Category: Biography

Bonnie and Clyde did many types of crime that changed the world tremendously. For two whole years, many people had different opinions on them. Bonnie and Clyde have left an impact on the world with their rebellious lives and dedication to each other. Even if they violate the law.

Bonnie Parker was born on October 1, 1910 in the small town of Rottweiler, Texas. Her father Charles Parker was a bricklayer who died when Bonnie was 4 years old. Her widowed mother, Emma Parker, moved the family to a suburb of Dallas called Cement City. Bonnie grew up with two siblings, one brother and one sister, both very smart students in the local school. Bonnie showed an interest in poetry and literature during school, and won honors in all her studies. She is considered very beautiful and dreams of becoming an actress. When Bonnie was in school, she didn’t show any criminal path that anyone could see. In the second grade of high school, Bonnie started dating her classmate Roy Thornton. Six days before her 16th birthday, she married him and they tried to start living together. Roy was physically abused, so the marriage did not last. In May 1929, Roy was imprisoned for robbery, and they never met again.

Clyde Barrow was born on March 24, 1909 in Trico, Texas. He is the fifth of seven children born to Cumie T. Walker (mother) and Henry Basil Barrow (dad). His family owned a farm but closed down due to drought, so they moved to Dallas, where he later met Bonnie. Clyde went to school until the age of 16, and planned to become a musician. He also likes to play saxophone and guitar. His elder brother, Marvin Ivan Barrow (also known as Buck) soon allowed Clyde to lead a life of crime. It started with petty theft and quickly escalated to armed robbery. By 1929, Clyde was only 20 years old and wanted for several robberies.

Clyde first met Bonnie in January 1930. They met through a mutual friend, when Bonnie was a waitress. Clyde was immediately fascinated, and the two spent a lot of time together in the following weeks. When Clyde went to jail for multiple car thefts, this new relationship was interrupted. In prison, Clyde wanted to escape and be with Bonnie again. Bonnie is very willing to help her new relationship escape from prison so that they can be together again. She sneaked the gun into the prison for him, and Clyde used the weapon to escape with some of his inmates. A week later, they were captured and Clyde was sentenced to 14 years of hard labor. Clyde was transferred to Eastham State Farm. During his tenure, Clyde and Bonnie wrote to each other. His thoughts returned to escape again. To ease his hard work, he cut off part of his big toe and the other toe. What he didn’t know was that his mother planned to discuss with the judge the issue of getting Clyde on parole. After parole, he and Bonnie were reunited. He committed crimes with a small group of people, robbing banks and small businesses. Bonnie joined, but was arrested after an attempted robbery and sentenced to two months in prison. While awaiting trial, Bonnie wrote poems. Many of her works are related to Clyde and their relationship. One of her poems is called ‘The Trails End’ and some of them seem to tell the future of the couple. The last section reads, “Someday they will fall together, they will bury them side by side. A few will be sad. It is a relief to the law. But to Bonnie and Clyde it is death”.

In June 1932, the court did not convict Bonnie because she said she was kidnapped by the cart gang. After her release, she rejoined Clyde, and they continued to commit crimes with several others. They were involved in robberies across multiple states (Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Missouri). By 1933, the group was wanted for several murders, including the death of law enforcement officers. In April 1933, the group met at the Clyde Brothers (Barker) apartment in Joplin, Missouri. And W.D. Jones and Buck’s wife. The neighbors began to doubt and called the police. There was a gun battle, but five people escaped, leaving two law enforcement officers dead. There are also movie characters that include photos of Bonnie and Clyde. Joplin Globe immediately released the images, when Bonnie and Clyde received national attention. In June of the same year, Bonnie suffered a car accident, severely injured her leg, and was carried most of the time.

Blanche (Buck’s wife), WD Jones, Buck, Bonnie and Clyde continue to commit crimes. In July, the police learned about them in Platte, Missouri, and another gun battle took place. Buck was badly injured, and soon died of his injuries. After the death of her husband, Blanche turned himself in and was sentenced to 10 years in prison Jones separated from Bonnie and Clyde and was arrested by the authorities in November 1933. Clyde escaped again for his friend Henry Methven in January 1934, when a team, including former Texas Ranger Frank Hammer, began to look for Bonnie and Clyde. Bonnie and Clyde seek refuge on the Henry family farm in Bienville, Louisiana. Frank Hammer learned of their whereabouts and asked Henry’s father Ivan Methven for help. Ivan agreed to help as long as his son was treated with leniency. On May 23, 1934, Bonnie and Clyde were driving on a small road in Louisiana. They saw Ivan Methven standing next to his dilapidated truck. They didn’t know that there was a team of officers waiting. When they stopped to help him pick up the truck, the police opened fire. Clyde was hit first and died on the spot. Some people claimed that they could hear Bonnie screaming in pain when she was fired a few shots.

