Category: Cesar Chavez

Cleopatra’s life was very interesting. Being born into the Ptolemy family, life was not easy. She had to be very smart and intelligent to even stay alive. She was her father’s favorite so she learned from the best person to rule. She got married to her father so he could have someone by his side. A year later, he died and Cleopatra and her brother were co-rulers. But as time went on, her brother wanted to rule by himself and it was clear that he would do anything to make sure that happened. So, when Julius Caesar came she saw her chance. She talked her way into making Caesar think that they were in love and they had a kid. She had everything she wanted, she was a ruler and had everything set up for her son since Caesar was the most powerful ruler in the world at that time.

Sadly, Caesar was killed by his people. After hearing this, Cleopatra knew she needed to come up with a new plan and fast. She saw Mark Antony. That was the person whom we believe she really loved. She talked her way into his life and they eventually had a kid. But he had to leave and marry Octavia to keep his people happy. Cleopatra raised her kids while he was gone. He eventually came back and they were happy for a short time. Then Octavian started a civil war and he won. So Cleopatra sent Antony a letter saying she had died. He killed himself out of grief by trying to fall on his sword. He missed and died a slow painful death in the arms of Cleopatra. Cleopatra had been figuring out how to kill herself by snake venom. She also had one more chance to get power. She tried to talk her way into Octavian’s life. He declined her and left. Then Cleopatra took the venom and died.

Yes, I think they really loved each other. In my opinion, when Cleopatra saw that what she had been working towards was falling she stuck by him, same and Antony. They were more into each other then her and caesar as well. They really tried to make things work despite Antonyms empire falling and his people being mad at him. Antony killed himself when he thought Cleopatra had killed herself. That to me shows love and not being able to live without her. So yeah, I think they loved each other by all the signs they showed.

Antony is a party animal. All he wants to do is party and have fun. He also is pretty into himself meaning he knows he looks good and flaunts it. He also was a decent ruler before Cleopatra came along. Cleopatra is very, very intelligent. She thinks everything through and normally gets what she wants. She also knows how to work people or ‘woo’ them to have them work in her favor. She uses her body to get things she wants with men. She just has the woo factor and is irresistible with the way she talks.

Julius Caesar was smart, but not smart enough for Cleopatra. Even though he was the most powerful ruler in that time. He eventually gets so caught up in the Cleopatra mess that his own people turned against him and killed him. Octavian is also very smart. I feel like these people had to be to be successful in their time. He knows what he wants and he pretty much does anything to get it. He doesn’t let stupid things get in his way.

I like Octavian the most because he knew what he wanted and he got it. He didn’t let anyone including Cleopatra get in his way. He was also a person of good character in my opinion. He did what was right for his people. Even though he did start a war, in the end he ended up winning and became a very good ruler.

My least favorite is Cleopatra. She’s the one who made all these people die and if she just would’ve stayed in Egypt ten nobody else would’ve been bothered. She did what she had to do I guess but she didn’t need to do it this way. She could’ve just killed her brother and be done with it. But no, she had to go ruin more than one person’s life because she wanted everything for herself. I might be a little harsh but the fact that she just had to rule or had to be in control of everything is kind of annoying.

Dolores Clara Fernandez Huerta is a living human rights hero for several Latinos, especially for women. She spent the majority of her life as a political activist who strived to get better working conditions for farmworkers. Her focus was to help out the conditions of the families of farmers. Her main help towards The Farmworkers’ Movement has been dominated by Cesar Chavez. Cesar Chavez was her lifetime colleague and co-founder of what someday would become the United Farm Workers of America labor union. When it came to the campaign’s well-recognized slogan, Sí Se Puede, which stands for ‘Yes, we can’ in Spanish, it has often been wrongly assigned credit to Cesar Chaves. This catchphrase inspired President Barack Obama’s campaign slogan. President Barack Obama did recognize Huerta as the creator of the phrase in the year 2012 when he awarded her the Presidential Medal of Freedom for all of her work toward the Hispanic community. She still maintains her name in the headlines today in her fight for civil rights and labor equality for people who work in the fields.

Dolores Huerta was born on April 10, 1930, in Dawson, New Mexico. Her parents were Alicia and Juan Fernandez. She was the second of three children. Debra Michals says, “Dolores parents divorced when Dolores was three years old, and her mother moved to Stockton, California with her children. Dolores’s grandfather helped raise Dolores and her two brothers while her mother juggled two jobs as a waitress and cannery worker until she could buy a small hotel and restaurant”. Dolores admired her mother, the way her mother would encourage her and her brothers to get involved in youth activities and to strive to become something. “Dolores was an excellent student who worked hard. Despite her achievements, Dolores experienced racism many Mexicans and Mexican Americans suffered from, especially those who were farmworkers. At school, she was sometimes treated with suspicion and scorn. She was once accused by a teacher of stealing another student’s work because the teacher was convinced that Dolores was incapable of doing it on her own, due to her ethnic origin”. After graduating from Stockton High School in 1947, Huerta continued her education. She received an associate teaching degree from the University of the Pacific’s Delta College. She married Ralph Head while still being a student and had two daughters, though the couple soon divorced. She subsequently married fellow activist Ventura Huerta with whom she had five children, though that marriage also did not last. Huerta briefly taught school in the 1950s, but after seeing so many hungry farm children coming to school, she thought she could do more to help them by organizing farmers and farmworkers. Determined to help, Dolores began her career as an activist when she co-founded the Stockton chapter of the Community Service Organization (CSO) with Fred Ross in 1955. The CSO was a grassroots group that would work to end segregation, police brutality, discrimination and improve the economic conditions of farm workers.

As Biography.com editors say, “In 1960, Dolores Huerta started the Agricultural Workers Association (AWA). She set up voter registration drives and lobbied politicians to allow non–U.S. citizen migrant workers to receive public assistance and pensions and provide Spanish-language voting ballots and driver’s tests. During this time, Dolores met Cesar Chavez, a fellow CSO official, who had become its director”. In 1962, Dolores and Chavez tried to get the CSO to expand its effort to help farmworkers but the organization was too focused on urban issues and could not move its direction. Frustrated, they both left the CSO and together with Gilbert Padilla they co-founded the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA).

The two made an excellent team; Caesar would be the vigorous leader and speaker and Dolores would be the tough negotiator and skilled organizer. The AWA and the NFWA combined to become the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee (UFW) in 1965. Dolores served as the Vice President of the UFW until 1999. As Biography.com editors say, “That year (1965), the union took on the Coachella Valley grape growers, with Chavez organizing a strike of all farm workers and Huerta negotiating contracts”. Together Huerta and Chavez accomplished many things.

