Category: Coronavirus

In this uncertain world, life is full of risk and the survivability of humanity is on test. The outbreak of pandemic Covid-19 has put on test the peoples patience, resilience and determination to survive against the unseen enemy. Many countries are imposing various forms of lockdown in order to lower the spread of Covid-19. This lockdown period has brought about many changes in the countries implementing them. Many people are taking this as a positive change and are building their skills while some are resorting to unfavourable means and causing harm to other people.

The Lockdown has brought about many changes in India. It has led people to opt for work from home and has thus led to spending more time with family members and partners. Therefore it has strengthened family relationships. With ample amount of time in hand, people are doing things that they would never have time to do earlier. Parents now have time to play with their children, while the children have time to spend with their Grandparents; families are doing many chores together with each other. Therefore it can be seen that the Covid-19 has brought colourful shades of family bonding, something which is hard to encounter in the commotion of daily life. This home bound confinement has strengthened the bonds between families which was inconceivable due to the hectic schedules of daily life. So, for families which did not get to spend much time together, covid-19 has come as a silver lining.

At a time like this when more than half of the population of the world is living under some form of lockdown, and home is considered to be the safest place in the world, this might not be true for many others. Families are complex and therefore we cannot say whether the Covid-19 is helping to strengthen family relationships or not. Moreover, not all families are same across the world. While for some, the family might be a safe place to be in, but for others, families might be the hub of mental health issues. Therefore, this lockdown has become very dangerous for such individuals. Moreover, women and children who suffer from domestic violence have no escape from their abusers during this period. Many are woefully trapped with their abusers with no place to go. After the lockdown had been imposed to control the spread of Covid-19, cases of domestic violence have been on an increase throughout the country. Since the lockdown, the number of complaints has doubled during the first week of the lockdown but later on the cases decreased, but are still more than the usual complaints received before the lockdown as per the National Commission for Women (NCW). The women are now trapped with their perpetrators inside the household and it has become difficult for them to report incidents of domestic abuse. Women have now found it difficult to approach NGO’s for any kind of help as they cannot get out of their households. As most of these complainants use e-mails to report such incidents. So, this has put women without proper internet access at a much higher risk. Most of the women in rural or semi rural areas used to write letters in the form of complaints as they are devoid of any internet facilities but due to the halt in functions of the postal services, they are not being able to approach the appropriate authorities now. Most of them do not have access to internet connection in India, especially those who live in the slums, pavements, rural and semi rural areas living in very small quarters. These women are subjected to a multitude of mental tortures everyday in various ways like finding food for the family as well as bearing the abuse from their husbands and nowhere to call. The police are already overburdened with other issues in hand and there is no proper helpline to be reached during this period. Even counselling is of no use in these cases as the NGO’s can only speak over the phone and assist but cannot go and help the victims personally.

This worrying trend is not only reported in India, it has now become a global problem with rise in domestic violence being reported in the United States of America, Turkey, South Africa, United Kingdom, Australia, China and many other countries. This horrifying trend has been discussed in the United Nations Assembly as well and all the countries are called upon to react and take effective measures to curb this menace on an urgent basis.

The State Governments in India are taking steps to curb Domestic Violence in this country. To curb Domestic Violence, the Rajasthan Government has opened a helpline number during Covid-19 Lockdown called the ‘Garima Helpline’ where women facing atrocities can lodge a complaint.

The Tamil Nadu Government, to rescue women in distress due to domestic abuse, has instilled a response system and Anganwadi workers are being placed as coordinators to receive and escalate calls of domestic violence to their immediate superiors. Some 111 counsellors have been temporarily designated as Protection Officers. Expeditious transport arrangements of the protection officers to respond to complaints of domestic abuse have been made. The police department have set up telephone counselling with the help of psychological counselling to women and children in distress. There is an emergency call number 112 which has been linked to the ‘KAVALAN SOS APP’ which is dealing with cases relating to domestic violence. Direct rescue teams have also been formed to address such issues of domestic violence.

The Delhi Commission for Women (DCW) has said that they are undertaking various measures to reach out to the women in distress like providing immediate assistance, providing mobile helpline number, providing telephone counsellors, providing a Whatsapp Helpline Number and making adequate amounts of publicity.

The National Commission for Women have taken various measures to curb domestic violence during this period. During the period of March 23rd to 31st the NCW had received 257 complaints and during the first week of the lockdown, the NCW has received 116 complaints mostly via emails. A Whatsapp number has been introduced for women to report such cases of violence. The NCW is trying to reach out to each and every complainant and closing down cases in one day or two days time. In few cases they have even transferred the women to some other place like their parents house or to some hostel. In some cases, on initiation by NCW, the police have lodged FIR’s against the husbands.

The Delhi High Court through a Writ petition has directed the Central Government to take necessary measures to curb Domestic Violence during Lockdown. It has directed the government to increase the number of temporarily appointed Protection Officers as envisaged under the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005. The bench while disposing off the petition also directed that the provisions of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 should be duly implemented. All help lines and Whatsapp numbers should be properly functional.

One of the main concerns is that the police officials are helpless as they are already overburdened with work and are continuously on duty to stop the spread of Covid-19 so they do not have time to look at other issues. A suggestion would be for the police to join hands with the civil society organisations as they alone cannot stop this and basically can decentralise the support provided to these women. They can find organisations that are working in various areas regarding this and can attach them to the local police station so that the complaints can be diverted to the local police station. Each and every case cannot be registered right now so some form of Arbitration is required at this moment for these cases.

The lockdown has been a boon as well as bane for the humanity. On one hand, some families are coming together and relationships are reviving; while on the other hand, the differences between some other families are increasing due to abuse and torture. It is definitely frustrating when people are bound to be inside a house for several days but if we convert this time and do some positive work instead then this time can be utilized in building strong relationships. While the government is doing its part to curb domestic violence in this country, we as citizens should ensure that we try to stay as positive as we can and try to spread positivity around us.

As we can see India has been under a lockdown in order to protect the people from the COVID-19 pandemic. It has been more than one month where all society is dealing with this pandemic. But here we can see that it has been a greater impact on women. COVID -19 has poses a threat to women’s livelihoods and as well as increases their burden at home.

