Category: Biography

Electromagnetism is used in today’s world with MRI machines, speakers and many different electronics we love. Michael Faraday was an amazing British chemist and physicist, during his early life he was a delivery boy, later in life he founded electromagnetism, and in his older age he was offered a presidential job at the Royal Institution of Great Britain.

Michael Faraday was born on September 22, 1791, in South London, or what was a small village Newington Surrey. His father was a blacksmith who came from North England in 1791, and his mother was a servant who had become free through marriage. Faraday was the third child of four. He only received the basic forms of education until he was fourteen. After school he was apprenticed to be a book binder until he was twenty-one, where he educated himself to become one of the greatest chemists, and physicist.

Faraday went to many different lectures; he went to 4 different lectures given by Humphry Davy, all describing acidity. Sir Humphry Davy was one of the most famous scientists of his time. Faraday took notes of the lecture that contained 300 pages that he sent to Davy. This led Faraday to be even more interested in being a chemist, he went home and started to do his own experiments. At this time Faraday had begun more sophisticated experiments at the back of the work bookshop, building an electric battery using copper coins and zinc discs separated by moist salty paper.

In 1813, Michael Faraday received a job at the Royal Institution of Great Britain. He was paid well and had a room in the Royal Institution’s attic he had his first job being a chemical assistant, he prepared the apparatus for experiments and lectures. In 1821, Faraday discovered electromagnetic rotation, which opened up many doors in the world of electricity. Eventually it would develop into the electric motor. In 1825, he was promoted to the director of laboratory, also in the same year he had a major discovery of benzene. In 1834, Faraday was one of the major founders of the laws of electrolysis. Faraday also discovered the Faraday cage which didn’t allow electricity to get inside of a metal cage using different types of metal. One of Faraday’s discoveries was the Faraday effect, this effect linked electromagnetism to light. Faraday discovered that all substances are diamagnetic – most are weakly so, some are strongly so. Faraday discovered diamagnetism as a property of all matter in 1845.

Later on, in Michael Faraday’s life he was offered the presidency of the Royal Society, but declined on both occasions. He publicly stated several times that he would not accept a knighthood, but no evidence has been found that he was ever offered one. He was offered to be buried in the Westminster Abbey with Britain’s kings and kings and queens. He denied this offer and was buried next to his wife Sarah in London’s Highgate Cemetery.

In the 1840’s, Faraday’s health began to go down and he started to do less research. He died on August 25, 1867 at Hampton Court.

Sinclair Lewis lived a life pack filled with bizarre experiences from moving all around the country to winning the Nobel Prize in 1930. Sinclair in general had a difficult and unique childhood. Growing up Sinclair had a hard time fitting in and reaching the expectations of his older brothers. Lewis would turn all his time and energy into reading and writing. Although things didn’t always come easy to him, he took his talent and ran with it and just like that he is one of the most praised authors in the 1900s.

Harry Sinclair Lewis was born in Sauk Center, Wisconsin, on February 7th, 1885. Lewis’s parents were Edwin J. and Emma Kermott Lewis. Sinclair was born the youngest of three sons. He lived through a transitional period in Midwestern life. In 1891 his mother, Emma, passed away of tuberculosis. Lewis’s father remarried to Isabel Warner about a year after Sinclair’s mother passed away in 1891. He saw Isabel as biologically his mother. Isabel treated Sinclair with pity and apprehensive. Harry cared nothing for sports, was not popular in school, and received little praise from his father. Claude, Sinclair’s older brother’s success help expectations to Sinclair, causing an effect on his educational goals. Growing up he was just Claude Lewis’s red-headed, kid brother. Lewis grew up with a struggling self-esteem. He hoped to be a ‘regular guy’, but he was just not a normal person. He discovered comfort in reading, and started to write normally in journals which he owned during his life. Lewis considered himself to be the ‘product of the pioneer forests and wheat fields of Minnesota’. Lewis traveled to Europe alone and met Dorothy Thompson. Soon after he granted for a split up from his first wife ,Grace, in 1928. Lewis had a son, Wells, born in 1917 but that didn’t stop him from traveling about the United States.

Harvard was Sinclair’s initial option, however his father hoped he’d go to the University of Minnesota, it appears to obtain his father who shaped the last choice in support of Yale. Lewis was attending a school in Connecticut at an attempt to leave behind his life back at home. In preparation for university, he spent some months, beginning in September 1902, at Oberlin Academy in Ohio. Especially to some extremely needing areas of the world like Africa, he had hoped to become a missionary. It is said that at the university Lewis was universally known as ‘Red’, partly because of his hair and partly because of his radical opinions. He thought of it as boring when he went back to his home town, Sauk Center, in 1905 during the summer.

Sinclair traveled to Liverpool taking off in Portland Maine, after he got a job for a short period as a server in a Harvard restaurant. His journey to Liverpool included eleven days of living in a dirty environment, consuming unsavory food, plus achieving back bursting jobs on a moving boat. In New York he found employment with the Joint Application Bureau of the Charity Organization Society and the Association for the improvement of the condition of the poor. With an income of twenty dollars weekly, Sinclair started as a junior editor for Adventure Magazine around October 1912. During his two-year period with Stokes, he was moved into publicity work, which he entered with much more zest than the comment above would have led us to anticipate.

In the beginning of his career as an author, Lewiss’s make up stories were mediocre. It was faint and funny, barely done diving inside the gloomy areas of limited America. His one clear ambition was to write: he kept submitting contributions to the Yale Literacy Magazine and the Courant, and in March, 1904, he became the first member of his class to have something published. The book that is dedicated to his wife, Grace, was actually at Lewis’s second book. In August 1912, Stokes had published an adventure story for boys, ‘Hike and the Aeroplane’, written by Lewis under the pseudonym Tom Graham. He wrote five novels between 1914 and 1919. ‘Main Street’ (1920), Lewis’s first mature novel, caused great controversy. At age forty – six he was the author of twelve published novels and would write ten more in the final twenty years of his life. For a time, he became in the enamored of the stage, and even tried acting himself during the late 1930’s and 1940’s. In 1930, he was awarded the Nobel prize in literature, and his acceptance speech was a benchmark in the history of American literature. Lewis found the Noble prize as more of a burden than an inspiration. Sinclair continued writing novels after he received the prize. After Sinclair won the prize, it turned him into the first American to be so respected in 1930. In the prosperous decorate of the 1920s, Lewis portrayed the energy, the comedy and the pathos of American commercial culture. Lewis observed big conflicts rising in the close time to come after he witnessed the improved earth of the 1920s transform the United States. Sinclair’s work flourished in the 1920s in an era called the Jazz Age. He leaned strongly and mindful study prior to printing every book, and has talent to copy so precisely the location, dialogue, and good form he addressed about he has caused several of commenters to refer to him as consummate mimic. Actually, what he called his ‘research’ made it necessary that he live like a field scientist. When checking out his books it is a crucial aspect to acknowledge the period when he created his four most honored books.

