, 1900-1945: Pursuit of Progress, St. James Press, 2000, pp. 165-173. U.S. History in Context, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX2876300029/UHIC?u=headroyces&sid=UHIC&xid=b184f50e. Accessed 28 Feb. 2019.
2. ‘Easier access to media by children increases risk for influence on numerous health issues.’ Obesity & Diabetes Week, 15 June 2009, p. 75. General OneFile, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A202781797/ITOF?u=headroyces&sid=ITOF&xid=fee90766. Accessed 28 Feb. 2019.
3. Peterson, Robin T. “Bulimia and Anorexia in an Advertising Context.” Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 6, no. 6, 1987, pp. 495–504. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/25071688.
4. Fowler, Rebecca. ‘How to end the fashion famine; Super-thin models worry us all. Rebecca Fowler says that advertising power could succeed where parents and doctors have failed.’ Independent [London, England], 1 June 1996, p. 17. General OneFile, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A67109671/ITOF?u=headroyces&sid=ITOF&xid=c1fdcab4. Accessed 28 Feb. 2019.
5. Hochman, Nancy. (1996, Apr 28). Eating disorders strike younger girls and men. New York Times (1923-Current File) Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/109639177?accountid=39972
6. Fawcett, H. (2006). FASHIONING THE SECOND WAVE: ISSUES ACROSS GENERATIONS. Studies in the Literary Imagination, 39(2), 95-113,149. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/198094255?accountid=39972
7. Fischer, Arlene (1981, May 31). Eating disorders of youths explored. New York Times (1923-Current File) Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/121759661?accountid=39972

Abstract:

This extended project aims to explore whether or not Instagram plays a role in the rising cases of eating disorders amongst teenage girls in the UK. It has been shown that the main cause of eating disorders stems from the development of low self-esteem and low self-worth (Spettigue, 2021). Previous research analysed government data to provide evidence of this growing issue. It was found that there was a 46% increase in referrals of under-18s with eating disorders, since 2019 (Jayanetti, 2021).

For this EPQ some primary research was completed in the form of a qualitative and quantitative questionnaire. A total of 18 participants completed the survey. From this, it was concluded that whilst many people did not feel Instagram negatively affected them, over a third of people did state that Instagram had triggered them. There was also a link made between the higher usage of Instagram and lower confidence levels amongst participants. This demonstrates that people may not be fully aware of the impacts Instagram has on them. A high number of users were also found to be under the age of 18 which should be highlighted due to the high susceptibility of this age range to poor self-image and eating disorders. To conclude whilst Instagram has been shown to positively change some people’s lifestyles it also has been shown to potentially impact some people’s diet and exercise behaviours in an unhealthy way.

Introduction:

This extended project will investigate the question To what extent does Instagram encourage the development of anorexia for teenage girls in the UK?. The aim of this is to assess the impacts of Instagram on teenage girls in the UK and to discover if the platform is the main cause of eating disorders amongst this age category. An eating disorder is a mental health condition in which a person develops unhealthy eating patterns. In the UK, there are three main eating disorders, anorexia nervosa, bulimia and binge eating disorder (BED) (NHS, 2021). Anorexia will be the focus of this EPQ as it is most commonly associated with being brought on by social media usage.

Around 10% of those diagnosed with eating disorders in the UK are suffering from anorexia which is most common amongst girls aged 15-19 (Schoen Clinic, 2021). Anorexia nervosa or anorexia is the development of eating minimal amounts of food and is often connected to low self-esteem and negative self-image (NHS, 2021). It can lead to loss of enjoyment in day-to-day activities, fear of eating or even putting on weight and even suicidal tendencies and depression. Furthermore, as the sufferer isn’t eating enough this can cause other health problems such as weakness, fragile bones, rapid weight loss and difficulty concentrating (Mind, 2021). All of these symptoms can massively impact a person’s daily life especially with the majority of suffers being aged 15-19, as this can influence their education and daily routines.

Along with the increase of eating disorders, the use of Instagram is also increasing rapidly. Over the past few years, Instagram users have increased from 100 million monthly users, recorded in 2013, (Dean, 2021) to over 1.074 billion users as of 2021, (Mohsin, 2021) with 32.05 million of these users being from the United Kingdom. One study was also carried out to estimate that around 32.1% of UK users are aged between 13-24 (Tankovska, 2021). Therefore, it can be assumed that many of them are exposed to the platform’s harmful and impactful content shared, at such a young age, many can develop eating disorders like anorexia, as they don’t fully understand the impacts and side effects of social media on their mental health. This is significant as a common cause for the development of anorexia is low self-esteem (NHS, 2021), which is easily developed through social media.

This essay will specifically investigate how Instagram is argued to have caused an increase in anorexia and how truthful these allegations really are, as well as the benefit and detriments to mental health when using social media.

Impact of Advertisement

One feature of Instagram is the ability to have targeted adverts for the user. This can be based on the audience’s location, age and gender (Instagram, 2016). As a result of this, companies will tailor their adverts for those who are most likely to purchase the product. This can have negative impacts as marketers will often target buyers who are searching for solutions to their insecurities and ailments (Viraj J, 2018). Consequently, anyone who may be feeling insecure or is struggling with their food intake could receive several dieting or food-related advertisements which could significantly impact their mental and physical health.

A recent incident occurred whereby Instagram was found to be mistakenly promoting harmful diet content which many found to be triggering (Criddle, 2021). Lauren Black, an Instagram influencer who is recovering from Anorexia said in an interview with the BBC (Black, 2021) that people often turn to Instagram to find support for their illness. However, when researching for eating disorder recovery it can customize harmful and triggering content which is related to the topic. Black also stated that this can cause people to suffer further and even relapse. This shows first-hand how impactful these targeted adverts can have on teenagers who are exposed to them. Therefore, any teenager girls who are exposed to these adverts as a result of their previous searches could be triggered with unwanted topics and content, possibly causing relapse for recoverees or creating symptoms for new sufferers.