Woman is a creation of god who is not equal brave to the man. No man have right over woman to oppress her, insult her and abuse her. Women have been faced these difficulties in every ages why it is a woman who always bear the violence of the world but still remain silent, why world not ever let a woman raise up and kept her overloaded in the difficult times and used her as an object. The same thing is repeating, women around the world is being oppressed and abused in this pandemic. In some homes people might be comfort in, some may be doing work or anything usual but somewhere a woman is still being abused in lockdown. Women do not only face the cruelty of the people but she is harassed sexually, mentally and physically. When she is persecuted she doesn’t dare to look up and fight back because she is afraid it can be worst if she takes any action against the person who is torturing her, she is helpless in this isolation. No option left for her. . No man has right to lock her in this lockdown just because they have no other thing to do except for doing wrong thing to his wife during this pandemic. If we really go in deep enough so it was only woman who helped men in his hard time, who got sacrificed for her king in the battles, who always suffered in the war, who took care of her kids when there was a war or world war. The pandemic is exposing and exploiting in equalities of all the kinds, including gender inequality. If we really thought about it, in long term it has a great impact on women in terms related to their health, rights and freedom.

The national strategy against the COVID-19 emphasis that home is the safest place to be but ironically, it become the most unsafe place for the domestic violence victims as they are forced to be live with abusers. Domestic violence can be done verbally, psychologically, sexually and financially. The men in the current atmosphere facing the fear, uncertainty, food security and unemployment leading them create the feeling of inadequacy in them. All these factors aggravate the tension in homes and lead to make women victims if those tensions. Women are trapped with their abusive partners and they have no protection regarding to it. The literature on domestic violence suggests that when men and women get employed, domestic violence tends to fall as interaction between couples reduce. But due to lockdown, peoples are interacting more to each other which created more tensions among them unnecessarily.

In recent weeks it has been seen a global surge in domestic violence. In India the National Commission for women has reported a large increase in distress calls from victims of domestic violence since the pandemic broke out. In the first week of the lockdown, several complaints has been filed and according to the report of National Commission for Women a complaint was received from a father in Rajasthan who said that his daughter had been beaten by her husband and had not been provided food since the lockdown began. There are a lot of similar incidents are there which is still not shown or come out publicly. Women are bearing all these situations and cannot do anything about it. These reports should make the government to take some measures regarding the domestic violence and should make such laws related to it so that the victims of domestic violence should not suffered. The National commission for Women has appealed to women that if there any violence has done against them they should complaint to their nearest police stations or call for State Women’s Commission for their help.

Domestic violence is already widespread in India and still it is under reported. The United Nations recognises domestic violence against women as a shadow pandemic. Not only in India, the COVID-19 has make a huge spike in domestic violence against women in countries like China, Australia, France, the United Kingdom, Spain and Bangladesh. The United Nation Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women) has urged the member-states to take prevention regarding the domestic violence against women and women should provide shelters and helplines essential services in this pandemic. As per the data compiled by the UN body, has seen an increase of 30% regarding the domestic violence since the lockdown. In Argentina, the emergency calls of domestic violence cases has increased by 25% since the lockdown has imposed and in Cyprus by 30%, in Singapore by 33% increased calls has been registered. Various measures has been taken by different countries, the French government has extended the monetary support to those organisations which are dealing with this crisis. British activists has also appealed to their government that they should release their emergency fund to those organisations which are dealing with the domestic violence issues. We need to take these precautions related to this issue seriously so that it can prevent widening of the rift between men and women in our society.

That’s why a women always should be independent and free from the prison of some cruel and godless men. Somewhere in the world women are getting a punishment without committing any sin. When a woman is a single parent, who daily goes out for her children to get them a meal to have. When she is alone on her way, she has fear she might get hurt by stranger. Living in India being a single parent living alone for her daily survival is one of the toughest task in today’s time. But in reality Society has never accepted a woman to be independent or an educated woman who could be responsible on her own. Man has no right no authority on women.

Laws are made to gives humans their rights but society is not aware of a women’s need and laws for woman should be given from the Holy Scriptures that is the best law in the world. If people read the holy book, they will understand which path is right for them. World has always been confused about a women’s rights and has always been cruel to the woman when it come to her equal rights. In today’s time an Indian women who got raped still don’t get justice in our nation, when a new born baby girl got raped and criminal didn’t get his punishment in a proper way. Laws in our country are not going to be enough until man don’t get punished for his crime. There is all solutions, proves and rights in the holy book that a woman can ever get. Safety of a woman is a big thing, she should be protected first then everything could work. The fear should be in the hearts of the criminals towards law. Domestic violence is growing day by day in the lockdown.

The action must be taken against violent husbands, fearless men, filthy guys who ever mistreated a woman. People must be aware of these cruelty being done to a woman whom she might be facing this for the rest of her life. Victim should have provided the facility of women national domestic hotline during this lockdown so if any case came to be appear then helpline service can help the victim. Just before the coronavirus lockdown was imposed in India on 25st march, a young woman rushed to her mother’s place in Delhi to save herself from the verbal and physical torture of her spouse. So se could live at peace and safe. My message to the world is that a woman always suffered and bear the violence in every case whether it is the fault of other people but only woman suffer. How an abusive relationship always involve an imbalance of power and control. An abuser uses intimidating, hurtful words. It might not be easy to identify domestic violence at first. There should be a full-stop on this violence. It can be hard to recognize or admit that you’re in an abusive relationship. No one deserve to be abused.

COVID-19 causes fear and anxiety to people around the world, its affecting people’s lives, for example, their work, school, and their social interactions. Panic will only cause more damage and it can make people make rash decisions that could be harmful at such a time, people should be aware and alert but they also should avoid panic.

The effects of the new virus

Students from mostly every affected country are using online learning to ensure their safety and well being, tourist destinations are closed for further notice to ensure that people don’t go out in crowds and groups and to isolate themselves at home. Many people are panicking and are filled with anxiety because of this new virus.

According to writer Joshua Cohen, he explains that there is so much panic to the general public in the US, People are rushing to stock toilet papers and hand sanitizers which caused a shortage in those materials. But it’s not only the US, and many other countries like Italy, China, the USA, and others, are running out of materials in their stores to have many empty shelves.

The gulf news says that the COVID-19 virus is causing more panic then SARS, it is said that the cause of the panic was because of the media and the internet that shows much fake news and panic throughout the world. (https://gulfnews.com/uae/health/coronavirus-in-uae-dont-panic-a-cough-doesnt-mean-the-virus-say-doctors-1.1580882190837)

How does the virus spread?