Sinclair Lewis can certainly be seen as a critic of the area in which he wrote his best novels, but he was no reformer: he does not suggest solutions. He published for a huge crowd and normally disapproving group principles and morality. His work was received as a new assertion of the raw reality. Lewis’ critical faulty was compared to that of Thomas Paine and Mark Twain. He is a satirist, somewhat sarcastic and tone even when he’s drawing the portrait of a character to be admired by the reader. Lewis was the writer of some of the most effective mass – market criticism against the business corruption of society. At the heart of all money making. He suggested there was an emptiness. Critics found that such novels as ‘Ann Vickers’ lacked Lewis’s trademark satire. His characterizations softened and became sentimentalized. No American writer before Lewis had commented on such a wide range of American types and institutions in such a precise, entertaining, and shrewd style. Sinclair had a broad complicated and mindful effect on the field universe of his period.

Unfortunately, his writing career came to an end on January 10, 1951, at age 65, Lewis passed away in an Italian hospital surrounded by strangers.

In general, Harry Sinclair Lewis lived a life that will leave a permanent footprint in America’s literature history. Thanks to great talented authors like him that helped form not only literature history but Americas history. He accomplished more in his lifetime than one would in five lifetimes. Although Lewis has passed, his work and talent will forever be respected and honored.

Bibliography

1. “Commentary on Sinclair Lewis”. World War I and the Jazz age. Primary Source Media, 1999, American journey. Gale in context: High school, https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/EJ2164000497/SUIC?u=mnkwshs&sid=SUIC&xid=b55b9902 (Accessed 24 January, 2020).
2. D.J. Dooley. The Art of Sinclair Lewis. University of Nebraska Press, 1967, Lincoln.
3. Edythe M. McGovern, “Sinclair Lewis”. Magill’s Survey of American Literature. Edited by Frank N. Magil, Hawthorne – Laurie volume 3, Marshall Cavendish Corporation, 1991, North Bellmore , New York.
4. “Sinclair Lewis”. Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History. Edited by Thomas Carson and Mary Bonk, Gale, 1999. Gale in context: Highschool, https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1667000120/SUIC?u=mnkwshs&sid=SUIC&xid=9ec98b18 (Accesssed 24 January, 2020).
5. “Lewis, Sinclair (Harry Sinclair Lewis)(1885-1951)”. Encyclopedia of American Literature. Carl Rollyson. The Modern And Postmodern period from 1915, volume III, Facts on File, Inc. 2002, New York, NY.

On the 22nd of January 2008, an A-list actor would be found lying dead, on the floor of his hotel room. A few months later, with the release of his most recent movie, he would be named one of the most captivating actors of this era. This is the story of how a young Perth boy would rise to the top of the acting world.

Childhood

Heathcliff Andrew Ledger, born 4th April 1978, lived his childhood in Perth. His father, Kim Ledger, was an engineer and race car driver, while his mother, Sally Ledger, was a French teacher. He had a sister, Kate, who was an actress and whom he would look up to during his youth. Apart from his parents’ divorce when he was eleven, he experienced a fulfilling childhood. During his high school years at Guilford Grammar School, Heath had his first acting experience. Inspired by his sister, whom he was very close with, and Gene Kelly, who later inspired his successful choreography, he starred in a school production as Peter Pan, at the age of thirteen. After various other acts during his teenage years, Heath decided to pursue his acting career seriously. He sat early graduation exams at age seventeen, then left school. With Trevor DiCarlo, a childhood friend, Ledger drove from Perth, all the way to the other side of the continent, ending up in Sydney.

Early Career

Heath’s first television debut was a small role in ‘Clowning Around’ (1992) a two-part television series. His first, big casting would have to be when he played Scott Irwin, in one of Australia’s most popular shows, ‘Home and Away’ (1997). Heath, then continued to have his feature film debut, starring in ‘Blackrock’ (1997). His massive, Hollywood breakout would have to be when he played Patrick Verona in the film ‘10 Things I Hate About You’ (1999).

Starting from 2000, Heath started landing roles for big budget movies at least once a year. To name a few, he acted in ‘Patriot’ (2000), where he co-stared with Mel Gibson, ‘A Knight’s Tale’ (2001), an ‘experimental’ film which earned more than double its budget of 40 million dollars and ‘Brokeback Mountain’ (2005), a film that landed Heath Golden Globe nominations for Best Actor in a Drama and an Academy Award for Best Actor. This made Heath the ninth-youngest nominee for Best Actor Oscar. He also received Best Actor of 2005 from both New York Film Critics Circle and San Francisco Film Critics Circle for the film. Apart from awards, he also found the love of his life whilst filming ‘Brokeback Mountain’, starting a relationship with co-star, Michelle Williams. They continued to have a baby daughter, Matilda, a few months after the release of the movie.

‘The Dark Knight’

By 2005, he had made a name for himself around the world. But on 31st July 2006, an announcement was made: Heath Ledger, the pretty boy who acted in teenage romance dramas would be playing the Joker, the psychotic villain in much-hyped ‘The Dark Knight’ (2008). The sequel to ‘Batman Begins’ (2005), ‘The Dark Knight’ would prove to be the best Batman movie, to this date. With a 180 million USD budget, it earned 1.005 billion USD in box-office and won numerous awards. However, on 31st July 2006, people were not happy. Numerous media outlets were outraged with the decision that world-star director, Christopher Nolan, had made. They debated that the character needed an actor that the audience would gravitate towards. Someone who had the mentality to pull off a joke whilst stabbing innocent strangers. Someone who had a true joker voice. In the public’s eyes, Heath was none of these things. To them, he was just a shallow actor without much presence on screen.

