Category: Community

Control And Reduction Of Racial Profiling

The current practice of racial profiling has been used significantly all around the world for centuries, demonstrating the need for control and monitoring to prevent and incite change. Gathering facts, statistics, and stories from the local news will further explain why racial profiling needs to be put to an end. Some issues that have occurred as a result of racial profiling would include unreasonable search and seizures, stop and frisk, and their impacts. Implementing guidelines to control racial profiling and creating new policies/programs could help reduce or even eliminate racial profiling. Pundik states “that racial profiling is offensive even if statistically reliable, adding that profiling methods stigmatize not only the profiled individual but also the entire profiled group, most of which is law-abiding”, meaning that it also reveals how ineffective it really is and how it puts a strain to the relationship between those racially profiled and the police. Racial profiling needs attention because it targets specific individuals or groups based on the color of their skin or appearance, it is discriminatory, and an illegal practice used in the United States.

Targeting minorities in public based on their race can have a significant, negative effect on the way people interact with the police. It creates doubt and mistrust among the community because they are doubtful they can rely on them to treat them fairly as innocent bystanders rather than criminals. It is important to understand that racial profiling happens every day in all parts of the world and to educate on the impacts of how racial profiling affects the way minorities interact with law enforcement and how they are perceived in a low-income ethnic community. Reiman (2010) explains that for law enforcement “racial profiling is justifiable on utilitarian grounds because its ‘costs may well be outweighed by its benefits in reducing crime and attendant benefits that it brings, such as economic activity in a community.’’ This is viewed in a negative way through the perspective of those who are being targeted, which needs to be changed in order to gain back trust and to regain the relationship the police once had with minority low-income communities.

The purpose, the purpose is to protect and serve their community to make it as safe as they can for those living in that particular area they are assigned. Nonetheless, what happens when members of the community lose trust and are afraid whenever they encounter law enforcement? A 2008 report written by the National Urban League, which investigated the realities that were faced by black citizens had uncovered some brutal statistics. “They found that there is still indisputable evidence that the criminal justice system is pitted against young black men, and systematically criminalizes them” 5 League for the Fifth International (2008). The diagram in the article depicted how unbalanced the incarceration population can be. That the U.S census data in 2000 indicates that blacks make up 12.3 percent of the U.S population, while the Department of Justice statistics indicate that roughly 40% of all prison inmates are African American. The figure shows that racial profiling leads to more arrests of minorities because they are unfairly targeted by law enforcement.

Although law enforcement may unintentionally make a traffic stop resulting in an unlawful search based on those by appearance and skin color, it is an illegal practice still used today in the United States. To be able to prevent racial profiling, people need to be educated when it comes to police using minorities to racial profile and conduct illegal searches based on what they look like. Kaufman and Lundman (2003) explain that studies show that “Extant studies of traffic stops for Driving While Black appears to indicate that police stop, African-American drivers, more often than would be expected on the basis of population baselines.” This study shown was done in San Diego, where 8% of the population is African American, and how it is showing a higher percentage of those involved with traffic stops. I think that if raising awareness annually to communities throughout the United States that racial profiling and unjustifiable targeting against groups, or people of color are discriminated by their appearance and looks needs to be stopped and be widely discussed in order to see a change.

Also, looking further into the practice of racial profiling used on minorities by law enforcement, for example, shows multiple testimonies of different law enforcement positions around the country admitting that they have stopped minorities on highways, freeways, and in communities more often than non-colored people. This article also includes techniques the police use that leads to being pulled over such as stop and frisking, the concept of driving while black and other factors that lead to being pulled over as a minority. The article from Anderson-William and Callahan-Gene (2001) shows statistics from a report by Chad Thevenot stating “76 percent of vehicle motorists stopped along a 50-mile stretch of I-95 by Maryland’s Special Traffic Interdiction Force (STIF) were of colored people”. This study can expose if law enforcement agencies use “racial profiling” on populations with larger amounts of different races and ethnicities to target minorities resulting in stopping and searching them and their vehicles. Researchers can obtain better information on racial profiling based on their race and ethnicity and how it might affect the way the community interacts with the police but would be beneficial to know, understand and something that could be reduced drastically.

The new policies and programs that would be implemented throughout the United States of all communities would be a policy where a new system of policing would occur where racial profiling, and unreasonable searches and seizures, and the prevention of unwarranted stop and frisks would be the main priority to decrease any rifts between the communities and law enforcement. Pickerill (2009) explains, “The constitutional-civil libertarian view argues that disparities in search rates of White and minority motorists are morally unacceptable and constitutionally impermissible under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment”. Another solution for defeating and reducing the racial profiling of minorities is to hire an equal amount of women and ethnically diverse groups of police officers to the Caucasian police officers that are currently employed in each agency to have a balance in the department. Having more of a diverse group of police officers in the department would significantly be beneficial to the community and its surrounding areas that would help those people in the communities relate more with law enforcement especially, in the big cities where most of these types of problems occur. Also, having a more diverse police population would decrease the likelihood of having any sort of racial profiling issue due to the different ethnic backgrounds and genders that would be hired in the community police department. Assuming that racial profiling is more of an underlying issue would they require all agencies to have a body camera recording everything they do on their daily shifts and to also assign them a partner of a different ethnicity to decrease any racial profiling matter.

Another solution on controlling and reducing racial profiling would create programs that will encourage the community, who feels threatened and scared by their local police officers, to get to know one another in a sociable environment. Lever (2015) states an interesting point, “Profiling increases the likelihood that whites will think of blacks as importing crime into their supposedly crime-free neighborhoods; it discourages black people from traveling and working in white neighborhoods, especially at night.” Programs that let the community and children of the community get to know the local law enforcement and to be able to teach them about how the police are there for their protection and to de-stigmatize the way the community views law enforcement and to be able to get to know one another and build strong forms of relationship would be beneficial in reducing and controlling types of racial profiling.

These types of programs would be beneficial to have because they would be forming strong connections between the local community and law enforcement. Another example that would help communities trust and get to know local law enforcement is having a Shop with a Cop program that uses fundraisers to generate money to take a predetermined amount of children to Wal-Mart where they are assigned an officer to take them shopping using donations from the community. The children are given a specified amount of money they are able to spend on their family for Christmas presents then taken to lunch all funded by community donations. The law enforcement would create a special bond between the children and the community while also building a relationship with the officers of the city. The program has received positive feedback from the community through social media such as Facebook, Instagram, and even Twitter. Coffee with Cops is another program where law enforcement will go to a local coffee shop during early morning hours and enjoy a cup of coffee with patrons. Officers talk to locals in a relaxed atmosphere where citizens feel more comfortable expressing officer concerns they may have regarding crime, traffic, or even officers. They often talk ask about crime trends, compliment staff or even just talk about sports or whatever is on their mind. It is just another extension of how law enforcement is reinforcing positivity within their community. The goals of community policing are to perform many community duties such as keeping the peace, handling emergency services, sorting out family and spousal issues, and helping with civil issues. Officers can be more effective if they are familiar with the area they are patrolling, and their area’s culture. If citizens are comfortable and are familiar with their designated officer it can make diffusing tense situations easier. Community policing cannot only make neighborhoods safer for their residents, but also for an officer. Having created these types of programs would be beneficial in creating a safer environment for everybody in the community and in the future. These policies and programs are being used to communicate through transparency by controlling racial profiling through specific set standards and to also create annual events with the youth and the local communities to show that law enforcement is not their enemy and they are there to protect and serve their community.

