The body consists of many different types of tissue, defined as cells that act w
The body consists of many different types of tissue, defined as cells that act with a specialised function. The study of tissues is called histology and often occurs with a microscope. The body consists of four main types of tissues. These are lining cells (epithelia), connective tissue, nerve tissue and muscle tissue
Academic essay in the field of neuroscience. It is essential that there is criti
Academic essay in the field of neuroscience. It is essential that there is critical evaluation of research studies rather than only a descriiptive summary (quality over quantity). Ideally per paragraph you can pick 1-2 studies of the ones you have referenced and explain/ evaluate them in more detail
Please roughly use the following suggested structure and scope:
– Introduction (~150 words), incl what schizophrenia is, its prevalence and significance in neuroscience/ psychology, then essay objective, thesis statement and and essay outline
– Background (~150 words): definition and symptoms of schizophrenia, incl. main symptoms and diagnostic criteria, and prevalence. Highlight what we know today about its roots (i.e. that it is not clearly just gene OR environment, but a complex interplay, although we know it is highly heritable)
– Genetic factors (~400 words): summary of genetic research findings, heritability estimates e.g. from twin/ family studies; specific genes and mutations, the role of mutations, and copy number variations; interaction of multiple genes i.e. polygenic nature and how multiple genes might interact to increase risk
– Environmental factors (~400 words): descriiption of envrionmental factors that have been associated with increased risk e.g. prenatal exposure to infection, urbanicity, cannabis, adverse trauma events in childhood, etc.; mechanisms of impact and how they interact with brain development and function; you could introduce the stress-diathesis model at this point
– Interaction between genes and environment (~250 words): concept of GxE, how can genetic susceptibility and environmental factors interact; role of epigenetics (e.g. DNA methylation)
– Critical evaluation (~300 words): strengths and limitations of current research critically evaluated, challenges in disentangling the effects of G and E; implications for treatment and prevention, future research directions
Conclusion (~150 words): summary of key findings and arguments/ theses presented, emphasizing complexity of topic; final thoughts, outlook
Ideally please include genome-wide-association studies (GWAS) and genetic gene-environment interaction studies.
Please do not exceed 1,500 words
Step 1: Innovations in Biology and Technology
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Step 1: Innovations in Biology and Technology
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Instructions
Step 1: Innovations in Biology and Technology – Finding Information Sources and Outline
Choose one of the provided topics (see list below, a-e).
Review Is My Source Credible? from the UMGC library.
Search the library and/or the internet to locate 3 credible information sources that you may use for this assignment. The purpose of this step is to get the research process started; you are not required to use these information sources in the final version of your assignment.
Write 1-2 sentences for each information source explaining why you believe these sources are credible using what you learned from the UMGC library article.
Include references to the 3 information sources in APA format: APA 7th Edition Citation Examples: General Rules.
Create an outline for the writing assignment. The outline should be in a bullet list format and include the major topics that you plan to include in your assignment, with some supportive detail for each topic. It should not be a draft with full sentences and paragraphs. Here are two resources that may be helpful as you write your outline:
UMGC (2020) Outlining What You Will Write.
UMGC (2020) Prewriting and Outlining.
Please review the grading rubric, and ask your professor if you have questions about this assignment.
Topic Choices:
Select one of the following 5 topics for your assignment. All the questions for the chosen topic should be addressed in your assignment.
a) Vaccines. Your friend is worried about the many vaccines that his newborn son is scheduled to receive and asks you for advice since you are taking a biology course. Research and address the following questions in your paper.
Briefly explain how the human immune system works.
Explain how vaccines work.
Contrast the traditional methods used to create vaccines with more recently used biotechnology techniques, including the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Explain how the mRNA vaccines work based on your knowledge of the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology.
How have vaccinations impacted the frequency of these diseases over the past 100 years? Include a few specific statistics.
What are some of the diseases that infants and children in the US are routinely vaccinated against?
Why are some people worried about giving their children vaccines?
Specifically, why do some people believe that the MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccine can cause autism? Is there scientific evidence to support these concerns? Cite the original peer-reviewed scholarly research paper that started this concern and discuss its validity.
Conclude with advice to your friend regarding getting the recommended vaccines based on what you learned from reliable information sources.
b) Personal Genomics. Services like 23andMe and Ancestry have made it possible – even popular – for the average person to obtain in-depth information about their genome, including details like food allergies, drug sensitivities, and disease risks. There are even add-on sites that will take this information and generate elaborate reports, such as Promethease.
Research and address the following questions in your paper.
Describe how an individual’s DNA is collected and analyzed, and what the results provided to the consumer include. Include a brief description of the structure and function of DNA, including how genes control our traits, using what you have learned about the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology). Use information from the course readings, at least one service provider (e.g., 23&Me, Ancestry), and additional information resources.
