Category: Biology

Explain how predators affect the adaptations of their prey. Please give specifc

Explain how predators affect the adaptations of their prey. Please give specifc examples.
Discussion Parameters
Your posts in the discussion area should be substantial original thinking. Each post should be at least one well-developed paragraph (approximately 150 words or more). Use correct spelling, punctuation, and grammar. Always indicate your sources. At least 2 references are required. Include MORE than just the URL; be complete in your citations (use a style). The discussions must be completed by the due dates specified on the syllabus. 

The structure of this writing should be divided into paragraphs, with each parag

The structure of this writing should be divided into paragraphs, with each paragraph addressing a separate question.
– Book Title: How to Tame a Fox (and Build a dog): Visionary Scientists and a Siberian Tale of Jump-Started Evolution
– Authors: Lee Alan Dugatkin, Lyudmila Trut
– Publisher, City, Year of Publication: University of Chicago Press; 1st edition (14 April 2019)
1. Overview: Summarise the book’s main argument and the issues or problems that it addresses. Provide a critical view of the extent to which the book achieves these goals. (500 words max)
2. What does this book teach the reader about animal behaviour (including the behaviour of human animals)? How does it relate to what you have learned in this course? (300 words max)
3. What, if any, impact has this book had since its publication? (150 words max)
4. If you had to recommend this book to somebody, who would it be? Why? (100 words max)
5. Conclusion. Please give this book an overall rating between zero and ten, and a 100-word (maximum) encapsulation of why you gave the book this mark.
• The level of your demonstrated comprehension of the subject matter
• Your demonstration of critical thinking
• The clarity and quality of your writing
• How well you have tailored your review to answering the questions

There are 4 essay questions. Please be sure to complete all of them with thoroug

There are 4 essay questions. Please be sure to complete all of them with thorough substantive responses. This is not an essay report. Number your paper 1-4 and answer each question individually. A reference is required for all answers individually associated with each answer, for a total of four. Inline citations are not necessary. 
Construct a paragraph describing the interrelationship among the microbial pathogen, the affected host, and potential antimicrobial drugs in the development of an appropriate chemotherapeutic treatment.
A critically ill patient enters your emergency room, exhibiting signs and symptoms of severe septic shock. In this case, should you immediately begin treatment with a broad-spectrum drug or a narrow-spectrum drug? Explain your answer and discuss any possible consequences of using either drug in the patient.
Amphotericin B is often referred to as “Amphi-Terrible” in medical settings due to its effects in treated patients. Describe when this drug should be prescribed, and provide a biological reason for its damaging activity on host cells. HAART, or highly active antiretroviral therapy, is currently recommended for the treatment of HIV and involves the administration of three or more medicines at one time. Explain why this combined therapy approach is more effective than single drug treatment in the management of HIV infection, providing current evidence to support your answer.
Antibiotic-resistance genes, as well as other virulence factor genes, are easily passed between bacterial cells through horizontal gene transfer. Conduct additional research on New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1 strains of bacteria, and explain why medical tourism poses a serious threat to the spread of this organism. Provide evidence to support your explanation.

INSTRUCTIONS
In this assignment, You will create an 8-slide PowerPoint on the pr

INSTRUCTIONS
In this assignment, You will create an 8-slide PowerPoint on the processes involved in the production of cellular energy, including cellular respiration OR photosynthesis.
Refer to the attached document for complete instructions and grading rubric.
Please print your slides to a PDF and submit that file so I can access the slides and the speaker notes. To do this, follow the instructions below:
Click File > Print.
Under Settings, click the second box (which defaults to say Full Page Slides), then under Print Layout, click Notes Pages.
Notes Pages prints one slide per page, with speaker notes below. The Preview Pane shows you what each layout option looks like.
Put in the other settings, such as which slides you want, how many copies, and so on.
Click Print. This is only to print to a PDF, not a physical copy of the document.
If you’re using a Mac and not a PC, follow these steps:
Open the PowerPoint presentation.
Click on “File” and then select “Download a Copy” to save the file directly to my computer.
This will open the file in the Keynote application provided by Apple.
In Keynote, click on “File,” then “Export to,” and choose “PDF.”
Ensure to check the box labeled “Include speaker notes” before clicking “Save.”
If this doesn’t work for you, you could also save it as a PDF instead of a PPT file.