Lastly, as a community, we need to hold police officers and any trusted government officials accountable for their actions. Consequences need to be put into action to create a more positive environment for the community. If they take the oath to serve the community, that needs to be their priority without bringing bias to their job. Everybody needs to be treated equally no matter race, gender, ethnicity, age, or sexual preference. Police officers need to be held to a higher standard in order to create a long-standing relationship with the community. By putting these solutions in place, we can work together to keep the places we love protected and content.

My opinion is that communication between the public and law enforcement is heavily impacted when there is no bond between the two present. Nowadays, there is a wariness to cooperate with law enforcement because there are such negative opinions surrounding them. Detrimental experiences and negative media also contribute to the receptiveness of police officers. Minorities still feel that the local authorities abuse their power and treat white people more fairly because they are not racially profiled. If the public and law enforcement can work cohesively, we can be an unstoppable force in the fight to create safer neighborhoods for our future generations. It is imperative that law enforcement agencies embrace transparency when dealing with the public in a culture where social media is so powerful. Racially profiling proves to be a huge problem in this country that is leading to a racial division causing communication between authority and society to decrease exponentially.

Improving Police-Community Relations: Critical Essay

It is no surprise that there is existing tension between both law enforcement and surrounding communities. The lack of trust in one another had the outcome of shooting unarmed African Americans and also police officers also being harmed. The utilization of social media has caused the distrust of police officers and has spread like wildfire inside of the United States. Technology has contributed to displaying negative occurrences between individuals and police officers. Across the United States, citizens are to most likely view terrible encounters rather than look at the positivity from law enforcement. There are also people from different groups in the community who believe they are guilty by association or by their ethnicity. When it is wrongly approached, it destroys the trust required to create safety for both the community and law enforcement who protect the community. Although law enforcement is committed to ensuring the safety of the community, there are some approaches needed to improve relationships with the community.

Citizens inside the community usually place more on how law enforcement utilizes authority instead of how the power is utilized. According to Meares (2017), “In other words, the relationship between the public and how authorities make decisions is inherently relational instead of instrumental” (p.1361). A way to progress a relationship between law enforcement and the community is to help individuals see that police officers utilize their power with fair procedures. Procedural justice is a solution to deciding if the community will view law enforcement as acting fairly. Also, the relationship can be improved with participation and voices inside the community. Having the opportunity to engage with police officers will allow community members to share and explain their present concerns. Next, citizens consider it to be crucial to how law enforcement treats others. People want to be treated with respect and dignity when having an encounter with the police. Lastly, creating community events can aid in strengthening the relationship between law enforcement and the community. An example of an event is Coffee with a Cop. Community events will allow the opportunity for unity in discussing local issues in a neutral environment. This event will give the chance for individuals to ask essential questions and better comprehend law enforcement utilized in neighborhoods. Most of the time when one encounters police officers, an emergency or dangerous situation is occurring. At these moments, they are not usually the right time to create a relationship with those in the surrounding environment. Individuals inside of the community during these situations view law enforcement as unapproachable. Having a personal conversation allows barriers to be broken down and to better understand one another.

In conclusion, although law enforcement is committed to ensuring the safety of the community, there are some approaches needed to improve relationships with the community. Communities’ approval of comparative ethics as a contribution to criminal justice has a possibility of backfiring and displaying the wrong message. Wrongful messages can include minimal boundaries that are put on employee actions who have authority in the criminal justice field. Ethics the majority of the time contains policies of fair and honest behavior; is defined as conscience, the capability of realizing right from wrong, and actions that are suitable. Today there has been tension amongst many due to the tragic events connected with police shootings. Amending this relationship can improve safety and degree a hostile environment.

References

1. Bethune-Cookman University Criminal Justice Program Leads the Way: Effective Law Enforcement and Community Engagement, (2017, Aug 07). Targeted News Service Retrieved from https://csuglobal.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.csuglobal.idm.oclc.org/docview/1927174743?accountid=38569
2. Have Coffee with a Cop. (2014, Dec 15). Targeted News Service Retrieved from https://csuglobal.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.csuglobal.idm.oclc.org/docview/1636406631?accountid=38569
3. Meares, T. L. (2017). The Path Forward: Improving the Dynamics of Community-Police Relationships to Achieve Effective Law Enforcement Policies, Columbia Law Review, 117(5), 1355-1368. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com.csuglobal.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=123488740&site=ehost-live
4. Peak, K. J. (2017). Introduction to Criminal Justice: Practice and Process. Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications.

Exploring Community And Community Development

The meaning of word ‘community’ in Chinese, is just a small area where people live nearby. Because of the huge population, majority of Chinese people live in the apartments and these apartments are managed by different districts. These districts are called communities. That is the most basic meaning for ‘community’ in Chinese. Before I apply the CBU, I have no idea about other meanings of community. I even thought it would be a course about know to do business in the neighborhood. This thought was changed after I got into the university. I found that the word community is not just like that meaning in Chinese but contains more varieties of people in groups. In my country, although the meaning of community is different from English, I’m sure that there has similar program or subject that dealing with these problems. I’m very happy to have chance to get into such program and using a different view to think about community and its development.

This essay will talk about my personal view of the community and its development, and my experience about community development in China use Chinese minority ethnic groups and different regions as examples. Then, talk about the performance of community economic development in China.

After two classes about a little introduction for the community. There is a bit more information come for the word community. Community is not the meaning that limited by geography, it is a group of people that have similar purpose or goal get together. The ‘together’ here means the geographic distance or the thought of these people get together. The professor uses ‘share meaning’ to describe community. For example, people that live in a same house, they share the space of the house. They have the same purpose for the house that is seek for residence. These roommates can be a little community. People who registered in a same online game or join in the different game teams, they also have same purpose, or we can say they share the meaning of the game. Thus, these people, whether they live in the same city or same country, are communities. Or people who are in the same ethnic group, come up with a community.

Communities are everywhere, so are in China. China has a very large population, it is a multinational country. In China, people use majorities and minorities to distinguish different ethnic groups. Different groups have different beliefs and each ethnic group is an independent community. There is a word ‘Sinicization’ that mentioned in Bhattacharyya’s Theorizing Community Development. This word means a process that a community that with non-Han culture influenced by Han culture. That means use Han language as official language, learn Han’s words and culture and behave like people come from Han. The consequence of that is the culture of Han becomes the majority culture. That’s the reason why the ethnic groups in China have two big categories, majorities and minorities.

In ancient China, subversions of many dynasties were due to conflicts and incompatibility between different ethnic groups. The conflicts between different ethnic groups almost throughout the whole history. There are many dynasties in the history that contributed by different ethnic groups. People use nations a lot when talk to these topics. There is an old saying that talk about nationality is people who are not from my family must be different. Bhattacharyya said in his book that the challenge before community development exist is to find way to resist homogenizing of the nation-state and defend cultural pluralism, because nation-state ruined early solidarities that based on the culture identity.