Whilst the public was having its tantrums, Heath had already begun preparations for his role. He was determined to make this once-in-a-life-time chance into a flawless performance. His first step was to learn his character. How did the Joker act? How did he think? How did he sound? How did he laugh? These were all questions Heath had to asked himself. With help from director, Nolan, he gathered material that would help him in his act. This included comic books featuring the Joker, clips from ‘A Clockwork Orange’ – a film about a psychopathic delinquent, paintings by Francis Bacon – an artist famous for his uncomfortable paintings and even hyenas which may have helped perfect his smile. Gathering information was good and easy, but what Heath really wanted to do was feel the Joker; he wanted to be in the Jokers shoes and behave exactly like him. This is what led him to method acting. Method acting is a way in which an actor or actress may change their daily lives, even if it’s a tiny bit, to become one with their character. Heath, however, was determined to become the Joker on a psychological level, so he took method acting to the next level. “He pretty much locked himself up in a hotel, in his apartment, for a month or so, to sort of galvanize the upcoming character in his own mind”, Heath’s father said in an interview. “That was typical of Heath on any movie. He would certainly immerse himself in the upcoming character. I think this was just a whole new level”. In his room, Heath would experiment with different voices, different smiles and different laughs. It is in that room where his iconic Joker stare would come to life; a smile based off the ‘Kubrick’s stare’, which the protagonist of ‘A Clockwork Orange’ used. Whilst in his room, he also kept a journal, where he would put thoughts and ideas in, as well as inspiration material, like the hyenas. This method acting proved to be quite useful, as his performance turned out fabulous, but it also diminished his health and relationships. He had been suffering from insomnia for quite a time, but this became quite evident during filming for ‘The Dark Knight’. He also had to stop locking himself in his room as the time spent with his wife, Michelle and his daughter started depleting.

Once filming started, Heath was amazing. In fact, he was so incredible that the co-stars working with him were scared by his frightening acting. In an interview with Michael Caine, who played Batman’s butler (Alfred), he announced that he was actually frightened by Heath’s acting on set. Nolan, the director, also described how impressive and unpredictable he was on set. In an interview, he talked about how unique Heath’s voice was, stating: “He created this bizarre pitch. I’ve seen a lot of people try and imitate it since. But we never quite knew if he was going to go high or if he was going to go low. You never knew what that guy was going to do, and that’s what was terrifying about him”. Heath was also known for his natural and mood fitting improvisations. In a scene where the Joker blows up a hospital, an incident occurs where the last, main explosion doesn’t fire off. Instead of going out of character like most actors, Heath stayed in character. He would improvise, on the spot, a whole act where he tries to get his detonator to function. The explosion eventually went off and Heath finished his scene like it was nothing. This scene remains to be one of the most unforgettable scenes in the film.

Death and Conclusion

Unfortunately, after filming had finished and editing had begun for the movie, Heath Ledger passed away on the 22nd January 2008. He was in midst of filming his next movie ‘The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus’ (2009) when he died of accidental overdose on a fatal combination of prescription drugs, including sleeping pills, anti-anxiety medication and pain killers. The Internet loved to theorize that his death was caused from the ‘darkness’ of the Joker getting to him, but it has been proven that his death purely accidental. A few months later, when the finished movie came out, the whole world was in awe. Heath had proven everyone wrong. He played the Joker role superbly. Critics gave five-star reviews, media outlets praised him as the best Joker ever made and fans loved the movie. He became the second ever person to win an Oscar posthumously, winning an award for Best Supporting Actor, which his family received in his place, and many more. Heath Ledger became a legend that never got to see what made him a legend.

Heath Ledger would have to be one of the greatest actors to ever walk this planet. He had the ability to act in multiple genres of movie, starring in teen romances to dark superhero films. He acted with talent, passion and dedication. He passed away not even showing his full capabilities; who knows what he could’ve accomplished if he was with us to this day.

My report is going to be on a woman named Whitney Elizabeth Houston. Whitney was born in Newmark, New Jersey on the 9th of August 1963. She was raised in a Baptist household. Her parents are called John Russell Houston, Jr (father) and Emily Houston (mother) Both of her parents were African American. She has a brother and a half-brother. Whitney’s brother is Michael Houston who is a singer and her half-brother Gary Garland is an ex-basketball player. Houston was an American singer and actress. She started her career at a young age as her mum used to take her to different studios.

When Whitney Houston was only four years old she and her family moved to a middle-class area in East Orange, New Jersey which was only 20 minutes from her old home. This was just after the 1967 Newark riots. At the age of 11 Whitney was attending New Hope Baptist Church in Newark. She started performing as a soloist in the junior gospel choir and she also learned how to play the piano.

When Whitney was a teenager, she attended Mount Saint Dominic Academy in Caldwell, New Jersey. Whitney met her best friend who she described as the ‘sister she never had’ at this school. Her name was Robyn Crawford.

Conception and pregnancy

Whitney Elizabeth Houston was estimated to have been conceived in December of 1963. She was then delivered on August 9th. She was born into a very musical family. She was brought up by both of her parents Sissy Houston and John Houston in a poor black community in Newark, New Jersey. It was as if Whitney Houston was born to be a singer-performer.

Birth and infancy 0-3 years; Childhood

Physical development

‘Physical development refers to the normal ways in which bodies grow, change and develop throughout a person’s lifetime.’ (Alleydog.com, 2021) This process starts in human infancy. When Whitney was born, she could not do much apart from sleeping often, drinking milk, and crying like any other baby. Babies tend to sleep very often because they get tired quickly. Some babies sleep more than others. Some sleep for short periods and some sleep for long periods it all depends on the baby. Babies must get breastfed or bottle-fed every four hours. Babies need to be fed regularly for the baby to grow. Babies cry because it is their way of trying to communicate when they want to be fed or when they want comfort. The most common reason why a baby might cry is because they are hungry but, sometimes babies cry for no reason this usually happens when the baby is under five months old.

By six months Houston would have been able to lift her head when lying flat on her stomach. All babies by six months should be able to lift their heads. This is a sign that your baby will start crawling soon. They will also start to be able to smell and taste. At six months Whitney Houston would have been ready for solid foods her mother would know that she was ready because she would be showing signs. The signs are that Whitney can hold her head up, sits well with support, has doubled her birth weight, and is curious about what her parents are eating when around them.

By twelve months Whitney would be able to crawl and sit up without support. Some babies will be able to stand with support at twelve months and some will be able to walk by this point it all depends on the baby. At twelve months quiet games will not entertain Whitney or any other baby, they will start to show an interest in louder games for example playing with blocks and throwing the blocks out of the container. Babies tend to resist taking naps at this time of physical development.

