Category: Case study

Johnny Cade wasn’t just a greaser. When it comes down to it, we’re all just plain, ordinary people…Johnny taught me that. Whether you’re considered a Soc or a greaser, or maybe even a member of the middle class…you’re a person. The rivalry between the social classes has been going on for some time now, and, sadly, it had to come to this―three kids dying―to make people think that it was wrong. Johnny didn’t kill that boy on purpose. He did it to save me…and he was the one that needed saving. Johnny’s parents beat him, and we would do the best we could to try and make things better for him…but we all knew it wasn’t enough. Johnny craved his parents’ attention. He even told me once that he thought he liked it best when his dad was beating him because at least then he knew that Johnny was there. Johnny had it rough. All of us greasers think that we have it rough, but our problems are nothing compared to what Johnny had to deal with when he went home. No matter what Johnny was going through, though…he was always there for the rest of us. There aren’t many people like that.

I remember lying on our backs and watching the stars. One night we even spent the night in the vacant lot that Johnny sometimes slept in when he didn’t want to go home and have to deal with his parents. When I was in a rough spot with my family, Johnny helped me out. He walked to the park with me to help me blow off some steam so I could go home. That was where we were attacked by the group of Socs. They were drunk and planned to drown me. Johnny grabbed his switchblade and stabbed the leader…the others ran away. I remember waking up to see Johnny looking more afraid than I’d ever seen him. Even if he killed the boy in self-defense, it shook him. On the train to Windrixville, Johnny let me sleep. He was tired too but gave me the little space we had to rest my head for a while. Johnny seemed to do everything he could for me, and he was the greatest friend you could ask for. Those nights we spent hiding in the abandoned church in Windrixville were some of the coldest, most uncomfortable nights I’ve ever had…but I was with Johnny and I didn’t plan on being anywhere else. Johnny was my buddy, and I’d do anything for him. When Johnny went out to get supplies, some of the items he got were soap and a paperback copy of Gone with the Wind, things that made me realize that if I had a choice to be put into this situation earlier, I would’ve picked Johnny to be the one to kill the time with. He was smart…some people thought he wasn’t the brightest but he was, he just learned slowly, and that was it.

When he went in after me to save those little kids after the church caught on fire, I was thankful for him being there to help me out again. We picked those kids up and helped them out a window so that they could get to safety. Johnny didn’t have to help me out then, but he did. He risked his life to help me save those little kids. Our friend Dallas was a good guy, too. He helped us get to Windrixville, and even though he hated the fact that we went into that burning building, he went in after us. He saved me…and Johnny, in a way. I’m sure that Johnny would’ve been worse if Dally hadn’t been around to pull him out of there. Dally loved Johnny, they were real good buddies. I don’t think Dally cared for anyone else. That’s why he robbed a grocery store to get the cops after him. He went on a suicide mission. Dally had a gun, but it wasn’t loaded, so when he pointed it at the cops when they cornered him, they shot. I lost two good friends that night. They were both there for me when I needed them. Johnny was brave and Dallas was gallant. I just hope that they’re both having a good ol’ time up in heaven with my mom and dad. I know one day I’ll see them both again, but for now, I’ll do just as Johnny told me to and stay gold.

The Case Analysis of Reyes Fitness Center, Inc. and the Changing the Role of Human Resources

The Reyes Fitness Centers, Inc. (RFC) was started in May 1999 as a result of the early 1990s when John Reyes amassed $150,000 of his own money and also from other resources which three of his college friends who attended the same business classes at the University of North Carolina had also initially invested. In the city of Raleigh, North Carolina, the first health club was not too far from its Alma mater and was popular at once. Such health clubs have a number of modern training facilities, exercise classes, personal trainers, an outdoor swimming pool, daycare, and a kitchen. Through continued private investment, Reyes started to expand from 1999 to 2007. At the end of the fiscal year 2007, the Reyes brand grew to operating 28 fitness centers, grossing over $51 M in revenue, $1 M in net income due to the 900 + employees, overhead expenses, and other liabilities (Sherlock 2008). Obviously, John tended to maintain a high debt-to-equity ratio as part of John’s initial success, but the long-term effects would pay off dramatically as short-term debts are paid off.

Identify and Prioritize

The Reyes Fitness Centers, Inc. a rapidly growing medium-sized business in an over-saturated market, faced some serious issues as user retention was seen as 20% below the industry average (Sherlock 2008). As John had started to scale back his day-to-day involvement and transitioned into the role of chairman, he incorporated general managers at each of his centers, then fully removing himself, John hires Mike Lowe who took over the reins and fully morphed into the role of CEO. Mike seemed intent on utilizing more traditional means from his experience and understanding of running other fitness industry businesses, into his strategy which included lowering costs to combat losses of revenue. This time seemed like the perfect time for Lori the HR director to step up and devise a way in which HR might be able to help contribute more to the issues the company was facing by using.

Challenges

As with most service-based companies, customer service is an integral part of a company’s success, especially in regard to the specific problems facing the Reyes Fitness Centers. Unfortunately, because of the lack of training, the quality is less than satisfactory and management is not stepping up to change the problems at Reyes Fitness Centers. In order for any enterprise to grow a company needs empowered and informed employees to have happy customers. Every query Mike seemed to face was due to the existence of the company as it operated currently and not knowing the workers or their history and capabilities made his decisions that much harder as he only saw the financial and revenue issues as an issue in itself not as a part of employee interaction or culture. If a major business concern is felt from the top occurs, it will be clearly felt from within the organization. It’s clear that the very real challenges facing the Reyes Fitness Centers and their overall strategic goal should be focused on client retention, but how to do that without knowing the employees can be a daunting challenge for a new CEO, which is the case in which Lori has the ability to offer resolutions based upon her more familiar strengths and weaknesses regarding the staff. This is also a strength of having not only individual HR responsibilities broken up within an organization but an even larger strength is demonstrated here when there is also a centralized HR department that has a better understanding of the strength of not only each center but the company as a whole. Lori’s strategic scorecard approach that suits the company’s strategic objectives should focus on the investment of the people within the organization, provide learning and training opportunities, create new and measurable performance goals, and provide the opportunity for individuals to contribute to the learning and performance methods. As this is coming from an HR-premised background, the scorecards created should also include other organizational areas within the company and should also be tracked, in order to achieve the overall desired business strategy results. There are some changes in the organization, when HR shifts into a strategic position, the Department needs to remind all employees of the importance of maintaining the status and standards. A clear measurable goal that also focuses on internal communication and engagement should be included in the scorecard. That’s the other way around what RFC needs to do ‘changing our relationship with our service provider and having service providers change their relationship with each other. In consulting terms, we need more balanced contracting, more joint discovery, and a new dialogue’ (Block 2015).

Lori’s HR department should provide its staff with the experience of a marketing consultant in order to develop a better means that employers can use software to reach current employees and new customers. Generating an email marketing type of campaign application that allows prospective and current club customers to plan their visits would make them and RFC more accountable for interaction, both what the club can offer at the time of the visit and what the customer can get out of it. Subtle messages that they did good work during their visit or that they were missed by RFC for today’s workout will help create a habit-forming thought process which leads to long-term involvement and better sourcing of employees “HR professionals need to build a compelling intellectual and emotional case for change. The intellectual case often comes from empirical evidence that successful change will lead to positive personal or organizational outcomes’ (Ulrich Et al. 2012). Furthermore, job analysis can help find out what each person does and what adds value to the organizational success and can even recognize what may not add value, thus being able to train staff better and become more focused on offering other facilities and services. When performing a work review, Lori’s learning on developing the scorecard is tailored and precise enough to influence the results in a short time, which has been monumental for RFC.

Understanding the Strategy

Documentation throughout the process of Lori’s challenging tasks would provide good, conceptual guidance about how other companies should build, tailor or execute their version of HR scorecards. Regrettably, in their quest to find the elusive numbers, HR officials took a hard jaunt in most cases and mostly stuck to only what they know. Misguided metrics are typically centered around HR efficiency improvements like the time it takes to get a new hire and onboarding. Measurements of efficiency are reliable ways of measuring performance, but not enough in offering a better and more impactful voice as Lori did. Through demonstrating more efficiency, costing controls assess their effectiveness and HR should in reality be able to provide real business implications and take simple and direct measures if it wants to be a legitimate business partner that contributes more to revenue influx measures.

Managers such as Mike Lowe would want to believe in the interest of their workers but often struggle to really understand how the role of HR actually supports the importance of the employees of the company. Usually, HR fits a staff commitment score that is not a business result. We may also provide indicators for selling trends, but these statistics tell us nothing about what really drives sales. The establishment of sound parameters from Lori’s actions to promote business-driven results will strengthen their accountability and give her and other future HR leaders a better chance to become more respected consultants in the future as well as a distinguished voice.

Innovations

What drives business results in one company The side individuals can not contribute to business results in another, as each business is unique. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the data and to link it to business performance. There is still no standard set of accepted parameters for human resources, such as billing. For HR, that’s not bad, as different people-focused initiatives will affect company results differently. Innovation can be a vital skill for Amazon, but not so much for local hardware store employees.

The brilliance of this personalized, analytical approach that Lori has enabled, is that it will make her more trusted and listened to. Envision when she might have displayed to the executives such as John and Mike how her HR scorecard and revealed the statistical metrics as to why the business results of Mike’s decisions and the diminished returns for each of his choices were causative. Also, envision when Lori demonstrates how her measurements for her HR recommended scorecard efficiency measurements could be appropriate and develop a more efficient means of operating.

Lori was correct as to how she convened with her staff before such a new HR initiative and scorecard method was to be put in place, which was likely to affect all or nearly all of RFC’s employees. The creation of the SHRM-guided measurements as was suggested to her are only as important as the buy-in and communication of the measurements to the rest of the staff. The findings of Lori’s research on the new HR system indicated the formation of measurements to be included in the scorecard. If involvement in the flexibility of the programs contributes to lower customer turnover rates and higher productiveness from their employees, then it would be an invaluable metric to include as a participation rate target in this new program.