The couple was so famous at the time of their death that people showed up in a crime spree and took away some things, such as a lock of hair, a few pieces of clothing, and even one of Clyde’s ears. Despite wishing to be buried together, they were separated. Thousands of people went to the funeral, and even the newspaper published a special issue to cover the death. Bonnie and Clyde were severely romanticized by the media, even after they committed crimes. Nearly 100 years later, they are still being talked about, and their bullet-filled cars are still on display in Las Vegas, Nevada.

Bonnie and Clyde live on the fringe, some people love and others hate. Many crime frenzy movies have been made, such as the 1967 Arthur Penn movie ‘Bonnie and Clyde’. The couple never separated, even in prison. They never betray each other and know that they can trust each other. It is said that Bonnie died in Clyde’s arms, indicating that they were in the same boat and never left each other.

The biography I choose to write about is Mary Reibey. Mary Reibey was a businesswoman, shipowner and trader who was expelled to Australia from England. On May 12th, 1777, was the day she was born, and on the 30th of May, 1855, she died. In 1791 (she is around the age of 15 when arriving), after landing, she settled in Sydney as a young accused horse thief and by fortuitous spouse and an entrepreneurial spirit became the leading colonial seller and philanthropist. In this paper, I will also look at Mary Reibley’s personal history which was so elevated that this lady has a position on our $20 notes. This will also involve looking at the period and location she grew up in the New South Wales colony in the early decades of the late 18th century British colonization.

Mary Reibey was born Molly Haydock in the Bury district of Lancashire in England and christened. Mary’s parents were prominent leaders of mid-sized Yeomaniacs, but she was orphaned in her early adulthood and brought up by her maternal grandmother. Mary was well educated and frequently attended church at Blackburn Grammar School. She left Lancashire after her grandmother’s death in 1790 and when she was 13, she disguised herself as a boy and decided to steal a horse maybe as a misled joke while having to work as a servant. Once she was arrested, she was still dressed as a boy and was identified as James Burrows, after a kid, she was aware of who died recently. Mary retained her disguise as a boy, but at her Stafford Assizes trial she was revealed. The theft of horses in the late 18th century was punished by execution, but Mary was not willing to do the hangman’s noose owing to her ‘tender years’ (Gilchrist, 2016). In October 1792, she was 15 years of age, and arrived at New South Wales on Royal Admiral.

An appeal for her freedom was ineffectual and she was sent to New South Wales in 1792 in the Royal Admiral, where she had been named a nurse servant to the household of Francis Grose, who was a defense forces personnel and lieutenant governor. When she arrived, she wrote to Penelope Hope, her aunt, expressing in ‘idiosyncratic spelling’ her plans to get her sentence of seven years reduced and to ‘watch every opportunity to get away in too or 3 years. But I will make myself as happy as I can in my present and unhappy situation’ (Reserve Bank of Australia. 2016, 20). Only at age of seventeen, she wedded Thomas Reibey, a twenty-five free settler and junior shipping officer on the Britannia East India Company department. It would be a fortuitous union for each of them, and combined they made a really solid, faithful working relationship. (Gilchrist, 2016). Together they achieved a lot, Thomas was given asses to land on a rich fertile Hawkesbury River, where they were able to produce numbers of cargo businesses and farms along the Hawkesbury River to Sydney. Once this happened, they moved to Sydney and also created a substantial stone house and trading establishments near the Macquarie Place which is what it is today and Reiby Place. Even though in 1880 the building was cleared it was also once the Bank of New South Wales once originally names the Entally House after the Indian suburb of Entally. By 1803, Thomas also owned successful trading in coal, cedar, wheat and boats, which were traded up and down the Hunter and Hawkesbury River. His ship-building companies, so important for the growth of the early colonies, were quickly growing. By 1805, he participated in construction in the Bass Strait, and by 1807, his company had grown further. His schooner ‘Mercury’ exchanged daily with the Pacific Islands. Earlier, he built up comprehensive trade networks with India and China. Through his often-long absences, Mary maintained both their family and his business ambitions alive. Their family ended up having 7 children (Thomas, James, George, Celia, Eliza, Jane Penelope and Elizabeth). All their children were well educated and baptized in the Old St Philip’s Church.

After the death of Thomas in 1811 due to a fatal illness which he picked up on a trading trip to Bengal, Mary was seen as a very wealth woman but she never remarried. After her husband’s death she continued his business responsibility managing the Reibey family empire. In 1812, she founded a bigger warehouse in George Street, Sydney, and with the acquisition of further merchant vessels, she began to grow her sailing and trade activities. She obtained land grants for her two eldest sons in Van Diemen ‘s Territory and started to exchange widely with investments there. By 1817, the year she turned forty, Mary Reibey was projected to be worth around three and a half million dollars today. Three years later, she controlled a thousand acres of land and properties. In 1820, Mary left Sydney and sailed to England with her two eldest daughters. It would have been seen as a once young convict thief that had turned into a wealthy and respected success story.

