The concept of reality, as well as the phenomenon of existence in general, has always been the focus of philosophic interpretations and the subject of numerous theories. A range of assumptions concerning the elements and factors that define objective reality have been created; however, Careys concept of reality as the phenomenon that exists not only on its own merits, but also as the reflection of peoples perception of the world, deserves a special analysis. Seeing that reality can be viewed as the projection of peoples feelings and experiences on the phenomena that the universe is characterized by, the communication as the means to render ones idea of reality and its elements can be viewed as the tool defining reality as people perceive it, which makes Careys argument entirely valid.
There are a range of proofs that Carey hints at communication being the process of creating reality as people see it instead of merely interpreting it. For instance, the very fact that Carey defines communication as symbolic culture (Carey Communication as Culture para. 10) shows that Carey envisions communication as the process of assigning certain objects and phenomena with denotations, which they presumably did not have before the conversation process started. In other words, Carey obviously means that the communication process allows for constructing a specific world, which exists throughout the conversation and ceases to once the process of information transfer is over and there is no need to sustain the existence of the constructs created in the process.
It can be assumed that Carey at some point avers that the social reality is the only reality that people can become a part of in the process of communication. Therefore, the idea of the existence of temporary reality, which is constructed in the process of a conversation, seems rather legitimate: society substitutes for the world revealed to our senses a different world that is a projection of the ideals created by the community (Holmes 133).
The above-mentioned interpretation of reality, in fact, is quite applicable to everyday conversations. For example, in my personal experience, when discussing a topical political issue with my opponents, I created the reality, in which the side that I supported was viewed as positive, and the one that I considered inappropriate as negative. The reality that I created complied with the basic principles of logic, yet it was entirely opposite to that one of my opponents, who also developed an entire universe, and rather accurate and logically structured one at that. As soon as we ended the discussion, these universes ceased to exist, which proves Careys argument in a very substantial way.
Nevertheless, the assumption concerning the creation of reality with the help of communication seems by far more legitimate an interpretation of Careys argument, as the author of the theory clearly point s at the fact that a range of concepts identified in the process of communication are created and not reconstructed; in other words, Carey makes it very clear that a conversation is the manifestation of communication not in the transmission of intelligent information but in the construction and maintenance of an ordered, meaningful cultural world that can serve as a control and container for human action (Carey 15).
As cognizing the objective reality without viewing it through the lens of ones own vision of the world, experiences, principles and convictions, there are obvious reasons to aver that the reality as people see it partially owes its existence to the communication process between people.
Works Cited
Carey, James W. Communication as Culture, Revised Edition: Essays on Media and Society. New York, NY: Routledge, 2008. Print.
Life on the Earth is impossible without effective and clear communication between men and women. It is an obvious fact which cannot be doubted. However, there is a problem which has been actual throughout all history of humanity. It is the problem of mutual understanding between representatives of the opposite sex. The history of humanity counts for many centuries and they should have learned how to do that. However, the problem remains. Men and women communicate differently and misunderstandings occurring in the process of communication can lead to severe consequences which can result in great problems connected with the survival of humanity.
First of all it should be said that the problem lies in physiological sphere. It is known how important for woman is to know everything about her man in order to share his problems or feelings, trying to help him somehow. However, this is where the difference lies. Men keep their problems to themselves and dont see the point in sharing personal issues. (Lieberman, n.d., para. 8). It is totally unclear for women which prefer to share everything with people close to them. Valuating mens unwillingness to share their problems as mistrust women can be deeply offended. In their turn men are often irritated with womens constant desire to talk and pour their problems on them.
The second difference is connected with the previous one and lies in the realization of the main purpose of communication which comes from the peculiarities of mens and womens brain. The mens idea of the communication lies in fact that communication should have a clear purpose (Drobnick, n.d., para. 3). There is no need talking if everything is clear and understandable. However, it does not work with women. Their brain is known to be more emotional then rational mens brain. Women are created to be loving mothers and support their children with care and warm feelings while men should decide more pragmatic problems by their pragmatic brain. That is why women use communication as a tool for sharing their emotions and establishing some certain level of intimacy. For this reason certain lack of understanding can rise between men and women.