As Lori mentions during the staff meeting “To add strategic value, we must shift our focus to measure outcomes, not activities. Further, those outcomes must add essential value to RFC’s ability to execute its strategy and meet its objectives” (Sherlock 2008) the following are some suggestions for measurable activities that would add value.

Suggestions regarding how RFC should collaborate with the trainers between the non-busy times to depict how a successful customer engagement conversation should flow, and that end with more committed visits from patrons and purchases from the business. In the non-peak times, customers who are interested in attending online lessons to learn about new techniques before they attend a gym session should be a member or be a service that allows a non-member to pay the gym’s viewing fee.

Culture is a big part of changing a business into a better and more prosperous enterprise. If employees feel that they can more easily approach management, with their own proposals or work-based problems, they will also want to stay with RFC and be a part of the changes. One harsh issue that Lori faces is the employees who are only available for a paycheck and how to handle those issues of either retraining, relocating to another department, or expelling them from the company. It is better to maintain and train willing employees, regarding customer cares or how to respond to consumer grievances which are important and also a measurable act that could also be a part of the new bonus compensation system that is also suggested.

It is pertinent that Lori’s management team be present and engaged to deal with the many changes that will be taking place as changes are made. They may already know who deserves an increase, bonus, or recognition, but with this new culture change, everyone should be scored in a non-biased manner allowing everyone a fresh start, pending there are no current violations. This way it would be known that the month’s best employee has their pictures on every RFC place while their customers walk. This method of public praise will illustrate that both customers and employees appreciate the efforts made by RFC to assist their employees. The best thing to do is to have low costs but a huge impact on the results-driven metrics.

Conclusion

It is to be concluded, that the issues the Reyes Fitness Centers, Inc was facing are clearly outlined and that alternative recommendations and suggestions were suggested. As some front-line employees and managers face challenges, their first reaction when they hear about corporate distraught is to resort to self-preservation and that isn’t healthy especially when RFC was facing the challenge of maintaining and growing customer engagement and commitment. The best practices and references as provided by the SHRM acted as a helpful guide to Lori and her team in allowing her to develop methods that would impact the bottom line and contribute to solving the real problems they were facing with the tools and methods that HR had within their control. As a lesson to other managers, it is important to realize what tools you have available to you, and as Lori use those tools to your advantage.

Intercultural Communication

“Intercultural communication refers to an interpretive, symbolic, contextual and transactional process in which people belonging from different cultures create shared meanings” (Kolinko, 2019). However, each of the cultures has its way of interpretation of information or message. The style of communication is also different from one culture to the other. In communication, the differences between cultures are related mostly to verbal and nonverbal codes, cultural patterns, standards and roles of relationships, and social perceptions.

According to Cappellini (2015), intercultural communication refers to studying and understanding how people from various cultural backgrounds communicate with one another. The basic objective is to produce a guideline on the basis of which can better communicate. In intercultural communication, the studies usually start from the differences between various cultural groups then studying the interaction between such groups. Culture and communication are significant parts of intercultural communication. This is the reason for the term ‘intercultural communication’ to be understood clearly, it is imperative to understand the meaning of the terms ‘culture’ and ‘communication’ as well.

Communication- an Intercultural Communication part

A process of conveying messages from one to another is referred to as Communication. Canals (2012) defined “The process of communication is a chain made up of links which are identifiable. In the process, links include-

Process of Communication (Harro-Loit, Vihalemm, and Ugur, 2011)

In the communication process, there are 8 steps starting from the sender’s idea and ends with the receiver’s feedback. At the initial step, the sender will develop an idea that has to be sent known as the planning step, where the sender plans the communication topic. Then comes encoding, which refers to converting the idea into a perceivable form. After encoding in various ways, the message can be presented i.e. written, nonverbal or oral. Further, the sender will choose a channel or medium for transmitting the message to the receiver. This step is transmitting the message and the duty of the sender also ends at this step. Next, the message is received by the receiver and gets decoded. For the communication to be effective, at this level, it is very significant for both genders as well as receiver to have a common interest or understanding. Lastly, feedback is the final step. This step is important for communication as it makes sure that the receiver has understood correctly the message.

Culture- a part of Intercultural Communication

Bisiada (2015) stated that “It is due to the loss contact between cultures than within them that culture differs from one another’. Mostly, it is viewed as a system of beliefs, practices, and values enabling people from the same cultural background in order to solve a common problem. Further Maureen chooses to introduce onion diagram of Hofstede’s’ (2005), examining culture in various aspects. As per the diagram, culture itself manifests in several ways-

• Symbols: It consists of gestures, language, objects or images carrying a specific meaning, recognized by people from the same cultural background.
• Heroes: They can be imaginary or real persons, highly respected in culture, and also can serve as a standard for social behaviors.
• Rituals: It refers to activities, which are considered to be important in society, such as religious activities, greetings, showing respects for others.
• Values: The core of ‘culture’ is developed by values, reflecting the deepest level of culture. Values refer to tendencies or preferences of feelings of people’s toward certain matters. It is among the things people learning at an early age in life.

Differences in Culture of Australia & China & Impact on Business (Zhang, 2010) (Caust, 2010) (Kende, 2016)

There are various parameters of differences in the culture of Australia in China, however, some of them are described as such-

· National Identity

• China: Between identity expression and attitudes to history and also the inconsistencies across artistic movement is searched in time in a lot of fashionable art of China that juxtaposes the inconsistencies. From 1644 to 1912, China was dominated by the minority that obligatory its culture of the minority on the dynasty majority, this ruling minority was Manchu dynasty. The phratry was prescriptive that the dynasty men were propelled to wear their hair within the form of the favored geographical region of beardless at the front and at the rear ponytail lest they are dead. Even in goldfields of Australia, Han men continued to wear the Mancu vogue.
• Australia: Australians, in mythology have celebrated breakers of a rule. Partly, this could be attributed to eighty years of transportation of Convict within the nineteenth century manufacturing a culture that had a notion that rules were created to be broken. within the twentieth century, that icon made from culture out of the likes of swimming legend Dawn Fraser and different larrikins (ruler breakers). In conflict with the identity of a larrikin, the governments of Australia till the Seventies prescribed a British identity up. British identity’s loss has resulted in Australia encountering some turmoil as several Australians with the ancestry of the British not have a way of WHO they’re and once they came from.

· Religion:

• China: The religion of China was not monotheistic, along these lines, they were increasingly open to the majority of perspectives and is likely to be complemented by the idea of philosophy. The Dynasty of Xia had a type of creature venerate. This was trailed by hereditary love in the Shang. The philosophical idea as Confucianism developed in the Zhou administration and this went about as a sort of religion. Likewise in the Dynasty of Zhou, there rose an origination of paradise and a conviction that paradise would compensate an equitable ruler and rebuff an uncalled for the ruler. It is known as the Mandate of Heaven and got evoked when one line ousted another.
• Australia: In Australia, Christianity is the prevailing religion yet Australian Christianity doesn’t appear to have indistinguishable political yearnings or political cash from it does in numerous nations.

· Social activism

• China: In China, the death of associate degree freelance communications trade prevents the general public from having the ability to initiate amendment in response to issues. This hinders the remedying of issues in 3 main ways in which. Firstly, if a senior party member doesn’t contemplate one thing to be an issue, then no solutions are devised. Secondly, if drawback is known, solutions could be devised by an ‘expert’ that contemplates one perspective instead of a variety of views that consider multiple stakeholders. Finally, as a result of the identification of an issue comes from the highest, the community has less possession over the matter and therefore the solutions. Consequently, an energetic participant isn’t the community in invigorating the devised solutions values are modified and are embraced.
• Australia: In China, the absence of an autonomous correspondences industry keeps people in general from having the option to start change because of issues. This ruins the curing of issues in three fundamental ways. Initially, in case of a senior Communist Party part doesn’t believe something to be an issue, at that point no arrangements are formulated. Furthermore, if the issue is recognized, arrangements may be concocted by a ‘specialist’ that thinks of one as the viewpoint as opposed to a scope of points of view that think about different partners. At long last, considering the fact that the recognizable proof of an issue originates from the top, the network has less responsibility for the issue and the arrangements. As an outcome, the network isn’t a functioning member in guaranteeing the concocted arrangements are grasped and values are changed.

· Multi-Culturalism

• China: Albeit both Australians and Chinese characterize their particular nations as multicultural, it means something other than what’s expected in each. In China, multiculturalism alludes to the 56 unique gatherings that have particular societies moored in an area. These gatherings may talk various dialects, wear diverse garments, and be of various racial gatherings. The social trustworthiness of the ethnic gatherings is upheld by the local government; in any case, the ethnic gatherings are necessary for learning Mandarin Chinese as a typical language.
• Australia: Multiculturalism, in Australia, refers to a type of social apartheid. Presently it essentially implies heaps of individuals with various hued faces living respectively.

Barriers to Effective Intercultural Communication & Overcoming them

There are various barriers to effective intercultural communication, however, some of the most common barriers are as follows-

• Language Differences: As defined by Eginli (2016), differences in language are an obvious intercultural communication barrier. Even if one has studied the language or there is an availability of the interpreter, different accents, dialects, and slang can create problems.
• Context Level: Most of the cultures where English is spoken are low-context. This refers to the fact that a message is put into explicit words. In such cultures, saying ‘no’ considered honest or straightforward. Cultures of high-context, such as Japan, the people expect the listener to pick up more meaning from the situation in general.
• Body Language: Sometimes people take offense across cultures because of differences in body language. Example: an entrepreneur from Latin America might stand closer to his client than someone from North America would. This is likely to make the North American feel crowded and want to step back. Cultural Competence Program.
• Emotions & Feelings: The differences in communication and culture styles can even create fear. As an outcome of this anxiety, from different cultures, people may pull back and overlook to communicate at all.
• Time Value: The cultural view of time influences how it perceives deadlines. Not all cultures consider time in the linear fashion of North American. In the United States, punctuality is imperative, but cultures of Latin and Middle Eastern emphasizes value on relationships.
• Stereotypes and Prejudices: “Stereotypes from other cultures can create problems in communication and give offense” (Baraldi and Luppi, 2015). A belief or Ethnocentrism, that one’s own culture is better than others, can lead to a feeling of superiority toward other groups and not well treating them.