Although Mary died with none of her children out living her, she still had many grandchildren. She died at the age of 78. Over that period of time that she arrived the colony was only 4 years old and had changed a great deal. Mary was not only a woman, but a mother, wife, pioneer, leading businesswomen, entrepreneur but she played a key role in the trade in colonizing Australia. Her story was a very poor girl terns rich girl story. Being a woman that made such a big impact was not common in this era. Which is why she is on $20 note to this very day.

Mary Reibey was a woman of many talents and occupations in her long life. Mary got the life she deserved but no one would have thought she would get. Mary very much deserved being on the $20 note and she earned all of it. The era that she was born and died in was not use to the major success of a woman which made it all so much more that Mary ended up the way she did with such success and drive to be a key component on our history.

References

1. Anu.edu.au. (2020a). Biography – Francis Grose – Australian Dictionary of Biography. [online] Available at: http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/grose-francis-2130 [Accessed 19 Aug. 2020].
2. Anu.edu.au. (2020b). Biography – Mary Reibey – Australian Dictionary of Biography. [online] Available at: http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/reibey-mary-2583 [Accessed 19 Aug. 2020].
3. Deakin.edu.au. (2013). The Settler Evolution: Space, Place and Memory in Early Colonial Australia – ProQuest. [online] Available at: https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy-b.deakin.edu.au/docview/1470090796?accountid=10445 [Accessed 24 Aug. 2020].
4. Ebscohost.com. (2015a). The Cambridge History of Australia, Volumes 1 and 2.: Deakin University Library Search. [online] Available at: https://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=15&sid=70a62691-9542-433a-a525-9efaa2978bc9%40sdc-v-sessmgr01 [Accessed 24 Aug. 2020].
5. Ebscohost.com. (2015b). The Lake Innes Estate: Privilege and Servitude in Nineteenth-Century Australia. Deakin University Library Search. [online] Available at: https://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=38&sid=70a62691-9542-433a-a525-9efaa2978bc9%40sdc-v-sessmgr01 [Accessed 24 Aug. 2020].
6. Ebscohost.com. (2015c). The Sydney Wars: Conflict in the Early Colony, 1788-1817.: Deakin University Library Search. [online] Available at: https://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=33&sid=70a62691-9542-433a-a525-9efaa2978bc9%40sdc-v-sessmgr01 [Accessed 24 Aug. 2020].
7. Gilchrist, C. (2016). Mary Reibey | The Dictionary of Sydney. [online] Dictionaryofsydney.org. Available at: https://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/mary_reibey [Accessed 19 Aug. 2020].
8. Karskens, G. (2013a). The Early Colonial Presence, 1788–1822. The Cambridge History of Australia, [online] pp.91–120. Available at: https://www-cambridge-org.ezproxy-b.deakin.edu.au/core/books/cambridge-history-of-australia/early-colonial-presence-17881822/164E0BA456E45C53695836BC2821BCC9 [Accessed 24 Aug. 2020].
9. Shibboleth Authentication Request. [online] Available at: https://www-publish-csiro-au.ezproxy-f.deakin.edu.au/MF/pdf/MF18372 [Accessed 24 Aug. 2020].
10. Reserve Bank of Australia. 2016. Notable Australians: Historical Figures Portrayed on Australian Banknotes, Reserve Bank of Australia, Sydney. Available at https://museum.rba.gov.au/exhibitions/notable-australians/pdf/notable-australians.pdf#page=22 [Accessed 19 Aug. 2020].
11. Walsh, G.P. 1967. ‘Reibey, Mary (1777-1855)’, Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Available at http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/reibey-mary-2583 [Accessed 19 Aug. 2020].

“Death is a great enemy and robber in my profession, taking away so many of my friends over the years, all of them young”. Chuck had a dangerous job, he was a pilot in World War II and half of his friends were either killed in the war or in testing planes for the USAAF and from that, he was facing death every day. Chuck grew up on a farm and right out of high school, enlisted to become a pilot. He received many accolades for his war efforts in World War II. Chuck Yeager, most well known for being the first man to break the speed of sound, was admirable not only for his bravery, intelligence, and determination, but also because he believed in himself and was the youngest person the make it into the Air Hall of Fame.

Chuck Yeager was always known as a great and respective kid and student. Chuck Yeager was born on February 23, 1923, in Myra, West Virginia Hills. Yeager was a very active kid and would like to fish and hunt on the normal. Chuck was a competitive and outgoing kid. He would be brave enough to just swing across a swimming hole with a vine. Chuck also made his own bobsleds as a kid, and when a skid happened, he said that he knew how to fly. At the age of eighteen, he graduated high school and right away enlisted into the Army. Chuck was very determined, and admirable to just go into the USAAF right out of high school.