The virus spreads through close contact with another individual, coughing and sneezing on somebody else who is in the range of 3 to 6 feet close to another person could end up making the other person get sick according to doctor Kathy Lofy, a state health officer from Washington, which means that people should find a way to stay 6 feet apart when going out as much as possible.

If an infected person sneezes or Coughs onto a surface and another person touches that surface and then rubs his or her eyes or nose, the person might also get sick. This is something very serious because avoiding touching your eyes or nose is hard not to do and because of this, the coronavirus is spreading quickly.

It is unknown at what point a person with the virus becomes contagious, according to health care workers who are said to be operating under assumptions that the period of when the person could get contagious is about 14. Because we don’t know much about the virus, its harder for doctors to inform others how to protect themselves, and its easier for people to panic.

The best way to protect ourselves from the virus

The best way to protect ourselves is by proper handwashing to help the spread of germs, the center for disease control and prevention recommends washing hands with soap and water before and after using the bathroom, and after blowing your nose, or coughing and sneezing, and before and after caring for a patient or a family member.

Because this virus is new there is no cure or vaccine and it also seems like there is no immunity. According to Denison, the coronavirus does not offer what’s known as cross-protection. A person who had SARS in the past would not be immune to Covid-19. This means that even if you had SARS many years ago, it doesn’t mean that you cant get the coronavirus.

The best way to stay away from this virus is by prevention, so the best way to that is by isolating ourselves at home, especially for people who are older than 60, who need the best care possible. Staying at home for a long period of time can get very boring, but you must understand the circumstances we are in, we all must understand that this is a serious matter. Many people have left their homes for their silly reasons, they must understand that they could be affecting a lot of people’s health. I suggest not following their example and to stay home unless you have a valid reason to go out.

The coronavirus, COVID-19 had affected our society by causing panic, illness, and death, Which is a horrible reality but the best way to take care of ourselves is to stay calm, because panic will only make us sicker and it will cause us to feel anxious and tired, and it also can make people make rash and bad decisions, and at a time like this we don’t need that. We should all stay at home as much as possible to not only help ourselves but everyone around us.

COVID-19 (Corona virus Disease) is a disease which is caused by a virus named Corona virus. This was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Since then the virus is being spread all over the world. Now it has been identified as a global pandemic. This virus is primarily spread between people during close contact. According to WHO social distancing is the best way to prevent the spread of disease. And the people are asked to stay at home as a prevention measure. Food industry can be defined as an industry which is a complex global collective of diverse businesses that supplies most of the food consumed by the world’s population. Since people are staying home, consumer buying patterns have been changed as well. Therefore we need to evolve the marketing to strategies accordingly in crisis situations as such.

People tend to do panic buying and store the essentials since they cannot get out of the house. During a pandemic the demand for food items such as; rice, dhal, vegetables, canned food, processed food…etc go high. It is same with the items such as; toilet papers, tooth paste, sanitizers, cleaning equipment…etc. People tend to buy these things in large quantities. Therefore the sales will up. On the other hand since the demand goes higher than the supply, there can be a shortage of food and other essential items. During a period of stay-at-home people will depend more on home cooked food and canned food since they have time to cook their own food. On the other hand most of the restaurants will be closed during a period of stay-at-home. Therefore the demand for restaurant food will go down and the demand for raw and canned food items will go high. Travel restrictions will impact on tourism and hospitality which will indirectly affect on foreign exchange. During a pandemic people will tend to do online shopping rather than going to the stores. It will also affect on the industry. And when it comes to the daily wage employees, they won’t have an income since they won’t be able to work. Therefore they will have financial problems and won’t be able to buy foods and other items as they wish. And that will also (slightly) affect on food industry.

Negative sentiments and economic slowdown can be occurred during a pandemic. To overcome them marketers’’ should have some tools such as; resilience, innovation, agility and empathy. As the customers are practicing social distancing and stay-at-home, marketers’ also must reach out them where they are. For that marketers’ should evolve their marketing strategies accordingly. First of all marketers’ should be anticipate to the consumer. Social distancing and staying at home can cause some physical and mental issues to people such as; stress, loneliness, boredom, non-communicable diseases…etc. Since people cannot meet others; a new app of social media can be introduced to the market. And people can get non-communicable disease as they stay at home all day. For that the marketers’ can develop software and release it. Then the people will tend to buy them.

Leverage technology is the second marketing strategy that should be evolved. During a period of quarantine it has become a challenge to fulfill customer needs due to limited resources, stocks running out, rising online orders, prioritizing essentials…etc. Marketers can give priority to essential orders, adjust shopping hours for senior customers, and ensure fair prices. And it would be very beneficial for the marketer, if they develop an online mixed creative new delivery system to fulfill consumer needs. Amazon is an example for a company which took many measures to support their customers.

Be present in the digital world is third marketing strategy. During a period of stay-at-home people tend to use more and more online platforms through mobile devices and computers. They will tend to spend their time by using social media such as; facebook, instagram, twitter, pinterest…etc and connect with the outside world. Also people will do their shopping through online shopping. Therefore marketer can do their advertising and marketing on online platforms. Also marketers have to concern about quality, safety, cleanliness, and can promote their services through advertising companies. McDonalds is an example for a company which does their advertising focusing mainly on consumer safety.

During pandemics companies should focus on their customer experience more than ever. Marketers should give their customers the idea that they’re going to be there for them through thick and thin. Technologic giants such as; YouTube, Facebook, Microsoft, LinkedIn, Google…etc have joined their hands to give technological and financial support to the governments. They also issued a joint statement to help combat fraud and misinformation.

Transforming into a purpose-led brand is another marketing strategy that has to be evolved. It is necessary to take quarantine and lockdown measures in order to prevent spreading the disease. But this may affect the peoples’ mental and physical health. Since the kids cannot go outside to the school or to play they are stuck in their houses. If the marketers can develop a software or an app to engage these kids in something interesting, it will be useful for the adults as well. Because then they won’t have to worry about their kids unnecessarily. And the marketers can develop apps or softwares based on health and physical activities. It will be beneficial for the seniors who have health issues. Also they can introduce apps to entertain the seniors. Marketers can develop softwares to earn money while staying at home. During this period of quarantine some people might be suffering from financial issues. Therefore they will tend to buy apps or softwares which they will be able to earn money easily.

