Category: Earth

Introduction

Human beings’ lives and health depend on the diversity of life on the Earth. A healthy planet provides air and water, gives food for people and other species. However, pollutions, cutting down the woods, global warming with the greenhouse effect threaten the world and its biodiversity leading to the extinction of species and damage to ecosystems at record levels. Therefore, when people endanger the Earth, they cause harm to their health and survival. If there were a project to save the planet, waste recycling would be the number one task along with sustainable consumption. Despite recent advances in the waste industry, the amount of garbage disposed of daily requires increasing recycling efforts as careless waste management is fraught with environmental and economic perils.

Main body

The Earth is a system where all the components are connected and interrelated, similar to any other universe formation. Accumulation of waste on the planet is inevitably increasing every day and leads to ecological catastrophe. The main advantage of recycling household waste is the elimination of environmentally hazardous situations caused by large landfills. Throwaways disposed at the burial sites begin to rot, resulting in the proliferation of bacteria and toxic products, which can penetrate groundwater and contaminate the soil and air. Moreover, landfills occupy massive territories, which the government could use more rationally for more worthwhile projects. Consequently, by burying synthetic garbage in the ground, humanity contributes to global warming and, ultimately, to climate change, as waste emits greenhouse gasses.

It is generally agreed that environmental pollution forced by garbage disposal affects wildlife ecology. Thus, owing to careless waste management, fauna’s natural habitat is easily destroyed by climate change, and their food is spoiled by poisonous substances appearing in the soil. For instance, increased plastic recycling can contribute to cleaner oceans and seas. Therefore, the use of recycled products will reduce the depletion of natural resources, including rainforests, lakes, and rivers, which are the areas of animal habitats.

Waste recycling has a beneficial effect on the environment and allows for more efficient use of precious resources and materials. Some may argue that sorting and recycling processes cost a significant sum of money. On the contrary, sorting household waste dramatically simplifies manufacturing products from secondary raw materials, which reduces the costs for enterprises and the prices of future products. For example, collecting waste paper can save up to 69 percent of enterprises’ energy and save about 2 tons of wood for every 1000 kg of paper products (Kumar 32). Moreover, trees absorb carbon dioxide, which also restrains the greenhouse effect on the planet. Thus, recycling is favorable for the American economy, as the costs of irreplaceable natural raw materials in the production of new goods are reduced.

Other benefits of waste sorting and recycling include the creation of new jobs as recycling organizations require staff. The popularization of eco-friendly practices will result in an increased number of plants fabricating and distributing recycled products. Thus, the business will enhance employment opportunities and boost the country’s economy. Besides, progress in the recycling procedure may promote the overall growth of technology use in other spheres of life.

Against the backdrop of global warming, ecological anxiety has arisen among citizens. According to the Pew Research Center, 60% of Americans are worried about climate change and consider it a major threat to the country (Kennedy). Moreover, 51% of U.S. residents feel helpless in the face of this peril (Kennedy). Therefore, recycling programs involving residents would help people become more responsible and connected to the fate of their environment. Furthermore, eco-life philosophy may encourage people to unite and feel that they benefit their neighborhood, society, and the planet. It is certain, that working on environmental awareness is a rather long and laborious process, which may take more than one decade. However, the level of ecological awareness is relatively high nowadays, and it means that society does not stand idly by but understands the importance of taking the measures to avert global pollution. Nevertheless, people need to be continuously informed about the threats of non-recycling and educated to reutilize properly. Thus, culture becomes the primary motivational power, which promotes successful recycling.

Conclusion

In general, recycling is an integral part of the conscious consumption concept. It assumes that people need to buy fewer things, choose products without packaging, withdraw from using disposable goods, buy high-quality, long-lived items, and recycle all the garbage which can be reused. A person, who starts to sort garbage, becomes less prone to spontaneous spending, pays more attention to what they buy and in what packaging. It is also an excellent opportunity to save money on things the population does not need. As a result, waste sorting has a positive effect on people’s lifestyles and makes them rethink their consumption attitudes

Now, at the height of the Anthropocene, humans play a decisive role in the Earth’s ecosystem. The existence of other species and the state of the planet’s resources entirely depend on people’s activity. The results of successful or unsuccessful environmental policy are instantly reflected in the world around them. Therefore, it is crucial to consume natural goods sustainably and recycle afterward to create a healthier environment, a responsible society, and an enjoyable experience of residence on the planet.

Argumentative Research Paper

We have kept track of temperature records for quite some time. These records show that the temperature of our planet is increasing as time passes by. Right now, we are in what some call a climate crisis. This means we need to act immediately and make changes to how we live each day to save our planet. If you live in a rural community, it’s likely that recycling isn’t even an option for you. This needs to change. Recycling should be not only available for everyone, but mandatory for everyone. Research shows that the average temperature of the Earth is increasing due to several human related activities such as deforestation, burning fossil fuels, and growing landfills; implementing recycling laws would slow the effects humans have on climate change.

Deforestation is happening at an insanely high rate, making a large and negative impact on our environment. Deforestation happens for multiple reasons, such as a continuously growing population and those individuals needing space for housing or finding areas to raise livestock and cattle. Every hour, roughly fifty acres of land is lost due to slash and burn agriculture (Bennett, 2017). The Amazon rainforest is home to so many different types of animals and plants, yet we continue to burn it down to free up space to raise animals to eat.

Everyone has to commute to work, school, the grocery store, and more. Unfortunately, most commuting comes from engines that burn fossil fuels. Trains, boats, cars, semis, and more all use gas or diesel, which are both fossil fuels. When fossil fuels are burned, carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere (BBC). Carbon dioxide is a gas that plants and trees need to survive, but when there’s too much being created, it gets trapped in our atmosphere, increasing the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is where gases get trapped and create a layer, making it harder for the hot air in our atmosphere to escape, increasing the temperature of the Earth. The gradual heating of the Earth’s atmosphere and surface is known as global warming (Lallanila, 2018)

Lastly, growing landfills continue to release more greenhouse gases into our atmosphere, which in turn is increasing the overall temperature of our planet. This point is possibly the most important one when trying to understand how recycling more could help us. Taking waste out of landfills and recycling or reusing the materials reduces the amount of methane gas being released from these landfills. Food that isn’t eaten ends up in landfills. The food spoils and releases methane, which is a form of greenhouse gas, into the air. One ton of methane traps just as much heat in our atmosphere as 84 tons of carbon dioxide (Bailey, 2017). In 2010, more than ten percent of all methane gas generated by humans was from the trash in landfills (Gies, 2016).