As far as overcoming the barriers to intercultural communication is concerned, the following tips can be practiced-

• a. Introduction of employees with one another who will be together working in a non-threatening environment, enabling a good long term working relationship.
• b. Learning about the language of the other person’s culture, norms, and rules for behavior that could be acceptable would aid in preparing the personnel in dealing with situations as they arise.
• c. Conducting activities for demonstrating how dependent people are on language.
• d. Providing techniques, tips, and workshops for effectively communicating in an environment of cross-cultural work.
• e. Coaching employees for mediating concerned conflicts of cultural misunderstandings. Providing opportunities for personnel for responding to situations from different viewpoints other than one’s own. This calls for being empathetic.

Multicultural Communication Guidelines

In addition to this, it is also advisable to follow Multicultural Communication Guidelines, which depicts the following-

• Understanding one’s own culture: Improving communication with people around by accelerating awareness of own culture together with its subsequent influences on the values, beliefs and behavioral patterns. Recognizing that one’s own experiences and cultural background shape our thinking pattern, what we value, and how we communicate.
• Identifying & adapting to differences in language: Sivle and Aamodt (2019) states that if communication is made with people from different culture, learning how the languages i.e. both nonverbal and verbal, culture differ from one’s own. Observing and learning the sense of signal of nonverbal communication for conversing such as social distance, facial expressions, and gestures of the hand. Avoiding nonverbal signals might be offensive.
• Having an open mind and showing respect to the diversity: Learning about beliefs, customs, and cultures of others regardless of judging their one’s own unexamined biases and cultural identity. However, saying this does not mean that one change their notions or insult their very own culture, rather it is about recognizing that values of culture affect behaviors as well as notions and understanding how it is interpreted by others nonverbal and verbal language aids communication of a person for receiving the response (THE INFLUENCE OF AGING ATTITUDES ON VIEWS OF ONE’S OWN AGING: AGE, CULTURE, AND DOMAIN EFFECTS, 2015).

References

1. Baraldi, C. and Luppi, L. (2015). Ways of overcoming linguistic barriers in healthcare intercultural communication. Language and Intercultural Communication, 15(4), pp.581-599.
2. Bisiada, M. (2015). Metaphor and intercultural communication. Language and Intercultural Communication, 15(4), pp.616-621.
3. Canals, E. (2012). Intercultural Communication: A Critical Introduction. Language and Intercultural Communication, 12(2), pp.167-169.
4. Cappellini, M. (2015). Introducing language and intercultural communication. Language and Intercultural Communication, 15(1), pp.184-186.
5. Caust, J. (2010). Arts and Business: The Impact of Business Models on the Activities of Major Performing Arts Organisations in Australia. Media International Australia, 135(1), pp.32-44.
6. Eginli, A. (2016). FROM THE INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION BARRIERS TO THE INTERCULTURAL ADAPTATION: INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION EXPERIENCES. IJASOS- International E-journal of Advances in Social Sciences, 2(4), p.32.
7. Harro-Loit, H., Vihalemm, T. and Ugur, K. (2011). Cultural Experience as a (Critical) Factor in Crisis Communication Planning. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 20(1), pp.26-38.
8. Kende, A. (2016). Separating Social Science Research on Activism from Social Science as Activism. Journal of Social Issues, 72(2), pp.399-412.
9. Kolinko, M. (2019). Intercultural Communication: from Distinction to Inclusion. Intercultural Communication, 1(6), pp.189-212.
10. Sivle, A. and Aamodt, T. (2019). A dialogue-based weather forecast: adapting language to end-users to improve communication. Weather.
11. THE INFLUENCE OF AGING ATTITUDES ON VIEWS OF ONE’S OWN AGING: AGE, CULTURE, AND DOMAIN EFFECTS. (2015). The Gerontologist, 55(Suppl_2), pp.857-857.
12. Zhang, X. (2010). Reflections on Cultural Differences between American and China on Translation. Asian Social Science, 6(12).

Executive Summary

The report has focused on corporate law for breach of contract between Jen and her client over Dali paintings. There are several laws which are applied to this case in order to resolve the conflict under legitimate Australian Law. According to Australian Consumer Law (ACL), fair trading is necessary to maintain within a business that is not properly followed that arose a range of problems for both the parties. It has also focused on liability of Master Plate to pay for tablecloths to Irish Linen Ltd and assumption of Carvers Pty Ltd for sealing the deal with Master Plate. Product liability laws deal with legislation relating to consumer protection. The law makes imposition of statutory obligation that offers strict liability for statutory guarantee and safety defect on the manufacturer. In order to offer transparent system of application, it is crucial to action on implementation of industry-specific legislation.

Part A: Contract law question

Issue

Corporate law for breach of contract between Jen and her client over Dali paintings

Rule

Competition and Consumer Act 2010: The client can successfully get out of contract by applying legitimate Australian law and legislation. According to Competition and Consumer Act 2010, the client can claim Jan under counterfeiting that enforces part to cancel an agreement. Under section 278 (1), the client can make a counter-claim for relevant liabilities (Legislation.gov.au, 2019).

Law of Negligence and Limitation of Liabilities Act 2008: On the contrary, the Law of Negligence and Limitation of Liabilities Act 2008 are also applied against the client due to negligence in agreement. As per the law of Negligence, the agreement can be argued or counter-claim under a duty of care in which client has not gone through legitimate process or policy before involving into the agreement.

Analysis

Jen owns a Dali painting that she thinks is original and displayed in her office. One of her clients has seen the painting and offers an attractive amount that is 50,000 dollar. After some days, the client came to know that the painting is not genuine during appraised for insurance purposes. By comparing the original price in market, the client came to know that a very good price of this painting is about only 1500 dollar (Erdiaw-Kwasie and Alam, 2016). Hence, the client can take a legal action Jen under Australian Law and Legislation for successfully get out of the contract along with penalty for counterfeiting.

There are several laws and legislation that can be applied to this case in order to resolve the conflict under legitimate Australian Law. According to Australian Consumer Law (ACL), fair trading is necessary to maintain within a business that is not properly followed that arose a range of problems for both the parties. Jan has to pay some capital as a penalty about 1000 dollar due to involve in counterfeiting under Competition and Consumer Act 2010. By applying this law in a case study, an agreement can be cancelled an under unfair contract terms and unsolicited consumer agreement of ACL. In arguing with this legislation, Limitation of Liabilities Act 2008 is also applied that implies that the client has not followed a legal and legitimate process before involving into an agreement as per the Duty of care under negligence law (Choice.com.au, 2019). By applying this law in this case, it is asserted that the client is not totally liable to get total money that he offers to Jan that is 50,000 dollar. As suggested by Liu (2017), these laws and legislation support the client to get out of the agreement positively. Similarly, Competition and Consumer Act under Section 45 stated that an agreement cannot be applicable in case if any parties are trying to gain maximum profit against the agreement. In regard to Jan, it is observed that she is unaware of the authenticity of a painting. Under division 3 of Law of Negligence 2008, the client has to bear some amount cost due to breach of liabilities and factual causation in order to get out from the agreement successfully (Law.unimelb.edu.au, 2019). These law and legislation are required to implement vigilantly to make sure the client justices under legitimate Australian law and regulation.

In the case of O’Brien v Dawson (1942), there had breach of contract law. In the case there was termination of contract was done by the offender and court had penalized for breach of law in the case. There was further declaration of common law perspective which can be integrated into the termination of contract due to breach. In case of Jen, trusts of the client were violated. However, the seller in this case can claim that there was lack of knowledge about the Dali paintings. Proper process of appraisal can be required for insurance purpose (Mees and Smith, 2019). It was later found that the painting only costs $1500 rather than $50,000. Thus, according to contract law, there is enough scope of the client to get out of this deal. There is further proof of insurance company that this Dali painting is not genuine. There can be aspect of making the argument in present case for providing sufficient advice. The client has to be given opportunity to get out of the deal through proper way of negotiation. The case of BURTON -v- JACKMAN (2014) deals with breach of contract in terms of product damages. The defendant in the case argued that there were damages in product which is against their contract. Thus, it is crucial that adequate compensation is made for the case of law breach.

Conclusion

The case of Jen and her client can be considered in the light of the breach of contract law. There was provision in the law that states lack of knowledge about the Dali paintings. Thus, Jen cannot be blamed directly for breach of contract in the present case. There needs to be association of insurance for determination of authenticity of the painting. Competition and Consumer Act 2010 can be invoked in the present case for proper compensation. It is further important to determine aspect of cost of the painting. Collection of the painting has been made by Jen without proper knowledge about authenticity of the painting. Thus, the present case can be considered in the light of managing lack of trust scenario, as stated in the case. Requirement of original product can be determined through insurance purpose. Further, advice can be sought from court cases to determine the amount of compensation. Client of Jen can show proof of insurance appraisal procedure for revealing that there is lack of genuineness in the painting. Thus, the client of Jen has considerable advantage in getting out of this contract. According to Law of Negligence and Limitation of Liabilities Act 2008, there was negligence on the part of Jen, as she had not verified authenticity of the painting. Thus, proper compensation has to be offered to client, as there is aspect of negligence on the part of Jen.