Shaw, Mae in Community Development and the Politics of Community said that today community is thought of in 2 ways that are inherently political and contradict with one another. One way is the Liberal tradition where there is focus on the individual before customs and practices where and the other is the communitarian tradition which focuses on people feeling like they are a part of something. China is a very traditional and old-fashioned country, with people that follow the communitarian tradition that put the individual behind the group benefits. Most of China’s communities are following the second way of Shaw’s theory, people in different communities think about their communities’ benefit first. That why the word ‘Sinicization’ exist. However, people should judge one thing critically. As I mentioned the Chinese Han nationality ‘Sinicized’ others to make their own culture became the majority culture. The ‘Sinicization’ itself can not be judged good or bad.

In modern society, China has developed the cultural tolerance for every minority ethnic. There are serious of policies that made for these communities to keep their ethnical independence. Also, there are some autonomous regions in China for those groups. I think communities in different countries have different forms of existing, those forms are related to different countries’ unique situations. In my point of view, China is a very traditional, multicultural country, because its long history of feudal ruling, the highly centralization of power is a natural result. In the ancient time when there is no concept of community development and even no concept of community, the communities’ development was suppressed a long time. In community development level, the Sinicization is not good for the development of multi-culture but has benefit for the development of majority ethnic group culture.

Now, there are a lot of policies for different communities’ development. For example, the college entrance examination is the one of the most important exams in China. Consider that many minorities ethnics’ teenagers may not have the same knowledge resources, the benchmark for acceptation of universities for these teenagers will be reduced. From 5 to 20 points, sorted by rarity of the ethnics. This policy is suitable for students that from a minority that take exam at school that with most of students are Han. It is interesting that if a student that from Han ethnic take exam in the minority areas, then the deduced mark will work on that student from Han. Because in that area, Han is the minority of ethnic. The progress that how Chinese treating with minority communities is obviously changed. But there are still some conflicts exist between these two big categories. It still has a long way to go to get the communities developed very well.

China now entering the period of electronic micro-business, people use smart phones to deal with money. From shopping malls to stalls open on streets, people can use phones sell and buy everything. The people who made this so popular, is Jack Ma, the founder of Alibaba. He is the man that let people step into the era of electronic micro-business. Alibaba was founded in Hangzhou, this company at first make online shopping become popular. Then it promoted e-commerce development in Hangzhou and its surrounding areas. Lots of young people started a business in Taobao, which is a trading platform for online shopping. Now, in China, shopping online is the most common and easy way for people buying commodities. And the economy around Hangzhou has been significant improved. Even today, Hangzhou and its surrounding areas are still the China’s largest micro-business gathering center. This community economic development is based on the geography. It can be said that the success of Taobao has driven the economic development of electronic commerce in the surrounding areas. At the same time, new community groups have emerged, they are the sellers and buyers that on the internet. The free access of using internet make Taobao popular all over the country, so does the E-commerce.

There is another result for the big success of E-commerce of Taobao that is the delivery industry. Online shopping lets the business volume of the delivery industry and its employment rate reach a new peak. The express delivery industry has developed very rapidly in recent years. Couriers have become the most common figures in every street of the city.

People may think the community economic development have no relationship with the E-commerce. But I personally think that, people no matter they are buyers or sellers, are belonging to different communities. The buyers share the meaning of purchasing and the sellers also share the meaning of selling products. The raise of the business volume and employment in delivery industry is also an example that one community’s economic development can promote another one’s. Because the concept of community and its development have no common in China, it is very fresh for me to use the knowledge of community and development explain events that happened in my country.

In China, there is no significant subject that calls community or community development. But community exist everywhere in the country, it’s just had another name maybe called ‘group’. From the ancient China that the rulers use ‘Sinicization’ to assimilate others that they can consolidate their own dynasties to people now have different policies to deal with different ethnic groups and seek benefits for the minority communities. It is closer to the community development itself. And community economic development is also developed in another approach.

The development of community is the result of a stable society. A good social system will breed many healthy communities. A healthy community will drive other communities to develop together under good economic development. The community development in China is more tend to the solidarity level which is to put individual’s benefit behind the group’s benefit.

References

1. Bhattacharyya, Jnanabrata. (2004). Theorizing Community Development. Journal of the Community Development Society. 34(2), 5-34. Enns, S. W. 2018.
2. Shaw, Mae. (2008). Community Development and the Politics of Community. Community Development Journal, 43(1), 24-36

Social Work: Analysis Of The Impact On The Field Of Practice And Organization

Introduction

Social work is pegged on attending to the human condition i.e. making sure that everyone is whole mentally and physically so that they can co-exist with the people around them. The result or the intended result of such efforts in social work is a community and a society at large, which is complete to living in harmony. For all social workers to be successful, sound leadership practices must be in the picture (Lawler, 2007). This paper is looking to find out ways to practice leadership in social work and to analyze the primary characteristics of leadership in social work and its effects; this it will do through the lens of a real-life social work leader.

Identifying a Leader

Ahmed is a social work leader that I identified. He lives in Heidelberg West and helps Somali Australians that get to the country to resettle. I chose this particular social worker because his work is unique and his qualifications meet AASW requirements. AASW contributes to society by achieving various factors such as individual wellbeing, human rights, and social justice (Australian Association of Social Workers (2020). The functions of AASW include; Building member’s professionalism, provision of management and governance, improve relations with international bodies, and advocate for social injustice. AASW uses a structured code of ethics which governs Australia’s social worker’s conducts while promoting their interests

The Australian Association of Social Workers is committed to providing exemplary service to the social worker’s community Australian Association of Social Workers (2011). It is also a member of the International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW). There are various publications that AASW offers to the public such as the quarterly journal called Australian Social Work and a social worker’s journal called Research and Thinking’. These articles discuss the county’s social, political, and economic policies.

Ahmed’s concern for the human condition surpasses the need to make sure that people have basic needs such as food, shelter, and clothing. He helps Somali Australians to fit into Australian culture and teaches them whatever practices that pass as normative social constructs. This is something that he has been able to do for more than five years. Ahmed’s experience and training on the ground made him the perfect candidate for me. Having been educated in Australia’s RMIT University and being of Somali descent made him the perfect candidate for the interview. Given the type of social work he does, it is possible to see that Ahmed’s style of leadership has to be directed or inspired by advocacy. If he were asked, advocacy means to take someone else’s challenging situations and assume that they are your own, and later on seek help through legal channels just to see that said challenges are gone. On a practical level, Ahmed provides plenty of recommendations or public support for a particular policy or cause; he also believes in equity and equality application in all settings, even where he works.

Concerning the Australian Association of Social Workers, Ahmed is fit as a leader because he demonstrates the right code of ethics and responsibilities that are important to and represent the social work profession. His intention has always been assisting all people in need, individually and collectively, and to act in ethically accountable ways, in search of aims tied to social work (Cullen, 2013). It also became apparent to me that I identified Ahmed and see him as a leader because he reflects my values in social work and these revolve around service, competence, social justice, integrity, dignity, and worth of the individual, and relevance of human relationships. I also see him as a leader because he does not seek to be superior to the staff he works with; he is a promoter of collaborative leadership and the bottom-up approach as decisions come from staff and team and work their way up. Together, they make all the decisions.

One change that Ahmed and the partners that he works with have been able to provide when working with Somali Australian community is to lead a co-design process that established the first Somali community-led project. At the start of 2016, Ahmed and the rest of his partners got involved in an all-encompassing process of co-design involving 123 individuals of the Somali Australian people in West Heidelberg together with the state and representatives from the local government, organizations helping community members, and other primary stakeholders. Consultation with the West Heidelberg Somali Australian community during the co-design phase revealed significant and specific needs. The needs in question, which are continuously achieved, include better outcomes in employment, leadership based on community and religion, early childhood Parenting, wider services in the community, and effective social programs.