Chuck Yeager’s family was not the richest people. Chucks parents worked day and night throughout the week, sometimes they would just have cornbread and milk for the whole day. Later off in Chuck’s career, he joined a school called the Air Command and Staff School and graduated in 1952. He then went into the Air War College and graduated from that school in 1961. Him going through all of this just shows how outgoing, determined, and admirable he is to just get things done.

Chuck Yeager family was quite large. When Chuck was born, he was the second out of five children. Chuck described his father, Albert as a prankster, a marksman and also a hard worker. Albert worked as a natural gas driller and a moonshine brewer. Chuck’s father would get home late Friday and leave Sunday. Chuck said that his father “would work like a dog and never complain”. Chuck was determined to help his family and would admirably work around the house. In Chuck Yeager’s family, he also described his mother Susie as a big boned person and did not mess around. He also said that she was a Christian and if someone would get out of place, she would get then right. Chucks Father Albert apparently has a mechanic skill and Chuck inherited that skill which would help him later in his career.

Chuck, later on, married his wife Glennis Faye Dickhouse, born February 26, 1945. Chuck had four children and each of their names was, Sharen, Susan, Donald, and Michael. In 1990 Glennis Yeager ended up dying, ten years later. Chuck met a woman named Victoria Scott D’Angelo, 41. At the age of 80, Chuck ended up marrying Victoria. Daughter Susan lived next door and did a background check and found multiple lawsuits and restraining orders in the past. Chuck ended up changing his deed to Victoria and Susan went to court the get sue the offspring for stealing money from Chuck. Chuck was a very intelligent person, he was able to pick up the mechanical skill quickly and admirably.

Chuck Yeager started his career by joining the USAAF. Chuck Yeager enlisted in 1941 and when he joined, he was a private. He had never seen the inside of an airplane before joining the Army Air Force. Yeager became a flight officer in 1923, which is a non-commissioned officer who could pilot the aircraft. The last two years of the war he went to England to fly fighter missions into Germany and France. At the age of twenty-two, Chuck shot down two German fighters in his first eight missions. Chuck was a very brave person, he admirably enlisted right of high school to help with the war effort.

Chuck Yeager continued his career as a USAAF pilot. On the ninth mission of Chuck’s career, Chuck was shot down by Germans that occupied France and they used ‘Flak’ (anti-air gun). He was jailed briefly in Spain and was able to get out with determination and a small saw that was hidden in his pilot uniform. After escaping from Spain, he headed back to England where he flew fighters in Normandy. On November 6, Yeager shot down the Germans new jet the FW-190 in a P-51 a propeller fighter. On November 20, Chuck Yeager bravely and admirably shot down four FW-190’s and at the end of the war at age twenty-two, he shot down thirteen ½ planes.

After the war, Chuck continued his career in the army and became a test pilot. The army developed a new plane called the X-1 and Chuck flew it and ended up reaching 0.9 Mach, and after multiple flights, he got closer and closer. Yeager went horseback riding, fell and broke some ribs. Chuck kept his injuries as a secret from his superiors the next morning and went into the plane, he was having trouble closing the door of the plane so he used a broomstick to close it. The plane was inside the belly of a B-29 bomber where he was released at 26,000 feet, and on October 14, Yeager was the first man to break the speed of sound at reaching .96 Mach. Later on, in his career as a test pilot he flew hundreds of missions but where one he flew a plane that went to 108,000 feet where it spun out of control, and violently spun Chuck, Chuck then ended up ejecting from the plane and suffered burn injuries to his left side of face and lower body, he was in the hospital for a week. In 1969, he became a Brigadier General and then retired in 1975 being the most famous pilot. Chuck Yeager was very admirable, he was brave enough to go into aircraft with a broken a rib and was determined to finish the test.

Chuck Yeager is known for many admirable things. First off Chuck was the first man to fly faster than the speed of sound, multiple volunteered and some died due to accidents but Chuck was the one that survived and accomplished this task. Chuck did the history-making flight on the early of October 14, 1947. In 1973 Chuck was enshrined into the Aviation Hall of Fame and was the youngest aviator ever to make it in. At the end of the war at the mere age of just twenty-two, Yeager admirably shot down thirteen and a half German fighter planes, Chuck also shared one victory with another pilot. Chuck Yeager bravely and admirably shot down thirteen planes by himself. Yeager continued to do admirable things, he broke his records in the aviation world, again and again. He broke his record of 1 Mach, to an astounding 1.65 Mach. He later continued to break records over and over again throughout his 15 years as a test pilot. In 1984, Chuck received the Purple Heart, and the Silver Star, and also many other medals like the presidential medal of freedom. Throughout Chucks, he was in plenty of scary situations, one of those situations was the scariest of them all. Chuck was testing a new plane and the plane went out of control 70,000 and dropped 50,000 feet, and he was able to regain control and land which most pilots could not do. Chuck Yeager did many admirable things throughout his lifetime, for just his bravery and determination in the war effort and the allied troops on the ground.