Cyberbullying

One clear issue of platforms such as Instagram is the lack of censoring. Inappropriate and upsetting content can easily become widespread with Instagram failing to remove much of it. Eating disorders can stem from bullying, especially cyberbullying, due to individuals developing low self-esteem and anxiety from the constant targeting of body image. It is estimated that nearly 60% of teenagers have been bullied on social media (Anderson, 2018). This staggering statistic affirms that the majority of Instagram users have been cyberbullied which is a cause of low self-esteem, possibly aggravating the increase of anorexia. Furthermore, recent studies (Scott, 2020) have identified perfectionism, the need to appear perfect by setting unrealistic standards, as being a major influence on eating disorders, self-harm and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (Limburg, et al., 2016). Perfectionism has also been expedited due to social media as people are constantly comparing themselves or being compared to others forming a sense of imperfection. Therefore, as Instagram exacerbates cyberbullying, due to messages and comments being spread anonymously, without the tormentor facing any consequences, many can develop low self-esteem and a matter of perfectionism. The lack of accountability through social media platforms also allows cyberbullying to escalate, which has an impact on young teenagers using the platform. Consequently, teenage girls using Instagram can develop anorexia whilst using the platform as constant comparisons and distressing comments made by others on the platform can create lowered self-esteem.

Impact of Images

Instagram has a high engagement with the average time spent on the platform is 32 minutes a day (Agrawal, 2021). Continuous exposure to social media has been shown to have an impact on mental health (RSPH, 2017), with the constant images and messages of how to look better, it is easy to fall into a spiral of harmful content. Whilst many of the images shared on Instagram can portray unrealistic standards there is also the issue of influencers advertising products and diets. Often companies use celebrity figures on social platforms like Instagram to reach a wider audience in order to boost their sales. By getting a celebrity to post a few images using the product it can reach thousands if not millions of teenagers worldwide. This can have an impact on mental health for teenagers as they will see their idols promoting these products, encouraging them to try the product in order to obtain a standard of beauty. However, most often the item doesn’t do as advertised. This can have serious detriment to eating disorders as teenagers may assume that no product can make them appeal to modern-day beauty standards potentially leading to them resorting to an unhealthy diet as a way to feel achieve this ideal image. This development of an eating disorder can be especially harmful as often teenagers aren’t even aware of its impacts as they may just see it as dieting or developing a healthier lifestyle. However, on most occasions, this can lead to anorexia, especially if the sufferer is also using strict rules to control their exercise and becoming hyper-aware of their weight and eating times (Mind, 2021). These are very common symptoms of anorexia which from another’s point of view could just appear as a lifestyle choice or way of dieting, but it can be far more damaging. Therefore, the use of Images on Instagram can lead young girls aspiring to unachievable beauty standards disfiguring their self-esteem and self-worth.

Over-exposure to food

In a recent study (Larson, et al., 2014) it was discovered that repeated exposure to photographs and images of food can decrease enjoyment of eating. This has been an issue linking to eating disorders as people can be constantly shown photographs and adverts of food on their Instagram page which can cause disinterest when it comes to mealtimes. This disinterest can start to snowball into more serious issues like anorexia, whereby the sufferer can persistently refuse to eat and potentially lose their appetite completely. The study, (Larson, et al., 2014) further discusses the idea of satiation which suggests that repeated consumption, whether it be regularly eating or participating in other assignments, can result in decreased enjoyment. By constantly being visually exposed to foodstuff, a person’s stimulus can associate the visual experience to that of a real one, consequently diminishing their appetite. Consequently, teenage girls who might have an interest in recipes and food-related content could start to see a decrease in their participation at mealtimes as they may start to develop satiation towards their food, as a result of over-exposure to food.

Pro-an Content

One way Instagram can spread impactful content related to eating disorders is through accounts that post pro-ana content. These are accounts that focus on promoting anorexia. Most often they are set up by those who are also suffering from eating disorders to share photos of themselves and their unhealthy practises (Borzekowski, et al., 2010). The reason these sites are harmful is that they can often be used to encourage others to embrace eating disorders, and they are also criticised as not promoting eating disorders as mental health conditions, but rather as lifestyle choices. Suggesting eating disorders are controllable and brought on purposefully to diet or change one’s appearance, can cause further impacts for those who have fought and are still fighting the extreme struggles of an eating disorder. These accounts can also be triggering or initiate relapses of those in recovery. Although these accounts on Instagram can be hurtful, one interview for The Independent (Burton, 2013) suggests pro-ana sites and content can’t be fully to blame. Burton discussed that more than often comments are made on how celebrities or users of Instagram are either too thin or too fat, amongst other things, and this is more reason for impacting anorexia than Instagram’s platform. These unnecessary remarks often fuel the encouragement of disorders more than pro-ana accounts as they lambast the individual rather than offering them support. Nonetheless, pro-ana accounts on Instagram are still very deleterious for young sufferers as although they might not directly inflict eating disorders, they are still criticised for lowering self-esteem and self-perception, which can considerably impact one’s mental health (The Meadowglade, 2020).

Access

Many see the ability for Instagram Images and comments to be accessed globally as a negative due to the effortless ability to share unrealistic Images or hurtful comments. Meanwhile, alternative arguments suggest that Instagram’s accessibility also enables movements and campaigns to be created allowing those who have been subject to eating disorders to come forward and share their stories with others. One successful movement for eating disorders that has been spread across Instagram is the #edrecovery, this is a platform for those who were suffering from an eating disorder to show their journey to recovery. Currently, there are over 4 million posts on Instagram (Instagram, 2021) using the hashtag which can also help people feel less isolated as they can share their experiences and learn from others.

Connectivity:

As well as accessibility, Instagram also allows for positive platforms to be formed which allows people to connect with others through personal interests. Instagram’s platform allows for communities to develop which can have positive effects on teenagers who may struggle to talk and make friendships in person. This can help boost an individual’s self-esteem and self-worth. These communities also enable those who may be experiencing symptoms of eating disorders to learn about what they are going through and how to improve their wellbeing. Often, by participating in these online communities people can make connections with those who have previously suffered from eating disorders and can reach out and receive guidance and honest experiences. By surrounding sufferers with motivating communities, they are able to feel less isolated.

Instagram’s Platform Policies:

Although harmful content can be spread rapidly and effortlessly, Instagram also has many policies to ensure this content can be prevented. Whilst using the platform, users are able to report abusive comments and posts. There are also ways for accounts that continuously spread hate to be suspended if they violate the community guidelines (Instagram, 2021). Furthermore, some content has been forbidden, meaning any content mentioning these banned words or content will be immediately taken down. This includes messages encouraging self-hate, violence and threats (Instazood, 2020). These policies are all used with the aim of protecting the community on the platform. These policies are beneficial for those suffering from eating disorders as they can protect messages of harassment and threat, which can both participate in lowering one’s self-esteem.