Reference list

1. Choice.com.au (2019), Limitation of Liabilities Act 2008, Available From: https://www.choice.com.au/shopping/online-shopping/buying-online/articles/counterfeit-goods [Accessed on 14 May 2019]
2. Erdiaw-Kwasie, M.O. and Alam, K., 2016. Towards understanding digital divide in rural partnerships and development: A framework and evidence from rural Australia. Journal of Rural Studies, 43, pp.214-224. Available at: https://apo.org.au/sites/default/files/resource-files/2015/12/apo-nid137851-1170171.pdf [Accessed 12/5/19]
3. Law.unimelb.edu.au (2019), Australian Consumer Law (ACL), Available From https://law.unimelb.edu.au/data/assets/pdf_file/0005/2877782/AGLC3.pdf [Accessed on 14 May 2019]
4. Legislation.gov.au (2019), Competition and Consumer Act 2010, Available From: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2013C00620/Html/Volume_3#_Toc368657561 [Accessed on 14 May 2019]
5. Liu, S., 2017. Globalization as boundary-blurring: international and local law firms in China’s corporate law market. In Law and the Market Economy in China (pp. 231-264). Routledge. Available at: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1015.6383&rep=rep1&type=pdf [Accessed 12/5/19]
6. Mees, B. and Smith, S.A., 2019. Corporate governance reform in Australia: a new institutional approach. British Journal of Management, 30(1), pp.75-89. Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1467-8551.12298 [Accessed 12/5/19]

Part B: Corporate law question

Issue

Liability of Master Plate to pay for tablecloths to Irish Linen Ltd and assumption of Carvers Pty Ltd for sealing the deal with Master Plate.

Rule

Product liability act 2018:

Product liability laws deal with legislation relating to consumer protection. The law makes imposition of statutory obligation that offers strict liability for statutory guarantee and safety defect on the manufacturer. In order to offer transparent system of application, it is crucial to action on implementation of industry-specific legislation. Claim of product liability deals with integration of liability regime. Fair practice of trading further can be made with utilisation of this liability law. In the business deal, parties involved are free for the contract agreement and implication can be made on common statute or common law.

Litigation & Dispute Resolution 2019

Purposes of the act include illegal activities in business deal. Protection in case of business deal can be considered for analysis of risk activities. Participation of inherent risky activities can further be considered for avoidance of mental harm. There can be amendment of the law for ensuring that significant risk factors are eliminated successfully. The litigation and dispute resolution act can be considered for determination of analysing significant risks for ensuring that sufficient numbers of tablecloths are provided.

Analysis

In the case two young entrepreneurs Adam and Poh decided to enter into the business of restaurant. They named the company “Master Plate Pty Ltd”. There was an agreement between Irish Linen Ltd and Master Plate Pty Ltd for supplying tablecloths. The company did not have constitution and both Adam and Poh have equal representation in company’s share. Suddenly a dispute occurs between Master Plate and Irish Linen. Thus, that contract was not ratified by the company. On the contrary, Adam entered into agreement with Carvers Pty Ltd. for sealing contract. Thus, the case seeks to analyse assumption of Carvers Pty Ltd. However, Irish Linen offered tablecloths to the company but no payment was made. According to Lazar (2018), there needs to be determination of liability of payment.

In the case, there was lack of disagreement between Irish Linen and master plate. However, agreement was made earlier. Thus, there is responsibility of the company of Ada and Poh to offer proper aspect of compensation. In the case of Clubb v Edwards Preston v Avery (2019), there is implication of ensuring final deal of law. In the case, the court has given verdict on the basis of final deal made between two companies. According to earlier agreement the company was supposed to get tablecloths from Irish LInen. Lack of formal agreement or ratification offers opportunity to master Plate, as the contract was not made (Rajapakse, 2015). The concerned contract law in the context of Australia can be applicable for providing guidance to present cases. Irish Linen can claim breach of contract as the agreement was not maintained by the company of two young entrepreneurs.

Assumption of Carvers Pty Ltd for sealing deal with Master Plate

Determination of appropriate case in legal consideration can be taken into account for sealing the contract deal. Product liability Act 2018 can be applied in the present case, as Master Plate has signed the deal with Carvers. There is further assumed that the current law can be used for buying products from Carvers. There can be association of entitlement which can be used for making a transparent system of law for signing this deal. Both Adam and Poh are responsible for ensuring that assumption is made on the basis of improving contract law (Giancaspro, 2017). The Irish company can take a view from other organisation for determination of improved contract in the present scenario of law. Entitlement of contract for Adam can violate basic principle of agreement. However, no formal and final deal was made between Carvers and Adam. This has enabled poor implementation of present contract law in partnership approach. In case of dispute occurs between Irish Linen and Master Plate over purchasing product, Product liability Act 2018 can be invoked. The purpose of this law is to offer protection to both the parties involved in the agreement. Exclusive jurisdiction further can be practiced for prevention of negligence during sealing a deal. Deal between Carvers and Master Plate can be fostered for bringing a better perspective of contract in the present case.

Liability of master Plate to pay for tablecloths to Irish Linen Ltd

On 1st May, Irish Linen delivered tablecloths to Master Plate; however, payment was not made for this deal. There can be further assumption in that deal to sign it with supplying tablecloths for assumption to offer better payment method. The deal can be considered in the perspective of Litigation & Dispute Resolution 2019. There can be determination of deal that can help make better assumption for proper way of entitlement. As suggested by Manderson et al. (2015), the federal system in Australia concerned with determination of jurisdiction that can be helpful for determination of jurisdiction. There is legal dispute, as no payment was made for providing tablecloths to Master Plate. Maynard v MoneyGram Payment Systems Inc (2018) case can be considered for process of judicial payment method to the desired applicants. Application of tribunal laws further requires to be initiated for integration of reasonable standard in this present case.

Conclusion

It can be concluded the dispute of the company of Adam and Poh with Irish Linen has to be resolved through existing legal system in Australia. Invocation of Litigation & Dispute Resolution 2019 can further be crucial to resolution of payment issues between Irish Linen and Master Plate. There is further case of ratification of law which cannot be done between the two companies. Disagreement with several issues ultimately leads to increased disputes between two companies. There is further entitlement of Carvers Pty Ltd for sealing the deal. Innovative procedure of dispute resolution can be adopted in the present scenario of managing the cases. Furthermore, option of mutual agreement between two parties in the case Master Plate and Irish Linen can be explored for resolution of payment issues.

Reference list

1. Giancaspro, M., 2017. Is a ‘smart contract’really a smart idea? Insights from a legal perspective. Computer law & security review, 33(6), pp.825-835. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mark_Giancaspro/publication/317354410_Is_a_%27smart_contract%27_really_a_smart_idea_Insights_from_a_legal_perspective/links/5c2d5891a6fdccfc707902d8/Is-a-smart-contract-really-a-smart-idea-Insights-from-a-legal-perspective.pdf [Accessed 4/5/19]
2. Lazar, A., 2018. Home-Sharing in South Australia: Protecting the Rights of Hosts, Guests, and Neighbours. UniSA Student Law Review, 3. Available at: https://www.ojs.unisa.edu.au/index.php/uslr/article/download/1494/929 [Accessed 3/5/19]
3. Manderson, A., Jefferies, M. and Brewer, G., 2015. Building information modelling and standardised construction contracts: a content analysis of the GC21 contract. Construction Economics and Building, 15(3), pp.72-84. Available at: https://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/AJCEB/article/view/4608/4942 [Accessed 2/5/19]
4. Rajapakse, P.J., 2016. Contamination of food and drinks: Product liability in Australia. Deakin L. Rev., 21, p.45. Available at: https://ojs.deakin.edu.au/index.php/dlr/article/viewFile/718/664 [Accessed 1/5/19]

Summary of the facts

Lincoln Electric is the leading competitor in welding and cutting systems. In 1998 Julius Wu became ill and Jeffrey Kundrach, a seasoned employee of Lincoln Electric, stepped in as general manager. Lincoln Electric is based in Cleveland, Ohio, and is known for its quality products and employee bonus system. The incentive system, also referred to as the piece rate payment scheme is given towards the end of the year before Christmas. The goal of the price rate scheme is to encourage high productivity and individual performance. The incentive system is successful in the United States and was implemented well. Given the societal structure and that Lincoln Electric is an American company Lincoln had a home court advantage. The same cannot be said for Lincoln Electric’s international expansion into the Asian market. The Chinese /Asian market differs from the Western globe in cultural values and politics. To the present day, Asian and Chinese cultures function as collective societies and are heavily influenced by the government. In that same sense, the incentive used to motivate and reinforce western employees would not be successful in china. Therefore, Lincoln Electric had to come up with a strategic plan as to how to introduce the incentive system to the employees, because they were not motivated by the same means as western citizens. Peter Grant, the head of sales and marketing, thought that “the traditional Lincoln system would also require the ability of the workforce to speak out and make suggestions for improvements in processes, something that would not come easily in the hierarchical Chinese society where superiors were expected to make initiatives and decide on most organizational matters” (Bjorkman and Galunic). Grant supposed that an incentive system would also be beneficial for the Asian culture and the government.

Problems

Lincoln Electric’s human resources and management were unsure as to how to implement the incentive system and when it should be done. The Asian market is the second largest globally because of the outsized population with the citizens holding very little debt and a lot more money to spend. The debt-to-income ratio is ideal and another reason Asian consumers are popular amongst businesses. However, to succeed in Asian markets it is difficult for western businesses to enter the Chinese market and maintain success. Big cultural differences in attitude and values make it challenging for foreigners, for example, “colors can have very specific meanings for the Chinese people; red, for instance, is associated with good fortune. While white symbolizes purity, it is also the color most associated with death. These facts can be crucial for your branding considerations in the country” (entrepreneur.com). Also, although many western and European companies have business operations in China, most foreigners do not agree with the Chinese government and their social and political practices concerning their citizens. The main reason foreign companies abide by China’s ruling is because of the great financial benefits they offer to businesses. In totality, the attitude of the western culture is to maximize individual success. Although there are major concerns for the right of Chinese citizens, those rights do not directly impose on the business or impact their incomes. However, the Asian government is not particularly a fan of western business because they like to impose their beliefs on the Chinese citizens. This contributes to the culture clash between the government and American business. The Asian government does not want foreigners starting trouble in their country, which could create a possible civil uproar between the citizens and the government.

This chart illustrates the negative views 25 other countries have towards China. It is challenging for a company to succeed if they do not understand the people in the country. Human relations will face difficulties with employee retention as well as training and development. This is because in each country the law states that you must hire a majority percent of the country’s citizens. This adds to the health of the government and the development of the citizens. Expatriates are welcomed during training and development and startup operations but are not encouraged for permeant staffing. The graph depicts that “a median of 66% across 25 countries say the Chinese government does not respect the personal freedoms of its people” (pewresearch.org). Most are not favorable to China’s stance towards their citizen’s personal freedom, and in hindsight, China is aware of and often reluctant to welcome foreign practices.