COVID-19 is a pandemic which has turned the whole world upside down. None of us can predict what will happen next or when it will end. Therefore to survive this pandemic and rise once again, marketers must stay sharp. They should understand, anticipate and fulfill the consumer needs, leverage the right technology to face the challenges and problems successfully, being considerate about the spending, and focus mainly on helping consumers to overcome their problems. Then it will help to develop a very loyal customer base which is very much necessary to expand and succeed in their business.

Abstract

An ongoing outbreak of pneumonia associated with 2019 novel coronavirus (2019- nCoV) was reported in China. The epidemiological evidence has shown a potential transmission of the 2019-nCoV during the incubation period. It is unclear if the infectivity exists during the incubation period, although a person-to-person transmission has been reported in previous studies. It was believed that 2019-nCoV was transmitted through respiratory tract and then induced pneumonia, thus molecular diagnosis based on oral swabs was used for confirmation of this disease. Likewise, patient will be released upon two times of negative detection from oral swabs. This review provides a cautionary warning that COVID-19 may be shed through multiple routes.

INTRODUCTION

Coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China has spread quickly nationwide. In December 2019, an outbreak of the novel disease COVID-19 caused by the newly identified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in Wuhan City, Hubei province, China [1]. As of March 4, 2020, more than 93,000 COVID-19 cases have been reported in 73 countries, confirmed and presumptive patients with COVID-19 have been identified, one has been previously described in detail. SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection, virus culture, and the relationship to the clinical course of COVID-19 are not fully understood. COVID-19 is one of the strongest Viral disease which causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Virus-specific vaccines and antiviral drugs are the most powerful tools to combat viral diseases. However, broad-spectrum anti-COVID19 agents still unknown. Results among different ages were commonly reported signs and symptoms at illness of fever and cough. The patients were hospitalized with radiographic evidence of pneumonia and demonstrated clinical or laboratory signs of worsening during the second week of illness.

COVID-19 can result in severe disease, including hospitalization, admission to an intensive care unit, and death, especially among children and older adults. Everyone can take actions, such as social distancing, to help slow the spread of COVID-19 and protect older adults and children from severe illness. Globally, approximately 170,000 confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) have been reported, including an estimated 7,000 deaths in approximately 150 countries [2]. Data from China have indicated that older adults, particularly those with serious underlying health conditions, are at higher risk for severe COVID-19–associated illness and death than are anger persons. Although the majority of reported COVID-19 cases in China were mild (81%), approximately 80% of deaths occurred among adults aged ≥60 years; only one (0.1%) death occurred in a person aged ≤19 years. In this review, COVID-19 cases were analyzed by age group among adults aged ≥65 years with the highest percentage of severe outcomes and among persons aged ≥85 years. In contrast, no ICU admissions or deaths were reported among persons aged ≤19 years. Globally this finding suggests that the risk for serious disease and death from COVID-19 is higher in older age groups [3].

All patients had SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in respiratory specimens, typically for 2–3 weeks after illness onset, with lowest rRT-PCR Ct values often detected in the first week. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected after reported symptom resolution the patients. Hospitalized patients showed signs of worsening for use under license, all listed references help for prevention of COVID-19.

Description of coronavirusThe coronavirus is a big family of pathogens, Fig (1). Some of them cause mild illnesses like the common cold. Others can cause fatal infections. A coronavirus gets its name from how it looks. Under an electron microscope, these pathogens exhibit spikes that resemble the angles of a crown. There are many coronaviruses that only infect animals. Some evolve in their animal hosts to infect humans. The type that infects humans was first identified in the 1960s. Since then, seven human-infecting types of coronavirus have been identified, including the new Coronavirus also known as COVID-2019. For the latest news updates, facts, and resources, please visit the Medicine Net Coronavirus COVID-19 Health Center.

On Jan. 7, 2020, Chinese health authorities announced that they had isolated the virus spreading in Wuhan. This novel coronavirus was named COVID-2019, 2019-nCoV, and was also called Wuhan coronavirus (Fig. 2). This virus resembles other serious human coronavirus types MERS and SARS in that all belong to the ‘beta’ subgrouping of virus. The CDC notes that MERS and SARS both began as infections in bats before mutating to infect humans.

Symptoms of Coronavirus (COVID-19)

The symptoms of this virus illness resemble other respiratory infections. Infected people may experience coughing and fever, as well as shortness of breath. Some patients have had vomiting, diarrhea, and similar stomach symptoms. The most severe cases have caused pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome, kidney failure, and death. According to the CDC, some infected people have few or no symptoms, whereas others may be severely ill or die from the disease. Initial estimates suggest symptoms begin after exposure from 2 – 14 days with an average of 5 days. Typical symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, coughing, and shortness of breath. Symptoms can range from mild to severe [4].

Risk for contracting a severe case of COVID-19

The most vulnerable populations for having a bad outcome with COVID-19 – including needing to be in the hospital or on a ventilator – are people over the age of 60 (especially men) with additional medical concerns. This includes people who are smokers, who have hypertension (high blood pressure) and diabetes, people who have low immune systems, people with underlying lung disease or who take medicines to suppress their immune systems because they have some sort of autoimmune condition or cancer [5,6]. These people should not be traveling, and they should not be out in crowds. They should be staying home as much as possible. And if haven’t been instructed to work from home, should ask about working from.

Patients Medical care from COVID-19

A lot of the critically ill patients wind up needing to be hospitalized for their pneumonia-like illnesses. They typically require critical care and ventilation machines that help them breath. And some need to stay on ventilators for weeks at a time. It’s this portion of patients that is most concerning. Depending on how many cases develop, providing that level of care for so many people over a number of weeks runs the risk of overwhelming the nation’s health care system pretty quickly [7,8]. Supportive care is the treatment; a large number of patients need hospitalization to obtain appropriate care. Work is underway to develop antiviral medications to combat the illness. Meanwhile the CDC says that health care workers should strive to treat the symptoms of an infection through supportive care. Researchers are also trying to develop a vaccine against the virus. So far, no vaccine has been developed for this newly discovered virus. On Jan. 28, the US Department of Health and Human Services announced that the National Institute of Health has begun to collaborate on the development of a COVID-19 vaccine. Early trials have begun, but it will likely take a year or longer before a safe, proven vaccine can be released to the public, according to HHS officials. The National Health Commission in China is collaborating with various health organizations, including the World Health Organization (WHO), to further study how severe and how contagious this virus may be. By sharing data and continuing to study the illness, health researchers worldwide hope to contribute to the development of a vaccine [9].