What are some of the advantages of this easy, rapid, and relatively affordable access to genomic data?
What are some of the risks and concerns? Specifically, what are some concerns associated with Genome Privacy?
If you, or someone you know, have had your DNA analyzed, discuss the thought process that led you (or them) to do so, and share how you (or they) felt when the results were received. If you haven’t, discuss the reasons why you have not (yet) done this.
c) Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) is a recent breakthrough discovery in bioengineering that enables scientists to edit DNA. Because you have studied biology in this course, you have volunteered at your niece’s High School Science Club to monitor a student debate about CRISPR. The students will be watching this Genome Editing with CRISPR-Cas9 video before the debate. You need to watch the video to be prepared in case there are any questions, and incorporate something you learned from this video into your paper.
Research and address each of the following questions in your paper:
What is Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)? How does it work and what can it be used for?
What role does Cas9 play in the CRISPR process? How does the CRISPR-Cas9 system snip and replace DNA sequences?
As you explain CRISPR, incorporate some information from the Genome Editing video above, with an in-text citation.
What are the potential benefits and concerns associated with gene editing? Include specific examples.
Do you believe that the inherent risks of modifying DNA are worth the rewards? Include specific examples.
Do you believe that it is ethical to genetically engineer animals and humans? Explain.
d) Bioprinting. Your father has been on a waitlist for a new kidney for several years, but no match has been found. You hear about bioprinting on the news and decide to do some research so you can tell him about it. Research and address the following questions in your paper:
What is bioprinting and how does the process work? Describe how bioprinting can form complex biomaterials, relating it to what you have learned about cells, tissues, and organs from the course readings.
What are stem cells and how can they be used for bioprinting?
What is bioink and how is it used for bioprinting?
Include at least two specific examples of current research in this field. Include references to peer-reviewed scholarly papers.
What are some of the benefits of bioprinting?
What are the current challenges with bioprinting?
Conclude with predictions for the future. Do you believe that your father could benefit from this technology in his lifetime? Briefly explain your reasoning.
e) Human-caused global climate change is the biggest environmental challenge we are faced with today. Your aunt is a climate skeptic and you have decided to use your understanding of science to explain to her why the earth’s climate is changing, describe the major biological effects of climate change, and discuss how technology can be a solution to this problem.
Briefly describe the greenhouse effect and how carbon dioxide is a natural part of the carbon cycle.
How is the use of fossil fuels disrupting the carbon cycle and enhancing the greenhouse effect? You may want to look ahead to the Week 7 readings for this information.
What are the major ecological effects associated with climate change? Describe at least two specific examples.
What are the human health concerns associated with climate change? Describe at least two specific examples.
And finally, what can we do to reduce our impact on the climate through technological innovation? Include a description of at least two technological solutions.
Due on Feb 6, 2024 11:59 PM
Available until Feb 6, 2024 11:59 PM. Access restricted after availability ends.
Instructions:
Please answer the questions interspersed below, found under the Ac
Instructions:
Please answer the questions interspersed below, found under the Activities headings, in a Word document. If you need to add pictures, graphs, etc., go ahead and add them directly into the Word document that you upload. Your answers need to be in your own words.
For this lab, there are some perishable items that you will be providing outside of your lab kit. Most everything you might have on hand or can be purchased cheaply at your nearest convenience store or dollar store. If you are having trouble finding items, message me, and I will help you find some alternatives.
The following video will help you get set up for the lab. Please watch this first.
Objectives:
Explain the importance of the four macromolecules of life: carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins.
Detect carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids in various foods.
Introduction:
The food we eat is packed full of nutrients, and those nutrients come in the form of molecules. Molecules can be either organic or inorganic. Organic molecules typically come from living organisms and contain the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) together, like glucose (C6H12O6) and methane (CH4). Inorganic molecules lack carbon and hydrogen together, like water (H2O) or oxygen gas (O2).
The big molecules that are found in all life are called macromolecules–proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids are macromolecules. Macromolecules are polymers or long chains of repeating organic subunits called monomers. Proteins have many different functions in an organism, including physical structures, muscle contractions, and chemical reactions. Carbohydrates and lipids are used for energy storage. Nucleic acids are molecules that store genetic information and can provide energy for cellular reactions.
Use the table below to record your results for Activities 1-3.
Table 2.1 Results of Macromolecule Tests
Food Sample Simple Sugar Results (+/-) Simple Sugar Test Changes Observed (Color Change) Complex Sugar Results (+/-) Complex Sugar Test Changes Observed Protein Results (+/-) Protein Test Changes Observed (Color Change) Lipid Results Lipid Test Changed Observed
Water
Glucose Solution
Starch Solution
Albumin Solution
Vegetable/ Olive Oil
Milk
Broth
Fruit Juice
Flour
Soda
Diet soda
Activity 1: Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are commonly referred to as sugars and are built from repeating units known as monosaccharides. Glucose is a monosaccharide that is used by cells as a quick form of energy. It can be linked together repeatedly to form polymers, longer chains of polysaccharides that can be used to store energy and provide structural support.