Chuck Yeager then retired later on in his lifetime. Chuck Yeager on his 50th anniversary, he flew an F-15D Eagle and went past Mach 1 once again on October 14, 1997. During retirement, he also served as a consultant for the USAF and continued flying till the age of 74. Chuck is one of the famous pilots became the face of ‘AC Delco Automotive Parts Division’. When Chuck finally retired, he was annoyed that no planes flew over his retirement speaking. Chuck, later on, started his own consulting firm, advising aircraft manufacturing and also had a movie based on him that came out in 1983 which made him even more famous. Chuck also did numerous television commercials for multiple companies including Delco Matters. In doing all of this, Chuck only showed how determined and admirable he was in his career, even though he was still in the Air Force at the age of 74.

Chuck did plenty of admirable things throughout his life. From him breaking the speed of sound and the first ever person to do it. To him winning the Purple Heart and the Presidential Medal. Chuck showed plenty of dedication and hard work towards the Airforce. Without Chuck, we could have lost wars in the future or not have even developed supersonic planes to where we are now. Chuck also showed we can do the impossible, by breaking the speed of sound. He showed we can do anything if we put our mind to it.

Paul Revere was born in Boston, Massachusetts on December 21, 1734 or January 1, 1734 with the modern calendar. Paul’s father Apollos Rivoire, who later changed his name to Paul Revere. Revere was a Huguenot refugee who arrived in Boston as a youth. He became an apprentice as a silversmith, these skills were later passed on to his son, Paul Revere, who later became one of Americas most talented artists to create pieces in silver. Paul was given a fairly decent education allowing him to later read the complex metallurgical books. When Paul was nineteen years of age, his father passed away. Paul had to take over his father’s shop to care for his very large family. Paul had crafted surgical instruments, he sold spectacles, and was a dentist replacing missing teeth. He also engraved in copper plates. His most famous engraving was an illustration based on his interpretation of the Boston Massacre, or Bloody Massacre.

In September of 1760, Paul Revere joined the Masonic Lodge of St. Andrew. Here he met many patriot activists like Joseph Warren, James Otis, and John Hancock. Paul had quickly become involved with the activities of the American Revolution. In the fall of 1774, Paul had established one of the first spy rings in America used to keep track of the British troop movements. The Mechanics were eventually breached by a British secret agent who was working for General Thomas Gage. It was later discovered that it was Dr. Benjamin Church, who was sent to spy. Paul’s second job was being a courier for the Boston Committee of Public Safety, this job is what led to his well-known midnight ride. On April 16, 1775, Paul Revere rode to Concord to tell the patriots to move their military stores, that of which were in danger by the British soldiers, who were on the move. Two days later, on April 18, 1775, Dr. Joseph Warren ordered Paul Revere and William Dawes to travel into Lexington, Massachusetts and alert John Hancock, Samuel Adams and local militia of approaching British soldiers. This ride later was written as poetry by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow titled ‘Paul Revere’s Ride’. After the Revolutionary War started, Paul served as a lieutenant colonel in the Massachusetts State Train of Artillery and he commanded Castle Island in the harbor. Paul’s military career was very unremarkable his career concluded with the Penobscot Expedition in 1779, which he disobeyed his orders. He was charged with insubordination and was instructed to resign his command of Castle Island and was temporarily under house arrest. Paul claimed that the event was not his fault, so he wrote a letter to General William Health on October 24, 1779, protesting that his fellow patriots were plotting against him. He was eventually sent to court in 1782, and the fiasco brought a permanent halt in his military career.

When the revolution ended, Paul grew his business and exported his products to England. For a short time, he ran a hardware store and his own foundry, where he made bolts, spikes, and nails for nearby ships, he also made cannons and cast belts. Paul opened Americas first copper rolling mill in 1801. In 1803, he produced copper sheeting for the hull of the US Constitution, the dome of the Massachusetts State House. He continued to work into his elderly age until he retired in 1813 at age 76. On May 10, 1818, Paul Revere died of old age and was laid to rest at Boston’s Granary Burying Grounds.

Paul Revere was a hero because he risked his life for the colonists in Concord and Lexington to tell them that the British or the ‘Regulars’ (which is a term used to describe British soldiers that were on the move) were coming. Paul was left to care for his family after his father died and that was a huge responsibility for a nineteen-year-old to take on while also possibly grieving his father’s death. Paul was also a stellar artist and made marvelous hand-engraved pieces.