Dolores was the main leading organizer. Maria Godoy said, “She faced violence on the picket lines and sexism from both the growers she was staring down and their political allies and from within her own organization. At one point, a lawmaker is seen referring to Huerta as Chavez’s ‘sidekick.’ At a time when the feminist movement was taking root, Huerta was an unconventional figure: the twice-divorced mother of 11 children. ‘Who supports those kids when she’s out on these adventures?’ one of her opponents is shown asking in historical footage”. Her children would speak highly of their mother, but her dedication to the movement often left her family and children neglected. One of her daughters put it as if the movement had become her most important child. Despite the countless disparaging/disrespectful comments made about her ethnicity and gender, Huerta overcame the offensive comments and still helped organize the 1950 Delano strike of five-thousand grape workers. She was the lead negotiator for the worker’s contract that followed. Through her work with the UFW, she organized workers, advocated for safer working conditions and negotiated contracts. She fought for unemployment and healthcare benefits for the farmworkers. She was the driving force behind the nationwide table grape boycotts in the 1960s. Those events led to a successful union contract in 1970.

Biography.com states that “After five hard years, the United Farm Workers (now affiliated with the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations) signed a historic agreement with 26 grape growers that improved working conditions for farmworkers’. In this agreement it included the reduction of harmful pesticides, initiating unemployment and healthcare benefits.

In an interview with Maria Godoy, Dolores recalled and said, “We were in Arizona. We were organizing people in the community to come to support us. They had passed a law in Arizona that if you said, ‘boycott,’ you could go to prison for six months. And if you said ‘strike,’ you could go to prison. So we were trying to organize against that law. And I was speaking to a group of professionals in Arizona, to see if they could support us. And they said, ‘Oh, here in Arizona you can’t do any of that. In Arizona no se puede — no you can’t.’ And I said, ‘No, in Arizona sí se puede!’ And when I went back to our meeting that we had every night there … I gave that report to everybody and when I said, ‘Sí se puede,’ everybody started shouting, ‘Sí se puede! Sí se puede!’ And so that became the slogan of our campaign in Arizona and now is the slogan for the immigrant rights movement, you know, on posters. We can do it. I can do it. Sí se puede”. Her brave words encourage people and allowed them to move forward.

Dolores did not stop there, in the 1970s, she organized a national lettuce boycott that helped create the political climate for the passage of the 1975 Agricultural Labor Relations Act, the first law to recognize the rights of farmworkers to bargain collectively. Huerta continued to speak for a variety of causes such as advocating for comprehensive immigration policy and better health conditions for farmworkers. In 1988, she nearly lost her life when she was beaten by San Francisco police at a rally protesting the policies of then-presidential candidate George H. W. Bush. She suffered six broken ribs and a ruptured spleen.

Despite that tragic, senseless event, Huerta has been recognized and honored for all of her hard work as a fierce advocate for farmworkers, women, and immigrants. She has received the Ellis Island Medal of Freedom Award and was placed in the National Women’s Hall of Fame in 1993. That same year, she suffered the passing of her beloved friend and partner Ceasar Chavez who died of natural causes. She also received the Eleanor Roosevelt Human Rights Award in 1998. In 2000, she received the Puffin/Nation Prize for Creative Citizenship and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2012.

By 2015, she was a board member of the Feminist Majority Foundation, the Secretary-Treasurer Emeritus of the United Farm Workers of America, and the President of the Dolores Huerta Foundation, an institution rooted in community-organizing which she founded in 2002.

Huerta continues to live and even in her mid-eighties, she shows no sign of slowing down. Huerta is a living Latina icon and a powerhouse for social change. She co-founded the nation’s largest farmworkers union. She has had four elementary schools in California, one in Fort Worth, Texas, and a high school in Pueblo, Colorado named after herself. She was the first woman inU.S history to have been able to organize and lobby on behalf of migrant workers. In 2018 She walked the red carpet alongside many A-list celebrities at the Academy Awards. She took the stage with nine other activists during the performance of Common and Andra Day’s Oscar-nominated song “Stand up for Something.” In 2017, she became the subject of the documentary named Dolores. She continues to be an advocate for social issues involving immigration, income inequality and the rights of women and Latinos.

Culture is the characteristic of a certain group of people that defined things such as what language they speak, the type of religion they are, or the type of lifestyle they have and many other things. When it comes to cultures it’s very different for people in different societies, not everyone has the same culture and especially they do not share the same one. Culture varies in different things such as the foods they eat, again the religion they have and either if they are strict with it or often celebrate it and many others. Culture is the type of identity that a group of people lived. Such as a specific place, people are born and raised in certain cultured based upon what they were taught. But as they get older and move out they themselves start building their own cultures and it starts with the place they live, how they want to decorate it. And they begin to sketch their own life and stay to follow that, and move on to their kids, beginning a newer culture.

First of all, the language will be one of the important aspects of cultures as it is the most probably different in every culture and set everything in place to make things differently. Language is what defines you what makes you different, you might be similar to someone who is from Spain, might speak Spanish but the language is similar but words have a different meaning, different accent, different way to say it. Language makes you unique from other places around the world as is a way of communication that you know not everyone has that privilege to know certain languages. Now talking about this is very special, for the people that are bilingual and they are able to learn a different language and also get to know a different culture. Something I can talk about is about a person, who was bilingual, and was in way force to learned a culture that maybe in those day wasn’t the best but this person is Cesar Chavez, ”Born in Yuma, Arizona, to a Mexican American family, Chavez began his working life as a manual laborer before spending two years in the United States Navy’. Cesar Chavez was born and raised speaking Spanish but yet later on learning English was one of the most important thing that set him to start the Chicago movement. One aspect of the Chicano movement was the rights of workers (farmers). Cesar Chavez was willing to sacrifice his own life so that the union would continue and that violence was not used. Cesar did a lot for a move and a lot for Culture that he wanted justice, farmers being one already define you, who you are and what you like, what you live for. This defines how you live, what your passion is for.

Material culture is something that defines culture, as it has a major significance for people. Aspects or objects of a culture which can include types of house that one might have as they might have a significant value, the cities, areas. For example people from Pakistan wear Shalwar Kameez, they consume a lot of spicy food, and pray as it part of their religion. For example as well in Mexico, there are certain traditions that people celebrate that in other countries they wouldn’t at all which. The day of the dead were people celebrate the souls of their deceased relatives for a brief reunion that includes food, drink. In some places in the world there are places were certain rules have to be follow either to what time you are suppose to get home either if you are a girl or a bo. Also in some aspects in tradition the father choose who their daughter might marry, what rule they are going to follow the religio.