As I’ve become more environmentally conscious, I’ve started recycling in my home. Recycling makes me feel like I’m making a positive impact and slowly helping curb climate change. Overall, recycling saves energy and resources. When speaking about paper specifically, paper made from recycled material uses less than half the energy it would take to make paper from the original raw material. Roughly eighty percent of the items that end up in landfills could be recycled, but aren’t (Brucker, 2018). Part of this is because people aren’t educated enough on the benefits of recycling, or the downsides of having large amounts of trash. Plastics are usually easily recyclable, however when they aren’t, it takes an extremely long time for them to decompose. Recycling has more than just environmental perks, too. Increasing recycling in the United States would create more jobs and generate more money in our economy overall.

In conclusion, our Earth’s environment is changing because we are not making the necessary adjustments to our policies and regulations as we should. This can and will be extremely dangerous for our planet and the life on it. The United States is responsible for the most greenhouse gas emissions over any other country (Climate Action Reserve). Eventually, it will be too late and we won’t be able to fix this before it gets out of control. Creating recycling laws for the U.S. is a good start to slow the effects we have on our changing climate. We could offer more incentives to individuals and corporations who recycle. Rewarding those who participate in recycling will help encourage the positive behavior. Additionally, fining those who do not recycle recyclable products will aid in the implementation of taking recycling mainstream.

References

1. Bailey, K. (2017, February 24). How the waste industry can lead on climate change. Retrieved from https://www.waste360.com/emissions/how-waste-industry-can-lead-climate-change
2. Bennett, L. (2017, April 18). Deforestation and climate change. Retrieved from http://climate.org/deforestation-and-climate-change/
3. Brucker, D. (2018, November 14). 50 recycling & trash statistics that will make you think twice about your trash. Retrieved from https://www.rubiconglobal.com/blog-statistics-trash-recycling/
4. Climate change facts. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.climateactionreserve.org/resources/climate-change-facts/
5. Fossil fuels and greenhouse gases. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z8fn2p3/revision/1
6. Gies, E. (2016, October 25). Landfills have a huge greenhouse gas problem. here’s what we can do about it.. Retrieved from https://ensia.com/features/methane-landfills/
7. http://climate.org/deforestation-and-climate-change/
8. Lallanila, M. (2018, March 8). What is the greenhouse gas effect?. Retrieved from https://www.livescience.com/37743-greenhouse-effect.html

The society is now facing an extremely serious issue. It is considerable and it can lead to the extinction of human and all other animals on the earth. Many countries and national leaders and even us thrashing around the pollution, global warming and poverty when none of them would exist if the population is under control. We have to look closer at this issue with understanding of its causes, the effects of overpopulation and how we can terminate it.

Our population is now over 7.6 billion people in the world. This is a dramatic number that we ever heard. According to Annual Population report, the global population growth keeps increasing as the estimated world population will reach 9 billion for the next 30 years. The population of India is now 1.31 billion people. This number is nearly 40 times Australia Population but the area of India is approximately 3,200,000 square km that is about two times smaller than Australia. If we do a simple calculation the average density of India is approximately 718 people per square km compare to Australia 3 people per square km. The causes of overpopulation include the lack of contraception education, poverty and child labour.

The fertility rate is growing in most developing and poor countries. This is because, in poor countries such as in Africa, the proportion of contraception users is only 12 percent compare to Germany is 66 percent or Thailand, 64 percent. But why this rate is quite low? This is because the most contraceptive sources are rarely accessible in undeveloped countries which are devastated by poverty and leads to higher rate of child birth. Moreover, the rate of fertility is mostly in teenagers in Africa and other poor countries. In these countries, teenagers don’t have any knowledge about fertility and the sexual education is not taught in school.

Another reason that causes the overpopulation is the injustice child labour. The labour of child is still used extensively in many countries around the world. According to UNICEF there are nearly 150 million children under 16 are now working in the factory instead of going to school for education, largely in countries that child labour laws not to be cared. In these countries, child labour being seen as a source of income by penurious families. Additionally, children who begin work at young age also lose the chances to go to school for education and they should be granted, particularly when it comes to birth control as mentioned before.

Our global society have suffering, enduring and encountering numerous undesirable issues. They are caused from uncontrollable population. As the population increases, the competition for basic resource-land, food, water and energy that leads to poverty. We are fighting every day to eliminate poverty. We all know how catastrophic and horrible it is? Imagine this room is our globe, there are approximately 20 people in this room now and there are 20 cupcakes that enough for these people. What’s happened if the number of people increase up to 100 and the number of cupcakes is still the same? Exactly, there’s not many people get a cupcake? It’s the same with our global population. Nowadays, there are more than 1.3 billion people live in extremely poverty. Do you want our future one day, poverty won’t happened only in some countries, poverty will spread out over our society? That’s why we have to take action from now to eliminate and avoid it happen. However, it would be an impossible dream if the overpopulation is uncontrollable, the issue that causes other issues we are facing.

Poverty is not only the issue that causes from overpopulation. Climate change is another serious one that we are fighting against every day. Human population growth and climate change have changed hand in hand as the trees have been cut to serve more area for a huge population and that leads to increasing of CO2. China, one of the highest population countries in the world and they are facing the most serious consequence of climate change. Especially in Beijing, the air in there is the most polluted that you ever heard. Imagine every day you leave your house to work or study, the thing you look at every day is not a weather forecast but it is the air quality forecast and this is what’s happened in Beijing. Now it is the time to fix this problem by controlling the population if we don’t’ that means we will move forward to extinction of human and the earth.