By eighteen months Whitney would have been able to crawl up the stairs. Some babies will have been able to walk up the stairs it all depends on the baby because some babies learn faster than others. Babies will now start to show signs of physical independence. By this point, they can draw lines on a piece of paper or might even try and draw lines on your walls.

By the age of three Whitney would be able to put on her shoes however would not be able to tie her shoelaces. She would also be able to run well and walk well. At this stage, she would be more independent than she was in the earlier stages.

Intellectual

Intellectual is ‘relating to your ability to think and understand things, especially complicated ideas’ (Cambridge Dictionary, 2021) New-borns can recognize their mother’s voices right away due to being able to hear their mother’s voice 10 weeks before they are born. When a baby is first born their vision is quite blurry but just before three months old, they can start to see things clearer. You will notice that their vision is clearer because they will be able to track an object that you move from side to side. After a couple of weeks after birth babies tend to recognize familiar faces and voices. By six months Whitney and other babies will know exactly who their mother is even when their mother is not around and sometimes, they can recognize their mother just by a picture.

At ten to twelve months Whitney would be able to understand small and simple sentences such as ‘Give the toy to me please’. Babies learn to shake their heads in response and they learn to wave bye. They also begin to copy you. You will notice this if you play a sound game with them. Whitney will begin to be more aware at this stage for example if she sees a bird, she might point at it.

By the age of two Whitney would have been able to say short sentences for example ‘I want more food please’. She would learn how to put a spoon in her mouth, she would learn because all toddlers at this stage tend to put things in their mouths. They will also learn how to drink out of a cup without a beaker.

Social

New-borns loved to get held. In the first month, she will begin to copy your facial expressions. You will notice this if you stick out your tongue and watch her do the same. She will enjoy watching your facial expressions.

When a baby is two years old that is when they start to enjoy playing with other children. When she first started playing with other children, she would not want to share her toys. Later on, she will learn to share and include other children. When she starts nursery that is when she will begin to make real friends.

Toddler. 3-5 years.

Physical development

At three to four years Whitney Houston would be less dependent on her parents because she would be able to do more things. She would be able to balance on one foot, play with clay, be able to build a tower of blocks, she would be able to dress herself, and undress. By the age of four, she would know how to pedal a tricycle. Her fine motor skills should include feeding herself with a spoon and washing and drying her hands.

At four to five years, she would be able to draw a basic picture of a person and draw crosses and circles. She would be able to cut around an outline using safety scissors. She would also be able to walk up and down the stairs properly.

Intellectual

At three to five years Whitney and other children will begin to imaginary play. They would begin to have imaginary friends and pretend to feed their teddy bears. All children will be able to name colors and can count to ten or maybe even twenty. You can better their Intellectual skills by reading a book to them every day.

By the age of three pre-schoolers know 300 words. That expands to 1,500 words by age 4 and to 2,500 words by age 5. Stimulate their language development through reading, talking, and asking them questions.

Emotional

At three to five years children sometimes do not know the difference between fantasy and reality. This can cause nightmares for example they might think monsters are under their bed to get them, when in reality there is nothing there.

Between the ages of three to five Whitney would begin to notice other people’s feelings and moods. If she cannot do something she would learn to ask for help.

Social

Whitney Houston and other toddlers at the age of three learn how to interact and make friends with other children at the nursery. All children at the ages of three and four understand what is right and wrong.

At three to five years children start to enjoy helping out around the house. Children at this age also like to play with other children and sometimes play on their own.

Adolescence

Adolescence is physical development that happens during puberty. Adolescence happens during the teenage years. Puberty is when boy’s voices get deeper, and girls get periods. Adolescence takes place between twelve to eighteen years.

Physical development

Like all teenagers, Whitney Houston started puberty. She started her period, and she had a growth spurt. Whitney Houston’s mother (Sissy Houston) performed at nightclubs. Houston went from performing in a church at age eleven to performing occasionally in nightclubs in her teenage years. At age fourteen Whitney Houston became a backup singer on the Michael Zager Band’s single ‘Life’s a Party’. At the age of fifteen, she sang background vocals on Chaka Khan’s hit single ‘I’m Every Woman’. In her teenage years, she was exposed to Chaka Khan, Glady’s Knight, and Roberta Flack. These individuals had an influence on her as a singer and performer.

Intellectual skills

As a teenager, Whitney Houston was able to think outside the box. She would think about her future. She knew exactly what she wanted to be in life. Even though she could sing she was still inexperienced in singing so she gained more experience by performing in nightclubs.

Emotional development

Houston’s hormones influenced a lot of her emotions it shows that she was forming an independent identity and learning how to become an adult. She was constantly shown love by her mother because they both had an interest in singing and performing. Being a teenager is a very difficult time because your emotions are everywhere. Teenagers become stressed because of exams and gaining a good social life.

Social Skills

Whitney Houston had one main friend. She had a best friend that she always used to describe as the ‘sister she’s never had’. She met her best friend at Mount Saint Dominic Academy.

Third life stage- Adulthood (19-65)

Adulthood is split into two stages, early adulthood, and later adulthood (46-65). As Whitney Houston was only aged forty-eight when she passed away, she only got to experience three years of her later adulthood.

Physical development

Early Adulthood is when Whitney Houston started to age. Even though she started to age she still looked very good because black people age a lot later than white people. In early adulthood, there are changes in vision and reproductive capability. Middle adulthood around the age of thirty is when her aging will start to speed up and she will start to have further vision problems. At the age of thirty-five, some people start to get grey hair, some get it before, and some people get it a lot later. Middle adulthood is when Whitney Houston would have started her menopause but because she died at such a young age it is less likely that she started her menopause.

Intellectual skills

At this stage of adulthood Adults have a much slower reaction to things than teenagers, sometimes this can affect their work. Whitney Houston’s brain would have started to work slower in the middle of her Adulthood because she was on heavy drugs. This can affect the way she thinks, and it affects her health. Whitney Houston could not face her difficulties, and this resulted in her taking drugs.

Emotional development

At the stage of young adulthood. Individuals have to make big decisions about their careers. Long-term relationships are formed and often result in marriage and even babies. Big choices about marriage and babies happen at this stage but sometimes it happens in Adolescence. People who marry in Adolescence are more likely to divorce. Some individuals lose their self-confidence. Whitney began to take drugs in the middle of her Adulthood. The middle of Adulthood is when problems start to occur for individuals. Sometimes problems occur because of the way how they are being treated.