Another source of culture is the type geography around the world people always talk about certain states and the values that they have. Well but nobody ever talks about the history of it being like, for example, the people who were there first, the land that was there before, the people who used to live there, those were different cultures back then, different languages, different types of religion. In ‘Indigenous migration Pilgrimage trails and sacred geography’, we can see many things that are said and describe tradition and origins. ‘They are about the creation and identity of a people and how they came to be in their place around the world”. This goes for any tradition and how it well developed throughout people, for example Native american culture they are not well respected, throughout from what I know they are very judge and very misunderstood. The culture is packed with many different things from religion, traditions. Native American is well developed through art is made up of many different forms and techniques. Their culture plays an important role in what makes up native American culture and tradition, some of which is still around today. In Native American’s daily life was simply not possible without the arts that they would brings, hand made things that they would make, there are many different types and forms, some common types include painting, they do good meaningful painting, basket weaving, and wood carving are things that they might do for work to be able to earn some money. Art is considered a symbol in Native American heritage. It has been a major part of their lives for many years and these arts are many of these things have been progressed today and are displayed in museums and created over again by new generations that they continue over and over. Throughout the year art is use to express many things, a lot of people use to it symbolize objects, and through many culture it has always being used.

Now on these day we see new stuff not a lot people understand the meaning of Chicano/a, they use it wrong and in my opinion it will continue to be like this. Chicano/a have a big strong community but yet never heard off to the world in the proper way they should. This new generation that has come upon have change many things people refer to themselves different now these days and it’s based from where your family might generate from or where you have were born. I think one lesson we as people have learn is that this new generation things have changed, we have change even ours cultures.

No matter how ridiculous it may seem, but even today, two absolutely different public institutions – public schools and jails – are competing for government attention. And oddly enough, the prisons can be declared as the fair winners. Now, what are the reasons behind these unpleasant results? Does racism have to do anything with it? What place does racism have in our community? What is the reason behind major Black homelessness? These are some questions this paper will answer, using statement from Cesar Chavez. This writing piece is to highlight the mighty impact racism has on one of the richest states, i.e. California.

Were public educational institutes always a less priority to the Government? Fortunately, or unfortunately, they were not. Foreign correspondent (Gumbel 2019) tells The Guardian, “California once had one of the best funded, most envied public education systems in the United States”. In the 1960s and early 70s, public schools got much more attention by the government than what they do now. Back then, five cents out of every dollar of personal income were spent on schools. Now, the amount of personal income spent has dropped to a little more than three cents, and will continue to decrease if the same strategy follows. But what is the real culprit for this sudden lack of interest? It seems to be a certain pattern to it.

Back then, dominating the public schools were the children of Caucasians belonging to wealthy suburban communities. But now it is the children of minorities and low-incomed people that mostly go to public schools. And they? Apparently, they do not have any rights to have proper funding for their education. On the other hand, jails and prisons are well fared by the government, which might make it seem that now, according to the pattern, prisons should be dominated by whites to be well funded. But no. Prisons too are dominated by minorities. So, to be get recognition, children of these minorities must commit crimes? Are they destined for prisons? It seems so!

Evidently, racism has everything to do with this sudden drop of attention towards public schools. Cesar Chavez argues, “We have looked into the future and the future is ours! Asians and Hispanics and African Americans are the future in California. That trend cannot be stopped. It is inevitable”. Chavez emphasizes the major role played by minorities of the California in its future. He tries to bring to spotlight the truth that minor ethnicities in California, i.e. Asians, African Americans, Latinos etc., are the state’s future. And keeping them underprivileged is to make our future underprivileged.

In 2002, a federal law, No Child Left Behind Act came into action. It was to raise educational achievements for everyone without any racial or ethnical boundaries. The intentions were to focus on raising the standards of each and every school and institution. But even this law could not bring the solution to California’s educational inequity. As stated by (Darling‐Hammond 2007), the complications in implementation of the law, instead of achieving the goals, provoked a lot of unintentional frequently harming consequences, affecting the ones it was meant to help the most. Such as narrowed curriculum, inappropriate assessment of English language learners and students with special needs, and focus on low-level skills. She further states, “In addition, the law fails to address the pressing problems of unequal educational resources across schools serving wealthy and poor children and the shortage of well‐prepared teachers in high‐need schools. A policy that would live up to the law’s name would need to address these issues and reshape the law’s requirements to enable the use of assessments and school improvement strategies that support higher‐quality teaching and learning”. Even after this major act, the problem still persists, and race determines the standard of education a person gets.

USA is a country with multiculturism; a noticeable amount of different people (racially/ethnically) reside within. “When you say ‘America’ you refer to the territory stretching between the icecaps of the two poles. So, to hell with your barriers and frontier guards!” (Diego Riveria, San Francisco 1931). Especially California is home to various ethnicities. Asians, Hispanics, African Americans and as well as the whites. In accordance with Census carried out in 2018, it is estimated that approximately 60% Whites (out of which, only 63% are Hispanic Whites) populate the big state of California. The rest is completed by 14.7% Asians (such as Chinese, Pakistanis, Indians, Philippinos, Koreans, Japanese), 5.8% African Americans, 0.8% Local Americans (Red Americans) and a small rate of a few Other Races. Still, racism is majorly affecting the 40-45% of colored people’s lives in more than one aspects; other than education. Concurring to Library of Congress, Chinese foreigners have been put into inconvenience, and damaged upon in many towns of California, and they had no trust for offered assistance from the law whatsoever. Since 2016, a more than fifty percent increase in hate crimes against Latinos/Hispanics have been witnessed in California and California alone (Hinojosa 2018). The issue of homelessness goes mostly against the Afro-American population in Los Angeles, and is majorly contributed by racism.

Many families arrived in L.A. as part of the Second Great Migration of African Americans from the South, who were seeking for a better life. At that time, housing discrimination prevailed, and African American families were only allowed to live in specific neighborhoods in the South of Los Angeles, and the practice of redlining did not allow home loans to the residing ones in these areas. Therefore, three-fourths of Los Angeles’ Dark-skinned population had to live only in about twenty neighborhoods in South of LA, thus making it a blooming center for Afro-American culture in 1970. But as per a report in the Times, a decade that saw increased outsourcing of manufacturing jobs emaciated the area in the 1980s. After that, the arrival of Hispanics up raised the cost and standard of living in the area, consequently pushing Afro-American residents to the more towards South Bay areas, and even outside of Los Angeles County altogether. Today, rates of homelessness among California’s population of Latinx, whites, and Asian and Pacific Islanders don’t even reach the littlest to those of Black residents. Neighboring the Downtown of Los Angeles, Skid Row is a small town, but has a whole new world in it. Also known as “homeless capital of the United States”, it consists of two-thirds of African American homeless and mentally ill/drug addict population, drawn to the area by social services that have been on purpose transferred from other parts of the city.