Analysis

Given the structure of the government in relation to the Lincoln Electrics system, the employees are anticipated to have a difficult time adjusting to the incentive system. The projected outcomes are positive and beneficial to the company and the employees. Lincoln hoped the piecework system will encourage the citizens to speak up, have a voice, and challenge their government as how they would in the workplace. “The Chinese employees observe a cult-like following for the Kai-Fu Lee practice, where they want to have a close tie to the company’s national leader” (Marchington & Grugulis, 2000). Cultural differences should not be undervalued. Western businesses need to understand and respect the influence collectivism has on the citizens of the country. This influence is embedded into their culture and day-to-day lives. Therefore, many Asian and Chinese natives are not t fond of foreigners coming into their country and attempting to disrupt their way of living. Although some elements of Western-style individualism have begun to enter into Chinese culture, for many people individual accomplishments or desires will still come secondary to societal, familial, or organizational operations (entrepreneur.com).

Recommendations

Diversity and values are big issues for Lincoln Electric to consider. Change does not occur overnight and the citizens of the country are going to take a period of time to adjust to the new practices. The adjustment period for the employees is going to be a challenging time and management cannot be sure how long it will take to adjust. A recommendation Lincoln Electric can consider is to follow suit in the amount of time Dr. Li spent on interviews choosing the right candidate for the job. Likewise, effort should be put into finding as many qualified natives and English speakers as possible. This would aid in HR-related issues and communication between staff and managers. For Lincoln Electric, positive conversation and word of mouth are important to establish rapport and trust within the country. Lincoln Electric is a foreign business owned by a foreigner, traditional citizens are hesitant to work for foreign businesses because the government is heavily entangled and many fear negative retaliation from the government.

Bibliography

1. Bjorkman, I., Galunic, C. (2004): ‘Lincoln Electric in China’, Briscoe and Schuler International HRM.
2. Devlin, Kat. “5 Charts on Global Views of China.” Pew Research Center, Pew Research Center, 19 Oct. 2018, www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/10/19/5-charts-on-global-views-of-china/.
3. Kittaneh, Firas. “6 Tips for Doing Business in China.” Entrepreneur, 13 July 2017, www.entrepreneur.com/article/297009.
4. Kittaneh, Firas. “6 Tips for Doing Business in China.” Entrepreneur, 13 July 2017, www.entrepreneur.com/article/297009.
5. “Lincoln Electric Completes Acquisition of Air Liquide Welding.” LINCOLN ELECTRIC, ir.lincolnelectric.com/news-releases/news-release-details/lincoln-electric-completes-acquisition-air-liquide-welding.

Case Study: CVA

A Cerebrovascular accident (stroke) is a rapid-onset medical emergency than can cause neurological damage and disabilities. Many people know of or heard of someone having a stroke before; it is very common in the United States. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, stroke kills about 140,000 Americans each year- that’s 1 out of every 20 deaths, also about 87% of all strokes are ischemic strokes, in which blood flow to the brain is blocked. This case study discusses expected signs and symptoms, risk factors, nursing care plan and interventions of the patient who has experienced a CVA. It also describes Patient Mr. B current health and past medical history and basic conditioning factors.

Basic Conditioning Factors

Patient Mr. B is a 79-year-old Caucasian male patient who was admitted on March 8, 2019, at noon. He has a medical history of atrial fibrillation and hypertension. About a year ago, he experienced a cerebrovascular accident also known as a stroke, which has left him having hemiplegia and hemiparesis affecting his right dominant side. His past medical history includes hyperlipidemia and dysphagia, which usually affects the majority of stroke patients. Due to his dysphagia, he also has had a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) to help get his nutritional needs like liquid, food, and medications. His feeding rate is 60ml/hr. and is held between the hours of 12 pm-4 pm, due to his family visiting him around that time. The consistency of his feeding is honey-thickened liquid His code status is do not resuscitate (DNR), has no known drug allergies and is being withheld from food and fluids (NPO). His development level according to Erikson’s stages is Integrity vs. Despair. He fits more of ego integrity meaning he is looking back on life a feeling a sense of fulfillment leading up to wisdom. His activity level is dependent with attempts to initiate on his own. On September 16, 2019, his vital signs were BP: 126/78 Pulse: 63 Pox 93 Respirations: 22 and no complaints of pain. On September 17, 2019, his vital signs were BP: 117/78 Pulse: 55 Respirations: 20 and no complaints of pain. His pulse fluctuates frequently due to him having atrial fibrillation.

Expected Signs and Symptoms of Primary or Admission Medical Diagnosis

The primary diagnoses for this client is a cerebrovascular accident is the medical term for a stroke. A stroke can be ischemic or transient, the difference between the two is that a transient is a temporary blood clot and is reversible, ischemic isn’t. According to the Center of Disease Control and Prevention (2018), the five most common signs and symptoms of a stroke are sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body; sudden confusion, trouble speaking, or difficulty understanding speech; sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes; sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance, or lack of coordination; severe headache with no known cause. Some nursing considerations when caring for patients is to keep the HOB 30 degrees, frequent neurological assessments, fall prevention measures, prevention of contractions, and promoting cerebral tissue perfusion. (‘Nursing Care Plan for Stroke (CVA),’ n.d.).

Health Deviations

During the assessment of the nursing process, the abnormal finding for this client was weakness on his right dominant side, unable to communicate, excessive frothy sputum, abdominal distention, generalized weakness, activity intolerant and labored breathing. The patient can suction himself per MD order; the suction device is left at his bedside. Head of the bed should be elevated 30-45 degrees to prevent aspiration.

>ention to get movement going, since the patient is immobile. Also administering a laxative per MD order twill help with constipation to relieve his distention. It is important to encourage the patient to use his left hand, since the right side is weak.

Nursing Diagnosis

Risk for aspiration related to impaired swallowing as evidenced by the patient being unable to swallow or drink any fluids. (Vera, 2013) It is important to monitor the patient throughout the shift for risk for aspiration and to assist the patient with head control and position based on specific dysfunction to reduce the risk of aspiration. (Vera, 2013) Administer tube feedings for fluid replacement and nutrition. (Vera, 2013) Have suction equipment available at the bedside in case the patient starts to aspirate. (Vera, 2013) The goal of care is the patient maintains a patent normal airway and normal breath sounds and patient digest gastric feeding without aspiration. (Vera, 2013) Lastly, the patient is free of aspirations and the risk of aspirations is decreased. (Vera, 2013) Risk for skin break down related to skin friction as evidenced by reddened heels. The patient’s skin should be left clean, dry and intact and he should be repositioned every two hours. Additionally, boney prominences like elbows, heels, and sacrum should be inspected for skin breakdown due to being higher risk because of compression between hard surface and the bone. (Wayne, 2019) The goal is the patient’s skin should remain intact by having no presentation of redness on boney prominences. (Wayne, 2019)

Plan of Care

The plan of care to take into action is to improve Mr. B is to help him with his difficult speaking, immobility, and preventing a secondary stroke. It is beneficial for Mr. B to meet with physical therapy to help him learn exercises that can help lower his blood pressure, lower his body weight, and improve vasodilation. He is at greater risk for a secondary stroke because of his atrial fibrillation. Anticoagulant therapy like aspirin can help thin out of the blood and prevent the risk of blood clots forming in the heart, which can be a cause that leads to a stroke. While in the facility to help him communicate. For example, using a communication board and being able to use a notepad to write out on things he would like to speak of. Since he is unable to communicate with his family over the phone, it is important to remind the family to visit him. Additionally, occupational therapy would be beneficial to help him maintain skills needed for daily living. He should also be encouraged to do independent activities while providing care. For instance, encouraging him to brush his teeth by using his stronger hand or brushing his hair.

Conclusion

Furthermore, this case study illustrates how Mr. B has many things to work on towards his health condition. Cerebrovascular accident is a very serious condition that can be life-threatening to the patient and requires immediate interventions. Teaching the client about his medication, exercising, following up with his specialist, and maintaining a healthy weight can be beneficial to his health and help him understand more how important it is to take care of him. Lastly, it is important for the nurse to notice the signs and symptoms of a potential stroke and what to do when it occurs. The nurse should be able to also consider the patient’s background, education, and different ways to help the patient understand their health condition when barriers are present, for instance, the patient being nonverbal.

Medication List

Medication

Why

Side Effects

Nursing Concerns

Dosage

Atrovastatin

Antihyperlipdemia

Hyperlipidemia

Abdominal cramps, flatus, heartburn

Monitor CK levels, obtain dietary history, monitor liver function test, monitor cholesterol

1 tab 40 mg G-tube

Docusate Sodium

Laxative

Bowel Management

Diarrhea, bitter taste, bloating, gas

Encourage fluids. Monitor bowels (color, consistency, amount)

10 ML G-tube

Dulcolax (Basacodyl)

Laxative

Constipation

Throat irritation, mild cramps, diarrhea, rashes

Don’t use when abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or fever is present/ don’t take within 2 hr. of other laxatives.

10 mg (suppository/rectal)

Fleet enema

Laxative (Saline)

Constipation

Dizziness, headache, abdominal pain, bloating

Assess abdominal distension, color/amount/consistency of stools

Rectal

Milk of Magnesium

Laxative

Constipation

Diarrhea, flushing, sweating

Assess for heartburn/indigestion, monitor serum phosphate, potassium and calcium levels

30cc G-tube

Multivitamin + minerals

Supplement

Supplement

Upset stomach, Constipation, Diarrhea

Monitor Bowel movements (form, consistency, color)

10 Ml G-tube

Robitussin

Antitussives

Cough

Dizziness, sedation, nausea

Assess frequency/nature of cough, long sounds, and sputum produced

10ML G-tube

PRN

Tylenol

Analgesic/

Antipyretic

Mild pain (1-3)

Hypotension, agitation, anxiety, headache, fatigue, insomnia, constipation

Assess alcohol usage, assess type/location of pain, assess fever, may alter blood glucose monitoring (lower)

325 mg 2 tabs PRN

TUBER sol

Skin test to determine if pt. has tuberculosis

Generalized rash, fainting, light headedness, redness at injection site

Read after 72 hours, Annual PD test 03/22/2020

0.1 ML intradermal

Aspirin: no steroidal ant inflammatory drug

Fever/Mild Pain

Chest Pain

CVA prophylaxis

GI BLEEDING, dyspepsia, epigastric distress, nausea, abdominal pain, anorexia, hepatotoxicity, vomiting

Monitor pain/fever. (Type of pain, characteristic, onset, time) (Monitor temperature)

81 mg 1 tablet G-tube

HEMATOLOGY

Date of lab:

January 30, 2019

REFERENCE

RANGE (for your lab)

DAY OF LAB: (+ previous values as pertinent)

IMPLICATIONS: – Why do you think your patient has this lab value, any concerns?