However, there are some limitations to these policies. Whilst messages containing the banned content are taken down, it is possible to bypass them simply by misspelling words or replacing letters with symbols or numbers, people are able to avoid their contents from getting flagged up for being harmful. Despite the fact that it is still possible for other users to report these messages distributed, they can still have caused an impact, especially on teenagers who aren’t fully aware of the long-term effects of becoming exposed to this content.

In full, whilst not all messages can be easily picked up as being harmful, overall by having these restrictions in place it does ensure that for the most part, that these topics are censored which is very beneficial for those struggling with low self-esteem and eating disorders.

Positive Eating:

As mentioned previously, Instagram allows connectivity and the development of communities which can promote beneficial eating routines and more positive eating. Instagram is often used by teenagers to learn new skills and recipes through watching videos or reading posts, this information was highlighted through the questionnaire carried out for this extended project. Three of the participants discussed Instagram influencing their lifestyle by recommending new recipes for them to try out. This showcases that many people receive information from Instagram which promotes healthy eating rather than harmful diets. This also allows many of those who could be potentially suffering from eating disorders to discover new foods and recipes, inspiring them to try new ways to eat healthily.

Primary Research:

For this EPQ some primary research was completed in the form of a qualitative and quantitative questionnaire. The purpose of this was to gather realistic evidence from teenage girls in the UK and see how they compare to statistics gathered from journals and online pages. To obtain the data I wrote up a survey comprised of 14 questions (Appendix 1) and asked 20 people to fill it out. The questionnaire was distributed with a link to clarify that it was voluntary. When distributing the link, Information regarding the themes of the questionnaire were provided to ensure informed consent could be obtained. As the questionnaire had some potential trigger topics such as dieting, and exercise, participants were warned not to carry out the questionnaire if they were affected by these topics. Overall, 18 participants completed the survey and from this, it was concluded that whilst many people did not feel Instagram directly affect them, over a third of people did state that Instagram had triggered them. Another element that should be highlighted was that 72.2% of the participants felt that Instagram didn’t boost their self-esteem. This provides information to suggests that whilst many are aware Instagram doesn’t boost their self-esteem, they still use it often, which could be introducing mental health issues without the user’s awareness. There was also seen to be a link between higher usage of Instagram and lower confidence levels amongst participants. This suggests that increased usage of Instagram can cause a higher likelihood of poor mental health, particularly eating disorders if self-esteem and self-worth are damaged.

Another key element to note from this study is the high number of users being under the age of 18. Previous studies (NHS, 2015) have shown this age range to be highly susceptible to poor self-image and the development of eating disorders, demonstrating the importance of Instagram controlling adverts and product placement for this age range to prevent possible triggers and users buying products due to the adverts purposely aiming to appeal to younger users.

Discussion

A common theme for the main cause of eating disorders for young adults is development of low self-esteem and self-worth. This is the reason why Instagram is often the target of disapproval, especially when discussing the causation of eating disorders. With teenage girls commonly comparing themselves to the glamour and ideal looks presented online, it is seen as an easy way to feel more self-conscious and self-aware. This ongoing view of the impacts of social media has been supported by many studies. From the statistics gathered in the questionnaire carried out, this point can be supported as 72.2% of the study felt that Instagram didn’t boost their mental health. In support of these findings, some articles suggest the link between the level of engagement on social networking sites like Instagram, as lower self-esteem (Pantic, 2014). This is also showcased in the survey carried out as those findings also linked increased Instagram usage to low self-esteem.

Food. The most fundamental source of energy. It is the source of our strength in daily living and the centerpiece in which we establish a sense of joy, communication, and celebration. It’s the way we socialize, we socialize around food. But then, what about those who might have a negative reaction to food?

My name is Eleena and today I want to give you an insight into eating disorders and the stigmas surrounding them.

First, let’s take a deeper look at eating disorders:

According to Bartleby’s research, ‘eating disorders are defined as any range of psychological disorders characterized by abnormal or disturbed eating habits.’

‘Everyone’s experience of an eating disorder is unique; they aren’t a lifestyle choice or a cry for attention.’ (Butterfly Foundation). Eating disorders don’t care about your age, gender, ethnicity, or socio-economic status. They do not discriminate.

When people think of the word ‘eating disorder’ they think of skinny girls and troubled teenagers who want to lose weight. That is not the case. (Insert image of different body types/diversity) Eating disorders affect people from all walks of life and it is unlikely that one single factor will cause an eating disorder. People assume that anorexics become anorexic by wanting to be significantly underweight when in reality, most anorexics gain their mental illness biologically. In fact, according to the Butterfly Foundation, ‘eating disorders are much more likely to be a combination of risk factors, including your genetics, emotional factors, and cultural influences.’

My best friend suffers from anorexia nervosa. I asked her: “Why do anorexics choose to make themselves sick by starving themselves and hurting the people around them?” She replied: “The answer is simple. It is not a choice. It is a compulsion.” She developed anorexia as a coping mechanism against the judgments and comments made by her family and loved ones. There was also a biological factor that came to play as both her dad’s sisters suffered from disordered eating too.

In fact, according to the National Eating Disorders Association, ‘0.9% of women and 0.3% of men, will suffer from anorexia nervosa in their lifetime.’ That’s more than 71 million women and nearly 24 million men who will face this disease for a period of time before seeking help, some who will adapt for the rest of their lives, and others who will lose their life.

Anorexia for those who suffer is their way of coping, it is a warm safety blanket and an identity. It is a real mental disorder and is the 8th most common mental illness having the highest mortality rate of all mental illnesses. It is not a diet that young, skinny girls give to themselves in order to stay skinny.

When life feels out of control, eating disorder sufferers use the rules they have created to gain back that control. It gives them the control they long to have. These rules govern their lives. It takes away the chance, decision, and risk, and when control slips through their fingers, they make more rules to gain back that control. We all want to be in control, but addictions can arise. An eating disorder is a constant battle with yourself, it causes you to lose friendships, weaken relationships and lose yourself, you may think you’re in control but you’re not, trust me I have seen my best friend suffer for the last 9 months fighting with herself. What makes it harder to recover is the stigma around them.