Thus, all questions answered, it is not hard to figure out that most of the problems faced by the minorities (non-whites) in California are deep-rooted in racism. Racism has a major role in the current circumstances of the state; let it be the unpleasant results of the competition between prisons and public schools; let it be lack of standard of education for Hispanics; let it be major Afro-American homelessness; let it be hate crimes and violence against certain ethnicities. And that is so ridiculous. How can the mere amount of melanin present in your skin determine your status in this world? How can the ones with ABSENCE of color be superior to the ones RICH in color? Should not it be the other way around? Ethically, it should not be any way around. No amount of cells in a body can put anyone above others. Besides, this colored population of California is our asset. Mistreating them, keeping them away from quality education and resources is equivalent to mistreating and disrupting the future. Another important thing to be considered is the way mentally ill and disabled people are treated in smaller and poor areas (especially the colored people). It is horrible. They are arrested for not being normal. They are beaten up for acting weird and silly. They are abused for not being able and okay. These people are not disabled… They are special! They require equal rights and special care and protection. And accepting everyone as equal, providing them with equal opportunities, and staying united will definitely turn our “Unprivileged Future” to a privileged and a successful one!

As minorities started to populate the United States for better opportunities, xenophobia became prominent throughout America. The objective of the Chicano Rights Movement was to fight against the inequitable discrimination that afflicted Latinos. Accordingly, supporters who wished to eradicate discrimination started to join the movement. As the movement progressed, Latinos were empowered by such a movement and were eager to solve the problems, nonetheless a leader who was willing to grant a voice for the helpless immigrants was needed.

Dolores Huerta is one of the female voices who fought to solve the inadequate conditions the farm workers worked under. Huerta is a labor activist who advocated for the immigrant workers rights in the Chicano Civil Rights Movement, a movement which later resulted in the formation of a successful organization that fights to attain fair wages for immigrants, that led to the United Farm Workers Association. Huerta was born on April 10, 1930, in the northern part of New Mexico. Three children were conceived during the Fernandez’ short-term relationship. Like many relationships, their marriage was not prosperous, resulting in an annulment when Huerta was only three years old. Unsure of her future, Alicia moved to Stockland, California along with her children. As the only support system for her family, Alicia had difficulty finding a job, consequently, she had trouble to subsidizing her family due to her lack of income. However, with the help of her father, Huerta and her siblings were raised by her grandfather who became a father figure to them. Despite the adversities, it was an honest and loving household. After working in countless jobs, Alicia had saved enough money for her to buy a small hotel and a restaurant. Appropriately, Alicia was compassionate about the treatment of immigrants and the discrimination against them. The main focus of the hotel was to provide affordable accommodations for everyone. Through these acts, she encouraged her children to be involved within the community, to combat the misery immigrants faced. Alicia’s actions would contribute to embrace Huerta’s leadership which would later foreshadow the women Huerta was going to become.

During her school years, Huerta was always a bright student, she had a passion for writing and the literature world. In fact, while in an essay competition, Huerta attained second place in the nation. Due to her complex and well-written syntax, she was accused for plagiarizing one of her literature pieces because of its eloquence. Huerta’s professor unfairly accused her and gave her a terrible grade. Having faced discrimination, Huerta embraced the pacifist attitude that would later combat injustice that affected minorities. As a result of the marginalization Huerta faced from her teacher for being Latina, Huerta came to a realization that society needed to be modified.

Alicia’s impacted her children greatly, she inspired them to be involved in helping the community. As children, they were taught to be passionate and to fight for what is right. During this era, women expected to be submissive, while men studied and received their degrees, women were supposed to stay at home and do the chores, while taking care of the house. Nonetheless the non-conformist leader, Dolores Huerta broke the norms society set for women by attending the University of the Pacific Delta College where she received a teaching degree. While in college, Huerta fell deeply in love with Ralph Head, however, much like her mother, the marriage did not work out and led to a divorce. Celeste and Lori Head were the outcome of the ephemeral relationship between Huerta and Head.

While being a teacher in the 1950s, Huerta could not accept the idea of her students being consumed by famine that hindered them from excelling in school. She quit teaching and realized that a change had to be made. Huerta wanted to assist the students by helping their parents earn a reasonable amount of money in the fields that would sustain them and alleviate their children from the torment. Subsequently, in 1955, Huerta became an activist and now co-founder along with Frank Ross of the organization CSO in her hometown of Stockton. The CSO was created to acquire reasonable wages for Latinos working in the don’t forget work cited fields (“Dolores Huerta Foundation For Community Organization”). Additionally, the members wanted to bring change to the urban place and resolved any type of calamity.

While working hard to achieve her ultimate goal, Huerta was critiqued for her gender as well as her identity as a Latina. Thanks to an associate of the aforementioned company, Huerta met Cesar Chavez, an activist who shared the same aspirations and had just as much motivation to help his community. Since the organization prioritized the issues that affected the town, Chavez and Huerta had to renounce their positions at CSO because they wanted to reach their impact into a much larger domain than just an urban spectrum. In 1960 Huerta also established the Agricultural Workers Associations (AWA), wherein she opened voting drives that allowed immigrants workers to receive government benefits and pensions for their retirement, as well as demanding elections and driver licenses to be in Spanish. Not to mentioned that she also fought to improve the common ghettos known as “los barrios”, most established in LA; which grants Latinos a better life conditions.

Eventually, in 1962 Huerta and Chavez created their own organization, the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA). This organization ensure workers rights and better working conditions for them as well. Chavez was the head and speaker of mentioned organization, whereas Huerta served as the organizer and the person who would debate with lobbyist in hopes of enhancing workers rights. The following three years, Huerta and Chavez inaugurated the United Farm Workers (UFW); similarly to the NFWA, the UFW also shared the same aspirations and ambitions (Dolores Huerta Facts). Similar the organization of Ghandi and Luther King, the UFW coped issues with solely nonviolent acts, to show pacifism and not cause chaos. One successful achievement between the organization and the owners of the farms was that workers were given restroom and other facilities that granted sanitary conditions. Workers were also given free clean water and adequate clothing for the protection of pesticide, and sun exposure. Another right given to workers granted by union was that they ensured and secured the job if they had been working there for years. If workers would hurt themselves in the job, landowners would compensate such misfortune. Moreover, the abolition of sexual harassment that would affect female workers was gone within the working space. Women were taken advantage of because they were seen have always been belittled and oppressed by men and also they were objectified by men. Not to mentioned that they were threatened to lose their job if they would speak up, and, therefore, they would not have enough money to provide for their family.