Work done to impact leadership practices

The work done by Ahmed and other philanthropic social work leaders revolve around the goals mentioned above. When canvassed about possible ways to address the needs and their underlying causes, the co-design community participants and leaders were unanimous in their view that culturally sensitive and supportive employment initiatives were necessary and had so far played an important role in their lives. Spiritual/religious guidance and support from English speaking Somali Australian imams were identified as important for young people and are practiced by Ahmed and his partners. Parenting programs and support were considered necessary, as were school tutoring, mentoring, and holiday camps for children and their parents. There was the recognition that young Somali Australians needed to have easier access to culturally friendly services to help them with mental health, drug and alcohol, and other health services.

Overall, the capacity of Ahmed and his fellow social workers to help the vulnerable fit in a foreign land is impressive. Impacting the lives of Somali Australians in this way gives them hope and encouragement that good people still exist in the world. Matter of fact, such actions raise the humanitarian banner high and promote more social work activities in many different parts of the world.

Policies Applied to Impact Leadership Practices

The social work conducted by Ahmed and his other colleagues revolves around several policies. These policies are used by social leaders to address instances of the shortage of skilled workers and the provision of services to low-income communities. A policy program such as the Network for Social Work Management (NSWM) is a policy model which ensures social workers can deal with the complex situation (Hernandez, Bishop, and Higgs, 2018). In this case, Ahmed can apply the use of this policy especially if he experiences barriers in providing basic needs to immigrants or refugees. The NSWM program prepares the Somali Australians to fit in the Somali culture through mentorship and guidance. It provides them with efficient resources that assist them to undertake project-based learning programs. These programs assist the residents to increase their learning capacity and develop soft skills through various mentorship programs.

Partnership Project with La Trobe University

Ahmed has also improved his social work skills by partnering with La Trobe University. He did a project with the University on youth unemployment research. His main role was to establish the reasons that would make the sponsored students lack job opportunities after completing their studies at La Trobe University. He implements various leadership styles such as the transformational leadership style to ensure he coordinates well with his team of social workers. In 2018, the project was evaluated and it was considered to be successful in terms of addressing the needs of students. The timeline which had been set for eighteen months was exceeded by the project. It assisted Ahmed to prove that there is a need for such community projects as they fostered demand from residents, participation from the community, and obtained a vast number of responses from participants.

Benefits of the Project

The effects obtained from the project were measured from the outcomes of all the programs initiated from the start. There have been instances of social change where the team partnered with government authorities to improve educational facilities. This step was to ensure each child, especially from the Somali Australian community receives an adequate education. It also ensured more jobs were available to the residents so that they may have an efficient source of living. These positive outcomes are encouraged in the Somalia Australian community as it benefits their lives and improves their standards of living.

Through Ahmed’s advocacy work, the mainstream firms like Vic Pol can receive the best cultural research and training facilities. Vic Pol can also partner with some institutions which offer similar programs for the Himilo Community. The connection provides reports on better service engagements with Somalia Australian community. There are also notable improvements among the youth in these communities due to the availability of job opportunities. The local schools have also improved their relations with guardians, parents, students, and mentors. Other benefits include the availability of maternal services to the Somalia Australian community and more opportunities for the youth such as the Banyule City Council internship program. The benefit of this program is to provide the youth with more employment opportunities and extensive research with La Trobe University.

Style and approach to leadership

Transformational leadership

The leader’s style and approach to leadership are transformational. The style of leadership exercised by the social worker interviewed involves collaborating with teams to find out necessary changes, coming up with a vision to drive the change employing inspiration, and executing the change in line with committed members of a group. It is a relevant part of the full range leadership model. Transformational leadership is all about making a positive difference i.e. turning around a negative situation into a positive one albeit permanently. For example, whenever an opportunity arises to help children in a children’s home, working with a transformational mindset is not only about getting the food to eat over the weekend but to find a way of getting them food constantly e.g. finding them a sponsor that will fund them all through their stay in the foster home (Gardner, 2016; Sullivan, 2016). For the case of Ahmed, his aim is usually to take over the situation of people, who are often lost and uninformed at first and turn their lives around (effect transformation). For transformational leadership to work effectively, involving a transactional style of leadership is important. Transactional leadership is very much focused on performance and management. It requires a leader to be pragmatic and to inspire their team to be focused on cause and effect (Payne, 2014; Gellis, 2001).

Mix of approaches depending on the situation?

Even though Ahmed’s leadership style is largely transformational, he is aware and makes use of different leadership styles depending on the situation that he is in. He mentioned that the work he does makes it difficult for him to feel like a leader (Gellis, 2001). This in itself is evidence that a lot of servant leadership is involved. Servant leadership is an approach to leadership where the main objective of the leader is to serve. Other than servant leadership, it is fitting to say that Ahmed’s style of leadership is situational. It is situational in the sense that depending on the situation a Somali Australian is in, Ahmed will adopt a leadership style that best suits the situation (Fisher, 2009). Situational leadership is an adaptive leadership style that requires leaders to take stock of the people they are working with, weigh the numerous variables within the workplace, and select the style of leadership that best suits immediate goals and circumstances. Situational leadership requires a lot of flexibility because it encompasses the flexibility to exercise many styles of leadership despite a natural or learned inclination towards a particular favorite style of leadership (which for Ahmed’s case is transformational leadership). There are times when Ahmed has to be authoritative and there are times when he has to be democratic. Authoritativeness comes in when he gives strict directives to his subordinates (McDonald & Chenoweth, 2009). On the flip side, Ahmed understands situations where the people he deals with have to make personal choices; he will, for example, ask them what their preferences are or what job they feel suits them best when he is helping Somali Australians to seek jobs (Frederico, 2018).

Impact

What he does as a leader

What Ahmed is doing as a leader resonates with advocacy for the community as a whole. His vision is for the community to have culturally appropriate services. To achieve the vision in question, he educates service providers on how to be inclusive, creates cultural awareness, and identifies and addresses the social problems that affect young people in the community. The problems in question include the misuse of drugs and alcohol, youth unemployment, and family violence. For example, Ahmed is currently identifying any new individuals of Somali origin or otherwise through his Himilo Community Connect Program that have arrived in Australia. After he identifies them, he helps them to settle down through finding housing, schools, jobs, and health insurance. Ahmed is mainly inspired by transformational leadership and this makes him engage in different leadership styles such as servant leadership just so that the people he serves get help.

If there’s been a social change – how has it changed the work?

This social worker’s work has positively impacted social justice and social change. He has aimed to make all people feel comfortable in their skin irrespective of where they are located and irrespective of whom they are. Through case studies he was able to speak of in the course of the interview, Ahmed’s positive impact on social justice became clear. He has been able to make Somali Australians get the best social standing they could get in Australia. Through getting them jobs, means for housing, healthcare insurance coverage, and citizenship documentation, he wards off the possibility of them being stereotyped. This is because hunger, poverty, and sleeping on the streets make Somali Australians, like any other vulnerable individuals globally, easy targets for discrimination (McDonald & Chenoweth, 2009). Contrastingly, a well-educated and employed Somali Australian that lives in the suburbs with their family has health insurance coverage and drives an SUV that has pretty much the same social standing as the indigenous population and is much unlikely to experience discrimination. All things considered, Ahmed successfully leads through advocacy to get social justice for his people. Through programs such as Himilo Community Connect Program, he has been able to help any Somali Australians he comes across to enjoy many social, political, and economic opportunities that their indigenous Australian counterparts enjoy.