Overpopulation issue is not unresolvable and us who should be ashamed of ourselves for leading this issue. We have to take the action to solve this problem. Firstly, the population in developing and poor countries need to be concerned as it is the root of the problem. We are one of the developed countries, our responsibility to help them prevent overpopulation. The poorly-implemented or the lack of sex education that led to population growth is over in many countries. We should call for improvement to be made, particularly in poorer areas of the world. Better education will give people more knowledge about the potential consequences of having sex as their relation to child birth. The Government should combine contraception with better fertility education. Therefore, people cannot apply what they have learned in to practice. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in the developing countries, there are more than 22 million would prefer to delay giving birth but there is not any contraceptive using. As a result, we should support improving access to contraceptives in these countries. The policy one child by family like it was in China should be worldwide in order to keep the world population under control.

Only individuals cannot solve the problem and change the world. Therefore, we have to hold our hands together to shape a new world, the world of happiness. I have belief in you, I have belief in us and I have belief in the union of our society that we can solve this problem. As when overpopulation will be solved, we will get rid of poverty, climate change and other issues. Now at this moment, let’s take the action for the bright future because it won’t be if we don’t take any action.

The Earth is falling from the rim of a waterfall. The sun leaving the Earth’s skin a sunburnt mess. The rain falling like shattered glass, drowning and washing away the Earth’s soul. The electric wind which howls and threatens human life. An abnormal sight today, one that will be normal to future. Sleeping flowers, wake up! Don’t you see we’re beyond our reality? Little do you know that nature is so beautiful and precious. Food that fuels us, water that energises us, medicine that heals us. For now, it is on the edge of extinction. For it may not move us, but it will dismantle future generations. As I grew up to witness a community of magical creatures within the Great Barrier Reef, I was reminded of the many opportunities we are given with nature (a sight future generations may never see). Creatures beneath the breaking waves, so diverse and colourful in all shapes and sizes. Creatures camouflaging within the corals and hiding from predators. Creatures soft as jelly, some sharp as thorns and others tough as bones. A beautiful sight. Nature will not forgive! A residential reef ripped and now clinging from the rim of the waterfall. Ships which scar the buoyant of the reef with oil. Permanent ports established to hunt. Creatures choked in oil. Creatures camouflaging in the dark. Creatures weak as smoke.

Thunder! Rain! Nothing will wash it away. An eagle who soars across the sky will see buildings ascending and piled upon areas of nature. The most advanced species to ever exist, forcing ourselves into a new lifestyle like an innocent inmate placed in a cell. Species who have all decided to target that one prey rather than scatter across the land. With boundless space, a lifestyle wouldn’t be so demanding. Money is our biggest enemy, forcing ourselves into the victim of our own ambition. Scientists of the world all in compliance that the Earth is slowly sliding from the rim of the waterfall, yet the sleeping flowers choose to cover their ears in disregard. Mother Earth. Forgive us. I ought to thank the assassins of the Earth. Humanity’s once dull lives, energised and illuminated by the assassins. The assassins who make us dance, smile and laugh. Our lives would not be the same. I came to a realisation of how far we “advanced species” have come. The ability to travel to anywhere on planet Earth under 24 hours because of planes, an experience past generations would never encounter. Jobs, economic growth, improved quality of life and excitement. Would we be living the same without them? Mother Earth. Forgive us. We were the ones who pumped toxic fumes into your air and turned it into filthy, smoky clouds. Assassins who tore apart the natural resources that belonged to you.

Assassins that used your ocean as a wasteland to dump our unwanted chemicals, sewage and waste. Assassins who killed the homes of animals so that they all become extinct. Future generations won’t be able to breathe the same air we did, swim in the ocean or see the same animals we did and for that – we’re sorry! A witch’s bloody tear which forces its way across the cheeks of the Earth. A scream of murder heard from the other side with the taste of salty tears. Mother nature will have her revenge. The smell of air full of toxic pollutants that we all live and depend on cannot be refurbished. It’s only a matter of time before billions of us choke upon our own mistakes. Growing up, I was taught to acknowledge the traditional owners of the land, the Aboriginal people.

Have we simply drove past them on a stretch of the concrete highway? A lifestyle which preserved the delicate beauty of Mother Earth for centuries cannot be ignored. One which recognised that they are the awake flowers within nature, apart of their identity. One with an inextricable connection beyond explainable. Forever ingrained in who they are with spiritual ancestors who dwell amongst them. A bond to nature like having a soulmate with unconditional affection and someone that you’d enshrine. Have we failed to recall that our very first soulmate was Mother Earth? Mother Earth’s beauty is forever maintained and persisted, but our beauty will one day end. We are a species who endeavour to fix our own mistakes. An essential human resource, food processed to the hands of consumer. Original apples so sweet, shiny and natural experienced by Adam and Eve no longer exist. A dilemma for mankind, but a crack in a wall, a builder must repair. Genetically modified apples, processed and modified in a pursuit with Mother Earth. We have failed to comprehend however, that Mother Earth will destroy us before we destroy her.

The Earth is a frozen waterfall. The dark sun laughing at the sunburnt, parched land. The rain, an extraordinary sight leaving places in an arid state. The silent wind. A lifeless, barren land is all that remains. No animals, no trees but decomposed leaves with mankind. The only source of life is Earth – our only home. If the environment perishes, we will be extinct. Regardless of fame, intelligence or wealth, it will be worthless like a pen without ink. We must beat the clock, before it beats us.

Introduction

Nature comprises many processes that recycle various elements to avoid human wastage. Nature does not waste any of its elements and recycles them all including water, air and organic fertility. Recycling of natural elements occurs in order to maintain ecological balance for survival of all living species.

However, human beings have meddled with nature so much that problems such as depletion of ozone layer and global warming are inflicting the human race adversely (Kalman and Sjonger 11). An example of a process in which nature recycles one of its constituent elements is the water cycle. By definition, the water cycle is a continuous movement of water between the earth surface and the atmosphere (Kalman and Sjonger 11).

The water moves from water bodies such as oceans and rivers into the atmosphere and vice versa. It involves several states of matter including solid, gas and liquid in which water changes its form in an unending cycle of precipitation (Kalman and Sjonger 2). The cycle involves several steps that include evaporation, precipitation, run-off and percolation. Each of these steps plays a role in continuing the water cycle.

Water cycle process

The water cycle is important in maintaining the right amount of water in nature. In addition, it facilitates the storage of underground water that is used when there is no precipitation (Olien 8). There are several steps involved in the water cycle.