Reference

1. Britannica, T. Information Architects of Encyclopedia (2021, October 22). Paul Revere. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/facts/Paul-Revere

George Washington is remembered for being one of the highest major and well-known leader and one of the founding fathers of the United States of America. George Washington today is remembered as having high morale who was an honourable man.George Washington fought in 9 battles i.e battle in New York 1776, battle in New Jersey 1776 at Trenton. George Washington had three parts of leadership, he was a commander in chief on the side of the Continental Army, he was president for the constitutional and last he was the very first President of the United States of America. However was George Washington a good leader? How do we know if he was commended for his leadership or if he was known to be a tyrannical leader through the roles he had been given.

Before we question if George Washington was a tyrannical leader or the leader he was most remembered as in history books, we have to look at his early life and why he joined the military. George Washington was born on February 22, 1732, at Westmoreland County in Pope’s Creek at his family’s plantation. When Washington was a teenager he had displayed a high level of knowledge towards Mathematics as well as becoming a successful surveyor because of this surveying skills he earned money and acquired territory for himself. he had obtained a large homestead at the Potomac. At the time. At the time when George was eight years old, he would watch his older step-brother, Lawrence joined the British navy and would become a commissioned commander, George would watch the drills his brother make plans with Lawrence’s comrades on arms which were made for war. Washington military career officially began in 1752, Governor Dinwiddie assigned Washington to be a district adjutant for the Virginia militia and acquired the rank of major. Dinwiddie had noticed Washington’s ability to handle the job, although he was very young. From Dinwiddie’s observation of George Washington, he saw that he was efficient, dependable, and courageous.

The British and French started having disputes with ownership of some land in Ohio Valley. The arguments spun out into war and are recognised as the French Indian War. in 1753, the French started to develop forts all throughout the Ohio Valley, This troubled the British, in particular with the British colonists who invested in land for the Ohio Valley. Dinwiddie began to demand the French to leave the land because it was owned by the British. Washington would end up meeting the French, he would give them a letter asking them to leave from the forts. Washington had the job to determine the number of soldiers the French had and he also had discussions with local Native American leaders/tribes to form an alliance opposing the French, Washington also had the task of being a spy. Washington would lead a group of six men he would lead them to the French fort called ‘Fort Le Boeuf’ he would proceed to give them Governor Dinwiddie’s letter, Washington would return back to Dinwiddie with completing the assignment he gave information about the French fort, troops, and outposts.

On April 18, 1754, This would be the beginning of George Washington’s military career of being the first American commander in chief, Washington had started marching his soldiers on the way to the borderline. Washington had a small company of 159 men, with a small number of supplies, once the men arrived, Washington spotted a French scouting party which was led by, Joseph Coulon de Jumonville. Washington was concerned about Jumonville because he was planning an attack, Washington realised this and showing courage and leadership decided to strike first, the men effectively ambushed the small group. George’s Native American ally, Tanaghrission would murder Jumonville.

Following these events, the French would attack Washington’s forces, Washington would lose control of “Fort Necessity”. George would end up surrendering on July 4th the French had signed a confession for the assassination of Jumonville. This War ended in 1763 by the signing of “The Treaty of Paris”. From these sources, we learn that Washington cared for his men and their lives, by surrendering to the French saving 400 men. Washington had shown leadership in the battle of Monongahela, George had joined Major General Edward Braddock when they were advancing to “Fort Duquesne”, Braddock’s had 1,300 in strength when they were suddenly attacked by an inferior Native and French division, many of the British officers had been killed or wounded, George had ridden into the war zone to take orders he had helped rebuild a proportion of order. Washington’s leadership would help a great deal of the injured men and men who survived, Washington would help them flee. After this battle, Washington was named as “Hero of Monongahela” from Robert Dinwiddie, he was promoted to colonel command. George had learnt a lot of essential things from the French Indian war from his experiences he had learnt how to read military manuals, treaties, and military histories. From this war, it taught him how to manage supplies, to distribute military justice and how to command.

On dawn April 19, 1775, the American Revolutionary War had begun at the ‘Battle of Lexington’ between 700 British redcoats and 77 Minutemen, this had brought extreme tension between the American settlements and the British government. Following several years, George Washington left the British army permanently, Washington says in a letter that his greatest honour in life was serving in command to the gentlemen who made him happy in his company, this source of information provides us with an understanding of how much George would put into helping them by being a role model and a great commander.