And one more reason responsible for occurring problems in communication between men and women is the way they perceive the reaction to their words. It is again connected with psychology. Men are less emotional that is why they need much less attention or signs of appreciation of their words. Some slight nod of head or just a scanty smile of acceptance will be enough for them. Women on the contrary need very emotional and obvious signs that their words are appreciated or they will be deeply offended. Womens demand to watch right on them while they are talking is widely known. In other way they consider their interlocutors to be not interested in what she says. Men do not understand this demand, as they can perfectly perceive everything doing some other mechanical actions.
Having outlined only several of differences in the way men and women talk it is possible to come to conclusion that they really do communicate differently and often it becomes the reason for some further problems in relations. That is why it is very important for them to get to know about the peculiarities of the communication of different sex and be more tolerant to them. The future of the planet depends on the success of this communication as men and women should build it together.
Reference List
Drobnick, R. (n.d.). 5 Ways Men & Women Communicate Differently. Web.
Lieberman, S. (n.d.). Differences in Male and Female Communication Styles. Web.
People cannot live without communications. Interpersonal communication is very important in order to share personal experience, be aware of news, analyze and criticize novelties, and develop day by day. In science, interpersonal communication is introduced as a process of sending and receiving different kind of information between people (two or more). Today, people have lots of opportunities to share information of any kind any time: phones, e-mail, letters, face-to-face meetings, etc. Usually, intercommunication depends on numerous personal traits, such as shyness, uncertainty, fear, and many others.
It seems likely that shyness and public self-consciousness could impact social interaction in a separate and additive manner or in an interactive manner. (Bruch et al., 1995) Lots of researches have been already conducted in order to analyze the reasons of shyness and its influence on intercommunication. This paper presents the analysis of two articles of different writers from different continents: Interpersonal Communication and Personality: Self and Other Perspectives by the representatives from the Chinese University, and Shyness and Public Self-Consciousness: Additive or Interactive Relation with Social Interaction by the representatives from the American University. It evaluates their points of view and studies their ideas concerning interpersonal communication and possible obstacles.
Discussion
Lack of eye contact is one of the most noticeable signs of shyness. When a person tries to contact with another person or even a group of people and does not watch the reactions of listeners, the results of such kind of interpersonal communication may be rather frustrating. It is crucially important to observe changes, which happen to a listener after a speaker pronounces each word. To make conversation more effective and achieve the desirable results, it is obligatory to study the audience and analyze what may confuse or what can make an impression. People, who do not shy to communicate, present, and prove their points of view, are usually focused on the idea of how to impress the other people and improve personal skills.
In their turn, shy people are constantly thinking about their personal self-improvement without consulting other people, analyzing their criticism, and without true understanding of what should be changed and why. In order to help people communicate and develop their personal skills and knowledge, it is crucially important to find out the causes of shyness and analyze them. According to the research conducted by Bruch, Hamer, and Heimberg, shyness is related to such variables, which reflect a negative self-bias. The purpose of this study was to test the degree to which dispositional shyness and public self-consciousness contributed in an additive and/or interactive fashion to cognitive and behavioral aspects of dysfunctional social interaction. (Bruch et al. 1995)
Without any doubts, personality traits play an important role during interpersonal communication and the perception of information. Leung and Bond the writers, who make an attempt to analyze interpersonal communication and the role of personality in this process. It is necessary to study the links between a person, a group of people, the person speaks to, and possible styles of communication. The work of these people is grounded on previous researches conducted by Cheek and Weaver.
Cheek studied the vicious circle of shyness and social skill deficits. Shy people are lonely and isolated with few friends. (Leung and Bond, 2001) According to the investigation presented by Leung and Bond, it is necessary to point out two major perspectives: self-perception and the perception of other people. The peculiar feature of this research is that they have paid attention to gender roles. It is necessary to admit that womens communication style and mens communication style have a little in common.
Men and women choose different ways to interpret information, and such different interpretations may cause numerous misunderstandings. This is why, when a person start any interpersonal communicational process, it is better to pay attention to the group of people (the audience), their possible preferences, and forget about personal shyness and other drawbacks in order to start a valuable conversation. Several gender differences in conversation need to be also examined: independence versus intimacy, report talk versus rapport talk, lecturing versus listening, and dominance versus cooperation. (Leung and Bond, 2001).