In this activity, you will be testing different foods for the presence of carbohydrates. To test for simple sugars, we use Benedict’s reagent. The reagent is blue, but in the presence of monosaccharides and disaccharides, it can change to green, yellow, orange, or red, depending on how much sugar is present. Green and yellow represent less sugar, while orange and red represent more sugar.
To test for complex sugars, we use iodine. The reagent itself is an amber color, but in the presence of starch, it will turn dark blue to black.
Materials:
Food samples: milk, chicken broth, fruit juice, flour, soda, and diet soda
Deionized water (distilled water) – negative control
Glucose solution – positive control
8 Test tubes and rack
Droppers/Pipettes (it is important to label these for each reagent, food item, etc., and not use for more than one item without thoroughly washing between)
Benedict’s reagent
Beaker (or glass cup that your test tubes will fit into)
Hot water
You will use the beaker to warm up water in the microwave to get it to hot but not yet boiling, around 1-2 minutes.
Remember to prepare the solutions, i.e., Glucose solution. You will be combing the powdered glucose in your glucose packet with 5mL of water measured from your graduated cylinder. Just pour the water directly into the bag and mix it together. For the flour use 1/2 teaspoon to 5mL of water.
Answer the following questions:
Activity 1A
Procedure:
Label the 8 test tubes near the top for each of the food samples (found in your table above), the positive control, and the negative control. Place the test tubes into the rack.
Add 0.25mL of Benedict’s to each test tube, using a graduated pipette to transfer.
Add 0.5mL of distilled water to the proper test tube, again using a graduated pipette.
Add 0.5mL of glucose solution to the proper test tube using a graduated pipette.
Add 0.5mL of milk to the proper test tube using a graduated pipette. Repeat for each food sample in the appropriate tubes, one food sample per tube.
Microwave a beaker of about 30mL tap water for 1-2 minutes. (You just need enough water to cover the solutions in the test tubes without the water getting into the test tube itself.) Place the tubes in the water while it is still hot and let them sit for 2 minutes.
Record the colors of each test tube after boiling and determine if sugars are present in the table above. Take a picture of your tubes and add that to your document.
Materials:
Food samples: milk, chicken broth, fruit juice, flour, soda, and diet soda
Deionized water (distilled water) – negative control
Starch solution – positive control
8 Test tubes and rack
Droppers/Pipettes (it is important to label these for each reagent, food item, etc., and not use for more than one item without thoroughly washing between)
Iodine
Answer the following questions:
Activity 1B
Procedure:
Label the 8 test tubes near the top for each of the food samples, the positive control, and the negative control.
Add 2mL of distilled water to the proper test tube.
Add 2mL of starch solution to the proper test tube.
Add 2mL of milk to the proper test tube. Repeat for each food sample in the appropriate tubes, one food sample per tube.
Using a pipette, add 3 drops of iodine to each tube.
Record the colors of each test tube immediately in your table and determine if starch is present. Take a picture of your tubes and add that to your document.
Activity 2: Proteins
Proteins have the most diverse functions in a cell. They can have structural roles like collagen in the skin, chemical roles like enzymes that speed up chemical reactions, and transport roles like in the cell membrane, to name a few. The monomers of proteins are amino acids, and they are bonded together to make the polymer or protein.
To test for proteins, we use Biuret reagent. The reagent is blue, but in the presence of protein, it turns purple.
Materials:
Food samples: milk, chicken broth, fruit juice, flour, soda, and diet soda
Deionized water (distilled water) – negative control
Albumin solution – positive control
8 Test tubes and rack
Droppers/Pipettes (it is important to label these for each reagent, food item, etc., and not use for more than one item without thoroughly washing between)
Biuret
Answer the following questions:
Activity 2
Procedure:
Label the 8 test tubes near the top for each of the food samples, the positive control, and the negative control.
Add 0.25mL of Biuret to each test tube.
Add 0.5mL of distilled water to the proper test tube.
Add 0.5mL of albumin solution to the proper test tube.
Add 0.5mL of milk to the proper test tube. Repeat for each food sample in the appropriate tubes, one food sample per tube.
Record the colors of each test tube immediately in your table and determine if the protein is present. Take a picture of your tubes and add that to your document.
Activity 3: Lipids
Lipids are often referred to as fats in the non-science world. Fats are known for their hydrophobic nature, or ability to repel water. In the body, lipids play many roles in the body like form membranes like phospholipids, store energy like fatty acids, and act as chemical messages like steroids. Fatty acids can be referred to as saturated, when they are composed of single covalent bonds between the atoms, or unsaturated when they are composed of at least a few double covalent bonds.