They include evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, sub-surface flow and run-off (Olien 8). In all these steps, water is converted into different states of matter including liquid, gas and solid. Heat exchange is one of the processes that are involved in all the steps. In each of these steps, heat is either lost or gained.

Evaporation

This is the process by which water changes from liquid form to gaseous form (Olien 9). It is the primary process that drives the movement of water from water bodies into the atmosphere in form of water vapor. The main water bodies include oceans, sea, lakes, rivers, dams, streams and ponds.

They provide approximately 90% of the vapor in the atmosphere. The other 10% comes from plants through the process of transpiration (Olien 9). Evaporation takes place when heat from solar energy heats up water in water bodies and causes it to change from liquid to gas. On the other hand, evapotranspiration is the process of water release from the surface of plants and soil due to evaporation (Olien 10).

Transpiration contributes a very low percentage of water vapor in the water cycle. Evaporation is the main process that drives the water cycle. Afterwards, the water vapor rises to the atmosphere and the next step of condensation begins. Research has established that after water molecules rises into the atmosphere, they spend approximately 10 days before being released as precipitation.

Condensation

This is the process by which water vapor changes from vapor into liquid, and is the reverse process of evaporation (Olien 11). Condensation plays a significant part in the water cycle because it results in the formation of clouds. After clouds are formed, they possess the ability to produce precipitation.

Precipitation is the main route through which water returns to the earth surface after the process of evaporation (Olien 11). In times when clouds are not visible, water is still present but in the form of vapor and small water droplets.

Clouds are formed from the combination of these water droplets with atmospheric elements such as dust, smoke and salt. They form tiny cloud droplets that enlarge into clouds as more droplets combine with atmospheric elements. Cloud droplets have different sizes that range from 10 microns to 5 millimeter (Olien 12).

This process takes place in the higher parts of the atmosphere because the weather conditions found there encourage condensation. This is because temperatures are cooler than the lower parts of the atmosphere. As water droplets coalesce, clouds and precipitation may form at the same time. Precipitation refers to clouds in either liquid or solid form falling to the surface of the earth from the clouds (Olien 13).

Precipitation

Precipitation refers to the process by which water is discharged from the atmosphere in a liquid or solid form into the surface of the earth, be it land or water surface (Kalman and Sjonger 16). Precipitation is released from the atmosphere in many forms that include snow, hail, freezing rain, sleet or rain.

It is the main channel that returns water into the surface of the earth. In most cases, precipitation is released as rain. Some precipitation is released from the atmosphere in form of snow, which accumulates in certain places on the ground to form glaciers and icecaps. When temperatures rise during spring, they melt and the water flows back into water bodies.

These structures store water for long periods. Clouds comprise water vapor, which accumulates over a long period to form precipitation (Kalman and Sjonger 16). Precipitation happens when these droplets gain a fall velocity that is greater than the cloud updraft speed. This takes a long time because a single raindrop is made by a combination of millions of tiny cloud droplets.

Surface run-off

This is the runoff of precipitation on the surface of the earth (Kalman and Sjonger 18). When rain hits an impervious surface on the ground, it flows over the surface. This water then flows back into water bodies and evaporates to continue the cycle. It flows into lakes, rivers and streams, from which t floes into the oceans.

Approximately, a complete water cycle takes 9 days. During runoff, water may infiltrate the ground, evaporate or flow back into water bodies. Only about 30% of precipitation that falls from the atmosphere flows back into the oceans. The other 70% evaporates, infiltrates the ground or is transpired (Olien 20). Human beings can also divert surface runoff to desired places for use in agriculture.

Infiltration

This refers to the process of water movement from the earth surface into the ground. A small portion of infiltrated water is held by the shallow soil layer from which it flows horizontally and vertically through the soil layer into the atmosphere (Olien 21). Some water seeps through the ground surface and flows into streams while the rest infiltrates further into the ground and replenishes the ground-water aquifers.

If these aquifers are porous, then people can drill water holes into the aquifers to draw water for domestic and agricultural uses (Kalman and Sjonger 23). Water that infiltrates into the ground stays there for some time before seeping into streams or moving vertically to the surface from where it evaporates.

Ground water storage and discharge

Some water infiltrates into the deep regions of the earth surface and is stored there for long periods. Despite being trapped in the depths of the earth, the water moves slowly since it is part of the water cycle. Ground water is stored in structures known as aquifers. To participate effectively in the water cycle, ground water seeps through the ground and enters the main water bodies by horizontal movement.

The structure of quifers and confining soil and rock layers are the main factors that determine the speed of groundwater movement. In addition, the movement of the water depends on the permeability and porosity of the soil constituents that hold the water. Because of gravity, groundwater moves further downwards into the ground surface and may never move back to the water cycle. It remains trapped in the ground for thousands of years.

Conclusion

Nature comprises many processes that recycle various elements for reuse. Nature has no wastage and recycles all elements including water, air and organic fertility. An example of a process in which nature recycles one of its constituent element is the water cycle. By definition, water cycle is a continuous movement of water between the earth surface and the atmosphere.

The water moves from water bodies found on the surface of the earth to the atmosphere and vice versa. Steps involved in the water cycle include evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, sub-surface flow and run-off. In all these steps, water is converted into different states of matter including liquid, gas and solid. Water evaporates from the surface of the earth, moves into the atmosphere as vapor and condenses to form clouds.

These clouds fall back to the earth surface as precipitation in form of rain, sleet or snow. Some water seeps through the ground surface and flows into streams while the rest infiltrates further into the ground and replenishes the ground-water aquifers. It stays there for some time before seeping into streams or moving vertically to the surface from where it evaporates.

The water cycle is important in maintaining the right amount of water in nature. In addition, it facilitates the storage of underground water that is used when there is no precipitation or during droughts. Some water infiltrates into the deep regions of the earth surface and is stored there for long periods. Despite being trapped in the depths of the earth, the water moves slowly since it is part of the water cycle.

This report is all about how God made the moon and how the moon contributes to making the earth habitable for us, Just imagine if we didn’t have a moon well there would be no light at night that’s for sure.

Anyway let’s get started on some reasons on how the moon helps the earth be our home.