As the co-founder of the organization, Huerta spent nearly three decades combating against the unreasonable wages workers received, and most importantly, their working conditions that they were put under. Despite mentioned accomplishments, Huerta wanted to accomplish more; she wanted to reach a bigger spectrum that would benefit the immigrant workers. Her most prominent and influential march was the Delano Grape Strike, organized in the late 1960s. The main goal of the protest was to boycott grapes to improve working conditions. During the Delano Grape Strike March, thousands of immigrant Mexicans and Filipino Americans workers gathered, determined to fight through the iniquity behaviors that afflicted them. Eager to alternate the norms, Huerta Boycott peacefully, against the condescending farm owners along with Cesar Chavez and Filipino Americans. The walkout took place in the same day as the Mexican Independence Day, September 16, 1965. A phenomenon whereby the lives of minorities would change drastically. “The strike drew unprecedented support from outside the Central Valley, from other unions, church activists, students, Latinos and other minorities, and civil rights groups” (Inga, “The 1965-1970 Delano Grape Strike and Boycott”) . It is found that many samaritans joined the cause to bring equality. The 300-mile march started from Delano to Sacramento. Perseverance and faith accompanied the souls of the congregation. By joining the movement, they knew that it was risky and had to assume their consequences for the disturbance of peace. After two years fighting against the system, few strikers lost hope and were impatient. Unethical ideas radicate their brains, wanting to fight with aggression rather than with peace. Cesar and Huerta disapproved with the ideas and did not condemn such behavior. During the time, millions of Americans stopped consuming and buying grapes all for the sake of improving working conditions. With the decreasing of consumption of grapes, farm owners realized that it was time to make a change and finally listen to the complaints. Grape owners later came together to negotiate and resolve the conflict with the Union. It was signed that farm owners granted better wages, benefits, and protections. Although these accomplishments can be found as very little changes, it is crucial to approach and resolve the micro issues that afflicts the nation, and then consequently strive to solve the macro problems. Though the changes that were made were not seen as profound to some individuals, they made some people assess the hard-work that is put to bring the nourishment that is found on one’s house. Although these inequities took place in the past, they are also prevalent in today’s modern world. From the unfair work wages to the dreadful working conditions, all around the workers atmosphere was all in all ridiculous. In a sense that farm owners did not have any empathy towards workers’ emotions and reactions towards the working conditions. Farm owners were egocentric and had absolutely no understanding of what what workers were put under, they are greedy and only wished wealth. Thankfully, with the Civil Rights Movement, there were people who were willing to take the first step into changing object the norms that affected their community. Similarly after combating for decades against the greedy farm owners, Huerta fought the odds and was able to win the battle.

From improving working conditions to advocating and granting a voice for women who were assaulted by their own boss, Huerta made a great impact for the youth. Huerta’s impact on Americans’ lives made them change their perspective on certain subjects such that of race and discrimination and the prejudice. She fought against the current to motivate and influence others to be non-conformist and stand up for what one thinks is right and wrong. The Latino youth is greatly influenced by her actions, and now they take action for what they believe it is wrong. Not only did Huerta influenced Latinos, but also any other group who feels as though they are targeted. The Non-Conformist leader, Dolores Huerta, was able to establish reassurement for other minorities and fight against the xenophobia.

Ever since the first human civilization was established, the imperfections of humanity are prone to give birth to injustices amongst ourselves. With the inveterate inclination for humans to take the best of everything for themselves, throughout history, stories of oppression from one party to another are common. However, when the exploited party becomes aware of the inequality, people begin to stand up and voice their opinions. Protests, the public demonstration of strong objection and disapproval, would be carried out by the members who feel that something must be fixed. These public declarations for change can be executed through two distinct methods— violently or peacefully. While armed protesting is argued to be faster and more glorious, peaceful protesting is the superior alternative to violent protesting because it has a higher chance to succeed, it is a lot easier to organize as participants are in a calmer state of mind, and it elevates the cause in the light of the public and media, attracting far more public participation than armed protest.

With history being filled with all kinds of coups, rebellions and civil wars. Many political scientists used to think that the most successful method to overthrow a dictator was through violence. Yet, in the book, ‘The Strategic Logic of Non-violent Conflict’, an American political scientist, Professor of Public Policy at Harvard Kennedy School, Erica Chenoweth, discusses the statistics of violent versus nonviolent campaigns and how the success rate of nonviolent protests double-armed protests. In the quote, “It seems to be the case that once protesters pick up guns, it legitimizes the state’s use of overwhelming violence in response’, Chenoweth tries to reason with the high success rate of non-violent protest. Chenoweth explains that upon the usage of firearms in rebelling against the state, it justifies the government to permit soldiers or policemen to fire back (Fisher, Max). The more violent an uprising becomes, the more likely it would be squashed because it becomes an urgent matter for the government to deal with. It is important to keep in mind that governments always have the option to rely on their military division to silence the protesters if things get way out of hand. This is especially true as ever since World War I, many states got their hands on tanks, automatic rifles, and other military gadgets that the rebel army cannot hope to compete with. Protests are half as likely to be successful if the military becomes involved with the efforts (Chenoweth, Erica, and Maria J. Stephan).

Non-violence strategies have the most economic and sentimental benefits, but most importantly it is the safer alternative. Approximately 17 million Americans and more are nationally engaged in the grape boycott of Chávez in 1975, which ended in grape growers agreeing to accept collective bargaining for farm work. It was a critical time in history as the rights and conditions of workers have not been neglected. Violent acts are carried out at the moment and may often lead to greater consequences. In the chaotic protests, one can easily forget what they’re fighting for. Like rage, frustration clouds their views and goals to take over one’s mind and their goals. People are hurt during violent protests, and even worse, the demonstrators can become the aggressors. When someone becomes the aggressor, people begin to feel fear and start seeing him as a troublemaker, making everyone less likely to take their side. Once the purpose is vilified it becomes exponentially harder to accomplish. Through using violence, it unintentionally invites even more violence. In addition it looks terrible for the cause because people who are violent are perceived as short-sighted, overly aggressive, and chaotic. Chávez understood this and decided that and made it his utmost priority necessary to avoid it.

Non-violence plays a major part in every civilization’s lifestyle. It describes everything we do in our lives from how we deal with our problems when they appear, how we react with other people around us, and what they choose to do with their lives. To refrain from violence when interacting with other human beings is to recognize them as persons as valuable and respectable as oneself, to respect them in spite of their differences with oneself, with tolerance, respect, mental openness, and peaceful negotiation of controversies (Cairn, Ed). With Nature you can also reflect non-violence, assuming the defense of all living things, and promoting the preservation of the natural environment that is the material source of everyone’s life. Non-violence is to practice procedures for peaceful, negotiable and serene solutions to all kinds of conflicts, whether personal, interpersonal, family, local, national, international or global. Non-violence questions all forms of injustice, oppression, abuse and violence, and it is the way to resolve conflicts, their practice may make it possible to transform the adversary into a partner rather than seeing him as an enemy.