Second, an overall positive impact on social change has been achieved locally in Heidelberg West and generally in Australia. This is because Ahmed’s leadership style (one that is based on advocacy) and his success stories create awareness and inspire social work all over the world. Inspiration is important as it will drive existing and prospective social workers into action. Note that social work is traditionally never hinged on for-profit purposes, it is driven by philanthropy. As such, it requires a lot of inspiration.

Conclusion

It takes a great deal of courage to help out other people especially when a profit-making incentive is not involved. This is what social work is all about. Through Ahmed’s story, it is demonstrable that social workers intend to achieve utilitarian ends. Utilitarian goals and objectives are bent on finding the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.

References

1. Australian Association of Social Workers (2011). Code of Ethics. AASW Journal Information
2. Australian Association of Social Workers (2020). Functions of AASW. https://www.aasw.asn.au/about-aasw/about-aasw
3. Cullen, A. F. (2013). ‘Leaders in Our Own Lives’: Suggested Indications for Social Work Leadership from a Study of Social Work Practice in a Palliative Care Setting. British Journal of Social Work, 43(8), 1527-1544.
4. Fisher, E. A. (2009). Motivation and leadership in social work management: A review of theories and related studies. Administration in social work, 33(4), 347-367.
5. Frederico, M. (2018). Developing effective leadership in Child and Family Practice: Types of leadership. In Leadership in Child and Family Practice (pp. 62-76). Routledge Academic.
6. Gardner, F. (2016). Working with human services organizations. Newbury Park, Calif.: Oxford University Press.
7. Gellis, Z. D. (2001). Social work perceptions of transformational and transactional leadership in health care. Social work research, 25(1), 17-25.
8. Hernandez, Nidia, Bishop, Lindsey, and Higgs, Emily (2018). Developing policy and management leaders: eight social work policy fellows share their experiences, case studies, and recommendations for leadership development. Journal of Human Service Organizations; Volume 42, Issue 3
9. Lawler, J. (2007). Leadership in social work: A case of caveat emptor?.British Journal of Social Work, 37(1), 123-141.
10. McDonald, C., & Chenoweth, L. (2009). Leadership: A crucial ingredient in unstable times. Social Work & Society, 7(1), 102-112.
11. Payne, M. (2014). Modern social work theory. Oxford University Press.
12. Sullivan, W. P. (2016). Leadership in social work: Where are we?.Journal of Social Work Education, 52(sup1), S51-S61.

The Aspects of Post-conflict Development

Post-conflict development is imperative to rebuild violence-ravaged states, but the degree of success in post-conflict reconstruction programs varies widely, with some efforts leading to further state insecurity and greater conflicts. Development is not as simple as a linear process, and what works in one state could be detrimental to another. For the purpose of this essay, post-conflict development will be redefined as peacebuilding efforts. The main lesson that has been learnt is that peacebuilding requires a deep understanding of three components: comprehension of the root cause of conflict, a willingness by the international community to shape peacebuilding efforts around the local context rather than imposing expectations from a Western standpoint, and a patience to modify international efforts based on the success of the chosen course of action. The case studies of Haiti, Timor-Leste and Rwanda will demonstrate the international community’s actions through liberal, hybrid and illiberal peacebuilding efforts respectively, identifying where an agenda was imposed rather than allowing contribution from the local population to assist in their own development and providing potential courses of action that can guide future efforts irrespective of the type of peacebuilding.

International actors, including the United Nations (UN) and the majority of Western governments, have been guided by the concept of liberal peacebuilding; that is, that ‘liberalism was inherently attractive and offered the most likely path to peace and prosperity” (Wallis, 2018, p. 83). This initiative is hinged off the idea that development cannot occur unless there is security, and state stability is only possible through international intervention and conflict prevention. Liberal peacebuilding aims to emphasise “security, democracy and good governance” (Hauge et al, 2015, p. 267) over socio-economic objectives, and Smith advises that a way to determine the right peace-building activities is to “divide them into four main pillars: security, political, socio-economic and reconciliation” (Hauge et al, 2015, p. 272). If the issues experienced by a fragile state are predominately security and political, then liberal peacebuilding could be an appropriate avenue for international actors to pursue, but the main priority that should be taken is to ensure that the peacebuilding efforts are targeted at the root cause of conflict, that is, that security measures will assist rather than hinder development. When Haiti experienced an increase in violence after President Aristide was removed from power, the UN Stabilisation Mission (MINUSTAH) was created to enforce security and stop conflict (Hauge et al, 2015, p. 263). However, in cases such as Haiti, where the socio-economic circumstances were the root cause for conflict, MINUSTAH’s aim to support the new government in establishing a secure political environment tampered with the internal settlements found in the slums of Port-Au-Prince, where they had “developed their own systems of security and governance” (Hauge et al, 2015, p. 264).

Local models of conflict management in Haiti were heavily based on trust and keeping discipline at the lowest level, whether through mediation with community elders, Haitian national police or within community established local commissions (Hauge et al, 2015, p. 271). The local community worked to empower each other and the emphasis on trust had resulted in lessened crime and violence. However, the prevalence of “hunger, poverty and unemployment” (Hauge et al, 2015, p. 272) eventually superseded the morals of the community, leading to crime and violence to source subsistence. Thus, MINUSTAH’s actions to stop riots that protested against “risking food prices and lack of access to food” (Hauge et al, 2015, p. 273) did not bother to consider the local context, but rather enforced their agenda of liberal peace-building. Failing to understand the environment that peacebuilding efforts are deployed in is a critical error; by not targeting the root cause of conflict and ignoring the potential of local communities to handle conflict themselves, international actors will hinder the capability of state reconstruction, and potentially lead to greater levels of conflict. The key lesson to learn is that international actors must understand the indigenous population and environment before they intervene in post-conflict peacebuilding; understand what the key motivators are on a family, community and state level, and what it takes to establish trust so that there can be cohesion and support between international and local actors (Krause & Jütersonke, 2005, p. 453). Situations like Haiti have led to a targeted focus on human security, where the emphasis on security shifted from “security of territory from external aggression” to “a much greater stress on people’s security” (Krause & Jütersonke, 2005, p. 456). It meant that rather than focusing on the protection of the state, the wellbeing of its people was just as important, and in ensuring the security of the people, international actors needed to identify and address where the vulnerabilities of the population lay as part of their peacebuilding agenda. The success of incorporating human security initiatives will be addressed later in this essay.