In this report, I will tell you the three main reasons on how and what the moon does to make the earth a habitable place for us to live and to help sustain life on earth.Just imagine what would we do without the moon… The moon

I found an amazing bible verse for my topic and i think it will match what I am talking about today.

“I am the lord, and there is no other.I think This bible verse explains how God created the heavens and the earth to be inhabited which means that God created the earth and the moon just for us.

firstly, let’s start with one of the main reasons on how our moon helps the earth,ok so Who could have thought that the moon could control the movement of the waves!! Well believe it or not it’s true. The position of the moon can impact the way the waves move.

This is the first reason. It is one of the main reasons why the moon contributes to the earth being habitable.

This is because of the gravitational force of the moon.If the moon was too far away than where it is today then there would be no such thing as tides or waves or they would be very little movement or hardly any movement at all!!!. There would just be water and no movement in the water, but then on the other hand the waves or tides will be too big, hazardous and dangerous if the moon was closer than it is today. But our moon is in just the right place.This is one of the reasons that supports and proves that God made the moon and the earth just for us.

Now, here is another one of the main reasons on how our moon helps the earth, so Who could have thought that the days on earth would be shorter and there would be more than a thousand days on earth if we had no moon!! Well believe it or not it’s true. And guess what you wouldn’t be able to even see five feet ahead of you at night without some sort of other light source.

This is the second reason. It is another one of the main reasons why the moon contributes to the earth being habitable.

God made the lesser light to rule the night (Genesis 1:16). This is another reason that proves that God created the moon just for us.Nights would be much, much darker. The next brightest object in the night sky is Venus. But it still wouldn’t be enough to light up the sky. A full moon is nearly two thousand times brighter than Venus is at its very brightest.

The Earth’s rotation slows down over time thanks to the gravitational force — or pull of the moon — and without it, days would go by in a blink.Earth will spin faster. The faster a planet rotates, the faster its winds blow. We see the effects of extreme rotation by looking at Jupiter, which rotates every 10 hours.If the moon never existed then Earth days will only be 6 to 12 hours.

Now here is another one of the reasons on how our moon helps the earth,so who could have possibly thought that the moon could help the earth spins on its axis and keep it steady.!! Well it’s true. The moon helps the earth be steady and not wobble around on its axis. Because of the moon’s gravitational force or pull of the moon the earth does not wobble on its axis cause the moon is like a support for the earth.

This is the third reason. It is another main reason why the moon contributes to the earth being habitable.

If the moon never existed then the earth will have been wobbling like crazy on its axis but because the moon stabilises the earth’s rotation it doesn’t wobble as much as it would have it the moon wasn’t created. This is another sign that God created the moon just for us.

First and foremost, the sun, moon, earth, and gravity all play crucial roles in our solar system. Second, the Sun is the primary star of the Solar System. Next, the Moon is the only true celestial satellite of Earth. Then, the Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only known astronomical entity capable of supporting life. Lastly, gravity, also known as gravitation, is a natural force that induces all objects of mass or energy — like planets, stars, galaxies, and even light — to gravitate toward one another.

To begin with, the sun is a star. In fact, it has been around for 4.6 billion years. Moreover, its gravity keeps the solar system together, holding everything in its orbit, from the largest planets to the smallest debris particles, in place. As a consequence, the sun is referred to as a star because it holds all the qualities of one. Furthermore, the core of the sun has a temperature of millions of degrees Celsius. Then, as a result of being much closer to Earth, the sun becomes larger and lighter. In summary, the sun is mostly composed of hydrogen and helium.

Additionally, the moon is very important in the field of Astrology, much as it is in the world of life on our earth. And so, the Moon flies all the way around the world and finishes its orbit in 27.3 days. So, the Moon evolved 4.51 billion years ago, about 50 million years after the Solar System was formed. In other words, when there is a full moon, the moon is at its brightest. In addition to that, something strange will happen, like the full moon darkening at night or the new moon covering the sun for a brief amount of time in the middle of the day.

Nevertheless, the only planet in the Universe that can sustain life is Earth. Then, Earth is the solar system’s fifth largest planet. Next, the Earth is known as ” the blue planet” because water occupies 70% of its surface. Besides that, its gravity is caused by its density. Also, its distance from the sun keeps the temperature of the Earth at a suitable degree for life. In short, carbon is the most important part of all life on Earth.

Last but not least, gravity keeps the planets in orbit around the sun and the moon in orbit around Earth. Besides, gravity is responsible for the formation of stars and planets by drawing together the substance from which they are formed. Furthermore, gravity draws not only on mass but also on light. By the way, all, including us, would float away if it did not exist. In sum, gravity is by far the weakest force we are aware of.

Space exploration helps us on earth in many ways as well as expand our knowledge of the universe. New technologies are created as well as medicines to and further cures to illnesses on earth. Jobs are created from this area and it inspires new generations to explore the sky above. Many innovations from space can even protect earth from extinction level events like meteors striking the planet.

Much of the research obtained was from NASA’s official site so the data is reliable. Some of it is recent projects that have occurred, some is from future projects that will occur, and the rest is from past projects that have been successful and helped us on earth.

Exploration into space benefits us on earth. Satellites in the atmosphere allow us to communicate with people across the globe and ask for help anywhere at any time. Satellites can also monitor weather and extreme weather events to help in the future to prevent more deaths and help more people. These satellites need international cooperation to create and maintain which brings mankind closer together. Jobs are created from the line of work which help people on earth, and it helps the countries’ economies as well. Satellites can also monitor asteroids to see if they will hit earth and if they do, they can divert it. (Space X has thought of a satellite that might be able to protect earth from these large rocks. Exploring space can help us find alternative means of energy other than fossil fuels. The sun can be explored further so that we might be able to harness its’ solar energy more efficiently. Space exploration can give us a perspective on the earth and that we need to protect it. We can monitor greenhouse gases and try to reduce the effects of global warming. New technologies are created from the exploration of space that benefit us on earth. Markets for space products and services are created to improve the economy. Countries could also form strong partnerships to get into space and explore it, bringing the world closer together. We can learn more about the earth and the universe around us. We could discover the meaning of our existence. Indirect benefits from all of this are that global health, the economy and the environment can all be improved from all the technology created. Safety and security can also be improved.