In June 1775, Congress ranked Washington to be in charge of the Continental Army to surround the British army, Washington had limited knowledge of commanding large forces, but with that little experience, he was successful. By the time George became commander, his army was more of an armed mob than an effective fighting force. The men had little training or experience in any military training, Washington was ready to handle the training, Washington’s goal was to make these men well-disciplined soldiers. This would take many months to enforce his hierarchy and drilling wit the wild troops. following a period of 6 years of hardship and disappointment George started to turn things around winning many significant battles and making Britain surrender. On 28 June 1776, George Washington was in charge of seventeen thousand soldiers, ten thousand Continentals, and seven thousand militiamen and from who had a little amount of experience fighting in major battles. Washington’s soldiers had estimated 130 British ships which had British general on board Sir William Howe, and thousands of British RedCoats. Before June 1776, Washington appointed Charles Lee to inspect New York City’s defence before the British attack came Washington knew that the Hudson River-Lake was important for the American side, Washingon recognised that if the British had taken over New York City, it would be a threat to the communication line of New England and the rebelling colonies. Washington and Charles came up with a plan for the troops to be placed all around New York and be ready to fight. On July 2, the day the Congress voted for independence, The British would make their way through the narrows and anchor fifty ships on Staten Island. The British General Howe waited until the middle of August to attack the city. This interlude would give Washington time to move his forces South to face the British forces. The Redcoats had a planned attack formed by Henry Clinton, the plan was for most of Howe’s forces to advance to the Eastern Flank of the American lines. The outcome was disastrous for the American soldiers which Their defence would be killed off briskly. At the end of August Washington ordered his troops to evacuate from Long Island and help with Manhattan’s defence. The British planned another attack but this time it was at Kip’s Bay. On September 15, the British troops fired shots from their ships and march onto the shore. Majority of the Continental soldiers and militiamen freaked out and abandoned their position. Washington to control of his troops and inspire the troops the next day at Harlem Heights, pushing three British regiments of light infantry. Although this battle was not important Washington gained respect from the Continental army, although this battle was not important

Washington showed tremendous courage and his unwilling ambition to not give up and let the British soldiers through. Washington once made a big decision and sent his troops south were the British army under command by Cornwallis, who was stationed at Yorktown, Virginia. Washington was planning an attack designed to the battle of Yorktown which was a daring move by Washington since the decisions he made for the battle had made for the battle of Trenton and Princeton which Washington won both that was a monumental victory for Washington and his troops.Washington’s plan was to place a siege to Cornwallis. On October 19, 1781, Washington accepted Cornwallis’s surrender of all his forces. Two years they waited for a peace treaty to be finished, with Washington’s victory of Yorktown this would put an end to the Revolutionary War. When Washington was in charge of the unprofessional Continental Army he had to undergo many adversities and having to deal with lots of failures and still, Washington would overcome these things. Washington as a military general had many traits he was tough, brave, and being well organised helped him to be put in command. On December 23, 1783, Washington represented himself in front of the Congress at Annapolis, Maryland, and he renounced from his commission. After this he left to go back home to Mount Vernon where he would never again serve.

George Washington’s generalship was significant to the development of the young growing country. From the sources that were used we know that Washington was a military and revolutionary hero, we also, know he was a man of principle an honour. George Washington generalship was successful he had a key role in three events which formed the United States of America with leading men in the French Indian war and Revolutionary war and his role as president, and with gaining all of this authority he never abused this power, was well-liked among the American people he was voted to be president twice.

Although Washington had experienced many defeats from these defeats he learned to never give up. Washington generalship has been successful through fighting and defeating larger and better equipped countries and Washington and most important George Washington helping give America independence from Great Britain, These sources tell us that George was not a tyrannical leader but a monumental leader, George should be remembered as a great commander and an idealized president.

At this point, permit us to say that we are about to take you to school! History class to be precise! Martha Jefferson is such an important part of the American history that it would be a sin not to be acquainted with this enigmatic figure. To the well-acquainted history students, she is known to have been the first lady of the state of Virginia as she was married to Thomas Jefferson who was the Governor of the State of Virginia from 1779 to 1781. Although she died at a young age of 33, she made a huge impact in the world of American politics and even art as she was a fine reader and embroiderer. From her complicated family, to her marriage, her kids and finally her death, this is a woman we should definitely be talking about and you made the best decision by clicking this article.

Her full name is Martha Skelton Jefferson and she was born on the 30th of October, 1748 in Charles City, Virginia, British America. She was the first child born of her parents although she later had other half siblings. Her father’s name was John Wayles and he is popularly known in the books as a slave trader, attorney, business agent and even a planter. He was born in England although he migrated to The Colony of Virginia when he was only 19 years old. Her mother’s name was Martha Eppes and was a widow when she got married to John Wayles.

Evidence from documentation suggests that she was a brilliant writer and even has her signature on the cover page of the book The Adventures of Telemachus which is currently a part of the Library of Congress collection. Martha Eppes also brought a number of slaves that she had inherited into her marriage including an African woman who was named Suzanne and had an 11-year-old daughter named Betty. After her death, these slaves were eventually inherited by her daughter Martha Jefferson who brought them into the Jefferson household.

Martha Jefferson’s father, John Wayles got married twice following the death of his first wife. After her death, he got married to a woman named Tabitha Cocke who died shortly after. Following that, he married another woman names Elizabeth Lomax Skelton and she died barely a year after their marriage. Although he never remarried after the death of his third wife, sources claim that he made Betty, one of his slaves to be his concubine and the two of them produced 6 children in 12 years. This makes the children born of this union half siblings with the woman whom this article is about, Martha Jefferson.