WBC

4.00-10.00

5.30

WNR

RBC

4.63-6.08

3.53

Not enough O2 in the blood

HGB

13.7-17.5

11.8

Can be an indication of anemia

HCT

40.1-51.0

36.2

Can be an indication of anemia or from medication

PLT

150-400

135

Can indicate anemia, enlarged spleen or iron deficiency

COAGULATION

REFERENCE RANGE (for your lab)

DAY OF LAB:

IMPLICATIONS:

PT

N/A

N/A

N/A

INR

N/A

N/A

N/A

APTT

N/A

N/A

N/A

CHEMISTRY

REFERENCE RANGE (for your lab)

DATE OF LAB:

IMPLICATIONS:

NA

70-99

140

Indication of high blood pressure, dehydration,

K

3.7-4.5

3.7

WTR

CL

98-107

106

WTR

CO2

27

21-31

WTR

GLUCOSE

70-99

140

Infection, illness, under stress, or indication of something wrong within the heart.

BUN (blood urea nitrogen)

7-25

18

WTR

CREAT

0.70-1.30

0.79

WTR

CA

8.6-10.3

8.6

WTR

PHOS

N/A

N/A

N/A

MAG

N/A

N/A

N/A

PROTEIN

6.4-8.9

5.6

WTR

ALBUMIN

3.4-5.7

3.4

WTR

ALT

7-52

23

WTR

AST

13-29

22

WTR

TRIGLYCERIDE

N/A

N/A

N/A

References

1. High Blood Pressure | Hypertension. (2019, September 4). Retrieved from https://medlineplus.gov/highbloodpressure.html.
2. Hyperlipidemia. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://vascular.org/patient-resources/vascular-conditions/hyperlipidemia.
3. Nursing Care Plan for Stroke (CVA) – NRSNG Nursing Courses. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://academy.nrsng.com/lesson/nursing-care-plan-for-stroke/.
4. Stroke Symptoms. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/stroke-symptoms.
5. Stroke, Acute (Cerebrovascular Accident [CVA]): 5-Minute Clinical Consult. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.unboundmedicine.com/5minute/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/1688020/all/Stroke__Acute__Cerebrovascular_Accident_[CVA]_.
6. Vera, M., & Vera, M. (2019, June 3). 8 Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke) Nursing Care Plans. Retrieved from https://nurseslabs.com/8-cerebrovascular-accident-stroke-nursing-care-plans/2/.
7. Villines, Z. (n.d.). What Is The Difference Between Hemiplegia And Hemiparesis? Retrieved from https://www.spinalcord.com/blog/what-is-the-difference-between-hemiplegia-and-hemiparesis.
8. What is Atrial Fibrillation (AFib or AF)? (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/atrial-fibrillation/what-is-atrial-fibrillation-afib-or-af.

Surveillance in our nation only increases as our technology advances. Complex algorithms analyze our behavior online, our shopping habits and our tastes. Phone companies sell our cellphone history and text message records to the National Security Agency and large private corporations. This ludicrously large breach of privacy was withheld from public knowledge for years. That is until 2013, when Edward Snowden leaked information about how the NSA was monitoring telephone records and text messages, as well as audio and video chats, emails, documents and connection logs from Internet providers. Because of this, many believe Snowden to be a hero, while others consider him a traitor and threat to national security. Snowden exposed a massive breach of privacy at the US citizen’s expense, but he also informed those with intent to commit terrorism or espionage that they are indeed being watched. Regardless of if he is a traitor or a hero, what he did was a service to the American people, but it was cowardly to flee to Hong Kong upon releasing this information.

It is the right of the American people under the Fourth Amendment to “…secure their persons, house, documents, and effects”. The NSA explicitly breaches this amendment by obtaining private documents, and communications of American citizens, and doing so without the consent of the citizen in question. In this case, Edward Snowden is only abiding by the American constitution and calling attention to the would-be illicit activities of the NSA.

Despite the actions of Edward Snowden being righteous and in the best interest of the American people, his method of execution is cowardly and debatably criminal. He could have instead remained in the United States, faced the consequences, and become a political martyr, either metaphorically or literally, but he fled instead. It was a reasonable decision with respect to the possibility of Snowden facing the death penalty, but a trial by his peers could have easily exempted him of his transgressions, and he deprived the US of a Supreme Court trial that could have created legislation protecting government whistleblowers, and laying down laws that define the manner of surveillance acceptable

Snowden’s method of execution was that of a coward, but the ends he happened to achieve were that of a hero. The notion that the NSA’s surveillance operations are carried out with the intent to prevent terrorist attacks and national security breaches is unfounded, as there are no recorded instances where national security breaches or terrorist attacks have been prevented. In fact, with surveillance still in place, there has been a breach in the continuity of the 2016 elections by the hands of foreign actors that went completely unabridged, and without any record of the instance becoming a concern to national security. There have been numerous terrorist attacks since the information was leaked, and very few recorded preventions thereof. So, if surveillance is a method of maintaining national security, it is an ineffective method at best.

Snowden is no hero, but his actions sacrificed any chance at rebuilding his livelihood for the sake of the American people. Thanks to him informing the American public about the actions of the NSA, we can now pressure the government to reform surveillance laws and take steps as citizens to secure our own private affairs online. Perhaps these events and any events similar to this in the future will help us define our Fourth Amendment right, and whether it should be a human right to have privacy.

Background

Moderating fiasco sway requires distinguishing hazard factors. The expanded weakness of the physically delicate is effectively comprehended. Subtler is the financial hazard factors, particularly inside moderately prosperous social orders. Tropical storm Katrina showed vast numbers of these dangers inside the United States. These variables incorporate neediness, home possession, poor English language capability, ethnic minorities, worker status, and high-thickness lodging. These hazard factors must be viewed as when deciding for fiasco readiness, moderation, and reaction.

Introduction

The Atlantic period of Hurricane on 29 August 2005 was the fate of one the cataclysmic and deplorable tropical storm season in the history (CNN, 2018). It accompanied unsavory astonishment of Hurricane Katrina which hit North Central Coastal Gulf of the United States. Even though the United States had 65 sea tempests of Category three power or higher somewhere in the range of 1900 and 2000 yet Hurricane Katrina was an enormous Category 5 storm (Davis, Rough, Cecchine, Schaefer & Zeman, 2007). Wind speeds recorded for the focal tempest were 103 miles for every hour while it additionally had hurricane constrained breezes of 230 miles for each hour from the point of center. The pinnacle edge of the blizzard had a recorded speed of 175 miles for each hour while on Gulf Coast it had tallness of 30 feet (Davis, Rough, Cecchine, Schaefer, Zeman, 2007). Katrina did not characterize itself coastal territories but instead additionally achieved inland. Katrina Hurricane had a severe effect on human lives and their property in the influenced regions.

The aftermath of Hurricane Katrina damaged public property heavily with an estimated worth of US$125 billion while it devastated around 300,000 houses (Levitt & Whitaker, 2009). Affected main cities were Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, Georgia and Mississippi but Mississippi and Louisiana had the most strong blow (Levitt & Whitaker, 2009). However, the affected areas came under flood later which caused more difficulty and hard for evacuation.

Risks before Hurricane

Population

Those of lower financial standing will, in general, live in more congested, less secure, and high-chance situations. It has been recommended that their condition gets less insurance than different districts, making an endless loop of consistently expanding danger. Autonomous of area and shape, basically low-quality lodging frequently is an intermediary for neediness and ethnic minorities and is bound to fall amid a calamity.

These hazard factors were affecting everything preceding Hurricane Katrina. In 2003, Cutter built up an across the country guide of common hazard inside the US; New Orleans was one of the more outrageous high-chance zones, arriving in the last three percentile of the country. Tropical storm Katrina approved these presumptions. Using the year 2000’s statistics information, it was found that highest blow to other areas of the New Orleans were those who were black and the population was living under the line of poverty as compared to other areas of New Orleans (Zoroaster & Richard, 2010). It is not astonishing that a review revealed that a few occupants from the neighborhoods believe that the levees were intentionally torn down to protect the influenced people of the area (Zoroaster & Richard, 2010).

‘Mississippi River Gulf Outlet’

At the point when Hurricane Katrina made landfall, it had snared east, saving the city its most exceedingly bad breezes. However, the waters from the storm found a prepared way to ambush the ‘Enormous Easy,’ on account of the development of a 76-mile trench that was finished by the United States Armed Force Engineering Corps in 1968. The Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MRGO), was a project which could reduce the time while giving more connectivity for ocean-going vessels and machinery from travel the Coastal Gulf of Mexico to the New Orleans (Flynn, 2015).

Levees and Flood Walls

New Orleans’ essential line of resistance against the ocean and the Mississippi River has for quite some time been a levee and floodwall framework. Tragically, that framework saw little interest in the 50 years preceding Hurricane Katrina (Davis, Rough, Cecchine, Schaefer & Zeman, 2007). The city resembles a fishbowl, with the water outwardly and a large portion of a million homes within. Approximately 3 feet per inch was recorded as land depreciated for New Orleans every century, so it lies at a normal of six feet beneath ocean level, with certain areas as low as eleven feet underneath. Without the levees and floodwalls, a significant part of the city would be a shallow lake (Davis, Rough, Cecchine, Schaefer & Zeman, 2007).