An example of way space innovation can help protect earth is to redirect asteroids from crashing into earth and causing devasting effects. DART, the double asteroid redirection test, will be the first ever method of trying to redirect an asteroid that is on its way to crash into earth. DART will launch in 2021 and crash into asteroid 65803 Didymos’ small moon in 2022. This will change the orbital period of the moon by 4.2 minutes which we will be able to measure and record the effects on earth through telescopes. If this works, it will tell us that a dangerous asteroid comes close to earth, we will be able to redirect by a small collision.

Another way that technology created for space is benefitting us here on earth is that the Galileo satellite constellation is not only providing GPS, but it is also being used to relay SOS calls to first responder. This saves roughly 2000 lives a year and in the future all satellites could have this ability to save many more lives. SOS calls could be relayed from anywhere even without places with signal.

Plant powered sensors have also been developed that send signals to space to satellites. This could help provide sustainable energy, although the plants don’t create a lot of energy now. This could therefore reduce the effects of climate change. For farms in remote places, devices can be connected and allows them to send and receive data from satellites. This can tell farmers how well their crops are doing and report on weather. This can help farmers produce the greatest yield possible and inform retailers about potential harvest. This will therefore improve quality of life of people in remote places and businesses.

Although some deaths do occur, the fatality rate is quite low (at 3.2%) and it will get lower as with every rocket gone wrong, they can improve for next time, so it won’t happen again. The more we go into space, the less deaths will occur. 544 people have been in Earth orbit which is where the 3.2% fatality rate comes from. This however doesn’t consider that some people have been up into space more than once. If this is considered, the fatality rate is only 1.3%. It is unlikely that something will go wrong in space and if it does, there are many backups on the spacecraft to prevent death.

Astronauts must understand the effects of gravity on plant life so when going further into space, it is possible to grow sustainable food to last them a long time. The ability to produce high energy, low mass food is essential which will keep astronauts healthy and will not replace other essential things on the spacecraft. ADVASC (The advanced astroculture investigation) has figured out how to preserve plants for longer so they don’t decay. This can be used back on earth to stop plants from decaying as quickly so florists and grocers can keep produce on shelves for longer. ADVASC has also contributed to national security, cancer-fighting pharmaceuticals and educational tools for students which benefits earth. ADVASC’s machine takes out ethylene which causes plants to grow, ripen and decay. They convert this into carbon dioxide and water which helps the plants grow. This can be used back on earth. This machine has been licensed and is an air purifier that destroys airborne bacteria, mould, fungi, mycotoxins, viruses and odours. The device has no filters that need changing and produces no harmful by-products. The products improve the nutrients that plants get (carbon dioxide and water). This makes quality of life for people on earth better even though it was developed for space.

Many investigations of micro-gravity (or weightlessness in space) on the immune system have taken place and they help us better understand it and potentially make it stronger to help people in space and on earth. Microgravity causes modifications in the human immune system and figuring out why this occurs could help people with immune dysfunctions on earth. Comparing blood and saliva from astronauts to people on earth can help us see the small changes. This may help scientists pinpoint the beginning of illnesses and suggest how to monitor or boost the immune system to prevent infection and disease. This can be used on earth to improve our healthcare. Other research on what causes the depression of the immune system in microgravity can help us understand immune system activation and suppression and improve treatment for diseases like arthritis and diabetes. Further research can also detect diseases, metabolic functions and immune system deficiencies quicker. Also, research of bacteria in the gut in space could help us restore bacteria in the gut and even restore immune system function. This improves the quality of life on earth as people suffering from these diseases could be cured in the future.

Biotechnology is being researched to help us get to the moon and to mars. This biotechnology can help us back here on earth significantly. With biotechnology, NASA are developing new ways to manufacture new medicines, build new habitats and more in space which can be used back on earth. Astronauts need nutrients in space so scientists are trying to develop microorganisms that create vitamins and can be drunk to provide nutrients to astronauts. This can then be used to provide nutrition to people in remote areas on earth.

Humans get many medicines from plants. Now, researchers are trying to simplify the process of turning plants into medicine. This could reduce the cost of biomanufacturing pharmaceuticals on Earth, making pharmaceuticals more affordable on earth. Also, plants could produce medicines in space. Researchers are transforming plants into medicine factories for future Mars missions. They’re genetically altering an ordinary type of lettuce so that it produces proteins to help maintain strong bones. This would help people stay healthy on this planet as well.

Waste will need to be carefully managed on Mars, so it doesn’t build up. Better ways of recycling need to be created so the waste doesn’t build up. If a more effective way of recycling is created, it could be used here on earth to help reduce waste and turn it into more useful products. Microorganisms can be used to recycle waste. Microorganisms such as yeast and algae feed on all kinds of waste. These microorganisms process this waste and it generates products that can serve as raw materials used to make essential supplies like nutrients, medicines, plastic and fuel. If this was made effective, there would be less waste on earth so less pollution.

Microgravity affects the heart and its ability to pump blood around the body which can cause some serious health issues. Research on why this happens could lead to development of countermeasures, help maintain the health of astronauts and people on earth with heart problems, and even reduce the negative effects of ageing on earth. Some of the studies also investigate insulin resistance which causes type 2 diabetes and could even find a cure for it. As cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death on earth, this research could help develop measures to slow down vascular ageing and improve the health and quality of life for everyone on earth. Research initially for people in space could help save many people’s lives on earth.

The next step in the advancement of exploring space is going to the moon again. From this information gained from going to the moon, it can be used to travel to mars and even colonise it. But why go to the moon or mars? How does it benefit us on earth? NASA will send the next people up to the moon by 2024 and make this sustainable by 2028 with the help of commercial and international partners. This is called Artemis.

The reasons to go to the moon is that it will demonstrate new technologies, capabilities, and business approaches needed for future exploration including Mars. It will also broaden NASA’s commercial and international partnerships, bringing the countries of the earth together to focus on one goal. A new generation will be inspired from this and will encourage more careers in this field of work.