The lessons learnt by failures in considering the root cause of conflict before acting have seen an emergence in hybrid peacebuilding as a method of seeking development through socio-political methods. It acknowledges that security is imperative for development, but the definition of security draws from both an international and local standpoint. Hybrid peacebuilding “seeks to negotiate elements of the liberal peace in a local context by advocating an intersubjective mediation between local and international [spheres], depending on both power and legitimacy” (Wallis, 2018, p. 85). While giving the affected state a belief in the peacebuilding initiatives undertaken, it also allows the international community to influence development through aid efforts, restructuring of economic and political systems and conflict prevention. However, in amalgamating local and international practices, policy-makers are to be careful in what systems are adopted; local customs may have their roots in objectionable practices and thus should not be used in reform. It is important to note that this form of peacebuilding has drawn from identifying the root cause of conflict but requires the commitment of international aid to use the identified issue to shape development efforts. Hybrid peacebuilding was used by the UN in Timor-Leste, where after political unrest, widespread violence and civil destabilisation, they initially focused on “building highly centralised institutions, limiting public expenditure, creating financial liberalisation and reducing the role for the state” (Wallis, 2018, p. 88). While these actions initially did not include the majority of the Timorese people rural population, the Timor-Leste Government “began to engage with local practices and institutions” (Wallis, 2018, p. 89) to understand how they could establish decentralisation, rather than force rural populations to follow their centralised practices. In 2004, “limited administrative and political decentralisation” (Wallis, 2018, p. 89) was established, with the power given to community leaders. The initiative had limited success, with concerning reports claiming that “some local leaders displayed “authoritarian characteristics” (Wallis, 2018, p. 90) rather than assisting their communities in moving forward.

While developmental benefits were dispensed through the local government positions, giving communities opportunities to take control themselves, the quality of the output has differed due to “variable local capacity, poor planning and project choice” (Wallis, 2018, p. 91) amongst overridden priorities identified by local leaders. Rather than encouraging joint involvement in state reconstruction, there is a prevalent dissonance between standards of centralised and decentralised governance, with a perception that decentralisation has been used in hybrid peacebuilding as a “strategy to execute the budget, so it can report that it executed well, even though there have been no outcomes” (Wallis, 2018, p. 92). The Timor-Leste case study infers that hybrid peacebuilding in theory is an outcome from the lesson of understanding and incorporating local practices into liberal peacebuilding, but it realistically requires accountability and a clear framework to avoid inequality. Hybrid peacebuilding is not necessarily impractical, but it needs reshaping to avoid injustices and exclusions, through determining what proportions of liberal and local principles are incorporated in the way the government is established (Wallis, 2018, p. 97), with regular renegotiation to ensure that the governance reflects the climate and culture. If we revisit human security, hybrid peacebuilding aims to incorporate exactly what the people of a state needs by giving them a voice to shape how they are governed. Human security aims to give the population “freedom from fear” (Krause & Jütersonke, 2005, p. 457), and if they do not feel oppressed and able to have a level of influence on how they peacebuild in a post-conflict climate, then the theory of hybrid peacebuilding has some merit and can be drawn upon when future peacebuilding initiatives are required.

Alternatively, post-conflict development has found relative success in illiberal peacebuilding. Illiberal peacebuilding is “a process of post-war reconstruction managed by local elites in defiance of liberal peace precepts on civil liberties…with a view to constructing a hegemonic order and an elite stranglehold over the political economy” (De Oliveira, 2011, p. 287). Rather than predominately seeking international aid to resolve post-conflict struggles, the state leans on itself to tackle reconstruction. This approach is particularly prevalent in post-conflict environments where the conflict was caused by polarisation or ethnic segregation (Herath, 2018), and reconciliation is required for the state to prevent recurrence of conflict. In Rwanda, after the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi, social reconciliation was imperative for the country to be able to rebuild, and it could not be led by international actors as it was a deep-seated issue that would not have been solved by enhanced security or forced political systems. Kumar (1999) highlights that to be able to promote development, broken relationships must be healed through social reconciliation; by “uncovering the past, promoting dialog, promoting understanding through media, developing grass-roots structures for peace, and engaging in collaborative activities” (Kumar, 1999, p. 1-3). Rwanda took ownership for the genocide, utilising initiatives including the Ndi umunyarwanda program to talk about the crimes imposed on both their and the other ethnic group, repurposing a day a month to repair and restore buildings affected by the Rwandan conflict, and other programs to encourage cohesion and unity (Herath, 2018). To directly address the crimes committed in the 1994 genocide, Rwanda has taken a local justice approach through Gacaca courts. Perpetrators faced victims, where “public confession was a cornerstone of the crimes” (Nyseth Brehm et al., 2014, p. 337) to fulfil participatory duties; refusal to admit guilt was seen as failing to support reconciliation and had greater punishments, with the potential to lead to a lifetime in prison. Those who confessed before trial were given lesser sentences, with “community service, fines, and other restoration-based reparations” (Nyseth Brehm et al., 2014, p. 337).

Allowing the Rwandan local population to serve justice to their people rather than forcing liberalised models gave the Rwandan people ownership of reconciliation when addressing the root cause of conflict rather than liberal intervention, which would not have had as profound an effect. Lessons learnt from the Rwandan post-conflict social reconciliation efforts are that immediate international or Westernised peacebuilding initiatives may not be the best method to encourage development; illiberal or local peacebuilding initiatives can produce dividends in development provided their intentions are in line with restoration rather than exploitation. Illiberal peacebuilding does have a place for the international community to assist in development, but they are not the orchestrators, instead merely aids of reconstruction or monitors to ensure that the local efforts are ethical and productive. The international community helped fund “100 justice-related projects” (Uvin, 2001, p. 182) to assist Rwanda with trialling their people, and their donation involvement gives them a say in monitoring the quality of the local justice system, but the dynamics are controlled by the local population. Therefore, illiberal peacebuilding has potential to see great strides in development, but it is important that corruption does not occur within local development strategies, as conflict may arise again, requiring alternate peacebuilding methods which the international community may again get wrong. Development is not a one-size fits all process, and one initiative may need to be shaped over time to enact permanent change, but the overarching priority is for the international population must listen to the local community, otherwise any misinformed efforts will be detrimental, irrespective of the intentions.

Conflict and Community

I remember our first lecture when we were given the assignment of writing down our own definitions of peace, community, and conflict. For peace, I wrote “Acceptance of what is, trying to be best that can be.” For community, I wrote “Belonging, kinship, and support. Can be family, friends, work, or people who simply share your interest and values.” For conflict, I wrote “Conflicting values, imbalance, and inharmony of things and matters.” As we’ve explored peace further in course I now think of peace on different levels. On a personal level it can be when you’re aligned with your values, purpose, and being at your best potential or on the right track towards that. Peace isn’t necessarily achieved by everything being perfect, but sometimes by accepting, compromising, growing, and improving while also being content.

On a greater level, I think that a desire for peace is an important motivation for us to do better together. With a lot of people trying to work together I think “peace” is achieved by accepting each others differences in looks, opinions, sexuality, race and so forth. I believe it takes to really try to understand by listening to each other. I’ve learned how people engage their spirituality in approaching conflict in regards of methodology and tactics. Whether you define spirituality as a religious belief or simply your values, it’s often a big influence in how we approach conflict and what our proposed paths to peace are. One approach to peace that we learnt about was the Buddhist Thich Nhat Hanh who within his spirituality had found his belief in a successful conflict resolvement method. He explained how he believes in resistance and acceptance as a way of life, and in the power and need of collective action. Thich Nhat Hanh explained how deep listening is key to lessen the suffering of our counterpart.