Endangered Coastal Gulf Areas

Tragically, the feeling of refusal and disregard of the basic framework that prompted the close suffocating of New Orleans in 2005 keeps on imperiling numerous U.S. urban communities. Norfolk, Miami, Boston, and New York, all have the threat of rising ocean levels and environmental change alongside the probability of severe tropical storms (Flynn, 2015). Seattle is closer to Cascadia subduction zone that has a place with the Pacific Arc’s also known as Ring of Fire while Los Angeles is endangered by San Andreas Fault line as it is closer to it(Flynn, 2015). On the other hand, in America’s heartland and urban areas are also threatened due to the New Madrid Fault Line which can cause a seismic tremor anytime it is triggered (Flynn, 2015).

Evacuation before Katrina Hurricane

Open alerts are proposed to help relieve fiasco impacts and usually are masked through the media. Notwithstanding, for warnings to be viable, they should be comprehended and accepted. In the US, about 8% of the general populace does not communicate in English well, and in some real urban areas, that number is >50% (Zoroaster & Richard, 2010). Neediness is to some degree corresponding to family size, and families usually evident as a unit. The substantial family is all the while bound to be poor and have the social complexities of planning the readiness and assessment of numerous individuals’ crosswise overages. Furthermore, doubt of government specialist, typical to various socially hindered gatherings, additionally has been appeared to obstruct clearing and readiness primary leadership (Zoroaster, Richard & 2010).

Failure of Preparations

Amid Katrina, this concrete sided conduit gave a prepared way to channel the tempest flood beginning from the Gulf of Mexico for an immediate hit on New Orleans. As the typhoon came inland, the water steamrolled down the MRGO on an impact course with the Industrial Canal, causing an 800-foot break. A considerable lot of the networks toward the east of New Orleans were casualties of the overtopping of the MRGO.

The tempest floods delivered by Hurricane Katrina ruptured the levees securing New Orleans in various spots, flooding roughly 75 percent of the metropolitan territory. The more significant part of the levee disappointments was brought about by overtopping, as the tempest flood ascended over the highest point of a levee and scoured out the base of the landward dike or floodwall. Three noteworthy and expensive breaks seem to have been brought about by the disappointment of the dirt hidden the levees or distress of the earthen levee banks themselves; in a few spots, levee establishments fizzled when water levels were beneath the highest points of the ridges. Changes between ribs of contrasting statures or materials ended up being feeble focuses on the flood-assurance framework; countless washouts happened, for instance, where the flimsier of two neighboring materials was at a lower height.

Understanding the powerlessness to flood, or another natural calamity, New Orleans’ Disaster Management Organization ignored the content of the security framework preceding Hurricane or another natural calamity (Kayen, Collins, Gibbons, 2006). A lethal amount of debris was left by the floodwaters which did not just put lives in danger; it disturbed the ecosystems for animals and humans. However, all through the 1990s, government finances that may have been utilized to fix and fortify the city’s levees and flood dividers and secure the siphoning stations were seeped off for different ventures, for example, enlarging the MRGO. By the United States, Armed force Engineering Corps requested USD 22.5 million in 2004 for Tempest security ventures for New Orleans. Government sliced that spending solicitation to USD 3.9 million which was afterward reduced it to USD 3.0 million in 2005 (Mittal, 2005).

Overtopping was most dangerous on the east side of the flood-security framework, as the waters of Lake Borgne were driven west toward New Orleans, and furthermore more remote toward the south, alongside the lower compasses of the Mississippi River. Noteworthy overtopping and disintegration caused various ruptures in these regions. The greatness of overtopping was less extreme along the Inner Harbor Navigation Canal (IHNC, likewise called the ‘Modern Canal’ and along the western piece of the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MRGO) channel. On the other hand, overtopping in these territories caused disintegration and levees to fall. Alternatively, field perceptions estimated next to zero overtopping happened, but a significant part of the levees near Lake Pontchartrain, minor overtopping or wave splashover was seen. A rupture in the levee framework occurred at the northwest corner of the New Orleans East ensured region, close Lakefront Airport, at a perplexing change between levee sections of various statures and materials. An impression that a certain amount of leaves were fallen by overtopping might have performed better if essential subtleties were assumed. For example, protection of scouring on the inner and land side of the leaves had been developed or maintained in accordance.

Concentrates exhibited that the realized issues were influencing everything in New Orleans. Enumeration Bureau data recorded more than 150,000 Latinos in New Orleans, and more than 33% of them did not communicate in English well (Levitt & Whitaker, 2009). Episodic reports recommend that language and social boundaries kept Latinos from emptying. Verifiably, ethnic minorities and outsiders have been sufficiently skeptical of specialists that they frequently maintain a strategic distance from havens; narrative reports propose that happened following Katrina. While numerous different components blocked clearing, cover reviews found that among the individuals who understood the pre-Katrina alerts, many limited overlooked them because of doubt of the specialists (Levitt & Whitaker, 2009).

Surviving

The state should initially announce crisis and demand the President of the nation to start the aid projects from the government. The President at that point regularly liberates the assets apportioned for reproduction, recuperation, and help to the state after pronouncing a highly sensitive situation. Because of Katrina, these got a couple of days underway before it made landfall given the pre-storm harms and the seriousness of the danger presented. On the 29th of August, Katrina made landfall which prompted unforeseen damages.

Cuba fills in as a model for debacle the executives since its legislature has acknowledged essential obligation regarding the welfare of its individuals (Davis, Rough, Cecchine, Schaefer & Zeman, 2007). This reaction to catastrophe centers around the requirements of networks also, the coordination of available assets and administrations to address those issues. Duty regarding catastrophe, the arrangement is treated as an individual instead of a system or a regulatory obligation. In the United States, individuals were given the dimension of security that they actually could stand to fund, even though such strategies will leave numerous powerless and unprotected. As the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs noticed, the information to lessen hazard and peril is broadly accessible (Davis, Rough, Cecchine, Schaefer & Zeman, 2007). Without specific projects and the political will to execute the fundamental strategies, vulnerabilities will keep on existing, nonetheless.

However, the United States is probably going to keep on giving an essential obligation to nearby and state authorities, who best comprehend the circumstances as they emerge, have the sorts of abilities that will be required, and can react rapidly (Davis, Rough, Cecchine, Schaefer & Zeman, 2007). Moreover, the Constitution’s depiction of the points of confinement of government specialist, for the most part, underpins the power of the state in responding to fiascos, supremacy that stretches out to both regular citizen and National Guard responders. Nonetheless, in outrageous cataclysmic household crises, regardless of whether they be sea tempests, quakes, or psychological oppressor assaults, the reaction needs might be well past those that singular states can give, and help will be required from regular people in the national government as well as from dynamic obligation military powers (Davis, Rough, Cecchine, Schaefer & Zeman, 2007).

Recovery

The U.S. Armed force Corps of Engineers played out a point by point evaluation of around 350 miles (560 km) of tropical storm levee and built up a far-reaching, organized arrangement to fix it and the siphoning stations that help New Orleans and encompassing zones. ‘Colonel Duane Gapinski of Unwatering Task Force emphasized that people should not return to flooded areas as the repairs are on their way and do not guarantee that the city will be shielded from flooding coming about because of tempests or tropical storms. He said that occupants could be putting their lives and property in danger by returning overflowed zones until additional crisis levee fixes are made. State and neighborhood pioneers were educated as evaluations are being finished, and repairs are made.

Recuperation of New Orleans was viewed as a three-stage process: first and most prompt, to unwater the city and evaluate flood security. Second, to give an interval dimension of security to get the city through tropical storm season and later high water, and over the long haul, to restore the framework to pre-sea tempest conditions. It will have a colossal measure of study, research, financing, and development.

The Corps assessed that the New Orleans zone was 80 percent unwatered (Mittal, 2005). Corps authorities evaluated the general unwatering exertion, given ordinary regular precipitation, would be finished no later than early October 2005. Typhoon Rita was by and large intently viewed now. Extra traffic in the city in the previous three days had made some deferral in voyaging work locales and moving crisis fix hardware (Mittal, 2005).

The Army Engineers Corps, in January 2007, in the wake of having visited the broad ‘Delta Works’ levee framework in the Netherlands, granted a $150 million contract to a gathering of Dutch building organizations for the assessment, structure and development the board of levees and floodwalls, exceptional conclusion structures for insurance of the networks nearby the Inner Harbor Navigation Canal, principal siphoning offices and arranging thinks about for improved dimensions of flood assurance for New Orleans and southern Louisiana (Mittal, 2005).

United States with the help of the US Army Corps of Engineers, has made a $14.45 billion interest in the zone around New Orleans, after the visit of Katrina (Mittal, 2005). A portion of the undertakings include:

• The world’s biggest water siphon station (Gulf Intracoastal Waterway West Closure Complex) which can siphon 1 million US gallons (3,800 m3) every moment and will cost $1 billion.
• Many levee and siphon station upgrades.
• Borgne Surge Barrier at the IHNC Lake, the most extended tempest flood boundary in the United States
• The Seabrook Floodgate, a conduit at the association of Lake Ponchartrain with the Industrial Canal

Moreover, by 5th September 2005, electrical power started to be reestablished to structures in the focal business locale of New Orleans on a need basis. By 8th September Entergy had reestablished 9 of 17 power producing units in the New Orleans region to support (Mittal, 2005). Entergy’s 1000 MW, Waterford and Watson plants, were still out of administration, with the Watson plant expected to require 6– 12 weeks to fix. By the next day, electrical power had been reestablished to 11% of New Orleans clients (Mittal, 2005). Likewise, authorities were arranging to have work start by 12th September for modifying twin ranges I-10 extension to New Orleans. On 6th September 2005, the Port of New Orleans, the biggest U.S. port regarding tonnage took care of, could get and support help ships (Mittal, 2005). It was evaluated that resumption of business shipments would take something like 14 days. By 7th September 2005, safe drinking water was accessible in some West Bank territories, including Algiers and the Jefferson Parish rural areas, and some water weight was accessible in New Orleans for putting out fires (Mittal, 2005). All sewage from the city was streaming untreated into the Mississippi. The Lower Mississippi River was open amid light hours to shallow draft traffic and deep draft vessels under 39 feet (Mittal, 2005). A contractual worker evacuated obstructions in the Southwest Pass, which was limiting profound draft route. The Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport revived on 12th September 2005, to load traffic, with constrained traveler administration expected to continue Tuesday, September 13, 2005 (Mittal, 2005).