Step 2 the 400 word essay is due first on 7/14/24. Then I would like the same pe

Step 2 the 400 word essay is due first on 7/14/24. Then I would like the same person to finish the whole project 

Essay title- To what extent does a vegetarian diet impact the athletic performan

Essay title- To what extent does a vegetarian diet impact the athletic performance of
footballers?
Written on microsoft word 
Sources written in bibliography using 
harvard method 
Need short introduction, abstract, conclusion 
Use of real-life players who are vege

Vaccines are an interesting subject these days especially in the world of emergi

Vaccines are an interesting subject these days especially in the world of emerging disease.  Yet, microbiologists like Jenner, Salk, and Sabin are recognized for their work in smallpox and polio vaccines that have saved countless numbers of lives.  Vaccines like MMR have changed the world.  Then we have vaccines for chicken pox and HPV – effective and safe while their impacts are still being determined.  
I have to admit that vaccines are not 100% effective and there are people who, despite repeated vaccination, will never raise antibodies to a disease. Vaccines with as low as 51% efficacy have been FDA approved .  I will admit there are side effects of varying severity that we see in  1 in 1,000,000 or 1 in 250,000 people from mild to wild.  And through your reading, you know some are made from ancient cell lines, some are made in chicken eggs, and some are recombinant DNA technology (HEP B Vaccine was the first).   
What do you think about vaccines? Why do you think there is a “stigma” around them?  Do you think vaccines meet the “benefit vs risk” criterion when they are marketed or are made mandatory?  What are the social implications of vaccines? 

Lab 9: Evolution and Natural Selection: The instructions is in the attachment(qu

Lab 9: Evolution and Natural Selection: The instructions is in the attachment(questions/ answer). Please do not use the following animals: leopard or polar bear. Thank you.