Non-violence is seen to be utopian by many people given the forms of violence and destruction that are observed every day, but many historical examples show that not only is it possible but if you can change society and then it is worth a try. The independence of India is an example of this method since it was achieved by Gandhi in this way. Another example is provided by Martin Luther King with his revolution for civil rights. We can also see this reflected method in Nelson Mandela who achieved the end of apartheid in South Africa and who during his presidency united the country, eliminating the wounds of racism. Mandela promoted forgiveness thus avoiding the civil war that was looming. Cesar Chavez is one great example of how can non-violence change a society. Chavez became the best known Latino American civil rights activist. He founded the National Farm Workers Association. As a labor leader, Chavez employed non-violent means to bring attention to the plight of the farm.

During times of civil unrest in any country it is hard to figure out what the best way to approach change is whether that be violent or non-violent. Overthrowing an oppressive government is hard enough even when you can find a way to unite the people. I believe that peaceful protest is the best method of action in these unstable situations. Only in severe situations does peaceful protest does not work. The recent string of uprisings in the Middle East is not something that is only synonymous with the middle east. It happens all over the world throughout world history. The middle east is not a savage land where civil unrest is inevitable. This is just their time to make a change. The people who reside in the middle east are a people of culturally rich heritage and progressive thinking the same as all other cultures in the world. By looking back at history in similar situations such as the civil rights movement or even looking at fellow middle eastern countries road to revolution, Arab countries can model their own revolutions based on strategies that worked and avoiding those that didn’t work for others. Each country’s road to revolution is different. Only through peaceful protest will the people truly be able to rise up and change what they dislike about their situation. Peaceful protest draws the rest of the world’s attention on their struggle and is, therefore, the best way to raise awareness to the oppressed situation.

In conclusion, non-violence is logically, emotionally, and morally in comparison to violence. We can see from the data and see the repetition of violence failing to accomplish peace, the emotional thing of coming together, and the ethical argument of instructing your fellow activists to love as a substitute for hate. Through all of this, we are in a function to see really how non-violent strategies are in a position to go no longer genuinely a total society, however additionally one character at a time. It takes a sturdy will to combat with peace, and an act of cowardice to fight with rage, as anger is our first instinct.

Works Cited

1. Cairn, Ed. “Violence v Non Violence: Which Is More Effective as a Driver of Change?” From Poverty to Power, 13 June 2018, oxfamblogs.org/fp2p/give-peace-a-chance-because-violent-change-doesnt-ha
2. Chenoweth, Erica, and Maria J. Stephan. Why Civil Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict. Columbia University Press, 2011
3. Fisher, Max. “Peaceful Protest Is Much More Effective than Violence.” The Washington Post, WP Company, 29 Apr. 2019, www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2013 /11/05/peaceful-protest-is-much-more-effective-than-violence-in-toppling-dictators/ve-one/

American citizens suffered from discrimation due to their background. The Chicano Movement began in the 1960s when they generation was tired of being discriminated and decided it was time to fight for their rights. During the movement, there were goals that people wanted to do. For example, demand their rights to fair treatment and equal access to education, and as well the right to claim an ethinc community without prejudice. Even until this day, Mexican Americans are still getting targeted of discrinamtion and not offer enough opportunities such as jobs and education.

The Chicano Movement also known as “El Movimiento” was one of the achievements being made to empower the Mexican Americans. Many were and still are discriminated by their own identity and thought it was time to be heard. Everyone wanted to be able to share their own culture with everyone else around them. When Cesar Chavez founded the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee, the main strategy was for the farm workers to focus on boycotting, organizing strikes without any violence being involved. Martin Luther King had privately supported Chavez and Huerta with the organization. It was also a way to be able to create educational goals to improve bilingual/bicultural programs. To this day, bilingual classes still exist and I don’t find anything wrong with being bilingual. Being bilingual is a way to express ourselves and being able to teach others about different cultures. In our society being able to speak two or more languages is big because it opens better job opportunities and it also helps other race to communicate better. In today’s education in almost every school, professors are teachers have to teach about the history of the past. Back in the 1960s, many students were not able to get the same education as we are able to get today.

Many students decided to walkout of school which started to form a lot of rallies, speeches, and marches in March of 1968. Students and other adults marched in front of the Los Angeles Board of Education to support and to make share their request were heard. A year later in April, people gathered around the University of California, for a conference in which students and professors were ready to ask for a higher educational plan. Therefore, “El Plan de Santa Barbara” was written as a cultural and political message that would be used in the future for Chicano Studies. After students fought for it really hard it became approved and became known as the MEChAs which does exist in most of our colleges and also in some of the high schools. “The struggle these friends are facing now is not unlike the struggle many of us faced in the past”. This quote caught my attention right away because sure there is struggles in our daily lives, but some have it way easier than some of us. The only thing I do see that is still the same is how people come to the United States to attend school but are not eligible. Back then, they had to fight for their own education and as well for their own rights to be able to attend the same school as others. From today, it is not hard to get into schools with other race without being discriminated. Some really went their way out to get a better educational and fight for the rights of the future generation. Honestly that is something we don’t appreciate because without them fighting, we would be struggling as well.

Mexican Americans fought to have the rights to be treated equal as any other human being which lead into the story of Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr. Everyone experiences some sort of disrcination by not being respected by others and it can hurt. As Rosa Parks was arrested for sitting down in a public bus and not giving a white man her seat due to her skin color made a big impact. There was a lot of saying how skin color were not able to eat a specific diner, or go inside a store because they would be a sign outside that would state “no skin color allow”. Rosa Parks quotes “ I was not tired physically.. No the only tired I was, was tired of giving in”. There are times in which people are tired of giving in the right to satisfy others like impressing them instead of impressing ourselves. The discrination has gone to a far point in which some don’t seem to take it seriously and it can turn into a bad thing, sometimes i think that’s why society is how it is. As for Dr. King, he had reached the Chicanos to help them as he came up with the speech “I Have A Dream”. The speech represents his dreams and hopes for Black Africans and Mexican Americans who have been struggling for their equal rights. Even though the Independence had promised equal rights and freedom, it was not being used correctly. As of today, I still think it is not used correctly because Mexican Americans are still being chased down. Even though this country is suppose to be known for “freedom” it really isn’t. Everyone hopes for a better day and for better news as for his hopes for one day were that injustice and inequality would be broken.