Virus Mutation

This is a class of virus that is known to mutate easily. Prior mutations led to the 2002-2003 SARS outbreak, in which a virus native to civet cats mutated to spread the illness to humans. In Saudi Arabia in 2012, a coronavirus that infected camels mutated to become infectious in humans, leading to the MERS outbreak. Currently, researchers have not discovered the original source of the COVID-19 coronavirus, but they suspect it came from wild animals killed and sold for food [1].

World Responded to COVID-19 infection

Authorities from China confirmed the identity of the new virus on Jan. 7, 2020, and began working with the WHO on the same day to learn more about the virus. Chinese authorities have reacted to the virus outbreak with an unprecedented lockdown of Hubei province. The travel restrictions affect millions of people in cities, airports, public transportation, workplaces, and schools have been shut down to prevent further contagion. As of 3/17/2020, the number of COVID-19 has markedly reduced and the Chinese are dismantling their emergency hospitals. Countries around the world have taken steps to prevent the further spread of the COVID-19 virus. Screening is taking place at airports, events are being canceled, schools are closing, public health officials are urging people to avoid public spaces as much as possible, and self-isolation/self-quarantines and social distancing practices are taking place. With the large outbreaks that have followed in South Korea, Europe (especially Italy) and now the US, officials are hoping that the practices being put in place will help educate the public and slow the spread of this emerging disease [10,11].

Causes and prevention of risk factors

It’s unclear exactly how contagious the new coronavirus is. It appears to spread from person to person among those in close contact. It may be spread by respiratory droplets released when someone with the virus coughs or sneezes. It may also be spread if a person touches a surface with the virus on it and then touches his or her mouth, nose or eyes. Recent travel from or residence in an area with ongoing community spread of COVID-19 as determined by CDC or WHO. Causes complications such as (a-Pneumonia in both lungs. (b-Organ failure in several organs. and finally (c-Death [12].

Prevention

Although there is no vaccine available to prevent infection with the coronavirus to reduce risk of infection. The precautions for avoiding COVID-19 as well as measuring temperature with a thermometer two times a day and monitor for fever. Also watch for cough or trouble breathing. Avoid contact with others. Do not go to work or school for this 14-day period. Discuss r work situation with r employer before returning to work. Avoid crowded places (such as shopping centers and movie theaters) and limit r activities in public. Keeping distance from others (about 6 feet or 2 meters). Preventing touch r eyes, nose or mouth if hands are not clean. Washing of hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol. Mouth and nose should cover with mask and uses of elbow or a tissue when cough or sneeze[12-16]. Throw away the used tissue. Also important to clean and disinfect surfaces often touch on a daily basis. Finally, preferable stay at home from work, school and public areas if ‘re sick, unless ‘re going to get medical care. Avoid taking public transportation if ‘re sick.

Discussion and recommendation

Clinicians of the patients with COVID-19 should anticipate that some patients may worsen in the second week of illness. Early and prolonged detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA suggest the window for diagnosis of COVID-19 is long. Although duration of infectiousness is unclear, almost data show viable virus can be cultured readily from upper respiratory tract specimens soon after illness onset [17-22]. Further investigations are needed to understand clinical, immunologic response, SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection, virus culture, and transmission, to inform clinical management and public health strategies to prevent disease spread. Coronavirus is a lipid enveloped virus and can survive on surfaces for several days; therefore, infected (confirmed / known cases) linen may pose a risk to laundry staff through textile or contaminated surfaces/PPE. Laundry operations should be able to make a final decision on whether to take the linen back to the laundry to be processed or would they like the linen in question incinerated. Thermal or chemical-thermal laundering processes. Human being have provided specific response to the TSA as follows. The infected linen should be bagged in accordance with infection control procedures [23-25]. Current decontamination guidance for the NHS states ‘After cleaning with neutral detergent, a chlorine-based disinfectant should be used, in the form of a solution at a minimum strength of 1,000ppm available chlorine’. Individual operators should consider robust procedures to collect, sort and disinfect the linen [12-16]. Additionally, the Section on Management of Linen, Page 11 of WHO’s Interim Infection Prevention and Control with a focus on Ebola provides clear guidance on managing linen. Every household and business in the UK has been advised on measures for restricting the spread of the Coronavirus (COVID-19).

Central to this advice is the need for frequent and correct hand washing as the virus can be readily spread by contact with contaminated surfaces. Over the years, we have seen reliable evidence of the effectiveness of cabinet roller towels in hygienically providing hand drying solutions to millions of users. Especially, at a time when we are fighting a high consequence air borne disease, it is vital to restrict the spread of infection to the individual, to surrounding objects/surfaces and to other people. Correct hand washing must be followed by hand drying and there is currently no public information on the safest arrangements for hand drying in washrooms either at home, in the public or work places. Most people would prefer the option of drying hands with a towel and in the current situation this means a fresh towel every time [26-38]. The use of a cabinet roller towel system will provide this option most hygienically and at incredibly sustainable scale. It will avoid the inevitable spread of infection from possibly contaminated warm blasts of moist air (warm air driers) which can carry infection throughout the wash room and to individuals present either by contact or inhalation. On the other hands, Cabinet towel system dispenses a fresh, hygienically disinfected towel portion on demand and automatically stores used towel safely away from contact with the next user. The positioning of the locked and secure cabinet and the length of towel dispensed means it is far less open to abuse or contamination from alternative use such as wiping down surfaces, discarding after catching sneezes, etc. Use of a cabinet roller towel system together with a hygienic hand wash offers a safe option for controlling the spread of infection to individuals in the Washroom [38-48]

After the Coronavirus pandemic, almost no industry declined like tourism. Reasons for the decline in tourism include government control of people’s travel, and there are tourists who cancel travel because they avoided the Coronavirus. With the international travel ban affecting more than 90% of the world’s population, tourism essentially ceased in March 2020. There are evidences show that air travel, cruises, and accommodations have been devastating. After this situation happens, what changes should the tourism industry make?