The stigma that is associated with eating disorders is known to strip an individual person’s quality of life and trigger low self-esteem leading to feeling even more disconnected from the rest of the world.

We can view the stigma around eating disorders as a wall between those who are suffering and the help and supportive resources that they need to get to.

This wall constructs a pattern of poor self-esteem and additional insecurities which can lead to feelings of isolation, preventing anyone from seeking adequate support and help. This wall, for someone suffering, brings about fear of negative reactions from family and loved ones as well as embarrassment about their eating habits. This wall causes people to believe that their struggles will be dismissed and misunderstood.

Stigma perceives the idea that eating disorders are self-inflicted and makes it easy to self-blame. I will say it again, eating disorders are not a choice.

I wish my best friend wanted to personally share her story here with you all today, but stigma makes it difficult for a struggling anorexic to reach recovery and accept the fact that it is okay to speak out. Unless we change our attitudes and perceptions of eating disorders fear will keep compelling those who suffer.

“Just eat.”

This common statement is often said out loud. It surrounds the stigma that eating disorders are self-inflicted and demonstrates the public’s lack of knowledge about the highest mortality rate of mental illness. Stigma constructs the idea of how it is always the patient who is at fault since they were the ones who chose this “lifestyle choice” and that recovery is a simple matter of just eating.

Poet and educator Blythe Baird said “If you develop an eating disorder when you are already thin, to begin with, you go to the hospital. If you develop an eating disorder when you are not thin, to begin with, you are a success story.” Eating disorders are so often reduced to the super thin body type which the uneducated belief equates to mental illness. Mental illness is difficult to detect simply by looking at others and it is so easy for someone to feel pressured to conform to this appearance ideal in order to justify their eating disorder.

Weight stigma around eating disorders poses a significant threat to both psychological and physical health which has a major likeliness for depression, low self-esteem, and body dissatisfaction. Problems that can drastically interrupt everyday life.

For all the teenagers struggling with mental health issues, you shouldn’t feel the need to hide for fear of being judged by society. Nobody should. Eating disorders are something you have no control over, and no one should ever be ashamed of speaking up about them. Eating disorders are not just about food and weight.

They are a compulsion. They are an addiction. They are self-harm.

Each one of us has the power to raise awareness about eating disorders and eliminate the stigma surrounding them. We need to broaden our mindset in order to help more people get the help they require. It is so critical that we work together to create a strong community that recognizes the importance of providing someone struggling with the proper support and treatment. We must tear down society’s ideal body-shape pressures and remind the uneducated that an eating disorder is not limited by anything. It does not have a fixed gender, age, ethnicity, or sexuality.

We need to reshape the idea of an eating disorder. Breaking down these negative stigmas can contribute to more positive conversations and a healthier community. Let’s break down the silent walls and allow those who have experienced eating disorders to share their stories in the hopes of inspiring those who fear to speak up. With your help, we can raise awareness of the fact that eating disorders are mental illnesses and not a choice. By removing the stigma surrounding eating disorders, we can save lives.

Introduction

In the dimly lit corridors of the human mind, a haunting dance ensues between body and soul. This clandestine performance, known as anorexia nervosa, casts its intricate shadow over countless lives, defying the boundaries of age, gender, and culture. As we embark on a journey to unearth the enigmatic depths of this eating disorder, we find ourselves grappling with a paradoxical force that wields the power to both destroy and preserve.

Anorexia, not merely a physical ailment but a profound psychological affliction, captivates those ensnared within its grasp. Within its ever-tightening embrace, individuals succumb to the relentless pursuit of an elusive, unattainable perfection. Veiled beneath the façade of control, the disorder conceals a turbulent tempest of emotions, distorted self-perceptions, and insidious anxieties.

Understanding anorexia demands navigating the labyrinthine complexities of societal pressures, body image standards, and emotional vulnerability. It challenges us to confront the prejudices that surround mental health, while simultaneously illuminating the resilience of the human spirit in the face of adversity.

What is Anorexia Nervosa?

In the tapestry of human suffering, anorexia nervosa emerges as a complex and distressing chapter. Defined as a severe eating disorder, anorexia represents far more than a mere physical condition; it manifests as an intricate interplay between the mind, body, and soul. This essay endeavors to unravel the enigmatic web of anorexia, shedding light on its multifaceted nature and the harrowing struggles faced by those grappling with this debilitating disorder.

At its core, anorexia nervosa revolves around an obsessive pursuit of thinness and an intense fear of gaining weight. Individuals suffering from anorexia meticulously control their food intake, often depriving themselves of essential nutrients, resulting in severe weight loss. However, the roots of this disorder run deeper than a desire for a slim physique. Anorexia is a reflection of complex psychological distress, a coping mechanism to navigate emotional turbulence, and a way to gain a semblance of control in a world that may seem chaotic and overwhelming.

The distorted self-perception central to anorexia is a pivotal aspect of the disorder. Those afflicted perceive themselves as overweight, regardless of their actual weight or physical appearance. This cognitive distortion fosters a perpetual cycle of self-criticism, reinforcing the belief that achieving thinness is the key to happiness and self-worth. Consequently, self-esteem becomes intrinsically tied to body weight, leading to a relentless pursuit of an unattainable and subjective ideal.

Anorexia nervosa also thrives in the fertile ground of societal pressures and unrealistic beauty standards. In a world bombarded by media messages idealizing thinness as the epitome of beauty and success, individuals susceptible to anorexia find themselves ensnared in a constant battle between societal expectations and personal identity. The desire to conform to these unattainable norms, coupled with the longing for acceptance and belonging, can inadvertently push vulnerable minds towards the abyss of anorexia.

Furthermore, anorexia is not a solitary struggle; it affects not only the individual but also their relationships with family, friends, and the wider community. Loved ones often find themselves grappling with confusion and helplessness as they witness the gradual decline of someone they care about. Misunderstandings and stigma surrounding mental health may hinder their ability to offer support, exacerbating the isolation felt by those facing anorexia.

The journey to recovery from anorexia nervosa is marked by immense challenges, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach that addresses the physical, emotional, and psychological aspects of the disorder. Medical professionals, therapists, and dieticians play a vital role in guiding individuals towards physical stabilization and nutritional rehabilitation. Yet, it is equally imperative to recognize the significance of psychological support, nurturing a safe space for individuals to confront the emotional pain that lies beneath the surface.