The purpose of the Chicano Movement was for students and people to have the same equal rights as everyone else without being discriminated. The Movement affect us today as a way of seeing and understanding different ethnicities. Without it happening, half of the Meixcan Americans and any other race would not have been able to understand the value of their own freedom without some history. I believe we have this type of freedom because of the past and people knew it would affect the future generations education and their rights. For the reason of the Chicano Movement, Universities and Colleges have become a higher level education in the society.

In the wake of the African-American civil rights protest that inspired new legislation and laws to be made in order to follow in its own legacy, four more movements (created by different ethnic groups and cultures) emerged in order to fulfill their own demands and ambitions within a given amount of time.

One of these groups were Native-Americans, who (due to the fact that they were forcibly removed from their natural-born lands) gained a sense of unity and collective resentment towards the American government that had subtly and discretely discriminated and imprisoned them for multiple decades without any end whatsoever. Inspired by the presentation of “black power” (which came from black radicals that wanted change through the use of direct action), the term “red power” was coined and became slowly accepted toward the Native-American community as a whole. Protests were made in the form of demonstrations in where Native-Americans would have occupied buildings and created sit-ins in order to show that their current position once belonged to their ancient ancestors. As a result, this all boiled to a point in where protestors made camp within an abandoned prison base (known as Alcatraz Island) for an entire 19 months. In the end, while much progress has yet to be made, some achievements have been discovered (such as giving compensation to numerous tribes that suffered much grief in the process of relocation).

Another group that sought the means of protest through the use of direct action included the Latinos, an ethnically-based group representing the Caribbean and even parts of Latin America. Angry (due to discrimination such as racial prejudice in schools and poor living conditions), many young people within this group protested by following the leadership of Cesar Chavez (a poor improvised person born from migrant farm-workers) and Dolores Huerta (a well-off Latino that suffered more discrete discrimination despite being in a neighborhood meant for integration). Unlike the plight of their Native-American counterparts, the Latinos (forming the Chicano movement) favored more passive expressions such as boycotts and strikes (which worked in their favor due to the fact that many of them had some form of a connection as being a worker.) Sadly, while some accommodations were made in their pleas and demands (such as a larger political voice in the form of more Latino politicians), most Latinos, to this day, still suffer from increased rates of poverty and unhappiness.

The third movement referred to a new group of young college students that wanted increased levels of free speech in order to vocalize their own thoughts and expressions within a safe, clear, and clean environment. While the population of these groups differed depending on the location, they all had a sense of unity as they protested for wider awareness of civil rights as a whole. For example, one group protested the use of conscription during the Vietnam War, as they felt it was hypocritical to serve in the military while not having access to other rights due to their young age. Another group focused on an emerging feminist movement would have demonstrated in order to gain rights to birth control. Meanwhile, on another campus, someone else would have protested the lack of minority rights and the awareness therefore of. In any case, these protests created a sense of change in the air as people wanted more ways to express their true potential.

Lastly, the fourth movement involved the small yet visible homosexuals as they tried to push for more acceptance within the general public community. Frustrated over the lack of gay politicians in the civil service sector of jobs, some held signs around the White House in order to spread awareness of such an issue occurring in the first place. However, things became more tense in 1969, as multiple police officers tried to raid a gay bar known as the Stonewall Inn. By doing so, many more protestors joined the ranks as they were infuriated over the lack of respect given to them. In the end, while the gay movement has been controversial at times, it has been more accepted in modern times as the term LGBT.

So, a spark of protests created four new movements in its wake.

In the documentary ‘La Raza’, the history of East LA and the Chicano movement is portrayed as an important part of Chicano history. This movement occurred during the 1960’s and 1970’s, and it has made a significant difference in Chicano culture and how people view Hispanics and Latinos. Their main motive to create this organization was the discrimination against Chicanos. ‘La Raza’ organization had photographers who put thought into the portrayal of the events that occurred. These photos painted a picture through photography, art, and political satire. In addition to this, these photos tell a story of what were the conditions at the time; it showed how the police brutally beat Chicanos simply because they were nonviolently protesting for anti racism, anti police brutality, immigration, and a better education for the community. This educational documentary provides a historical perspective to younger children so that generation can understand that the issues occurring can be addressed. In addition, throughout the film, important figures were brought into the movement who emphasized for a better future for them and upcoming generations. These community activists, who provided a voice to Chicano rights, had a mindset of social change; they wanted to address the issues of social injustice and encouraged Mexican Americans to stand up for their rights. Their primary goal was to hide behind the first amendment which in this case they protested for freedom of speech. These community activists interpreted the meaning of “La Raza” as “La Familia” so that meant that everyone had to stick together and fight for what was right.

Framing is a big part of social movements because it has a strong influence on how people can build and exert power. In addition, framing can change how the general public views and understands the issue. For example, Cesar Chavez was part of La Raza Unida Party and him along with other important figures held their first National Convention in 1972. In this convention, they went through a period of reorganizing and in order to involve people in it they used framing. And till this day we celebrate “Cesar Chavez Day” because of what he has done for the Hispanic culture. These patterns in the data are similar to each other because photographers and individuals who took part in this movement wanted change; they wanted change for the better of their future and for upcoming generations. Our society is like this because there are people in this world who actually take the initiative to produce change. If we see something that needs to change then we spread awareness and fight for what is right, by doing this we not only make a difference for ourselves but for the general public as well.

Back then Chicanos were getting brutally beaten simply because they were protesting for the better; furthermore, people were not very wealthy especially because of the conditions at the time so the only way these photographers would spread awareness for this movement were through pictures that told a story. And through these pictures is where it all began. It did not matter if there was no money but a difference needed to be made as soon as possible.

The political and legal system also contribute to the patterns that are shown in the data. This is shown by these individuals advocating for social change. In addition, culture also helps explain the patterns seen in the data. Our values, beliefs, and norms play a huge role as part of culture. Our norms protect and express our values and beliefs. In this case, norms were being violated therefore it made Chicanos bond and get together so they created this social movement. They were tired of seeing that Chicanos were being treated unjust so they stood up for their rights and addressed these issues.

I learned many things from this film, one of them being that the first school to ever walk out is about five minutes away from me. I grew up in Los Angeles and I did not know about any of this until I saw the film, ‘La Raza’. To see how all of the Chicanos got together and protested was so mesmerizing to me and I am very happy to be a proud Chicana. The pictures from this ‘La Raza’ helped impact other social movements because they inspired other individuals to stand up for what is right and take the initiative to advocate for social change. La Raza Unida is committed to rescuing Hispanic culture and raising our consciousness so this film has inspired me to stand up for my rights and the rights of others as well. I know that one person can produce change but a whole crowd can really make a difference.