Conclusion
The ideas of these two works presented by the representatives of two countries have lots in common as well as lots differences. All of them agree that shyness is one of the major obstacles while interpersonal communication. In order to develop communicative skills, it is necessary to identify the sources of shyness (whether it is generic or not) and participate in different kinds of programs to improve personal self-consciousness. Interpersonal communication is a key of todays progress and further development of the society. People cannot stop communicate but improve it day by day. New technologies and unlimited opportunities to communicate any time being in any place this is what makes modern communication more available. The only obstacle people may have is their personal traits such as shyness and uncertainty. To make this or that interpersonal communication more effective, it is important to check the content of each message, analyze body movements, facial expressions, and changes in tone of voice.
Reference List
Bruch, M. A., Hamer, R. J., and Heimberg, R. G. (1995, March). Shyness and Public Self-Consciousness: Additive or Interactive Relation with Social Interaction? Journal of Personality, 63 (1), 47 62.
Leung, S. K. and Bond, M. H. (2001). Interpersonal Communication and Personality: Self and Other Perspectives. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 4. 69 86.
It creates communication issues for social integration.
Social skills enhance and improve communication.
Adolescents experience mental and social changes.
Adolescence is seen in many societies as a phase of advancement. Under this phase, limits are obscured, and classifications of the age group contrast across geographical regions. It is acknowledged that during this time, the youngsters are experiencing articulated physical, mental, and social changes, which present challenges novel to this phase, and the communication of these developmental changes and the determinants of wellbeing influence social integration.
Thesis Statement
Social skills are endowments required for interaction and communication. These skills permit verbal, nonverbal, or assertive communication using sign languages, body language, sounds, gestures, or physical appearance. Social skills are portrayed by practices shown by the people in a relational setting in which they express sentiments, mentalities, feelings or rights satisfactorily for the circumstance, regarding similar conduct in others (Bell & Condren, 2016; Smith et al., 2020).
These abilities are infused via learning, and the exhibition level varies, relying on the formative stage, social and situational factors. Adolescence is a developmental stage in which the social abilities assume an essential requirement for social integration and the quest for self-affirmation and control (Bireda & Pillay, 2018). Thus, social skills enhance the capacity to communicate and integrate with society.
Types of Communication
Non-assertive communication
Adolescents devalue their opinion;
Cannot decide;
Do not enforce their rights;
Passive response;
Accepts decisions.
Aggressive Communication
Hostile and demanding;
Do not consider peoples needs and opinion;
Loud and overbearing;
Communication is hostile;
Lacks respect.
Assertive communication
Polite and confident;
Is not persuasive;
Confident response;
Make decisions;
Needs are expressive;
Communication is genuine.
Non-assertive communicators feel low about their values and need to be acknowledged, preferred, and consistently permit others to make decisions. According to Gareil 2000, non-assertive communication behaviors could be weak, and meek. Nonverbal relation skill relates to being non-self-assured and includes self-isolation, utilizing a calm tone, staying quiet, demonstrating apprehension with spasms, sweating, shaking, and outward appearances. Non-assertive communication skills could be useful when developed effectively. Attributes of non-assertive conduct include not communicating sentiments, needs, and thoughts, overlooking individual rights, and permitting others to encroach upon them.
Non-assertive communicators feel low about their values and need to be acknowledged, preferred, and consistently permit others to make decisions. Non-assertive communication behaviors could be weak, and meek. Nonverbal relation skill relates to being non-self-assured and includes self-isolation, utilizing a calm tone, staying quiet, demonstrating apprehension with spasms, sweating, shaking, and outward appearances. Non-assertive communication skills could be useful when developed effectively. Attributes of non-assertive conduct include not communicating sentiments, needs, and thoughts, overlooking individual rights, and permitting others to encroach upon them. Individuals often pick non-assertive conduct to keep away from undesirable circumstances, strain, strife, and showdown.
Assertive communicators attempt their best to be earnest, legit, prudent, open-minded, and secure. Assertive individuals are called sophisticated, ready, well-meaning, and develop.
Emphatic discussions tell others what your needs are. Nevertheless, it gives the choice to address issues individually. The attributes of assertive conduct include emotions, needs, thoughts, and manners that do not disregard people privileges. This type of communication is genuine, immediate, expressive, unconstrained, and self-upgrading. Assertive individuals accomplish objectives based on set benchmarks. Acting confidently fortifies positive sentiments, develops self-assurance, and enables open associations with others.
Aggressive communication skill is overbearing and repulsive. The social skill comes from feeling stuck in a dilemma where individuals disrespects ones necessities and suppositions. Hostility will turn into the predominant method of communication when the speaker feels tuned in or unrivaled. While aggressive communication is important, it affects social communication and integration.