To test for lipids, we will be adding drops of the food substances onto a paper towel, then we will examine the spots for whether or not they appear shiny or whether or not they dry.
Materials:
Paper towel
Pipette
Food samples: milk, chicken broth, fruit juice, flour, soda, and diet soda
Deionized water (distilled water) – negative control
Vegetable or Olive oil – positive control
Answer the following questions:
Activity 3
Procedure:
Draw 8 circles on your paper towel and label them for each food substance, the positive control, and the negative control.
Use a clean pipette to add a drop of water to the paper towel in the proper circle.
Use a clean pipette to add a drop of vegetable or olive oil to the paper towel in the proper circle.
Use a clean pipette to add a drop of milk to the paper towel in the proper circle. Repeat for each food sample in the appropriate circles, one food sample per circle.
Record the appearance of each substance in your table and determine if lipid is present. Compare each item in appearance to your positive control to determine if lipids are present. Take a picture of your paper towel and add that to your document.
Write a lab report about Fermentation. I have attached the procedure, a data fro
Write a lab report about Fermentation. I have attached the procedure, a data from the lab and an example. Please follow the Lab Report Instructions that I attached also to you. Do Three graphs based on Fermentation data between the CO2 produced and time. Required: Aerospace ApplicationFind an article (and cite your source) that has applied or is currently applying fermentation in an Aerospace setting and discuss within your Conclusion section.
Write your answers (red or other color)
Introduction to Biology
Themes in the S
Write your answers (red or other color)
Introduction to Biology
Themes in the Study of Life
Define Evolution:
Define Biology:
Properties of Life
List and describe the properties of life:
Biological Hierarchy
List the order of the biological hierarchy from most inclusive to least inclusive:
Organisms Interact with their Environment
Describe how energy and chemicals cycles through the environment, including the role of
producers and consumers:
How is structure related to function? Name two examples:
What is the difference between a system and a model?
Scientific Method
List the steps to the scientific Method starting with an observation:
A hypothesis must be_______________ and _______________ to start an experiment.
What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?
What is the difference between a theory and a hypothesis?
What is the difference between a theory and a fact?
Using the moth on the tree example from your lecture, come up with a question, hypothesis and
experimental design:
What are the controls?
What are the variables?
a tutor stood me up !! He didn’t make a reference page please someone do a refer
a tutor stood me up !! He didn’t make a reference page please someone do a reference page but don’t cheat !! Helppp I will tipppppp
1.)You have a sample of a population where you know that the percentage of the h
1.)You have a sample of a population where you know that the percentage of the homozygous recessive genotype (aa) is 24%. Using that 24%, calculate the following:
A. The frequency of the “aa” genotype.
B. The frequency of the “a” allele.
C. The frequency of the “A” allele.
D. The frequencies of the genotypes “AA” and “Aa.”
2.)A rather large population of Biology instructors have 393 red-sided individuals and 557 tan-sided individuals. Assume that red is totally recessive. Please calculate the following:
A. The allele frequencies of each allele.
B. The expected genotype frequencies.
C. The number of heterozygous individuals that you would predict to be in this population.
3.)Cystic fibrosis is a recessive condition that affects about 1 in 2,000 babies in the Caucasian population of the United States. Please calculate the following.
A. The frequency of the recessive allele in the population.
B. The frequency of the dominant allele in the population.
C. The percentage of heterozygous individuals (carriers) in the population.
4.)Within Guinea pigs some produce a rosette (swirling) coat which is controlled by the dominant allele “R” and the recessive allele “r” controls the smooth coat. If there is a population of 750 guinea pigs and 150 have a smooth coat estimate the allele frequencies of this group of guinea pigs.
5.)In certain African countries 4% of the newborn babies have sickle-cell anemia, which is a recessive trait. Out of a random population of 2,000 newborn babies, how many babies would you expect for each of the three possible genotypes
6.)In Eastern Pennsylvania many Amish communities thrive. The syndrome known as Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (a form of dwarfism) is prevalent among the Amish. Symptoms include short stature and polydactyly (extra fingers and toes on limbs). The Amish population stem from a small number of German immigrants who settled there. They tend to marry within the group. Consider whether this is an example of the founder effect or bottleneck effect.
you can either read it or re do the whole case study a tutor did the one that’s
you can either read it or re do the whole case study a tutor did the one that’s attached for me but he didn’t put resources and it’s due tonight ??♀️??♀️ please don’t plagerize
Explain to me the nature of plasticity at the level of intersection between thes
Explain to me the nature of plasticity at the level of intersection between these two sensory modalities and how technology can impact attention. Use what you learned from our data sets. I’ve provided answers from other students as examples of what my answer should look like.