For the travel companies, it’s best not to allow too many people on the same tour project. To maintain social distance, reduce contact with other people. This requires increasing the distance between people from space and reducing the number and frequency of contacts. For example, the amusement park and the global cruise. In order to prevent infectious diseases from spreading to too many tourists, the amusement park can limit the number of tourists entering each time.

In addition, fewer tourists can bring a better tour experience. Tourists do not have to line up for long while playing, and they will not accidentally photograph people passing by. For the global cruise, it is important to limit the number of tourists and check the health status of tourists before boarding. During this outbreak, many cruise ships were unable to dock and many healthy people become infected. When the Coronavirus just start the outbreak, there are no countries that let them dock. The travel companies should not make profits to keep the number of people on the tour large, which would be disastrous if there were an accident. After the coronavirus, the government should regulate the number of people in tourist attractions.

After experiencing the coronavirus, people tend to prefer personal tips and short distance travel. People’s preferences for travel will be very different because of the Coronavirus, and things that people wouldn’t care about before will be taken care of now. People in the future should consider noticing social distance when they travel, so more personal travel becomes important. The reason people prefer more personal travel is that the risk of contracting the disease while traveling by airplane or ship is too high. Short distance tourism will be developed. The environment for short distance travel is not much different from the place of residence of tourists, whether it is cultural or spatial. This means that the two places are basically at an infection risk level, which means that the attractions and your home are basically within the same range of the virus.

The coronavirus has developed into a devastating level of threat to our nation’s security. More funding is needed for this rapid spreading virus to help aid in finding treatments for this virus. On January 31, 2020, the Health and Human Services announced a concerning health message for citizens of the United States to help aid in the nation’s healthcare community. On February 24, 2020, the Trump administration asked congress for more funding to be provided for the coronavirus project. With many politics arising from this epidemic, funding is needed more than ever if we are ever going to be able to have a hold of the situation. Furthermore, I agree that more funds are needed to help secure the spreading contagious virus. Without the proper funds needed for the coronavirus, our world as we know it may change.

The Trump administration has asked congress for over a billion dollars to help “get ahead” and control and treat the coronavirus (Weiland, 2020). Asking for this much money to be diverted just shows us how long it’s going to take to get control of the epidemic. With the administration plan, the money would be used and funded by diverting some money away from less serious causes. The request made from the administration, who asked for $1.25 billion in money to be transferred from other federal programs just shows the importance of this new threat. The funds would be used for more research of the virus, the search for a cure, and emergency medical supplies in a letter to congress. The letter also provided the administration was ready and waiting to send help in gaining control of the developing issue. (Weiland, 2020). Even if the administration could not get the funding approved in a timely manner, the Trump administration stated if needed, they could move money from other federal accounts to fund the coronavirus outbreak such as transferring funds from other federal programs.

The administration wants to transfer an additional $535 million in funding for the coronavirus from an Ebola protection federal account. Many democratic representatives have turned against this idea saying that the funds simply can’t just be diverted from another federal program. What many people aren’t seeing is the importance of controlling this virus before we become like China. Diverting or cutting funds from federal programs such as the wildlife foundation to help in aiding in the prevention of the coronavirus outbreak is the goal and plan for the Trump administration and shows how important this issue is. This just shows how serious this outbreak is. Many airports and borders simply don’t have the funding, nor equipment needed in screening for the coronavirus. Local health officials around the country have claimed they need more funding in order to have a better screening process for individuals coming into the country. (Weiland, 2020). This just shows how easy it is for anyone coming into the United States to pass by without being screened. Not only will funding help in the spread and prevention of the coronavirus, but it can also help in having an advanced screening process for incoming individuals that have been traveling . Furthermore, with flights being suspended to and from China, this could also have a huge effect on the United States stock and trade markets. China is ranked second in the world for having the largest economy. Many trades, goods, and imports that the United States receive and ship out to come from China. If we do not get the proper funding needed to control the coronavirus, the United States stock market and revenue will further decline.

Stock markets have been declining due to the outbreak and fear from citizens. It could even worsen the international trade situation if goods and people can’t get in or out of the country. Some forecasting firms are already estimating a sizable reduction in economic growth in the first quarter. Goldman Sachs estimates the crisis could cut as much as 0.5 percentage points off U.S. gross domestic product (Bartash, 2020). Funding is needed fast if we are going to be able to maintain the stock market of our economy. Wall street has been paying close attention to this epidemic. In January, the ISM survey of American manufacturers index fell below the 50% range.. Without proper funding for the coronavirus, our economy will suffer by having more cases of the virus and less revenue from trade and stocks related to the United States closing traveling and trading to and from China. Getting ahold of this outbreak before it reaches maximum impact is necessary. More than 44,000 cases have been confirmed in China. Already around 1,100 of those victims have died from this deadly virus. Unemployment rate in China has increased dramatically. “The job outlook is certain to worsen with the unemployment rate likely to rise to 5.3%” (Kalinoski, 2020) . Major franchises such as Ikea, Starbucks, and Mcdonald’s have closed down many stores in China due to the outbreak. This also shows what could happen to the United States if we do not get the situation under control. This also shows how with all of these stores closing down how bad it is affecting China’s economic climate. Several more outbreaks have now been confirmed nationwide including Italy, Canada, and Russia.

There are now more than 20 confirmed cases in the United States. “Our window of opportunity [for containing the virus] is narrowing, so we need to act quickly before it closes completely,” World Health Organization director-general Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said. (Stieb, 2020). Trump administration officials have reportedly expressed concerns that the coronavirus is spreading undetected inside the U.S., the possibility of political blowback could soon affect the White House’s response to the outbreak. This can also lead to many arising problems with the upcoming election. If the coronavirus is spreading under our radar undetected, many citizens are currently at a higher risk of being exposed to the virus. Without the proper medical equipment and supplies needed, hospitals and other facilities will not be prepared for the outbreak. This virus shows us how unprepared we are to deal with biological threats. Even though these outbreaks are in a sense predictable, each one presents a unique puzzle to public health officials (Hamburg, 2020). This also shows the great importance of how desperately we need funding for the coronavirus.