Strategies to Improve Adolescents Communication Skills
Adopting the offense path;
Repeat decisions;
Fogging communication;
Compromise communication.
Adopting the offense path
Recognize a conflicting conversation;
Organize support for the conflicting discussion;
Provide opinions against the contradictory discussion;
Maintain a stance on the discussion;
Provide an informed offense without disrespecting other members.
Adolescence can apply this strategy to control a conversation. Under this technique, the individual would apply for the offending position rather than remain defensive throughout the conversation (Seif et al., 2019). The approach would enhance communicative skills, remove complex issues, and support social integration.
Compromise Communication
Adolescents can prevent confrontation with a compromise technique.
Partially accept the direction of the argument.
Hold a supportive offense without disrespecting the other parties involved.
Explain the compromised situation without confrontation.
Repeat Decision Strategy
Adolescents can overcome assertive or overbearing conversations by applying the repeat strategy. Under the repeat strategy, the individual must rephrase his or her stand in distinct ways.
For example, the individual would decline an offer by saying No.
If the offer is sustained, the individuals can say, no, thank you.
If the person is pressured to accept the offer, the next response could be, I wish I could accept your offer, and I am very sorry.
Fogging Communication Strategy
This strategy improves the repeated technique. Under this technique, the individual provides reasons the No answer cannot be compromised. Fogging communication is the best alternative to avoid confrontation with aggressive personalities.
The adolescent makes an excuse.
Avoids confrontation.
Case Scenario 1: Fogging Communication Strategy
Mark and John were returning from the gym when John brought out alcohol and cigarettes. John offers Mark cigarettes and a bottle of strong alcohol.
Response
Mark avoids saying no with another response.
Mark responds by saying he has counseling appointments with his mother.
Summary
Mark avoids confrontation with John by refereeing his choice of answer to his mother (higher authority).
Case Scenario 2: Compromise Strategy
A man and his female acquaintance were on a date when the man made a sexual advance. The man being persuasive wanted to have his way.
Response
The woman replied: I like you and pray you do not hurt my feelings today; I would like a goodnight hug.
Summary
She refused his offer.
She explains her stance on the issue.
She avoided a confrontation.
Social skill empowers adolescents, builds a collaborative attitude, encourages social integration, enhances healthy relationship, and mitigates peer pressure
Case 3: Repeat Strategy
John and Mark argued about racist protests and black marginalization.
John was aggressive in his arguments while suppressing Marks views.
Response
Mark repeats his arguments in distinct ways while contributing to the conversation string.
Summary
Mark was respectful.
Mark avoided confrontation.
Mark sustained communication under his terms.
Summary
Assertive communication training enhances self-esteem.
Prevent delinquent lifestyle.
Avoid depression and complex challenges.
Minimize aggressive tendency in school settings.
Social communication skill empowers adolescents to say No.
Build a collaborative attitude.
Encourages social integration.
Enhances healthy relationship.
Mitigate peer pressure and other negative social behaviors.
Conclusion
These skills permit verbal, nonverbal, or assertive communication using sign languages, body language, sounds, gestures, or physical appearance.
Social skills are portrayed by practices shown by the people in a relational setting.
Adolescence is a formative stage in which the social abilities assume a significant requirement for social integration and the quest for self-affirmation and control.
Adolescence is a phase where adjustments and changes should be made.
Thus, social skills enhance the capacity to communicate and integrate with society.
Assertive communicators attempt their best to be earnest, legit, prudent, open-minded, and strong.
Aggressive people enforce personal privileges and overlook the rights of others.
Attributes of forceful conduct include emotions, needs, and thoughts to the detriment of others.
Communication training enhances self-esteem, prevents delinquent lifestyle, helps to avoid complex challenges and minimize aggressive tendencies.
Communication theory is the basis of the modern approach to management as all individuals create meanings only in the course of interaction. For this reason, to exchange information effectively and organize processes, people should consider personal and interpersonal peculiarities of actors engaged in the interaction (West & Turner, 2014). Only under these conditions progress can be achieved.
Meaning
The main idea of the discussed theory is that meaning is the core of any communication as it should be created to achieve high levels of understanding. There are six levels of meaning that include content, speech acts, episodes, relationships, life scripts, and cultural patterns. All types are closely interrelated as the higher levels help to interpret and better understand low-level meanings (West & Turner, 2014). Consideration of all these elements helps to create beneficial cooperation and attain positive results.