Recovery is not a linear path, and relapses can occur. The complexities of anorexia demand a holistic, long-term commitment to healing. Beyond the physical and emotional components, fostering a positive body image and self-acceptance is paramount. Encouraging a shift in focus from appearance to overall health and well-being can help reshape self-identity and dismantle the shackles of anorexic thinking.

The battle against anorexia nervosa extends beyond individual efforts. Society, too, must evolve in its understanding and treatment of mental health disorders. Eradicating stigma and promoting open conversations surrounding mental well-being can create an environment where those suffering feel supported and empowered to seek help without judgment or shame.

Who Does Anorexia Affect?

Anorexia nervosa, a formidable eating disorder, casts its insidious shadow over a diverse spectrum of individuals. Contrary to common misconceptions, anorexia does not discriminate based on gender, age, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status. Instead, it infiltrates lives indiscriminately, leaving a profound impact on not only those directly afflicted but also their families, friends, and the wider community. In this essay, we explore the far-reaching effects of anorexia and its profound influence on various facets of society.

Individuals Battling Anorexia

At the epicenter of anorexia’s impact lie the individuals struggling with the disorder. Anorexia grips their minds, twisting their self-perception and coaxing them into a relentless pursuit of thinness. The physical toll of self-starvation leads to severe weight loss, malnutrition, and a myriad of health complications. The emotional toll, however, is equally devastating. Anorexia isolates its victims, robbing them of joy, spontaneity, and self-esteem. It engenders a perpetual cycle of guilt and self-loathing, as the afflicted individuals perceive their self-worth to be intrinsically tied to their ability to control their food intake and appearance.

Families and Relationships

Anorexia is not a solitary battle; its reverberations are felt deeply by the families and friends of those affected. Loved ones often oscillate between feelings of concern, fear, and frustration as they witness the gradual decline of someone they care about. Coping with the complexities of anorexia and navigating the delicate balance between support and boundaries can prove overwhelming for family members. Misunderstandings may arise, and communication barriers may strain relationships, leaving both parties feeling lost and helpless.

School and Academic Life

Anorexia can significantly impact a person’s academic performance and educational trajectory. As the disorder consumes their thoughts and energy, students may struggle to focus on their studies, leading to a decline in grades and educational engagement. Frequent absences due to medical appointments or hospitalizations may disrupt their academic progress, further exacerbating the stress and pressure they experience.

Physical Health and Healthcare System

The toll of anorexia on physical health is profound and far-reaching. Prolonged malnutrition can lead to a myriad of medical complications, including heart problems, osteoporosis, gastrointestinal issues, and hormonal imbalances. The strain on the healthcare system is substantial, as individuals with anorexia may require frequent hospitalizations, long-term medical care, and specialized treatment from a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals.

Mental Health Community

Anorexia is deeply intertwined with the broader mental health landscape. It highlights the importance of mental health awareness and underscores the need for comprehensive support and treatment for all mental health conditions. Integrating mental health services into the broader healthcare system becomes essential to address the complexities of anorexia and other eating disorders effectively.

Society and Media

The pervasive influence of societal beauty standards and unrealistic body ideals plays a significant role in perpetuating the prevalence of anorexia. The constant bombardment of media messages equating thinness with beauty and success can exacerbate body dissatisfaction and feed into the desire to attain an unattainable physical ideal. Society’s perception of anorexia may also contribute to stigma, hindering open conversations about mental health and discouraging individuals from seeking help.

Employment and Productivity

Anorexia can impact an individual’s ability to maintain steady employment and productivity. The disorder may lead to frequent absences from work due to medical treatments, therapy sessions, or hospitalizations. The emotional toll of anorexia can also affect job performance and productivity, potentially jeopardizing career opportunities and professional growth.

How Common is Anorexia?

Anorexia nervosa, a silent and insidious battle with the self, is more pervasive than many realize. Although it often hides behind closed doors and masked smiles, the prevalence of anorexia is a stark reminder of the urgency to address mental health issues in society. In this essay, we delve into the statistics and research surrounding anorexia to gain insight into its commonality and the profound impact it has on individuals and communities worldwide.

Anorexia nervosa knows no borders; it affects people across the globe, transcending geographical and cultural boundaries. Although data on the prevalence of anorexia can be challenging to obtain due to the nature of the disorder and varying reporting practices, estimates suggest that millions of individuals grapple with anorexia worldwide.

Historically, anorexia was associated primarily with young, affluent females. However, recent research highlights that anorexia affects individuals of all genders, ages, and socioeconomic backgrounds. While it remains more commonly diagnosed in females, males can also struggle with anorexia, and their experiences may be underreported due to gender biases and societal expectations.

Anorexia frequently emerges during adolescence and young adulthood, making it a critical issue to address within educational institutions and among young people. The pressure to conform to societal beauty standards, coupled with academic stress and peer influences, can exacerbate the risk of developing anorexia in this vulnerable age group.

The media’s portrayal of an unrealistic and idealized body image can significantly impact body dissatisfaction and contribute to the development of eating disorders, including anorexia. The cultural emphasis on thinness as a symbol of beauty and success can intensify feelings of inadequacy and drive the pursuit of an unattainable physical ideal.

Anorexia often occurs alongside other mental health conditions, highlighting the complex nature of the disorder. Common comorbidities include anxiety disorders, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and substance abuse. Addressing these interconnected conditions is crucial in providing comprehensive and effective treatment for individuals battling anorexia.

The prevalence of anorexia places a significant burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Individuals with anorexia may require frequent medical attention due to the physical complications arising from malnutrition and weight loss. Additionally, treating the psychological aspects of the disorder necessitates the involvement of a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals, including psychiatrists, therapists, dieticians, and medical specialists.

Despite its prevalence, anorexia often goes undetected and underreported. Stigma surrounding mental health and eating disorders can hinder individuals from seeking help, fearing judgment and societal misconceptions. Moreover, the secretive nature of anorexia may lead to delayed or missed diagnoses, exacerbating the severity of the condition and hindering timely intervention.

Anorexia can have a profound and lasting impact on an individual’s quality of life. The disorder robs individuals of their physical health, emotional well-being, and social connections. It can disrupt educational and career trajectories, impair relationships, and hinder the pursuit of personal goals and aspirations.