To let them “empty out” their suffering, feelings, and troubles, before we start giving advice or argue back. He explained how wrong perceptions is the root to conflict, that there are answers in the suffering, and that we can learn from the suffering. He also shared how he believes that it’s morally wrong to be violent as well as unpractical in the long-run. Spirituality can offer deeper understanding and caring of humans and interest in peace with one another. Spirituality seek for long term deep rooted issues and solutions, which is why I think Spirituality plays an important role in the topic of conflict resolvement. An illustration that taught me about conflict and resolvement approach is the Lost Tapex – Malcolm X documentary that we watched. This documentary showed how he was working for reform and change in what he believed was the right way. Malcolm X believed in taking matter in your own hands, and to “solve our problem myself”.

One action he took was to remove his last name and replace it with an X, because he refused to have his slave masters last name. He also organized the black community to come together, and encouraged to stop integrating and to separate from the white society until they got what they demanded. Some called him a “Black supremacist”, but he felt the need for the black society to unite in order to ever “win”, heal, and be heard. As a Muslim, he was taught to not be ashamed of being a Black man, which he think that Christianity mediated. He also thought of Martin Luther King as a traitor for approaching things differently through his beliefs, turning the other cheek. Malcolm X thought it was absolutely necessary to come together against the common enemy. He said “Stop the sweet talk, no more compromising, tell them how we really feel.” He didn’t feel like the problems were dealt with for real. He explained how the white people won’t even admit that the knife is there, so how can we even begin to heal. “Putting one Black kid in college was not enough, we cannot pretend that the problem is solved.”

Malcolm X felt that “Martin Luther King was teaching the Black to be defenseless, because the white man paid him to do so.” He explained how he don’t think there’s such thing as a non-violent revolution, peaceful revolution. Malcolm X said “You’ll bleed for the white people’s war but not for your own kind.” In some way that proved to be true, because the president didn’t take much action until he saw the aggression and took them seriously. Malcolm X had a change of heart and approach after his trip to Mecca, where he realized the difference between white people in America and white people in other parts of the world. He started to realize that Martin Luther King’s approach was tactically different but with the same goal. I’ve also learned how conflict resolution can support justice by empowering individuals, reinforcing empathy, enhancing cultural awareness, and changing of policies. For example, Kate Bornstein and her talk about surviving as a binary were she proposed ways to ease the conflict that she calls a battlefield for the binary. She explained her thoughts on that it don’t always have to be one or the other.

That gender is relative, gender can be anything. There are very few definitive truths and many arguable truths, and we should build a world that allows for arguable truths about gender and such like. Learn to agree to disagree on arguable truths, and accept the grayzone. Another example is one of my reflections where I was mentioning a book I had read called Terror in the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious Violence. It looks at different violent attacks of religious groups and the logic behind them, the cultures behinds these people and their views. What their views are, why and how religious terrorism differ from political terrorism. Its argument is that there is more to it when it comes to terrorism than just an act of violence, people believe they are doing the right thing. “A terrorist is someone’s freedom fighter.” That they believe that they’re doing the right thing in God’s eyes, that they are the heroes. I think this book was interesting and relevant to this subject because it shows how complex conflicts are in a world filled with so many different beliefs. This reflection relates to the important idea we talked about regarding to see from another worldview than the one we have. Not to necessarily agree but cultural perspective is the first and most important step to any resolvement. On the other hand I’ve also learned how neutrality as a conflict resolution can sometimes reinforce existing power imbalances. In Leah Wing’s work that we read, she talked about the complicated relationship between mediation, social justice and neutrality. She suggests that mediation based on neutrality can sometimes reinforce existing power imbalances, especially in the subject of racial equality.

As a mediator, you’re technically only there for the process and making sure the discussion or conflict goes well. What needs to be figured out is if before the process start, the mediator should make sure that the “teams” are on even grounds, then after that be completely neutral. This is the strategy of equity, which is giving everyone what they need succeed. Which I personally believe in and promote. Equality is treating everyone the same and aims to promote fairness, but that only work if everyone starts from the same place. So, I think as a mediator you need to start with the strategy of equity, and once things are leveled out, you can use equality.

How to Make Your Community Better Essay

Gordon B. Hinckley once said, “Some of our finest work comes through service to others”. Fill in generic info. There are many opportunities for service in Charleston. By volunteering, you can make a major impact on our community, improve your character, and obtain a new perspective. The Ronald McDonald House, located downtown, offers amazing service opportunities that can have a major impact on others’ lives.

The Ronald McDonald House provides a place for families to call home so they can stay close to their hospitalized child at little to no cost. Volunteers are needed to cook, host, listen, nurture, or just simply be there to help in any way they can. By serving at the Ronald McDonald house you can have a positive impact on the lives of those who are going through a difficult time in their lives. Add funding, a number of volunteers, etc… The Lowcountry Food Bank is an organization that fights hunger in our community. Volunteers are needed to do a multitude of things, including preparing meals, sorting, packaging, distributing, donating, and teaching others about nutrition.

At the Lowcountry Food Bank, they work to end hunger and make a difference. Add more stuff By serving at the Lowcountry Food Bank you can give back to those who are less fortunate and contribute to making their lives better. Lowcountry Orphan Relief is an organization in which you can help improve children’s lives. Their main goals are to support and assist children identified as “at-risk or suffering from abandonment, abuse and/or neglect.” in the Lowcountry. Quote from the website“Together we have an opportunity to contribute to our children’s future, be part of an enduring effort that promotes safety and the well-being of our children, providing them with the necessities of life and a welcoming, safe environment.” Add more info By volunteering at Lowcountry Orphan Relief you can help provide resources and help to children identified as at-risk or suffering from abandonment, abuse, and/or neglect.

By volunteering, you are not just helping others. In a way, you are benefiting yourself. In the article “The Effects of Volunteering on a Young Volunteer”, the impacts that volunteer work can have on a student are shown. The article suggests that diverse, successful volunteer programs for adolescents, along with school-based support, are related to improving academically and socially. Results showed less suspension, failed courses, and school dropouts. Higher reading grades were reported students had an overall improved self-concept and attitudes toward society. By getting adolescents involved in volunteer work, they are able to obtain a new perspective and improve their character. The service opportunities mentioned in this piece are just a few among the many organizations that need YOUR help to succeed and make a difference. There are many volunteer work opportunities available in our community and by contributing to these causes you can change lives. By volunteering, you are not only making the world a better place, but making a major impact on our community, improving your character, and obtaining a new perspective.

Elementary School Safety Patrol Essay

Introduction

Elementary school safety patrols are a vital component of maintaining a safe and organized environment within schools. These dedicated students take on the responsibility of ensuring the well-being of their peers and promoting a culture of safety. This informative essay will explore the role and significance of elementary school safety patrols, discussing their duties, training, and the positive impact they have on the school community.

Duties of Elementary School Safety Patrol

Elementary school safety patrols are entrusted with several important duties to maintain a safe and orderly school environment. Their responsibilities typically include monitoring traffic and assisting students during arrival and dismissal times, ensuring students cross the road safely, maintaining order in hallways and common areas, and supporting staff during emergency drills and evacuations. Safety patrols also act as positive role models for their peers, encouraging responsible behavior and adherence to school rules. By fulfilling these duties, safety patrols play a vital role in preventing accidents, promoting a sense of security, and fostering a culture of responsibility among students.