Invention
The theory was firstly introduced by Pearce and Cronen in their cogitations about how people try to achieve improved understanding and coordination by managing the ways in which they convey meanings (West & Turner, 2014). They offer the metaphor of the theatrical world where people might understand each other better if they have a script. In other situations, there is a need for the achievement of conversational coherence to succeed and play well.
Development
The coordinated management of meaning theory (CMM) that emphasized the increased role of communication became one of the central conceptions because of the growing need to move away from the existed empirical tradition (West & Turner, 2014). For this reason, the utilization of various approaches and combination of philosophical, psychological, and educational perspectives created the basis for the further rise and CMMs becoming the dominant framework in the field of management.
Theoretical Framework
Another distinctive feature of CMM is its close connection with other significant theories. For instance, regarding the idea of social constructionism states that cooperating people co-construct their own social reality, which is critical for the improved understanding (West & Turner, 2014). That is why interpersonal and social meanings acquire the top priority for CMM as they help to understand the importance of communication better (Griffin, 2014).
Practical Application
Specialists state that CMM is the only practical theory that helps to achieve positive results in managing organizations by improving social interactions and communications between the members of the collective and contributes to the achievement of outlined goals (West & Turner, 2014). For this reason, the scope of its application is extremely broad. The integration of CMM into the functioning of organizations can have a positive impact on their results and future perspectives (Wassernan & Fisher-Yoshida, 2017). At the same time, the adherence to this very model might create the basis for the implementation of other communication theories that will help to understand the existing employees needs better and cultivate the positive atmosphere in teams, which is critical regarding the development of firms.
References
Cole, G. (2015). Management: Theory and practice. London, England: Cengage Learning.
Griffin, E. (2014). A first look at communication theory (9th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
Dainton, M., & Zelley, E. (2018). Applying communication theory for professional life: A practical introduction (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
Wassernan, I., & Fisher-Yoshida, B. (2017). Communicating possibilities: A brief introduction to the coordinated management of meaning. Chagrin Falls, OH: The Taos Institute Publications.
West, R., & Turner, L. (2014). Introducing communication theory (6th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
In this article, the author highlights the importance of effective communication in the massage therapy sphere. Nelson (2020) stipulates that therapists should draw attention to cooperate effectively with their clients, other healthcare providers, and peers. A principal strength of this article is that the author explains the significance of successful communication with each stakeholder group. Simultaneously, Nelson (2020) clarifies how one can establish a productive interaction with various stakeholders. As for weaknesses, it is only possible to admit that the article is very subjective because the author fails to support it with literature findings.
It is challenging to overestimate the significance of the writing piece for my field of study. Effective communication can significantly impact the quality of health care delivered to patients. That is why researchers and practitioners should draw more attention to this phenomenon. It is good that readers can use Nelsons (2020) article to locate practical recommendations on how to communicate more effectively. Furthermore, one should acknowledge that the writing piece under consideration is not unique, which denotes that other researchers conduct studies to assess and analyze communication in health care.
In conclusion, the article is a valuable source for massage therapy professionals. The author evidently demonstrates that these healthcare providers should do their best to communicate with patients, other professionals, and their peers effectively. If this goal is met, massage therapy providers can build a fulfilling practice that will be beneficial and helpful for all stakeholders engaged. I like the source since I understand the importance of the expressed ideas. That is why I will allocate more time and effort to improving my communication skills because this competency will make me a skillful healthcare provider.
Finding a consensus where both sides feel included in the conversation and the outcome is the essence of effective communication. Maintaining objectivity and being receptive to receiving information is necessary for good communication (Segal, 2008). The ability to exercise self-control is a crucial trait of emotional intelligence. This is significant since it enables individuals to monitor and moderate their attitudes before, throughout, and following a talk. People who lack this skill may find it challenging to enter debates in a passive position. The capacity to recognize, comprehend, and react to the sentiments of others is just as important as the capacity to articulate and control ones own emotions.
Empathy is an additional crucial skill of emotional intelligence. Empathy allows one to fully comprehend what the second person is saying, be interested in what they have to say, and stop them from passing judgment (Segal, 2008). This is crucial because it prevents individuals from listening and judging everyone else simultaneously, which prevents them from truly understanding what others have to say. Empathy enables people to maintain an open mind and prevents them from making hasty judgments about others. By attempting to comprehend others motivations and drivers by tuning in to their emotions, empathy enables people to tune in and fathom others.