From NASA’s website, Brian Dunbar (July 25th, 2019) the editor of the page states that the astronauts will:

• Find and use water and other critical resources needed for long-term exploration
• Investigate the Moon’s mysteries and learn more about our home planet and the universe
• Learn how to live and operate on the surface of another celestial body where astronauts are just three days from home
• Prove the technologies we need before sending astronauts on missions to Mars, which can take up to three years roundtrip

As NASA is sending humans to the moon to figure out how to explore mars, they must find a way to make mars habitable. To safely and comfortably explore for days at a time on the surface of the moon and mars, astronauts need suitable equipment and places to live. Almost 20 years of humans living aboard the International Space Station and an increasing amount of research carried out there are contributing in how to live on mars. This research into building habitable areas on mars can be translated to inhabitable places on earth. This could give people in these extreme areas on earth a better quality of life.

The first step to creating a sustained human presence on the moon is to build a space station like the ISS but one that orbits around the moon. This gives astronauts a safe place to stay between exploration missions and give them access to more on the moon’s surface. This is called Gateway. This will allow grater capabilities for science, more meaningful exploration, and commercial and international partnerships. If commercial flights to the moon are possible, this will greatly increase the economy and allow the average person to go into space. This is all influenced by and built on by the experiences of the space station. It will be the first-time humans would have lived on another celestial body and allow us to take long duration flights in deep space.

A main point of interest when thinking about sending astronauts up to the moon is 3D printing. As the storage on the space craft is very limited, only essentials are taken. 3D printers can be taken so spare parts, tools and materials can be created on these planets. Missions to mars will not have the capability to carry spare parts. The 3D printers can solve these issues. 3D printers do work in microgravity, so this is a viable option and will reduce the frequency of supply runs, saving a lot of money in the process. Refabricators can also be used which are 3D printers that use waste plastic materials to create the 3D printed items. This can help solve waste problem on mars as the waste can be recycled into useful products. If this works effectively, this can be used on earth on help reduce waste and turn it into useful products. The 3D printers can also be used on earth to make creating tools, spare parts more easily and allow people to have more access to these types of things.

There have been 227 spacewalks taken from the space station. All these walks have provided useful experience and knowledge for future spacewalk planning and preparation to make future walks safer and more efficient. Planning is huge for spacewalks and can take many years. The knowledge from these spacewalks can not only help future spacewalks but help us on earth to repair things in dangerous environments. Special tools are created and tested on these spacewalks to make more efficient. If these tools prove to be effective, they can be used on earth to make everyday repairs even easier.

After going to the moon and learning new knowledge, the next step will be to send humans to mars. The technology used to send humans to mars can be used back on earth to improve life. The Martian habitats will have to generate zero waste and use low energy, high yield farming systems. Designed clothes will help astronauts keep healthy whilst travelling through space as they don’t use their muscles in space. These clothes could help people on earth stay fit and healthy.

These technologies like the low energy and waste could benefit life on earth by reducing waste and helping the environment. There could also be an extinction-level event like and asteroid striking the planet. We could send some humans to live on Mars, so humans don’t go extinct Digging down into the centre of mars could uncover rock that could tell us about the origins of the universe. We could even discover water on mars which once held life. Travelling to mars also prepares us to travel even further into space to one day try and discover earth-like planets.

One of the common criticisms about advancing space exploration and space research is that “It is a waste of precious money and resources that could and should be used to improve life on Earth”, but in reality there is only so much resources available on Earth. Eventually there will not be enough supplies and resources for everyone or anyone. It is inevitable that a catastrophic global event will transpire causing humans and animals being forced to leave and inhabit the closest habitable planet from Earth due to the rate of consumption of all the materials and resources as well as the rate at which global warming is increasing nowadays.

Or maybe evacuation will be imminent to a cause that is beyond the control of humans, such as a colossal earthquake, an asteroid collision, a fast spreading illness, a chain of volcanic eruptions, a catastrophic flood, a massive uprising of toxic gases, a global famine, or maybe even a highly successful species of plant or animal that will force most if not all life on Earth to become extinct either due to competition, overhunting/overgrowth, overconsumption, or potentially all of them combined.

Eventually all life on Earth will have to vacate the planet in search for a new one, and based off of scientific studies the planet that is closest to Earth and is the most habitable out of any of the other planets in the solar system is Mars, Mars is the most habitable planet besides Earth because thanks to relatively recent studies and discoveries in September 27, 2012 there has been frozen water found through the cameras of drones.

On September 26, 2013 the Martian soil has been discovered to be fertile, found holding nutrients such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, and chloride which makes it almost perfect for growing crops, even though the soil has also been discovered to have perchlorates which are toxic, however to get rid of the perchlorates all that is needed is to pour water on the soil and the soil will no longer be toxic.

Judging by the discoveries in 2012 and 2013 about Mars having direct evidence of water and fertile soil, Mars is a great candidate for relocating life from Earth, the only problems are the fact that there is no oxygen which can be solved by having scientists living and managing several outposts on Mars that are connected to greenhouses for growing vegetation packed with oxygen so that eventually after many years the crops will be supplying the planet with oxygen.

Relocating to Mars will not just be beneficial in saving the human race but this action will also be saving 8.7 million species of animals from the Anthropocene Extinction which is happening right now due to the evolution of Homo Sapiens and is the sixth mass extinction in Earth’s history, and if not acted upon millions of species will be driven to extinction, including humans.

As of 2019 there is a total 41,415 species in the world that are endangered including plants like the Western Prairie Fringed Orchid, Rafflesia Flower, Georgia Aster, Wiggin’s Acalypha, Texas Wild Rice, and Howell’s Spectacular Thelypody as well as endangered animals such as the African Wild Dog, Amur Tiger, Great White Shark, Asian Elephant, Orangutan, Broad-Headed Snake, Trimeresurus Insularis, Polar Bear, Scalloped Hammerhead Shark, Blue Whale, Whale Shark, Philippine Eagle, and the Green Sea Turtle just to name a few.

To add to this all of the organisms on Earth either threatened with extinction or unendangered would have the possibility to survive by doing further and further research on space exploration and the probabilities of how to make Mars support life.