Other problems have included the strain on health-care systems and supply chains, in addition to the various ways outbreaks of disease disrupt people’s day-to-day lives, communities, and workplaces. Specific to the U.S., the potential political impact of an outbreak in an election year shouldn’t be underestimated (Stieb, 2020). In conclusion, The United States needs the proper funding in order to have a sense and control of the coronavirus. Many more cases are developing everyday and it’s just a matter of time before more outbreaks start to happen in the United States undetected. Having the funds quickly will help better prepare the United States for more outbreaks of the coronavirus that are destined to come in the future. Getting a hold of this virus before it becomes pandemic is essential. Having the necessary medical supplies and a screening programs are imperative and will help aid in the fight again the coronavirus.

References

1. Bartash, J. (2020, February 3). Coronavirus spreads damage to Wall Street. Could the U.S. economy be next? Retrieved February 25, 2020, from https://www.marketwatch.com/story/coronavirus-spreads-damage-to-wall-street-could-the-us-economy-be-next-2020-02-01
2. CDC. (2020, February 23). 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Situation Summary. Retrieved February 25, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/summary.html
3. HAMBURG M, SMOLINSKI M. This Outbreak Is a Wake-Up Call. Newsweek Global. 2020;174(4):22-33. http://search.ebscohost.com.northeasttexas.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=141559415&site=ehost-live. Accessed February 25, 2020
4. KALINOSKI GJ. China’s coronavirus catastrophe. Fairfield County Business Journal. 2020;56(7):3. http://search.ebscohost.com.northeasttexas.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bwh&AN=141798399&site=ehost-live. Accessed February 25, 2020
5. Stieb, M., & Danner, C. (2020, February 24). Why Trump’s Coronavirus Response Continues to Cause Concerns. Retrieved February 25, 2020, from https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2020/02/what-we-know-about-the-trump-admins-response-to-coronavirus.html
6. Taylor, A. (2020, February 24). Retrieved February 25, 2020, from https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory/white-house-readying-coronavirus-response-request-69177192
7. Weiland, N. (2020, February 24). White House Will Ask Congress for Emergency Coronavirus Funds. Retrieved February 25, 2020, from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/24/us/politics/trump-coronavirus-response.html

Introduction

Coronavirus is one of the most important and seriousness events nowadays. Its just a virus but it horrify the whole world because of the huge numbers of Corona victims and deaths. Starting from China to all around the world, leaving behind it a human casualties, deaths, health, economic and financial losses. As a result of all these events in a short period of time this research will discuss the economic, health and financial effects of coronavirus.

Literature review

Coronavirus leaving behind it a health, economic and financial effects and losses. According to Dr Ness (2020), because coronavirus is new in the ill yard, still we don’t know all the symptoms of this virus. But what the doctors observe it in most patients are identically symptoms. There are a different levels of symptoms starting from dry cough then moving to dangerous symptoms which is, shortness breathing, pneumonia which leads to pulmonary and intestinal damage. Some patients complained from nausea and diarrhea, but its not common. symptoms stretch to liver damage and kidneys damage, also it causes heart rhythm disorder and immune systems.In addition, Mckeever (2020), says coronavirus can effect or cause acute kidney damage extending to kidney failure because the virus aiming and enters to kidney tubes which working to filtering the blood, so it causes it’s inflammation and it’s forcing and stopping the kidney to filtering the blood. Since the appearance of coronavirus until 9th of March China has lost one third of the value of the oil and the parentage of sales in London, Paris and Frankfurt have been decreased between 7% to 8%. Unfortunately the British regional airlines company -Flybe- canceled it’s flights since the 6th of March. Also the IATA expected the revenue will decreased to 113 billion dollars this year ( Hutt , 2020). Moreover coronavirus effect the aviation and airline’s as Spinks (2020) states that, because of this virus so many airlines losses in their shares value, for example France Air have lose their value of their shares 13% in this month, even the Royal Caribbean Airlines have loss 20 dollars for each shares this year. And we don’t forgets the financial effects which causes by coronavirus for the business men, for example the last Monday was the worst day for the Wall Streets for more than 10 years ( Morsley, 2020 ).

Discussion

As a result of this sudden virus it also effect the whole world in so many suddenly side, the health side like kidney damage and heart rhythm disorder which leads to death and still the doctors they don’t find any cure for it. Also isn’t in health side only it’s extended to the economic side like, low oil prices in China and low percentage sales in some Europe countries to achieve 7% and 8% losses. Moreover so many airlines companies even have been effected such IATA which expect to lose more than 113 billion dollars this year! Finally this virus also effects the financial side for all kind of companies with out exception starting from popular shops to the aviation industry and companies, like how France air it share price fell and Royal Caribbean where they lose 20 dollars for each share through this year.

4Conclusion

At the end of this research we hope its provide an explanation which present the effects of coronavirus which are, health, economic and financial effects for whole the world, summarized in kidney damage and heart rhythm disorder leading to death and economic losses in oil and aviation and low shares prices and low sales percentage starting from popular shops then extending to governmental companies. And I found these sources useful and included all the points which I aimed it.

Reference

1. Hutt.R.,(2020).The economic effects of COVID-19 around the world.Retrieved from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/02/coronavirus-economic-effects-global-economy-trade-travel/
2. Horsley.S.,(2020).The Coronavirus’ Impact On Financial Markets And The Economy.Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/2020/03/10/813922161/the-impact-of-the-coronavirus-on-financial-markets-and-the-economy
3. Mckeever.A.,(2020).Here’s what coronavirus does to the body.Retrieved from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/02/here-is-what-coronavirus-does-to-the-body/#close
4. Spinks.R.,(2020).Coronavirus’ Effect on the Travel Industry Deepens as Global Emergency Is Declared.Retrieved from https://skift.com/2020/01/30/coronavirus-effect-on-the-travel-industry-deepens-as-global-emergency-is-declared/?utm_source=HospitalityNet&utm_medium=referral
5. Ness.W.,(2020).The Complete Guide to the Coronavirus (COVID-19): Symptoms, Prevention. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.om/books?id=3MXTDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=effect+of+coronavirus&hl=ar&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwio2-LLspLoAhX1snEKHSEdCq0Q6AEILDAB#v=onepage&q=effect%20of%20coronavirus&f=false

The COVID-19 pandemic has created an unprecedented crisis throughout the global population. Western social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram, as well as their Chinese counterparts (such as WeChat and Weibo) are at the heart of this crisis. These platforms can act as multipliers and facilitators of COVID-19 related misinformation. This perpetration of misinformation encompasses outbreak response and increases confusion of what sources to trust. It also generates fear due to unsupported rumours, while simultaneously promoting bigoted and xenophobic forms of digital vigilantism and incrimination.