This can be related to a situation where, as a marketing company manager, few clients would come in requesting to work with us. Still, having fewer funds than intended, I would listen to their pleas and reach an agreeable term. An example of an agreeable term we conjured was making payment progressively until the agreed amount is attained. Understanding their position is essential as that did promote the business more than expected.
At work, emotional intelligence is crucial because it enables one to recognize, analyze, comprehend, and control their own emotions and those of others. Control of ones emotions enables one to mentor and assist others, making them happier and more prosperous (Segal, 2008). Emotional intelligence aids one in increasing productivity at work. As was previously described in the communication segment, one may reach conclusions more efficiently and finish activities more quickly when they are empathic and aware of other peoples feelings. Colleagues who exhibit emotional intelligence at work are more likely to become skilled communicators. Since emotions spread easily, showing blatant motivation, empathy, accountability, and collaboration could inspire ones team to follow along easily because teamwork goes hand in hand with a shared vision.
Depending on the individual, people can apply emotional intelligence in daily life. Being capable of dealing with criticism is one of the many methods to enhance emotional intelligence. Since people engage in various contexts, accepting criticism as a personal quality will make it easier to avoid holding grudges because it strengthens ones emotions. Emotional intelligence significantly impacts ones ability to carry on after an error is made since it helps one become resilient, particularly when pursuing perfection, where several mistakes are made.
Ones convictions and ideals influence ones personality, including ones ability to say no when necessary. Emotionally intelligent people have higher self-esteem, more significant moral convictions, and are less susceptible to persuasion. People with simple ideas are frequently decided and motivated by themselves. Being emotionally intelligent improves ones ability to find solutions to situations that benefit everyone. A supportive atmosphere with friends, family, and coworkers is essential. To effectively express emotional intelligence to others, problem-solving should always start from a personal viewpoint.
My father portrayed an excellent personal experience to be shared concerning this in a home setting, where he pitched a computer business idea to my mother as the head of the household. She, on most occasions, would agree with him. But for this particular situation, she had severe doubts and advised him against going through with the idea. Since my father prides himself on being decisive, he engaged with the idea even without her support. However tricky it was at the beginning, the computer business took hold, and he is now the countys largest dealer. Through sheer persistence, he achieved his dream despite not always succeeding on other fronts.
Performance can be significantly influenced by emotional intelligence in any situation. People can create a pleasant atmosphere for everyone by strengthening ones emotional intelligence and that of others who surround them. Examining ones emotional intelligence development through time helps with this (Segal, 2008). It is important to note that individuals must analyze their emotional intelligence history after self-evaluating their shortcomings. One might review how they handled different situations by reflecting on their methods of operation, such as how they compose emails and texts.
Daily emotional intelligence training alone can help one get better at it. The idea is to apply all one learns about emotional intelligence from others and oneself daily. One might create a list of areas to strengthen by identifying deficiencies and seeking assistance and comments. Some activities may only need oneself, such as assessing ones body language and facial gestures while examining oneself in the mirror. As part of other duties, you might have to interact with various people to exercise emotional intelligence in a natural context. Making an effort to raise ones emotional intelligence can assist them in advancing in any situation and encourage those around them to follow suit. It is important for one to keep in mind the listed attributes since emotional intelligence helps in personal growth whenever engaged in any setting.
Reference
Segal, J. (2008). The Language of Emotional Intelligence. McGraw-Hill Companies.
Imagine standing in the hallway and seeing a person you do not particularly like interacting with. You have eye contact, and you are already aware of this persons intentions. You know that this person will start walking toward you even before they begin to do so, and you casually begin to walk in the opposite direction as if you did not see this individual. How are people able to evaluate facial cues and peoples intentions in such a short period? Today, I will be talking about eye contact, one of the essential communication skills that people possess.
While many of you might not delve into the essence of human interaction, it is still vital to understand how eye contact impacts all our communication with others and what benefits come from such skill. As an extrovert, I am quite interested in communication and its facilitators, and I believe that the information on eye contact might be important to both extroverts and introverts. I will explain several ways in which eye contact influences the human bonding experience and efficiency of interaction.
Discussion
There are a variety of motives to think that eye contact might be important, and the first reason is that it encourages attentiveness. Eye contact, or when two individuals look each other in the eyes, is a common occurrence in communication, especially when partners are passing the verbal baton at the endpoints of speaking sessions.