Early intervention is crucial in combating anorexia and improving the chances of successful recovery. Timely recognition of warning signs and symptoms, coupled with accessible and compassionate support systems, can lead to earlier diagnoses and more effective treatment outcomes.

What is the Difference Between Anorexia and Bulimia?

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are two distinct yet intertwined eating disorders that affect the lives of those afflicted. Anorexia revolves around a relentless pursuit of thinness, leading to extreme food restriction, severe weight loss, and malnutrition. Individuals suffering from anorexia often have a distorted self-perception, viewing themselves as overweight despite their actual weight or appearance.

On the other hand, bulimia is characterized by episodes of binge-eating, where individuals consume large amounts of food in a short period, followed by purging behaviors to compensate for the caloric intake. Purging methods can include self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives or diuretics, fasting, or excessive exercise. Unlike anorexia, those with bulimia usually maintain a weight within the normal range or may even be overweight.

Body image disturbances are present in both disorders, but they manifest differently. In anorexia, individuals intensely fear weight gain and strive for thinness, while in bulimia, body shape and weight are central to self-evaluation, leading to feelings of shame and guilt after binge-eating episodes.

The impact on weight and nutritional status is a significant difference between the two disorders. Anorexia results in severe weight loss, leading to emaciation and malnutrition, while bulimia often maintains a relatively stable weight or can lead to fluctuations within a normal weight range. However, it is essential to note that weight alone cannot be used as the sole indicator for diagnosing either disorder.

Both anorexia and bulimia involve a desire for control in the lives of those affected. For individuals with anorexia, controlling food intake and achieving low body weight may provide a sense of mastery over their lives. On the other hand, those with bulimia may use binging and purging behaviors as a way to cope with overwhelming emotions and stress, temporarily alleviating emotional distress through these actions.

The medical complications associated with anorexia and bulimia can also vary. Anorexia can lead to significant cardiovascular issues, electrolyte imbalances, bone density loss, and hormonal disturbances, among other complications. Bulimia, with its frequent episodes of purging, can result in electrolyte imbalances, dental problems, gastrointestinal issues, and esophageal damage due to repeated vomiting.

Though both disorders have underlying psychological factors, their profiles may differ. Anorexia is often associated with traits like perfectionism, rigidity, and an intense fear of gaining weight. Conversely, individuals with bulimia may exhibit impulsivity, mood instability, and higher levels of interpersonal conflicts.

Due to their distinct characteristics, anorexia and bulimia require tailored treatment approaches. Anorexia treatment typically focuses on nutritional rehabilitation, medical stabilization, and addressing the underlying psychological factors contributing to the disorder. Bulimia treatment often involves cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), aimed at changing dysfunctional eating patterns, managing emotions, and addressing body image concerns.

Emotional and Mental Signs of Anorexia

Emotional and mental signs lie at the heart of anorexia nervosa, providing crucial insights into the internal struggles faced by individuals grappling with this eating disorder. Beyond the visible physical changes, anorexia thrives in the realm of thoughts and emotions, creating a complex web of psychological distress.

One of the prominent emotional signs of anorexia is an obsessive focus on weight and body image. Individuals become preoccupied with their appearance, frequently weighing themselves and measuring their bodies. This obsession stems from a deep-rooted desire to gain control over feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem.

Anorexia distorts the way individuals perceive themselves. Despite being severely underweight, those affected often view themselves as overweight or even obese. This cognitive distortion reinforces their determination to pursue extreme measures to achieve an unrealistic and dangerously low weight.

The fear of gaining weight is a central emotional hallmark of anorexia. This fear extends beyond a desire to be thin; it encompasses an overwhelming dread of losing control, facing judgment, and feeling unworthy. Consequently, individuals may resort to extreme behaviors to avoid any possibility of weight gain.

Anxiety and perfectionism frequently accompany anorexia. The relentless pursuit of thinness becomes intertwined with an insatiable desire for perfection in various aspects of life. The fear of failure and the inability to meet impossibly high standards fuel anxiety, driving individuals deeper into the clutches of anorexia as they perceive strict control over their eating habits as a way to cope with emotional turmoil.

Anorexia can lead to social withdrawal and isolation. As the disorder consumes their thoughts and energy, individuals may distance themselves from friends and family to conceal their behaviors or to avoid scrutiny. Feelings of shame and guilt further perpetuate their inclination to withdraw from social interactions.

The malnutrition and intense emotional stress associated with anorexia can result in mood swings and irritability. Individuals may experience heightened emotions, alternating between periods of extreme sadness and irritability, which can further complicate relationships and contribute to their sense of alienation.

Depression often accompanies anorexia, as individuals battle feelings of hopelessness and despair. The persistent struggle with body image, coupled with the internal conflict between the desire to eat and the fear of weight gain, can lead to a profound sense of helplessness.

Anorexia gives rise to ritualistic behaviors surrounding food and eating habits. Meal times become intricate performances, with strict rules and routines dictating what, how, and when to eat. These rituals provide individuals with a sense of order and control amidst the chaos of their emotional turmoil.

Conclusion

To sum up, anorexia nervosa is a harrowing manifestation of the complexities of human emotion, body image, and societal pressures. It transcends the superficial pursuit of thinness, delving deep into the recesses of the mind, where distorted self-perceptions and emotional distress intertwine. As we have explored its various facets, it becomes evident that anorexia is far more than a physical ailment; it is a profound psychological affliction.

The emotional and mental signs of anorexia shed light on the silent struggles faced by those ensnared within its grasp. The fear of weight gain, the obsession with control, and the relentless pursuit of perfection are poignant manifestations of the turmoil within. Anorexia not only affects individuals physically but also casts its far-reaching impact on families, friends, schools, healthcare systems, and society as a whole.

Understanding anorexia demands empathy, compassion, and a commitment to eradicating the stigma surrounding mental health. By fostering open conversations and providing comprehensive support, we can empower those battling anorexia to seek help and embark on a journey towards recovery. As a society, we must strive to create an inclusive environment that embraces diversity and nurtures a positive body image, acknowledging that true well-being lies not in unattainable standards, but in self-acceptance and understanding. Only then can we offer a glimmer of hope amidst the darkness, guiding individuals towards healing, and fostering a world where anorexia no longer holds sway.