One culture factor that influences social changes is communication through music and art. The Civil Rights Movement in United States was infused with religion and lead by a social group of people to share the interests of equality. The Civil Rights Movement began between the Harlem Renaissance era (1910- 1929) to the Chicano Mural Movement (1951-1964). Both eras created murals and sculptures as a representation of civil rights. For example, the civil rights movement was created due to discrimination and harsh commitment. African Americans gained freedom for being slaves and Mexican Americans were searching for equality and justice. Each era had an amazing unique way of sharing their experience with civil rights; both cultures created art as a representation of freedom, civil rights, and inequality. Writing poetry, expressing through music, and creating vivid paintings is actual evidence of the civil rights movement.

Harlem Renaissance was the most influential eras of American History. Harlem Renaissance was the center of African American culture and political growth. During this era, Harlem renaissance made a better life for future African Americans with the blend of political delivery, civil rights activism, and musical excitement. Harlem located in New York City, was called “The Capital of Black America’, talent came to many musicians, artists, and poets. Although many talented poets like Langston Hughes, wrote about their experience with racial discrimination; White Americans did not listen to his words that spoke from personal experiences. Kaluma Salaam, a black activist during the Black Power association said “Blacks gave the example that you don’t have to assimilate. You could do your own thing, get into your own background, your own history, your own tradition and your own culture. I think the challenge is for cultural sovereignty and Black Arts struck a blow for that’ (Salaam). Talented artists showed their way of freedom through murals and sculptures. It gave others a feeling of freedom with paintings that resemble personal meaning. African Americans, artists were activists and philosophers, fighting with justice and building a better place with their community. In the article ‘Recovering the Rumble: African American Assemblage Art in Los Angeles’ Paul Von Blum says “Since the mid-1960s, African American artists in Los Angeles have been unusually imaginative in developing artistic products enabling them to achieve widespread critical recognition and respect” (Paul Von Blum, 248). Martin Luther King Jr. was a widespread recognition; he came forth to bring freedom in African American culture. He was an honorable man that wanted to see change. His speeches brought out the best in African Americans and gave them hope for their civil rights. He had tried many years to bring peace to his community, and those who stood beside him, to which he earns that respect and began to see the transformation in this protest. It was a true social change that transforms slowly throughout decades. The African Americans and Mexican Americans culture translated their freedom by protesting peacefully; Mexican Americans civil rights movement began during 1951.

Mexican American Civil rights movement also known as the “Chicano Mural Movement” was mainly based on the demands of equal distribution. During the civil rights movement, Hispanic Americans struggled to gain equal rights throughout their struggle; they have earned an equal treatment through society. By 1960, Hispanics lost their social, political, and economic power. The Chicano movement or also known as “ El Movimiento” began due to the unfairness of human and property rights. Non-violent protests began due to the unequal pay in which Cesar Chavez came forth to show these demands and support his community by convincing the government to pass laws for farmer workers to organize their own trading unions. Daniel De Siga, an artist, created an oil painting on a canvas called “Campesino”, it’s a man who is a farmer and he is doing hard labored work. Sarah McEvoy, a major in Hispanic studies and studio art, says “The effectiveness of a mural in promoting social change depends on how well the process of making it harmonizes with its social context” (McEvoy 3). The representation of the painting can have many meanings, in the painting it looks as if a man is working hard to provide for his family, along with other farm workers who have been protesting for their justice and equality. This painting is a symbolizes the activism for the farm workers rights. Artists give an example of lifestyle in a painting as a representation for peace. Another protest within the Hispanic culture was school walkouts. School walkouts began due to the unequal treatment happening throughout school districts. School boarders respected the decision of the students in which allowed the students’ demands for equal treatment. These school walkouts empowered the Hispanic community and gave more justice towards their culture. Hispanic culture has shown many reasons to give up but as a community it gave Hispanics the power to stand up and protest for their rights, through these actions many portraits were designed on walls to show the injustice of equal rights.

Between each era both cultures encountered inequalities, art was a big inspiration throughout the Harlem Renaissance and the Chicano Mural Movement. Paintings, portraits, and sculptures are a way of communication, and it captures important moments. Inequality was defined in paintings, justice was shown in portraits, and peace was designed in sculptures. For many years, both cultures have been in situations of inequality because of their race. Artists began to show that context through paintings to indicate the truth with their culture. In an article rewritten by Melvin Delgado, “Murals in Latino Communities: Social Indicators of Community Strengths”. Diego Rivera, a famous Hispanic painter and activist, says “mural painting must help in [a person’s] struggle to become a human being, and for that purpose it must live wherever it can; no place is bad for it, so long as it is there permitted to fulfill its primary functions of nutrition and enlightenment’ (Rivera & Wolfe, 1934, p. 13). Personal experiences gives an understanding explanation of the paintings between the artists and mural. Murals can indicate inequality due to racial profiling and racial discrimination; murals are located in large communities as a representation of their culture ethnicity. Also, Artists who choose the streets as their gallery often do it from a preference to communicate directly to the public. An article ‘Latino Art and Murals Around the City’ written by Los Estudiantes de Baldwin Wallace University says “The walls of the streets became canvases for artists painting things of cultural importance to the Latino community” (Bladen Wallace University). Public street art is a political and social voice that contains opinions of a community, and spread awareness. From Harlem to the Mexican American civil rights, Art was a political way of communication to show the injustice of both of these cultures.

Freedom, civil rights, and inequality are main sources that identify any culture. As for African Americans and Hispanics that was more exclusive towards their race. Harlem Renaissance was a popular era in the 1920s due to the excitement of music, art, and poetry. It was a symbolism of freedom towards African Americans that have moved from different countries and came to New York City. Art, music, and poetry spoke about the freedom they need or wanted. Years later, Martin Luther King Jr was an activist who spoke from his experience of racial discrimination, he believed in change within his culture and he believed that it was needed for change. Within that same timeline, Mexican Americans had suffered the same treatment with their civil rights, Cesar Chavez, an activist and public speaker, went on strike with his Latino community to show others the real meaning of human and property rights. It was a success through the whole process, then another protest began which was unequal treatment with Hispanic students, during this time frame art became popular due to the protest of civil rights and equal treatment. Art began to show meaning through painting because it captures the important events through the years. Artists speak out through paints as a sign of inequality, justice, and peace. Art is honestly an unique way of expressing political views and spreading awareness. Art comes from the personal experience that the artist has or is currently facing. So the sign of civil rights or speaking political shows through artwork. Murals are displayed in public areas that way many viewers can see the truth behind the portrait.