According to the study of Wohltjen and Wheatley (2021), eye contact has been shown to increase attentiveness, so it is likely that this impact might urge participants during key parts of a conversation to encourage this interchange. Eye contact is common but brief in everyday conversation, lasting an average of 1.9 seconds (Wohltjen & Wheatley, 2021). This shows that these sustained attention pushes are not randomly placed but rather take place at certain periods to maximize both participants attention.
Second, eye contact is a potent visual indicator for fostering connections and more profound understanding among communicators.
According to Jiang et al. (2017), it has a significant impact on a number of effective sensory communication, including face detection, gender identification, and recognizing facial expressions. Although when two individuals assume they are listening closely to each other, it is still possible to have misinterpretation. A discussion can be focused on, and facial emotions may be interpreted more easily when communicators have eye contact. This might enhance comprehension, and enhancing comprehension may greatly enhance two-way interaction.
Lastly, eye contact is essential for the development of social bonds. Eye contact has been found to activate the brain mirror system. This implies that as soon as an individual makes eye contact with someone, similar neurons that are activating in their brain will additionally activate in another persons brain. According to Wever et al. (2022), if the eyes of one person are expressing happiness, another participants neurons will likewise trigger to experience happiness.
As eye contact time lengthens, it is most probable that the social bonding function of eye contact in social engagement with others becomes more important (Wever et al., 2022). Therefore, the study demonstrated that prolonged exposure to dynamic facial stimuli results in increased emotional involvement and more positive judgments from the receiver to the sender.
Conclusion
Today I have reviewed how vital eye contact is in each of our daily interactions and how it allows the individual to receive specific cues from the sender. The next time you interact with someone, you will see that every eye contact or facial expression has a certain meaning or an urge to either reply or react in some way to their actions or words. Understanding the importance of communication is rewarding since it develops a sense of self-awareness and awareness of others.
The focus on primate vocal communication and its significance to the evolution of speech, the main form of human communication, led to the selection of a paper by Fischer J. (2021), Primate Vocal Communication and the Evolution of Speech. This paper examines the development of primal communication and its potential connection to the evolution of human linguistic practices. The need to comprehend the evolutionary origins of language drove a large number of studies into the communicative capacities of primal species. In addition to addressing the concerns of syntax and semantics, the author also touches on the function of social cognition in communication (Fischer 57).
Key elements of primal speech communication, including innate structure, learning, adaptive choices, and call structure modification, were examined in this study. The article also mentions that primates are able to process simple patterns in sequences or artificial grammars but were significantly outperformed by humans in this regard.
Discussion
The author provides several key points to support the argument. According to the study, non-human primates vocal repertoires have evolved in a fairly conservative manner compared to human speech (Fischer 55). Calls may vary within specified bounds depending on the callers psychological mood or social experience. The article relies on a variety of sub-components, including the creation of a conventionalized signaling system for attributing others intentions and states of knowledge as well as external events, objects, or thoughts to semantics (Fischer 56).
It also depends on a syntactic engine for creating and comprehending the languages hierarchical structure. Moreover, the importance of the article is that researchers who look at non-human primate communication from a linguistic or biological perspective have to be conscious of the benefits and drawbacks of their methods. A focus on the mechanisms underpinning signaling and reactions to signals is advantageous, which was highlighted by the author.
The author achieved the purpose of the article of examining the connection between human linguistic communication and primal communication. The capacity to analyze sounds and quickly assign different tunes with meaning is perhaps what distinguishes non-human primates from humans (Fischer 58). As a result, rather than changes in comprehension, one of the secrets to understanding the development of speech appears to lay aside changes in neuronal regulation during vocalization. The solution, however, goes beyond exact call production control. The desire to interact with the outside world is an additional crucial factor. The motivation, according to the author, is to engage in social and mental coordination, a special human quality (Fischer 59). This serves as a foundation for verbal communication as well as the growth of a sophisticated theory of mind, or the capacity to ascribe beliefs and information to other people.
The authors analysis can be assessed as the key strength of the article since it takes into account different perspectives and case studies from different authors. This methodology proved to be successful in providing unbiased and thorough research. The article states that in human communication, linguistic meaning is dependent on the signaler and receiver, taking into account each others emotional states and the relationship between the word and what it stands for (Fischer 58).