In conclusion, space exploration as a topic should be executed eventually for the sake of all lifeforms on Earth, a lot of the people who say that “space exploration is a waste of time, money, and resources” do not really know the consequences of staying on Earth for much longer considering as of 2019 there is approximately 12 years before the temperature of the Earth rises one degrees higher and at that point global warming will be irreversible, so hopefully before the Anthropocene Extinction commences and even if those 12 years are wasted and global warming is irreversible there will be enough knowledge about inhabiting another planet like Mars and finally in the nearby future have the technology appropriate for colonizing Mars.

CFCs have useful properties such as coolant liquids in refrigerators and aerosol sprays but studies in the 1980s revealed that they are the cause of destroying the Earth’s ozone layer. How was this problem addressed?

Introduction

Halogen derivatives are new compounds acquired when one or multiple hydrogen atoms of acyclic hydrocarbons are exchanged for an equivalent number of halogen atoms of alkenes or alkanes. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs )such as chlorine (Cl), carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and fluorine (F) are halogenated hydrocarbons that are known for contributing to ozone depletion on a global scale (“Chlorofluorocarbon | Chemical Compound | Britannica”). Their purpose was to act as non-flammable and non-toxic refrigerants (Sehested). At first, they were useful and they were used in creating aerosol sprays, fire extinguishers, and coolant liquids. They were banned in 1996 once studies showed that they were harmful to the environment, mostly the earth’s ozone layer. When CFCs are released, the process of destroying and forming ozone in the atmosphere is affected negatively, increasing the chance of depletion. Once the ozone layer is destroyed, UV radiation is able to reach the earth’s surface adversely affecting human, animal, and plant life and exposing them to various complications and diseases. This is because once chlorofluorocarbons are released into the atmosphere, they rise up to the ozone layer and the ultraviolet rays are able to hit the chlorine (Cl) atom and cause it to break away from the CFCs. Chlorine atom(s) come into contact with an ozone molecule and gains an oxygen (O) molecule, leading to the formation of chlorine monoxide.

• CFCl3 + UV → CFCl2 + Cl
• Cl + O3 → ClO + O2
• ClO + O → Cl + O2

(“The Ozone Hole”)

Chlorine is harmful and it proceeds to destroy the ozone. Tropospheric ozone is dangerous to human beings because it can lead to various conditions and infections (Stubbings). The equations below show its formation which occurs when electrical discharge arises from high-voltage appliances.

• O2 ➝ 2O
• O2 + O ➝ O3

Stratospheric ozone is the principal protective layer and it “provides the energy to split oxygen molecules into atoms” (Stubbings).

• O2 ➝ 2O (UV radiation)
• Equation displaying reaction with oxygen to form ozone: O + O2 ➝ O3
• Equation displaying absorption of UV radiation: O3 ➝ O2 + O

Since these chlorofluorocarbons were already in use, an environmentally friendly compound needed to be obtained in order to replace them. Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) were found to be the best alternative. Although they also contribute to the destruction of the earth’s ozone layer, it does so to a less harmful extent.

HFCs are organic compounds containing hydrogen (H), fluorine (F), and carbon (C). While the properties of CFCs consist of low toxicity, low flammability, and stability hydrofluorocarbons have a shorter lifetime in terms of the length of atmospheric pollution which makes them a better alternative (Sehested). Unlike CFCs, they do not contain chlorine (Cl) which means the ozone layer is less susceptible to depletion.

The economy was evidently affected by the introduction of HFCs. Industries, production companies, and various institutions faced challenges and had concerns about how the replacement of CFCs would impact them economically. For instance, production industries found that deciding how to market and influence people to dispose of their old CFC refrigerants and other products proved to be a challenge. They had to figure out how to recover their money. If we take refrigerators as an example, the coolant liquids in them contain CFCs which had already been banned. The producers still had unsold refrigerators worth millions. Knowing how to begin going about making new appliances without having a profit from the previous one required a lot of investments and was considered a big risk to the economy. During the transitional stage from CFCs to HFCs, environmentalists insisted on an immediate ban. Chemical companies argued that if the economy was to transition that fast, a shortage of coolant liquids would be a threat. This not only affected people at home but also health institutions and morgues where certain things have to be preserved through refrigeration; if cadavers or blood and organs were not preserved these institutions would face a major loss which would put them at risk both financially and legally.

As the production level of CFCs lowered, scientists’ worries also heightened due to the fear of a “research hiatus” (Holusha). They were hesitant to plan far ahead and to give estimates for years to come concerning the production and the positive and negative effects of the new alternatives. This is because they feared a repetition of loss of research like what happened when CFCs were found to be harmful. HFCs are less damaging than CFCs but this doesn’t mean that they have no negative effects at all. Hydrofluorocarbons are global warming gases. Damaging gases are still released into the atmosphere but in controllable amounts. Scientists still need to find a better solution because according to a study done by NASA, damage to the stratosphere will eventually increase over time due to the build-up of concentration of the chemicals and by the year 2050, 5 types of HFCs will contribute to global warming (“HFC Impact”).

In October 2016, the Montreal Protocol Kigali Agreement addressed the problem and came forward with the suggestion of the gradual ban of HFCs. More than 170 countries signed and it was effective from January 2019. It was agreed that developed countries should start the process of cutting down the use of HFCs in 2019 and developing countries should begin between 2024 and 2028.

A possible alternative to HFCs is hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) which have a short atmospheric lifetime but they produce toxic chemicals when broken down. The most shocking alternative suggested was CO2. It is non-flammable and non-toxic and it is a weaker greenhouse gas in comparison to HFCs (Fisher and Wilson). So far, this seems to be the best option for refrigerants.

Conclusion

The problem was addressed by applying a ban on the usage of CFCs and finding an environmentally safer alternative. HFCs were seen to be the best solution but studies then showed that they had a lasting atmospheric lifetime which would contribute to global warming in the years to come. Therefore, the problem was not completely solved but the magnitude of the problem was decreased from the initial effect of CFCs on the ozone layer. This is why the 2016 Montreal Protocol Kigali Amendment was put forward in order to find more efficacious replacements and work towards a lower-impact alternative. In conclusion, the positive effects of HFCs outweigh the negative ones but as soon as the Montreal Protocol Kigali Amendment is in full effect, the alternatives provided will work towards a safer ozone layer.

Works Cited

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