On the other hand, the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet was shut to deep draft vessels. The inland part was filling in as an elective course to the GIWW (Gulf Intercourse Waterways) because of the conclusion of the IHNC for shallow draft vessels (Mittal, 2005). Starter overviews showed a controlling profundity of 27 units.

Port Fourchon supported tremendous harm, yet was working to a restricted degree. Depressed vessels were not hindering the channel. Tiger Pass was shoaled to under 6 feet. This channel, approved to 14 feet gives a shorter course to vessels going toward the west from the Mississippi River close to the mouth. It is utilized by angling and supply vessels. Digging was arranged.

The Army Corps of Engineers directed starter reviews for Atchafalaya, Houma, and different channels (Mittal, 2005).

Conclusion

Even though Hurricane Katrina did not bargain the city of New Orleans an immediate hit on August 29, 2005, the related tempest flood encouraged disastrous disappointments of the levees and flood dividers. The Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MRGO) ruptured its levees in roughly 15 places (Kayen, Collins, & Gibbons, 2006). The real levee breaks in the city incorporate the Seventeenth Street Canal levee, the London Avenue Canal, and the vast, safe Industrial Canal, which left around 80% of the city overflowed.

While possession, the meaning of prerequisites, activity, and upkeep of the framework had a place with the Orleans Levee Board, government duty regarding New Orleans’ flood insurance plan and development has a place by bureaucratic order to the US Army Corps of Engineers.

Flooding from the ruptures put most of the city submerged for quite a long time, in numerous spots for a considerable length of time. The Corps made crisis fixes to ruptures, as siphons worked at depleting the city.

References

1. Davis, Rough, Cecchine, Schaefer, Zeman (2007). Hurricane Katrina: Lessons for Army Planning and Operations. Book published by RAND Corporation Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7249/mg603a.11?refreqid=excelsior%3A48973270ed8d7f32c036d6391afd8075&seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents
2. Levitt, Whitaker (2009) Hurricane Katrina America’s Unnatural Disaster, University of Nebraska Press [Online Book] Retrieved from http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ecu/detail.action?docID=452141.
3. Robert Kayen, Brian Collins, and Helen Gibbons (2006). USGS Scientists Investigate New Orleans Levees Broken by Hurricane Katrina. Retrieved from https://soundwaves.usgs.gov/2006/01/
4. CNN. (2008) Hurricane Katrina Statistics Fast Facts. Online Journal Retrieved from https://edition.cnn.com/2013/08/23/us/hurricane-katrina-statistics-fast-facts/index.html
5. Zoroaster, Richard. (2010). Vulnerable Populations: Hurricane Katrina as a Case Study. Prehospital and disaster medicine. 25. 74-8.[Literature Review] Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/43202736_Vulnerable_Populations_Hurricane_Katrina_as_a_Case_Study
6. Miller, A & Jonkman, S.N. & Ledden, Mathijs. (2015). The risk to life due to flooding in post-Katrina New Orleans. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. 15. 10.5194/nhess-15-59-2015. [Ebook]
7. Peter Baker (2007) Building a Durable and Energy Efficient Home in Post-Katrina New Orleans Retrieved from https://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/building_america/building_post_katrina.pdf
8. Jonathan Gale. (2015) Disaster Recovery Case Studies US 2005 Storms: Katrina, Rita, and Wilma [Journal] Retrieved from https://www.jbs.cam.ac.uk/fileadmin/user_upload/research/centres/risk/downloads/crs-case-study-hurricane-katrina
9. Gail Scowcroft, Isaac Ginis, Chris Knowlton, Richard Yablonsky, Holly Morin, Darrell McIntire. (2010-2015) Hurricane Katrina Case Study Retrieved from http://www.hurricanescience.org/history/studies/katrinacase/
10. Stephen E. Flynn (2015) Why Katrina was a Human-Made Disaster, Not a Natural One, Journal Retrieved from https://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/explained-why-katrina-was-human-made-disaster-not-natural-13705
11. Annu Mittal (2005) Army Corps of Engineers Lake Pontchartrain and Vicinity Hurricane Protection Project [Journal] Government Accountability Journal Retrieved from https://www.gao.gov/new.items/d051050t.pdf

Introduction

The Panyee Football Club is a remarkable story of determination and resilience. Founded in 1986 by a group of young boys on the small Thai island of Koh Panyee, the club defied all odds by establishing a successful football team despite the lack of proper facilities and resources. This critical essay explores the significance of the Panyee Football Club and analyzes its impact on the community, the players, and the broader football landscape.

Overcoming Adversity

The Panyee Football Club’s greatest achievement lies in its ability to overcome significant challenges. The club’s founders faced numerous obstacles, including limited space on the island, a lack of professional coaching, and the absence of proper football infrastructure. Despite these hurdles, the boys exhibited a relentless spirit and resourcefulness, creating a floating football pitch by repurposing old fishing boats. Their determination serves as an inspiration to all, highlighting the power of passion and the ability to triumph over adversity.

Empowering the Community

The establishment of the Panyee Football Club brought about a transformative effect on the local community. The club provided a sense of purpose and unity, fostering camaraderie among the island’s youth. Through football, the boys found an avenue to channel their energy, develop their skills, and nurture their talents. The club’s success also brought recognition to the island, attracting visitors and generating tourism revenue, thereby positively impacting the local economy.

Breaking Cultural Barriers

The Panyee Football Club transcended cultural norms and shattered stereotypes. In a predominantly Muslim community where traditional gender roles often limited girls’ involvement in sports, the club encouraged inclusivity. The formation of a girls’ team challenged societal expectations and empowered young girls to pursue their passion for football. The club’s progressive approach sparked conversations about gender equality and challenged prevailing attitudes within the community.

Inspiring Future Generations

The impact of the Panyee Football Club extends beyond its immediate community. The club’s story has gained international recognition through documentaries, news features, and social media platforms. It has become an emblem of determination and resourcefulness, inspiring individuals from diverse backgrounds to pursue their dreams against all odds. The Panyee Football Club serves as a reminder that talent and passion can thrive even in the most challenging circumstances, motivating aspiring athletes worldwide.

Addressing Limitations and Criticisms

While the Panyee Football Club’s achievements are undeniably commendable, it is important to acknowledge certain limitations and criticisms. Some argue that the club’s success may be partially attributed to media attention and external support, raising questions about the sustainability of such initiatives in the absence of long-term resources. Additionally, there are concerns about the potential exploitation of the players and the need for continuous investment in their education and overall well-being.

Conclusion

The Panyee Football Club stands as a testament to the indomitable spirit of individuals who strive for excellence despite limited resources. The club’s impact on the community, its role in breaking cultural barriers, and its ability to inspire others cannot be underestimated. The story of the Panyee Football Club demonstrates the power of sports in transforming lives and igniting aspirations. While acknowledging the limitations and criticisms, the club’s journey remains an inspiring example of what can be achieved when passion, determination, and community support converge.

Identify and justify the strengths and weaknesses of at least 3 Filipino values

Strength:

Family orientation, Filipinos are very popular in terms of family. Because Filipino family includes a big family we’re in one family you have your Lola, grandparents, your mother, your father, and the children, your nieces and nephews, and so on. So a Filipino family has quite a huge family orientation or the sense of family outcomes and a feeling of belongingness and rootedness in a primary sense of security of mail. That you’re part of something that is wherein you host any individual feel inside your home. We Filipinos are recognized for our commitment and responsibility, honor and respect given to our parents and elders, given to the children the generosity towards skin in need, and great sacrifices.

It is the ability to engage with others with respect regardless of the variations of opinion, age, and to, hers. There are certain obligations that a person can do on your personal and they help others needed. Therefore it became also a tool to make things lighter in addition to acquiring a common intention or he advised to use for for society of the Filipino people are very widely known for being helpful and generous.

Joy and humor as the flexible Filipino will modify that tire the consequences of our being happy activities are never overly disturbing or disorienting. As the bendy Filipino modifies to something occurs we possess a tolerance for ambiguity that allows us to remain and fazed through uncertainty or lack of information. We are creative, resourceful, adaptive learning, and capable of improvising and making use of something at hand that will create and produce.

Weaknesses:

Filipinos are impatient and lengthy separate are too effortlessly resigned to one’s fate. There is powerful reliance on others. For example, we tend to only matter about our economic increase or our state of affairs to the government or our leaders to do matters for us associated with or want for a sturdy authority colonial mentality.

Filipinos have an egocentric self-serving attitude which generates a feeling of empty phrases others especially want to have for remaining but now not believe, and a lack of self-evaluation and self-reflection in the face of serious problems. Though, personal and social. There is an inclination in the Filipino to be superficial and even somewhat flighty, joking about the most used things prevents us from searching deeply into the problem. There’s no felt to validate our hypothesis or explanations of things, just to be satisfied with superficial factors and superficial solutions to the problem.

Lack of discipline, The Filipino’s lack of self-discipline encompasses several associated characteristics. We have a casual and cosy mindset closer to the time and space which manifests itself in lack of precision and compulsiveness. In terrible time management and procrastination, we’ve got an aversion to following strictly a set of approaches which outcomes in a lack of standardisation and first-rate control. We are impatient and unable to delay gratification or reward, resulting in the use of shortcuts, skirting the policies or the palace of syndrome, and in full hardiness. We are guilty of being a college board and we start tasks with full vigor and hobby which abruptly tie down leaving matters unfinished. Or lack of self-discipline often results in inefficient and wasteful work systems. The violation of policies foremost to greater indispensable discretions in an informal work ethic fundamental to carelessness and a lack of a look at thought.