Some life experiences are harsh, and it’s not only the victims that suffer, but also the people close to them. My interest in binge eating disorder research developed from the effect it had to a lady close relative and her family. It affected all of us in general because unfortunately there was no one in the whole family or even neighbors had the knowledge of how to handle her ‘abnormal appetite’ case. Whenever she had had a rough time, she would eat uncontrollably, and she stockpiled food to consume secretly at a later time. We only came to learn later by chance that it was indeed a psychological condition. She fell ill, and she was diagnosed with hypertension. The doctor declared it was due to being overweight; we thought it was ‘normal’ considering her appetite and love for food, but no one understood that it was a way to escape from her emotions and frustrations, a disorder called binge eating. The doctor sent her to a professional who specialized in binge eating disorder immediately. The treatment included seeing psychiatrists, nutritionists, and therapists, all of which ultimately proved very effective. It was clear that with family support nutritional and psychotherapy binge eating disorder can be managed. It would have been easier for the family had anyone knew about this disorder.

Binge eating disorder is the most frequent of eating disorders. Binge eating victims exhibit two distinctive features which include consuming more food than normal people and the lack of self-control while eating food. It has been recommended that treatment of pathological eating disorders should come before treatment of obesity (De Zwaan 2001); however, treating both conditions at the same time could help lose and maintain weight. Previously researches have indicated that emotions play an important role in binge eating disorders (BED) and that people with severe binge disorder have more negative emotions. Binge eating temporarily eliminates the aversive negative emotional state. Therefore, they try to cope with their emotional distress through eating. Overweight people experience negative emotions; hence they are more susceptible to BED (Eldredge & Agras, 1996).

Different types of medical approach have been suggested and tested for treating BED. Effects of pharmacotherapy on weight loss and improving BED have suggested that medication could only help weight loss and improve BED for a short while, however, when pharmacology and behavior therapy are carried together simultaneously, the results are long-lasting. Dialectical behavior therapy is a treatment that has proven effective for borderline personality disorder. This type of behavior therapy targets emotion regulation by teaching adaptive skills to improve patient emotion capabilities. BED and obesity are major health issues and cannot always be treated through pharmacological means. Therefore, psychological treatment may be a better option (Aronne, 2002; Balsiger et al., 2000). After being diagnosed with BED the medical care provider may decide to perform other health examination due to BED effects, this test may include high cholesterol test, high blood pressure tests, heart problems tests, diabetes, GERD and some sleep-related breathing disorders. To administer the doctor may perform a physical exam, blood urine test, and sleeping disorders. The goals of BED treatment are to achieve healthy eating habits and to reduce binge eating, since these habits are as a result of negative emotions and shame which in the results to depression. The best approach is to see a psychiatrist, where the patient will learn how to exchange unhealthy habits for healthy ones and reduce bingeing episodes.

Apart from dialectical behavior therapy, other types of therapies may be included. For example, cognitive behavioral therapy, which helps the patient better cope with problems that trigger binges such as depressed mood or negative feeling about your body, and as a result, the patient learns the skill of behavior control which aids in regulating eating patterns. The other type of therapy is interpersonal psychotherapy; this therapy focuses at the patient relationship to people. It aims at improving interpersonal skills which helps reduce binge eating from problems triggered by poor communication skills and problematic relationships.

Though the exact causes of binge eating are unknown, there are some factors that influences the development of this disorder. Firstly, biological factors such as irregularities of hormones and genetic mutations, which are associated with food addictions. Social and cultural factor, such incidents of trauma like sex abuse, are also known to increase binge eating.

While 70% of people who have BED are obese, not everyone with binge eating disorder is obese. The criteria for BED treatment developed in consultation to the American Psychiatric Association’s Work Group on Eating Disorders for the DSM-IV was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. The first criterion is repeated episodes of binge eating. An episode of binge eating is characterized by the following: eating in a discrete period of time (e.g., within any two-hour period) an amount of food that is definitely larger than most people would eat during a similar period of time in similar circumstances, and a sense of lack of control over eating during the episode (e.g., a feeling that one cannot stop eating or control what or how much one is eating). The second criterion is that during most binge episodes, at least three of the following behavioral indicators of loss of control are present: eating much more rapidly than usual, eating until feeling uncomfortably full, eating large amounts of food when not feeling physically hungry, eating alone because of being embarrassed by how much one is eating, feeling disgusted with oneself, depressed or feeling very guilty after overeating. The third criterion is that binge eating causes marked distress. The fourth criterion is that binge eating occurs on average at least two days a week for six months. And the last one, binge eating does not currently meet the criteria for anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa, purging or non-purging type (Spitzer R.L., Devlin M.J., Walsh B.T. et al.).

Prescribing weight loss to a BED patient is not a cure. It can only be advised to prevent the occurrence of diseases that come with one being obese, and in such a case the advice should be given carefully so as not to provoke the patient’s self-esteem. When they develop low self-esteem, BED comes into action and worsens the situation by having the patient eat some more and more. BED can be managed by creating a friendly environment, both in school and at home, where the patient doesn’t feel judged based on, e.g., their body size. Children who are overweight are likely to be victims of bullying, which would quickly trip down their self-esteem, and sometimes worse, to develop thoughts of harming themselves. Hence, close monitoring is required, and good follow up too. Research in weight-based teasing showed that binge eating cases received at least five years of follow-up among both men and women (Eisenberg M.E., Neumark-Sztainer D., Story M., 2003).

To conclude, it is important for families to be keen on noticing certain habits, such as binge eating, and if it’s a case of concern, seek medical attention so that it can be handled early in its stages of development. BED patients are sensitive and should be accorded special attention without making them feel like they are being put on spotlight because of their condition. Listening to them and close care to them would be good to show support and encouragement. Sometimes these patients seclude themselves from other people. Family and friends should join and actively participate in the therapy sessions in order to develop and maintain close relationships and freeness to make the patient feel comfortable sharing. Nevertheless, by taking appropriate steps towards treatment and working alongside professionals and specialists, the patient will not only better understand and beat his or her struggles, but feel empowered to share them with the family.

In a world where appearance matters a lot in certain cases, everyone wants to look their best. In fact, the idealism and beliefs of modern society make us feel that no matter what we look like, we all need to be prettier, thinner, and more attractive. However, these pressures around us can sometimes lead to eating disorders as well.