Social Skills

At the early stages of this stage in life, individuals tend to have a group of close friends. Whitney Houston had a good social life. She was an Actress, she featured in many different films. Her first acting role was as a star in a feature film’ The bodyguard’. This film took place in 1992. The film’s original soundtrack won the 1994 Grammy Award for Album of the Year. Houston became the first solo to sell more than a million copies in a week due to her single ‘I Will Always Love You’. She influenced many African American artists who followed in her footsteps. Houston was the first person with color to be at the front of a magazine. She was also in commercials, she appeared in Canada’s dry soft drink commercial. Whitney Houston was very popular because of her looks, her voice, and her acting. In 1992 she married Bobby Brown. Whitney gave birth to a baby girl on March 4th, 1993. She named her baby Bobbi Kristina Houston Brown. This was Houston’s only child and it was Bobby’s fourth child. At this point in life, adults must be financially stable. With everything that Whitney was doing, she was financially stable, and money was not an issue for her.

On the 23 February, 1908, a great man was born, and he was named William McMahon after his father who had the same name. McMahon lived with his parents for a while and was an only child. One day tragically McMahon’s parents died, so he was taken to live with his relatives. He was an only child, so had a mostly lonely childhood.

While McMahon was being raised by his relatives, he attended Sydney Grammar School. After he graduated, McMahon started University of Sydney to study law. After a while of university, McMahon decided to enlist for the army and he got picked. While in the army, McMahon rose ranks several times, until he reached a high rank of major, and in the army he did many special missions. For example, during one tour he was sent to Europe to study the leftovers of World War II. In general, he made lots of trips to different countries to investigate war problems. When he finished up in the army, he went to back to university to study law, and while he was in the university he did boxing and dancing.

After McMahon finished studying law and when he graduated, McMahon joined the Labour Party, and then served in the House of Representatives. In 1971, at the age of 63, McMahon became Prime Minister; he replaced John Grey Gorton as Prime Minister. McMahon served as Prime Minister for 21 years. Whilst being Prime Minister he did many things, like visiting China to add Vietnam troops, and he was one of the first prime ministers to allow Aboriginal rights. Unfortunately, on the next elections McMahon got voted out but he stayed in the Labour Party for a little longer.

After McMahon’s hard work as Prime Minister, he retired at 1988. McMahon received $500,000 after he retired and with this money he went to America. When McMahon got too old to travel, he decided to work. After looking for a job, he found one he liked, and for a while he worked as the consultant for Bank of America. On the Queen’s birthday, McMahon flew to Great Britain and there he got knighted to the Commander of Order.

One tragic day, McMahon caught cancer, and every day the disease got worse and worse. William McMahon spent the day at Potts Point on that tragic day when he died of cancer at the age of 80. A few weeks later a state memorial was held in Sydney to the great Prime Minister.

“Be calm and strong and patient. Meet failure and disappointment with courage. Rise superior to the trials of life, and never give in to hopelessness or despair”.

‘I have decided to stick with love, hate is too great a burden to bear’, said the legend Martin Luther King Jr. He was an inspirational social rights activist and the leader of the American civil rights movement who is remembered proudly to this day. King showed courage because of his dream to make everybody equal, and he influenced others to speak up for themselves. He made a change for racial equality that has helped everyone’s rights, not only in America, but the world.

Born in Atlanta, Georgia, on 15th January 1929, to parents Martin Luther King Sr. and Alberta Williams. King was the second child and had two siblings, Christine King Farris and Alfred Daniel Williams King Sr. Growing up, his father and grandfather guided him and his siblings with their spiritual teachings, as their father was a Baptist minister, and their mother played a significant role in the affairs of the Ebenezer Baptist Church. They were quickly schooled and had to deal with the harsh reality of the racial segregation of the South.

King, at the age of five, began school at Yonge Street Elementary School in Atlanta, Georgia. Graduated from Booker T. Washington High School, then was admitted to Morehouse College at 15, then enters Crozer Theological Seminary. Martin Luther King Jr. earned a doctorate in systematic theology from Boston University in 1955. He had previously earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Morehouse College, as well as a Bachelor of Divinity degree from Crozer Theological Seminary.

On the 18th of June, 1953, Martin Luther King Jr. married Coretta Scott King, and they had three children: Martin Luther King III, Yolanda King, Bernice King, and Dexter King.

The first racial equality protest began on December 1955 after African American, Rosa Parks, was arrested for not giving up her seat to a white man. The next day, Dr. King proposed a citywide boycott of public transportation at a church meeting. He organized a number of peaceful protests as head of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, including the huge incredible march on Washington, D.C., this is where he presented his famous 17-minute speech called ‘I Have a Dream’. He was inspired to do this because of his Christian belief and the nonviolent activism of Mahatma Gandhi. “Freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor, it must be demanded by the oppressed”, said the legend himself. King’s courage led the whole nation to a new dream of racial equality.

Although Martin Luther King Jr. was such an inspiration to many people, there were many others who didn’t particularly agree with him. He was arrested over 20 times for protesting, was the object of several violent attacks both to himself and his property and received lots of threatening phone calls. His house was also bombed and set on fire, and he was even tragically stabbed. Even had an attempted assassination on him while doing a book signing in 1955. He was a target of white supremacy. Due to all these things, he still fought and never gave up his dedication never lessened.

Martin Luther King Jr. sadly passed on 4 April 1964 due to an assassination by firearm at the age of just 39. It is believed that roughly 200,000 people lined the streets of downtown Atlanta for King’s funeral.

Through his activism and inspiration, he has played a pivotal role in African American history and racial equality. He changed history with his inspirational speeches and his leadership in the protests. His courageous heart has been heard all around the world. He made a difference for black rights. Martin Luther King Jr. will never be forgotten. He will forever and always be remembered as a hero and admired for his change to black justice. King had courage, gave it away, and showed it.