Rumours circulated on social media has been a primary pervasive form of misinformation during this crisis. One popular social media theory circulated on social media stated that the virus was developed as a means to wage a biological war against China. In China, a rumour was started on their social media platforms that bioweapons research in a Wuhan laboratory resulted in the genetic engineering of COVID-19 that was then released. Such rumours have made it difficult for West and Chinese scientists to collaborate and develop a vaccine for the virus together. Dubious, exaggerated and untrue medical claims and hoaxes have also been widely circulated on social media platforms during this time. Various unproven traditional and natural remedies were suggested as cures to both COVID-19 and Ebola. One of them that was particularly popular in Iran via Twitter, was that drinks that contained mint and spices like turmeric or saffron could help cure these viruses.

This pandemic has also caused us to live in a post-truth society—one where subjective truths and unverified opinions rival hard scientific facts in the public sphere. The need for evidence to support arguments is no longer an urgency, while social norms for holding people accountable for what they say is weakened. This leads to scientists and other experts losing legitimacy in the eyes of the public because what they say is no longer valid. The impact of social media misinformation during such a crisis can be even more pronounced because of a phenomenon called ‘confirmation bias’—the tendency to accept statements that reinforce our established views and downplay those that are contrary to them.

However, in this digital age we cannot completely forego social media because it is still the centre of most breaking news. Misinformation via social media can be reduced after developing coordinated global response strategies. Social media platforms should be at the heart of these strategies, as their response and willingness to cooperate with the government and authorities will determine whether social media is viewed as a beneficial or detrimental route to this pandemic response. Right now, it’s imperative to create mechanisms and policies that address the digital information and curtail the spread of misinformation about such viruses. Without this, efforts to curtail COVID-19 will be hindered by panic and confusion at a time when the world need to come together in solidarity to put a stop to this pandemic.

On March 11, 2020 Coronavirus was confirmed as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). A pandemic is a disease that is spreading in multiple countries globally at the same time. That caused most of the countries to take urgent actions to respond to their own outbreak. The novel Coronavirus has been known as COVID-19. Recently, nearly all governments instituted social distancing or social restriction measures in their countries. Due to all these restrictions and measures, people are home now, as they can’t be physically and socially active. As a result, there is a sharp increase in the subcultures’ role of social media and internet communities.

In Canada, from the beginning of the crisis, I noticed a lot of posts in many community Facebook groups I followed, where people were looking for places to buy Lysol or N95 masks as these items were sold out in stores. This high demand resulted in an indirect branding for those products as most people got the impression to have them urgently to protect themselves from being inflicted. As a result, many people used their ‘insider’ knowledge to create DIY videos/posts to help others make their masks, hand sanitizers, and cheap effective disinfectant for house cleaning. This can be called ‘bricolage’ which refers “to a do-it-yourself (DIY) tinkering process where you make something new out of other things”. Accordingly, many people are now using different social media like Instagram or YouTube to learn how to use the available stuff in their houses and craft or make their needed things; for example, to make masks out of the material like wet tissues, bags, and coverings or gloves out of plastic bags.

Another form of ‘bricolage’ is internet communities that were sent to my email as the result of the pandemic. These are “exercise coteries that have risen online because of ‘shelter in place’ restrictions” like online gymnastics classes where some modified exercises using available things at homes are practiced. This is the one my kids are now practicing online unlimited classes with the symbolic fees for the whole family being only $40. So, they are exercising at home instead of going to the gym physically. And they even offer online birthday parties for free.

At the same time, during the COVID-19 pandemic, different subculture groups have changed their normal way of reacting or responding to people’s needs. As an example, we saw that a mother posted her son’s sadness on his birthday for not having a birthday party and then a group of police cars went to the son’s house, horned and sang ‘Happy Birthday’ for the son, making it both a special day for the son and an effective story on the media. As we know, it’s not normal in police subculture to react like that to a message on twitter; however, the current pandemic situation brings about such reactions to messages on social media because the police force understands that young kids can’t understand what is going on during this period and why they can’t invite their friends to a birthday party, so having the authority to do such manoeuvres, they tried to compensate for the restrictions for young kids.

The other prevalent element on social media during this pandemic was the rise of grassroots productions of expressive cultural forms that were dominant among all social media platforms. As can be observed, people try to create their way to cope with this unexpected situation, using a variety of expressive cultural activities such as posting/ sharing so many music, memes, branks and vidding. According to Wikipedia, vidding is “the fan labour practice in the media fandom of creating music videos from the footage of one or more visual media sources, thereby exploring the source itself in a new way”. Vidding was widely used during this Quarantine to give people fun by doing grassroots, filmmaking or video making, and adding music to the images/videos. Furthermore, Pinkfrog company, who has been known after the “Baby Shark” song, launched a “Hand Wash Challenge” song with especial dance as a backup to help parents encourage their kids to bump up their hygiene in a funny way during this global pandemic.

Social media platforms have also helped dominant cultures, such as government, to create new rules/laws and take measures during this hard time. Through social media, people have also shared pictures/videos requesting the government to close parks as so many irresponsible people are gathering and enjoying their time, deviating social distance regulations. Besides, sharing posts about the availability or the prices of in-demand items (sanitizers, wipes, toilet paper, etc.) can also help online marketplaces (Facebook marketplace, Amazon, Kijiji, etc.) to block people from selling them at a higher price. For example, reacting to viral images about selling containers of wipe several times higher than its normal price in a Food store, the Ontario premier, Doug Ford, announced that price gouging would be made illegal in the Cabinet meeting.

In sum, we are witnessing the social media playing a more active and diverse role in everyone’s life making all people from any race or culture share their messages, photos, videos, etc. for different purposes ranging from sharing information, preventing crime, stabilizing market prices, helping others satisfy their needs, having fun in their loneliness, educating each other and lots of others. This is exactly what is called ‘cultural adaptations’ through which people change their behaviour and their surroundings to “accommodate hazards frequently”. The degree of the modification and adaptation depends on the frequency of the hazardous happening, how unexpectable was the event, the severity of the consequences, and its geographical scope.