Eating disorders are not the predominant criterion of fashion or research to lose weight, but they are a serious problem that is reflected in the deviations in eating behavior from which it can take a long time to recover. Although, there are a lot of possible causes in these disorders, the most believes factors to be impact on development of eating disorders are biological factors and environmental factors.

In some ways, an eating disorder can be classified as a biological illness that is believed to be inherited through genes and chromosomes. A Michigan State University study has shown that there are genetic risk factors for developing disorders. However, genetic factors are complex areas that still require further study and research progress. In other words, the genetic factors behind these disorders may not be predictive of an eating disorder, but they may contribute to the likelihood of the disorder.

On the other hand, environmental factors are much to believe as a cause of eating disorder. Especially for the influence of social media, which play an important role in idealism of perfect body size, shape, and any physical appearance. It promotes unrealistic and unhealthy myths that men, women, and sometimes teenagers believe. It makes people to believe that their body is abnormal. This cause is said to be one of the hugest factors in person’s development of an eating disorder.

Dieting is another major environmental factor leads to eating disorders. As a rule, in teenagers. Excessive dieting can lead to unhealthy life, lack of nutrition, and unstable cycle of losing and gaining weights.

As a consequence of the development of an eating disorder, there are several important effects on the individuals themselves. One of major eating disorders is referred to as bulimia nervosa. It is especially very common among adolescents. This disorder is characterized by restrictive diets. For some to achieve the figure they believed to be perfect, they start to change their eating programs. Normally, this followed by very unfortunate events, such as illness, absence of nutrition, and then some of the body’s basic functions inevitably fail. Anorexia is one more type of eating disorder. This disorder is usually a psychological condition of being afraid of gaining weight, no matter how underweight one is. Serious health consequences simply do not matter to them. Instead, they care more about their body shape and weight.

Summing up, eating disorders are complex conditions that has many types and can arise from a variety of potential cause. Once started, they can create a self-perpetuating cycle of physical and emotional destruction. Therefore, all eating disorders require special care and treatment. All causes need to be addressed for effective prevention and treatment. The earlier an eating disorder is discovered, the better the chance for recovery.

We are often told that ‘looks don’t matter’ and that ‘beauty is in the eye of the beholder’, but sadly, the eyes see what society deems perfect. We hear these sayings over and over, and yet ironically, these very ideas seem to be contradicted by our own society. If we are beautiful no matter our appearance, why does social media promote a certain body type as flawless? If we are beautiful, how come 1-10 young Australians aged 12 to 17 are self-harming because they are unhappy with their appearance? In today’s world, in fact, many people struggle with this problem themselves, and for others it can be their best friends, relatives. This is confirmed by statics. The South Australian Government’s Office for Youth commenced an online body image survey for men and women aged 10 to 30. The results presented that 82.9% of respondents had concerns about their bodies; the majority being aged 16 and 17. In this essay, I’m going to share my experience of how I transformed my toxic body image into self-love.

How does it make you feel when you look at yourself in the mirror? Pleased? Not bothered? Unsatisfied? Disgusted? When I was thirteen, it made me feel sick to look at my reflection in the mirror. My stomach would hang out over my belt, and my face was covered in acne. I felt like smashing the reflective glass, in hopes that the monster in it would disappear. My school friends labelled me as the quiet kid in the group, they teased me: “The cat pulled out your tongue”. Yes, I was quiet, but only because of the dark thoughts that tormented and screamed at me every day. They constantly said, “You’re insignificant”, “You’re tragic and worthless”. My head became a prison and I was the prisoner.

Scrolling through our Instagram feed, we see hundreds of women with size 2 waists and perfectly rounded bottoms. These highly edited images of models flooding our Instagram feed give young teens an unrealistic and warped standard of beauty. We set ourselves goals impossible to reach, and the consequences are devastating.

My life took a turn for the worst when I began running away from my problems, literally. Jogging and the gym became my sanctuary, my escape from the hateful thoughts that consumed my life. When my school friends complemented my slim waistline, I felt driven to look even more like the models I saw on social media. Eventually, exercise was not enough, I wanted to drop the kilos quicker. I began skipping a meal each day, then two, and then I just stopped eating altogether. The time I didn’t spend exercising, I spent forcing myself not to eat. Never in my life had I experienced such little control over my body; I was left in the hands of my evil manipulative, ‘friend’. After hating how I looked for so long, it was easy to give in. For the next two years, I chased the dragon. Into depression and insomnia. Into being intolerable to the cold. Into a suicide attempt and three hospitals. I chased it until all my friends disappeared and my parents dragged me to a physiatrist. I constantly told them not to worry, as what parents actually give a toss about their teenagers. Turns out, mine do. Nowadays, mum says that the real me was so hidden, she had no idea who I was. Honestly, I could not even recognize myself.

The psychiatrist diagnosed me with Anorexia nervosa, an eating disorder that causes people to obsess about their weight and what they eat. It came as a relief to myself and especially my parents; my condition finally had a name.

You know, right now, you could be sitting next to one of the almost 1 million Australians suffering from an eating disorder. Yet people do not understand how eating disorders take on a life of their own. It is far greater than anything you can control. Larger than you, your own family, and all the things you love. It has nothing to do with food and exercise. What it is, is an illness, an addiction. It fills a void, masks a pain, and forces you to punish and harm yourself.

My recovery has been hard-fought. It took me years of attempting to regain control of my life and body before I was able to modify my eating and exercising behaviors. I will never forget the first time I looked at my own reflection without wanting to see less of it.

From my experience with an eating disorder, I learned how important it is to seek help early if you feel uncomfortable in your own skin. Because by speaking out, we can decrease the shame and stigma linked with all eating disorders and give courage to millions of brave survivors.

Social media can send all sorts of messages to young people, creating an image of the ‘ideal body’. These photos we see are edited to create a flawless look. We will only truly understand reality when we look at each other. People come in all shapes and sizes. Despite years of darkness, ironically my eating disorder, anorexia nervosa, provided me with a gift. It gave me the ability to recover and forced me to realize how strong I am. I will forever grateful for what my disorder has taught me about self-love and worth. She was mean and cruel, she kicked me around, but I was able to stand up to her and give her a much-needed hug. I let her know everything was going to be OK. Like all typical mean girls, she just needed to know she was loved.