Procedure I – DNA Fragment Size
In the table below indicate which sample contain

Procedure I – DNA Fragment Size
In the table below indicate which sample contains the smallest DNA fragment and which sample contains the largest DNA fragment. Note: Sample 1 is in Lane 1 of the gel, etc.
Lane
1
Fragment
Lane
2
Fragment
Lane
3
Fragment
Lane
4
Fragment
Lane
5
Fragment
Observations and Questions
[1] [a] What is the composition of DNA? [b] How are DNA fragments created?
Answers:
[a]
[b]
[2] Using the lane numbers on the electrophoresis instrument, list the samples from smallest DNA fragment to largest DNA fragment.
Answer: 
Smallest ______   ______   ______   ______   ______ Largest
[3] [a] How does gel electrophoresis cause DNA to move downward on the gel? 
[b] What accounts for the different final locations of the different size DNA fragments? That is, why do different sized DNA fragments end at different locations on the electrophoresis instrument? 
Answers:
[a]
[b]
Procedure II – Crime Scene DNA
In the table below indicate the number of DNA fragments each sample has in common with the crime scene sample (Lane 2). Note: Sample 1 is in Lane 1 of the gel, etc.
Tip: It is helpful to use a ruler when attempting to match up DNA fragments in the gel. A bank/ATM/credit card works well too.
Lane
1
Student
Lane
2
Crime Scene
Lane
3
Suspect
Lane
4
Suspect
Lane
5
Suspect
6
Observations and Questions
[4] Does the crime scene sample contain bands in common with the student? Explain why or why not.
Answer: 
[5] Which suspect (if any) CANNOT be excluded from suspicion? Explain your answer.
Answer: 
Procedure III – Paternity Case
In the table below indicate the number of DNA fragments each sample has in common with the child/calf sample (Lane 2). Note: Sample 1 is in Lane 1 of the gel, etc.
Tip: It is helpful to use a ruler when attempting to match up DNA fragments in the gel. A bank/ATM/credit card works well too.
Lane
1
Mother
Lane
2
Calf
Lane
3
Male
Lane
4
Male
Lane
5
Male
6
Observations and Questions
[6] Which sample is from the father of the calf? Explain your answer.
Answer:
[7] How many bands does the calf have in common with its mother? How many bands does the calf have in common with its father? Propose a plausible explanation for the number of bands from each parent.
Answer:
[8] After adding the probe and filter, what additional information have you learned about the genotype of the calf?
Answer:
[9] Given that the probe pairs with a specific DNA strand in the matrix, what can you conclude about the nucleotide sequence of the Baby’s DNA fragment that pairs with the probe sequence? 
Answer:
[10] Discuss reasons that it might be useful to find out whether a newborn carries a specific gene or allele.
Answer:
Procedure IV – Species DNA Comparison
Observations and Questions
[11] In your own words, explain why it is necessary to include only one chain-terminating/synthesis-terminating nucleotide in each well of the electrophoresis instrument.
Answer:
[12] Determine the DNA sequence by analyzing the location of each nucleotide across the four lanes of the electrophoresis instrument. Provide the DNA sequence as your answer here.
Important: remember that your sequence starts from the shortest fragment!
Answer:
[13] What is the significance of finding that DNA sequences are highly similar for two different species?
Answer:
[14] Below, align the newly determined DNA sequence for the unknown species with the sequences of the three known plant species (see data under the Activity Form tab). Next, compute the percent alignment of the bases for the three comparisons.
Show the alignment and percent alignment calculation for Plant 1. Highlight the Plant 1 differences in yellow.
Plant 1:          TCAGCGTGACTAACTG (data from the Activity Form tab)
Unknown:      
Calculation (% similarity): 
Show the alignment and percent alignment calculation for Plant 2. Highlight the Plant 2 differences in yellow.
Plant 2:          TCATCGTCGCTAACGT (data from the Activity Form tab)
Unknown:      
Calculation (% similarity): 
Show the alignment and percent alignment calculation for Plant 3. Highlight the Plant 3 differences in yellow.
Plant 3:          TGATCGACGCTAACGA (data from the Activity Form tab)
Unknown:      
Calculation (% similarity): 
Which known species has a genotype that is most similar to that of the unknown plant?
Answer:
[15] A biologist at World University used Procedure IV to conduct an additional study and found the sequence following below. Using your knowledge of central dogma generate the amino acid (AA) sequence that results from this sequence.
Given DNA sequence: CAC GAC GGA TTC GTA
Answer: 
–       DNA sequence:     CAC GAC GGA TTC GTA
–       mRNA sequence:  
–       AA Sequence:        

Discovery of Virus
In 1884, Charles Chamberland found out that the agent respons

Discovery of Virus
In 1884, Charles Chamberland found out that the agent responsible for rabies passes through the porcelain filter.
In those times, any agent which caused disease was termed as virus. The term filterable and non-filterable virus was used then.
In 1892, Ivanowski discovered that the agent responsible for Tobacco mosaic disease does not pass through the filter and bacteria free filtrate still caused the disease.
After that, it was discovered that filtrate caused many diseases.
In 1935, Stanley purified filterable agents and was successful in crystallizing tobacco mosaic virus and found out that they contained only proteins and nucleic acid.
This led to the discovery of viruses.
Structure of Virus
Virion
Infectious part consists of the genome and capsid.
Genome
Nucleic acid. either DNA or RNA. Forms central core
Capsid
Protein coat. made of protein subunits called capsomeres. Adenovirus has 252 capsomeres while heroes virus has 162 capsomeres.
Envelop
Sometimes. the nucleocapsid is covered bv another membrane derived from the host cell. called envelope.
Virus is non-living outside the body of the host but once it enters the host body it starts reproducing using the host machinery.