Marilyn Monroe, or Norma Jeane Mortenson, born in 1926 in Los Angeles, did not have a carefree childhood. She never knew her father, and she spent most of her childhood in orphanages, as her mother was not capable of caring for her. In there, Monroe stated that she was sexually assaulted. Monroe, fortunately, got out of the foster system by marrying her boyfriend at that time, but she had three husbands in total. When her husband was away because of his career, Marilyn started her model career, and in 1946 she got her first movie role. For this role, she dyed her hair blonde, and her stage name “Marilyn Monroe” was born. Due to her appearance, she was also known as a sex symbol of that time. Marilyn Monroe died in 1962 due to a drug overdose.

I do not think that Monroe’s death should be considered a coincidence. Even though the drug overdose does not seem to be planned, what influenced her into taking drugs in the first place? Her problems already occur in her childhood. Her mother was a volatile person herself, and even though Marilyn was quite young at that time, this can still influence a person subconsciously. Not having a fatherly figure in her life could result in insecurity, which could be related to Monroe’s stage fright. In general, childhood trauma always affects the child and has long-lasting consequences. Her lack of a father figure in her life could have also led to her many relationships with various men.

Fame itself also contributed to that. When someone is considered to be a sex symbol, they have very high standards to fulfill. Also, Marilyn Monroe’s private life was highly talked about due to her many relationships and a rumored one with John F. Kennedy. The media interfered a lot with her privacy because they wanted to reveal the latest news about her life. This could have made Monroe feel as if she had nowhere to go in order to escape from the public since they wanted to know her every move. She felt like she could not keep everything private, and this led to a constant uneasy feeling of being watched, which could make a person freak out and be paranoid. Maybe when Marilyn Monroe took drugs, she felt free from all her feelings and burdens, merely enjoying the moment to herself.

Few authors can be credited with influencing American literature as much as Edgar Allan Poe. Poe is deemed the father of modern detective stories and helped build Gothic horror as a genre. He is also considered one of the first authors to use sci-fi horror in literature. Poe is the author most think about when talking about the Gothic writing style. Poe’s journey started at an early age, and as he grew to be older, he would release countless literary works that will be discussed for centuries to come. He held himself to the idea of ‘art for art’s sake’. Even at an early age in his writing career, Poe paid close attention to the literary devices he wrote to give his short stories and poems an iconic feel. If Poe had never started writing, other works of literature might not exist. His writing style helped influence and inspire others. Many authors use writing to express deeper emotions, and Poe’s life was full of death and sadness.

Edgar Allan Poe was born on January 19th, 1809. Shortly after Edgar’s birth, his father, David Poe, abandoned his wife and three young children. At the age of two, Edgar’s mother died of tuberculosis. After his mother’s death, Poe was taken under the care of Frances and John Allan. John was a well-off merchant in Richmond and sent Edgar to Scotland and the UAE to study between 1815 and 1820. Poe would return to the States and decided to attend the University of Virginia at seventeen. Poe did not attend the University of Virginia for long as debt from tuition and gambling overwhelmed him. Upon returning home, Poe discovered that his fiancée, Elmira Royster, had become engaged to another man. Poe quickly moved to Boston, where he would publish his first poems. After joining the military at eighteen, Poe would be eventually court marshaled for dereliction of duty. Poe would then move from place to place, releasing collections of poetry. He would eventually settle down and begin a job as editor of the Southern Literary Messenger, where he made his name as a critical reviewer. Poe’s Aunt and cousin would come to live with him in Richmond, and after a year, he and his cousin, Virginia, would marry. Poe began to become an alcoholic, which would cause him to lose his job and affect his life for years to come. Poe would move back and forth from New York to Philadelphia over the next several years and publish some of his best works of literature. In 1845, Poe released his most famous poem ‘The Raven’, which made Poe known across the nation. Poe became the first American writer to live off the earnings from their writings. Sadly, Poe’s wife Virginia would die in 1847 from tuberculosis. After her death, Poe moved back to Richmond and became engaged to Elmira Royster again in 1849. While traveling to New York, Poe was found delirious in a tavern before being taken to Washington University Hospital. He spent four days in and out of consciousness before dying on October 7th, 1849. To this day, the exact cause of death is still unknown. Even with his short life, Poe released several works of literature that still captivate readers.

Poe is known for his poems and short stories. Each one plays to the emotions of the reader. Most of Poe’s stories have elements of paranoia, delusions, guilt, and obsessions. ‘The Tell-Tale Heart’, considered one of Poe’s most significant works, touches most of the elements common to his stories. ‘The Tell-Tale Heart’ has one of his most iconic scenes, where the heart of a murdered man can be heard beating through the floorboards. ‘The Tell-Tale Heart’ is an excellent example of psychological and supernatural horror used in Poe’s stories. Another one of his works, ‘The Pit and the Pendulum’, touches on suspense to the threat of imminent death. The Spanish Inquisition tortures the narrator, and with each word, the suspense rises. ‘The Pit and the Pendulum’ has readers taken to the edge, never knowing if the next moment will be the narrator’s last. Another one of Poe’s works that use the passage of time to help build suspense is ‘The Cask of Amontillado’. In this dark short story, the protagonist, Montressor, lures an acquaintance who wronged him to meet his demise. The acquaintance, Fortunato, is lured into a crypt, where Montressor slowly walls him up, leaving him to die. As readers, we never discover the exact reasoning for wanting the man dead. Poe’s most iconic work of literature is his poem ‘The Raven’, which touches on images of grief and loss. ‘The Raven’ is what made Poe a national icon, and with it, his legacy grew.

Throughout his life, Poe released works of literature that were able to captivate audiences for decades after his death. During life, Poe was seen as a man of duality: he was able to set up scenes in his poems that could horrify or be endearing. Some of Poe’s most well-known works are based in a darker setting, allowing for terror and dread to grow with the audience as they read. His capabilities to play off the primal emotions of dread and fear are what captivated most of his audiences. Even with this capability to use darker emotions, Poe would write of the beauty he saw in the world. ‘Annabel Lee’ and ‘To Helen’ are prime examples of his expression of his view on the beauty and kindness of women. Outside of his work, Poe was considered to be a pleasant man by most. Poe would interact with fans by reading his poems and even once apologized to a fan for not having a pet raven. Countless authors recognized Poe across the globe for his greatness. But even with this praise, some critics would consider his writing vulgar, artistically debased, and juvenile. The most shocking of these criticisms came from a past friend named R.W. Griswold in a libelous obituary notice in the New York Tribune. Even with the negatives that critics published, Poe’s impact on literature cannot be disputed.