Training and Preparation

To effectively carry out their responsibilities, elementary school safety patrols undergo thorough training and preparation. They receive guidance from teachers, administrators, and local law enforcement agencies to understand their roles and responsibilities. Training sessions cover traffic safety procedures, communication skills, conflict resolution, and emergency protocols. Safety patrols also learn how to effectively manage and communicate with their peers, demonstrating leadership qualities and responsibility. Through this training, safety patrols gain the necessary knowledge and skills to perform their duties effectively, ensuring the safety of their fellow students.

The Positive Impact of Elementary School Safety Patrol

Elementary school safety patrols have a significant positive impact on the school community. Firstly, they contribute to the overall safety of the school by preventing accidents and promoting responsible behavior. By actively monitoring traffic and ensuring safe crossings, safety patrols minimize the risk of accidents during busy arrival and dismissal times. Their presence in hallways and common areas helps maintain order and discourages disruptive behavior. Moreover, safety patrols serve as role models for their peers, inspiring responsible conduct and reinforcing positive values within the school community. They instill a sense of pride and responsibility among their fellow students, fostering a culture of accountability and cooperation.

Benefits for Safety Patrol Members

Being part of the elementary school safety patrol not only benefits the school community but also provides numerous advantages for the safety patrol members themselves. Serving as safety patrols allows students to develop leadership skills, responsibility, and self-confidence. They learn the importance of teamwork and effective communication while working collaboratively with their peers and school staff. Safety patrols also gain a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction from actively contributing to the well-being of their school community.

Conclusion

Elementary school safety patrols play a crucial role in ensuring the safety and well-being of students. Their dedication, training, and responsible conduct contribute to maintaining an orderly and secure school environment. By monitoring traffic, assisting students, and promoting responsible behavior, safety patrols create a culture of safety and accountability within the school community. Additionally, safety patrol members themselves benefit from the experience by developing valuable leadership skills and a sense of responsibility. The presence of elementary school safety patrols enhances the overall safety and positive atmosphere within the school, fostering an environment conducive to learning and growth.

Community Service and Leadership Essay

The challenges for managers in community services in Australia

One of the major challenges in community services in Australia faced by managers is financial management or funding. All managers who take part in discussions about finances establish funding from different sources to ensure an affordable future in the organization ( McCarthy et al., 2013). This is because of the government’s ongoing change in funding arrangements based on their policy and priorities in order to a manager are frustrated, they need to spend time inconstantly and research funding agencies, they have to write a report, and they have to know about agencies’ update information in order to get reach to new information (McCarthy et al., 2013). For example, Albany Halfway House provides for Elderly people about people have Mental Health in order to get funding and run programs in the future, As a manager who has to link to another support such as the Department of Health, this will help and support the fund when these agencies need ( Western Australia Association for Mental Health, n.d). Therefore, a manager is challenged with funding resources in the organization, so agency funding is one of the resources that help for organization keep ongoing.

Another major challenge faced by community services is demanding the role of manager which means changing management. The issue is demanding of manager time. In this situation, managers who demand to maintain current emerging issues with speed constantly (McCarthy, 2013), for example, funding area is the one issue, this is because managers do not direct customer delivery, and spend a lack of time in this situation such as Albany halfway Houses which do not have enough staff in order to give services for client’s ( Western Australian Association for Mental Health, n.d). In reality, a manager has to be involved in direct service delivery, This is because the expectation from clients and staff is that managers who the ones involved in this position and do not get rid of realities from daily service delivery. Thus. managers need to be involved and funding agencies require managers to be competitive and take responsibility in various ways in order for to customers have service delivery daily.

Human resources management is one challenge for managers in community services such as staff and people who volunteer, they are essential resources in the organization. Managers have to select, recruit, and train staff and volunteer people, realize the size of the organization, and know about a little bit of these (McCarthy et al., 2013). Therefore, it is an issue about human resources and affects to organization’s human resources. In addition, the role of volunteers in community services is different from that of volunteers outside of services such as private and public sectors. Besides that, volunteering is one of the most important resources in order to function in some organizations, but some volunteers keep constant to continue to take part in activities in community services in order to get outcomes and experiences from the community ( McCarthy et al., 2013). Therefore, human resources are one of the challenges managers face in managing their staff and volunteers in order to be successful, managers have to train them well to achieve an outcome in community service.

The challenge leaders face in community services

There are many key challenges for leaders in community services about alcohol and drugs in Australia which leaders have to face with Alcohol and drug patient treatment. In reality, many people misuse alcohol and drug and abuse, and the reason they are addicted to alcohol and drug because they drink with family, friends, colleagues in order to solve the problems in organization (David, 2019), As a leader who have to control a group of worker to direct what to do to support people meet alcohol and drug, The challenges keys for a leaders who have to create a suitable planning for a long-term or short- term treatment and give worker instruction to address alcohol and drug people ( Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2017). This is because, as a leader have to understand their worker to ensure the workers give information to the clients accurately, In reality, some clients come from different countries and cultures, also clients sometimes have misinformation, and misunderstand what workers want to say about treatment (David, 2019). Therefore, to make sure clients can approach the treatment properly in the future, clients have to understand the concept of treatment and follow of workers said, and in order to get better health and reduce the number of drugs and alcohol in Australia.

The key challenge for a leader in community service regarding Alcohol and Drugs is about the impatient of client for the treatment ( David, 2019). This is because, the clients who do not follow the instructions of the leader tell them, so it is difficult for the leader to get well with the treatment for a leader to set up. It affects to future, in this situation, if the clients continue to not listen to a leader ( David, 2019). As a consequence, the number of people who have Alcohol and Drugs will increase in the future.

Another challenge for leaders in community services regarding Alcohol and drugs is financial, the funding the government support for Alcohol and Drug people is not affordable (David, 2019). According to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2017), the number of people with Alcohol and drugs is higher than in other years with 652 clients 100,000 compared with the year before 568 clients over 100,000, to solve this problem, leader who has to find the ways to support funding to do the treatment, as a leader who has to research and write a report and sending to different agencies to request the funding from them in order to can affordable fund in the future for those people ( David, 2019). Thus, to get treatment properly for clients and get funding for the future, as a leader I have to support and find different agencies funding to make sure the client’s treatment is affordable and effort in the future.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the essays above about leadership and management, there were three different styles of leadership and management, the differences between a leader and a manager, and the key challenges for a leader and a manager in community services with various sectors such as Alcohol and Drug, Mental Health and Dimension for Elderly people. To sum up, three different styles of leadership are Democratic which allows employees to contribute, participate, and have fair involvement in an activity, Autocratic which makes a decision and limits employees to taking part in an activity, and Laissez-faire which styles allows employees can do work at any time for their freedom as long finish by the ways they would like to do. In addition, there the differences between a manager and a leader, A manager follow their plan, control the employees, and ask question about “ how” and “when”. However, as a leadership who direct their employees, it means they understand employees and they put the work for suit with the employees and ask questions “ What” and” When”. Moreover, the key challenges for managers were funding, lack of human resources, and demand of roles such as spending less time on daily service delivery, On the other hand, as a leader who faced challenges with the organization people who have Drug and Alcohol such as funding, impatient of clients and treatment. Therefore, a manager and a leader working in that sector, have to follow and link to another agency to be able to support funding for the services affordable for them in the future, so that the number of clients will follow the treatment and reduce the number of clients in society in Australia.

References

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