By assuming that callers are a first-order intentional system, it is possible to explain primate speech communication. In this scenario, the sender has a particular state of knowledge or belief as well as the intention or desire to alter the recipients behavior. Another strong point is the conclusion that the author draws, stating that primates vocal conduct can therefore be interpreted as intentional (Fischer 59).
The goal of signalers is to elicit specific responses from receivers, and they are aware of whether their verbal act has had the anticipated outcome (Fischer 59). The capacity to analyze sounds and quickly assign new sounds with meaning is the key to what distinguishes non-human primates from humans (Fischer 58). As a result, rather than changes in comprehension, one of the secrets to understanding the development of speech appears to lay aside changes in neuronal regulation during vocalization.
The author not only conducts an in-depth and engaging examination but also evaluates weak points and restrictions of the analysis. The investigation of early communication is influenced by linguistic notions, even though they are also constrained (Fischer 58). Due to the fact that linguistic notions were initially created to describe and study a derived and highly specialized system of communication, they ignore what is important to the animals ecology and perhaps even their own evolution (Fischer 60). Essentially, this indicates that future studies must adopt a multifaceted strategy.
Conclusion
Concluding, it can be seen that the chosen article showed a balanced perspective toward one of the key anthropological concepts language, verbal, and gesture communication. The author thoroughly traced the connections in the evolution of primal communication and their relevance in assessing the linguistic development of humans. This topic is equally valuable in different fields and, therefore, can be analyzed through different lenses. Using an anthropological and linguistic approach, in this case, proved to be beneficial for the research. Overall, the analysis showed the need for future studies to get a deeper understanding of the issue. Despite the fact that the article did not leave any of the questions stated unanswered, the implications and potential of the research are substantial.
The variation in communication between men and women indicates how the two sexes are different. Communication of a particular sex to the other greatly differs as compared to same-sex communication. Men and women always have diverse differences in the meaning of what right entails. The differences that emerge between the two genders are based on the fact that what is perceived as a mutual benefit by one gender might seem the exact opposite to the other. The distinctive socializing experiences of the two sexes create separate rules and realities for each gender (Caplan, J (1994).
The aspect that should be taken into consideration in the communication between the two genders is how people behave and speak to one another. The tonal difference that entails between the two clearly gives a distinction on the communication perspective. Though they may give the idea of using the same words, a difference in the emphasis of the same words is attained and the implication of this aspect might result in the misunderstanding that usually crops. On matters concerning sensitivity, women are more affected than men and this is the solemn reason that a disrupt usually emerges tending to the breakdown the communication.this is so because the way men communicate is laid on the basis that they have to take time to analyze what they have to give attributes to before communicating.
This by far shows how communication is greatly different between the two genders. In many occurrences, men consider the outcome of their communication as they speak as compared to the females who start communicating and gain the insight of their communication later.
Does it make a difference in the workplace?
In the workplace, when women enter a hierarchical workplace, they frequently try to balance power, talk about relationships and share power equally (Fleishman, E.A. 1953). This is perceived differently with men in that they consider themselves as the dominant gender and when a woman is in the leadership, position in the workplace, most men seem inferior. This aspect is what deters them from effectively laying down the pressing issues that surround them thus hindering the effective communication between the two genders.
The sensitivity aspect in the workplace when taken into serious consideration can clearly break the communication between the two genders in that when women take their anger towards men attitude develops therefore leading to communication barriers that might result in incompetence within the workforce (Caplan, J (1994). Tackling work by men is usually perceived in a rather different perspective in that they built an accord with the task in hand when they are already in it as compared to women who build a relationship first in the task. In the work setup, this might result in a conflict of interest between the two parties in that a consensus will not be attained unless the two sides come to a focal point agreement (Moir, A. & Jessel, D 1989).
To get a solution to these conflicts that are between the two, an understanding must exist which has to be for the benefit of both parties. This will create a mutual agreement in the workplace thus offering effective avenues to development and growth in work.
In the workforce, it is therefore a vital role to uphold the paramount possible communication between men and women in the workplace that will ensure that effective assessment and delivery of services as a whole is attained.
Reference
Caplan, J (1994). Thinking Critically About Research on Sex and Gender. New York: Harper Collins.
Fleishman, E.A. (1953). The description of supervisory behavior. Personnel Psychology 37(1), 1-6.
Moir, A., & Jessel, D (1989). Brain sex: The real difference between men and women New York: Dell Publishing.