Poe pioneered Gothic horror as a genre, paving a path for authors and others to make countless iconic works of art throughout the decades. Without Poe, works of literature such as H.P. Lovecraft’s would not exist. He is also considered the father of modern detective stories. It is said that the narrative ‘The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket’ was an inspiration for Herman Melville’s ‘Moby-Dick’. In the international circle, Poe was considered a genius of literature. In the French literature front, Poe was used as a model of poetry and criticism. Poe’s worldwide renown can be credited to being helped by the persuasions of French poets Charles Baudelaire and Stéphane Mallarmé. Poe’s influence was not limited to set genres of Gothic horror, as his writing style can be used for poems and stories across all genres of literature.

Poe was a firm believer in ‘art for art’s sake’. He wanted to share works from his imagination, rather than have them serve some purpose for some gain, such as a political standing. Poe would also stand by this belief while criticizing others’ works. Poe would pay attention to how poems were written. Poe used repetition, internal rhyme, alliteration, and assonance to help give his poems and stories an iconic feel and sound while reading aloud. An excellent example of this style would be ‘The Bells’, where ‘bells’ is used in repetition throughout to give a sense of tone to each bell, allowing the reader to imagine the ringing with each repetition. As a critic, Poe judged harshly on meter, structure, and correctness of language. Poe’s view on literature is a prime example of what authors of fiction should strive for, rather than using their position as public figures to push an agenda.

Even with some of the darker things in Poe’s life, it is impossible not to credit him with what he achieved in his lifetime. He overcame several hardships throughout his life, and with his skills in writing, he was able to become the first American author to live off his earnings from his writing. He helped create several genres that we can enjoy today. Without him, the Gothic horror and the modern mystery genres as we know them today would not exist. As a historical figure, he and his works of literature should be studied for their impact on our society. His impact and influence can be seen even to this day.

Edgar Allan Poe was an extraordinary poet who used the obstacles and unfortunate circumstances of his life to write great poetry.

Mr. Edgar Allan Poe was born in 1809 in Boston, Massachusetts, to parents who were nomadic actors. His parents both died in Poe’s early childhood. One of the most important events of his early life was the death of his mother, when he was not yet three years old, and his poetry bears the imprint of his various attempts to find an ideal woman adequate to her memory.

Taken by the Allan family to England at the age of six, he was placed in a private school. Upon returning to the U.S. in 1820, he continued to study in private schools, and in 1826, attended the University of Virginia for a year, where he seemed to have impressed his teachers and fellow students with his knowledge of languages. In 1827, his foster father was displeased by the young man’s drinking and gambling. Allan refused to pay for his debt, forcing Poe to drop out of school and forced him to work as a clerk. Thus began an estrangement from Allan that lasted until Allan’s death six years later. Poe later enlisted in the U.S. Army and served a 2-year term. In 1829, his second volume of verse, ‘Al Aaraaf’, was published, and he affected a reconciliation with Allan, who secured him an appointment to the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. In 1834, Poe’s foster father, John Allan, died with no mention of Poe in his will. Despite the lack of funds from his father, Poe managed to provide for himself. In 1836, he married his young cousin Virginia. Through the next decade, much of which was marred by his wife’s long illness, Poe worked as an editor for various periodicals in Philadelphia and New York City. Poe moved with his wife to a cottage in what was then a rural area in Bronx, N.Y.; she died there of tuberculosis in January 1947. He also became ill. Poe earned his living mainly as a writer and as an editor of magazines. For magazines, he wrote reviews, occasional essays, meditations, literary criticism, and a variety of different kinds of journalism, as well as poetry and short fiction.

In the course of his editorial work, Poe functioned largely as a book reviewer, producing also a significant body of criticism; his essays were famous for their sarcasm, wit, and exposure of literary pretension. His evaluations have withstood the test of time and earned him a high place among American literary critics. Poe’s theories on the nature of fiction and, in particular, his writings on the short story have had a lasting influence on American and European writers. In the autumn of 1840, Poe began working with Mr. Graham on Penn Magazine. The magazine’s popularity grew rapidly, and Poe had a steady income for the first time. Poe published his first detective story, ‘The Murders in the Rue Morgue’, and became even more famous for his exciting tales and poetry as well as his editing skills. Poe’s third book, ‘Poems’, appeared in 1831, and the following year he moved to Baltimore, where he lived with his aunt and her 11-year-old daughter, Virginia Clemm. In October 1833, Poe entered his piece in a Baltimore newspaper contest and won a $50 prize as well as newfound fame. Poe soon found himself writing reviews and short stories for the Southern Literary Messenger. He took an editorial position for the Southern Literary Messenger in Richmond. The magazine was quite successful under Poe’s guidance, and it soon attracted national attention. The publication of ‘The Raven’ in 1845 made him famous, enabling him to begin earning good money as a public reciter of poetry. The same year, he moved to the Broadway Journal and quickly became its proprietor until it folded in 1846.

“He had a craving for fame”, a contemporary recalled. “He wanted desperately to be known”. He achieved celebrity status when the New York Mirror published his poem ‘The Raven’ in January 1845. It created a sensation and was widely republished, eventually becoming perhaps the best-known poem ever written by an American. It made him famous but did not alleviate his chronic poverty. After Poe was famous, his income, though unstable, was a little more dependable. His life, however, did not go smoothly. He was to some extent lionized in literary circles, but his combination of desperation for financial support with alcoholism and a combative temper kept him from dealing well with being a ‘star’. His financial circumstances were often desperate as he moved from one eastern city to another looking for work as a writer or editor of literary magazines. Poe understood the many possibilities available to a journalist and had hopes of starting his own magazine. He began to drink more often, resorting to alcohol as a means of escape. He was an alcoholic prone to binge drinking. He had an exceptionally low tolerance level and would become drunk after just one or two drinks.

Poe quit his job at the Southern Literary Messenger and moved to New York in February 1837. The financial state was troubled, yet Poe continued his writing. When he was fired, he moved with his wife (by then the marriage was publicly acknowledged) and her mother to New York City, where he lived in poverty, selling his writing for the next two years. Though he published ‘The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym’ in 1838, it brought him no income. He moved to Philadelphia that same year and for several months continued to live on only a small income from stories and other magazine pieces. In 1839, he became co-editor of Burton’s Gentleman’s Magazine. Despite this good fortune, Poe continued to drink, damaging his health as well as his relationships. He severed his ties with Graham in April 1842 and began a career as a freelance writer. He attempted to start his own magazine, ‘The Stylus’, but met with little success.

His living conditions were not improving. His health worsened as he continued to drink heavily. His wife’s condition was also looking grim. In 1842, Poe’s young wife burst a blood vessel, and her deteriorating health over the next five years added greatly to Poe’s financial worries. When Virginia finally died in 1847, Poe himself became desperately ill. Poe drank to excess at times, and he may have taken drugs, but the extent of these habits may have been exaggerated by some of his biographers. He was highly productive as a writer in 1848–1849. Even after recovering, he never regained his old resilience, though in 1848 he managed to publish his famous ‘Eureka: A Prose Poem’. That same year he became engaged to one of the several women he was seeing, Mrs. Sarah Whitman, another poet who attempted with some success to help him overcome his problems with drinking. Whitman’s family disapproved of Poe, however, and the engagement was broken off not long after it began. Poe then became engaged to a widowed childhood sweetheart, Sarah Elmira Royster. In what was to be the last year of his life, he achieved a measure of security with Royster, a regular income from lecturing and writing, and some popularity in Richmond society.

On September 27, he took a steamer to Baltimore en route to New York. On several occasions, he collapsed with what was then called ‘brain fever’, during which he hallucinated and held conversations with ‘spirits’. In modern terms, he would be diagnosed as having suffered psychotic episodes. He twice made serious suicide attempts and frequently made suicidal gestures. On October 3, he was found senseless and apparently drunk in a polling place and taken to a hospital, where he died a few days later, on October 7, at the age of forty. His death as a medical result of his supposed alcoholism has never been proven; in fact, it is unlikely for lack of evidence of conditions such as sclerosis of the liver in any of his medical records.

While Edgar Allan Poe never had success with finance in his lifetime, Poe was one of America’s most enduring writers. He is remembered as one of the first writers to become a major figure in world literature. Edgar Allan Poe was an extraordinary poet who used the obstacles and unfortunate circumstances of his life to write great poetry.

Throughout history, society has been presented with many predicaments and complications. Many wrongs have been made and social activists play a major role in righting those wrongs. They have such an influence on humankind that some of the greatest moments of triumph throughout the ages are credited to them. Two of the most successful social activists that have brought about some of the most remarkable advances throughout history are Sojourner Truth and Susan B. Anthony.

Sojourner Truth, originally named Isabella Baumfree, was born a slave in 1797, in Hurley, New York. She was first sold around the age of ten, but that was not all she was put through. From an early age, she was sold multiple times, beaten, put through cruel physical labor, and overall horribly mistreated. Later in her life, she was forced to marry a man who was also a slave. She and her husband had five kids. After being a slave for about twenty-eight years of her life, Truth escaped with her daughter in 1826. Following her escape, she converted to Christianity and changed her name to Sojourner Truth. According to the African American Odyssey, she believed that she was called by God to travel around the nation and to preach the truth of his word, hence why she changed her name to Sojourner Truth. She became a preacher and spoke at camp meetings and public events about abolition and women’s rights. This was just the beginning of her work as a social activist.

Sojourner Truth traveled thousands of miles giving passionate, influential speeches. In 1851, she delivered “Ain’t I A Woman”, one of the most famous speeches about the rights of African Americans and women, at a Women’s Rights Convention. In addition to inspiring people with her words, she also contributed to humankind through her actions. During the Civil War, she helped recruit black soldiers into the Union army. Along with helping recruit soldiers, she sang and preached to raise money for them. Sojourner was known as the first African American woman to win a lawsuit against a white man in the United States. In 1828, her son had been illegally sold after the New York Anti-Slavery Law had been passed. She filed a lawsuit against the man that sold her son and won, able to regain custody of him.

Sojourner later moved to Battle Creek, Michigan where she continued to speak about women’s suffrage and helped freed slaves find homes and build new lives. Her work eventually led her to meet President Abraham Lincoln in 1864. In 1883, Sojourner Truth passed away at the age of 86. According to PBS, her final words were “be a follower of the Lord Jesus”. She stayed faithful to her beliefs even in her last moments.

Susan Brownell Anthony was born into a Quaker family in 1820, in Adams Massachusetts. Daughter of Daniel and Lucy Read Anthony, Susan grew up in a family that was heavily involved in politics, resulting in her developing strong beliefs from an early age. Her family of abolitionists worked to end slavery, which influenced her, as she was only sixteen when she began to collect Anti-Slavery petitions. In 1826, her family moved to Battenville, New York. Later on, she was sent to attend a school near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Her father’s business failed in the late 1830s, leading her to move back home. In 1845, her family moved to a farm in Rochester, New York, where anti-slavery gatherings were held.

Anthony’s commitment to women’s rights first began when she attended a temperance convention. She and her family were part of the temperance movement when, at this convention, she was denied the chance to speak, simply because of her gender. She realized that no women would be taken seriously in politics, unless they were given the right to vote, thus sparking a passion within Susan for women’s suffrage. With this passion, she traveled across the country speaking and campaigning for women’s suffrage and property rights. Anthony became a pioneer and one of the leading figures of the women’s suffrage movement. Alongside Elizabeth Stanton, she helped bring about a plethora of achievements such as establishing the Women’s New York State Temperance Society, forming the American Equal Rights Association, which called for the same rights to be granted to all regardless of race or sex, and published the weekly ‘Revolution’, which issued the motto, “Men, their rights and nothing more; women their rights and nothing less.”

Susan B. Anthony died in 1906, at the age of 86. She resided in Rochester, New York when she passed away from pneumonia and heart failure. Anthony never married and instead, dedicated her life to women’s rights and equality. She died before women were given the right to vote, but it was with her work and other influential women that the nineteenth amendment was passed 14 years after her death. The amendment was known as the “Susan B. Anthony Amendment” to honor all that she had done with the hope of achieving women’s suffrage one day.

Sojourner Truth and Susan B. Anthony are recognized as two of the most significant social activists in history. Sojourner and Susan had similar beliefs and it was due to their efforts that society had improved remarkably, regarding issues of equality and slavery. These two women were able to voice their opinions and move people with their words and actions. They knew each other and had disagreements but despite their differences, they wanted and fought for the same rights. Truth and Anthony were not the only social activists who affected history. Countless people all over the world fought and are still fighting against the wrongs within society. Social activists are an important part of communication within humankind. They have been and always will be a crucial part of understanding one another throughout the past and present.