Back to Martha Jefferson. She had her first marriage when she was only 18 years old and this was to an attorney in Virginia named Bathurst Skelton in 1766. He died in 1767 after an illness of sudden onset. Her second marriage, however, which is better known was to Thomas Jefferson and the couple reportedly met in 1768. Interestingly, Martha Jefferson and Thomas Jefferson were third cousins.

Thomas Jefferson is one of America’s founding father. He was the third president of the United states from 1801 to 1809 and from 1805 to 1809. George Clinton was his Vice President. Previous to that, he had served as the second Vice President of the United States under the government of John Adams. He was also the first ever United States Secretary of State from 1790 to 1793. From 1779 to 1781, he served as the second governor of the State of Virginia and it was during this time that he was married to Martha Jefferson. It’s sad that she never saw him become president.

The marriage of Martha and Thomas Jefferson produced a total of six children although only one child survived past the age of 26 years. This child was the eldest child called Martha Jefferson. The third child, a son died barely 17 days after childbirth and wasn’t even given a name yet.

Reflecting on the personality of this woman, all we rely on are accounts from eyewitnesses. These witnesses testified that Martha Jefferson was a lovely woman who was well educated and very courteous. She stood at an average height of above 5 feet and was constantly reading. There are no available pictures of Martha.

Martha Jefferson struggled with her health during her marriage and this was mostly due to child bearing. She died on the 6th of September, 4 months after the birth of her last child and she requested her husband never to get married again. After her death, he honored this request.

Gregor Mendel was born on July 22, 1822, and died on January 6, 1884. He was raised in a rural environment. His academic strength was exhibited at a remarkably young age by local priests, who convinced his parents that he was qualified to attend school. Mendel soon demonstrated substantial intelligence in subjects regarding physics and mathematics at the University of Olmütz. Though he found prosperity in school, he often endured financial challenges, as his family was incapable of providing the right amount of money. Likewise, he consistently worked vigorously by tutoring other students in order to make a sufficient amount of money. Through all this distress, Mendel suffered severe depression, causing him to possess a bad outlook on life.

Though Mendel’s father expected him to take over their small farm, he took matters into his own hands by moving to Brünn, where he became a priest, but soon after adjusted to a teaching position. However, he was sent to the University of Vienna to partake in a two-year science program due to his failure to pass an exam implemented by the new legislation for teacher certification. Within those years, he studied the anatomy and physiology of plants and ways to oversee specimens under a microscope. Though he went back to teaching to attempt the exam once again, he failed due to several nervous breakdowns. Nonetheless, these years were the most successful regarding learning and interpreting different strands of biology.

Mendel is highly recognized for his honorary article dubbed ‘Experiments of Plant Hybrids’, which expressed the garden pea and common bean experiments he conducted. This helped him identify several characteristics of hybrids in order to trace the mechanisms of hereditary components from hybrid progeny. Even though the paper is more than 150 years old, it is still broadly studied due to its comprehensive expertise that can be used for education and furthering experiments in the modern era. Additionally, Mendel used his results from hybrid progeny to further his results on the cell theory associated with fertilization. He concluded that the hybrid must have momentary accommodations in two contrasting characteristics when they form germ cells, which is now identified as the law of segregation.

To conclude, it is evident that Mendel has established many of the foundational interpretations of genetics, leading him to be known as the founder of genetics. Though Mendel’s efforts were not appreciated while he was alive, his work was more accessible and helpful in the 1900s from the rare historical sources that knew about his work. Mendel’s inventive prospect is still admired today and is noted in several textbooks that focus on genetics.

References

1. Dijk, P. J. van, Weissing, F. J., & Ellis, T. H. N. (2018, October 1). How Mendel’s Interest in Inheritance Grew out of Plant Improvement. Retrieved from https://www.genetics.org/content/210/2/347
2. Gregor Mendel. (2019). In Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved from https://school.eb.com/levels/high/article/Gregor-Mendel/51973

Mary McLeod Bethune was a very influential African American woman during the times in the 1900s. I like to think that Mary had her own dream for women. Mary knew she was going to be known, and she also knew she was going to change the world one day. Mary was one of the first-born free members of her family. Mary also was the only one here to afford a formal education. Mary was one of the most important black educators civil and women’s rights leaders, and government officials of the twentieth century.

On July 10, 1875, Mary was born in Maysville, South Carolina. Which was soon after the emancipation proclamation which so-called ‘ended slavery’. Mary was married in 1898, but just a year after marriage, she had her very first child, which was 1899.

Mary had a lot of accomplishments in her long lifetime. At this time many African American children didn’t have opportunities to go to school. Mary was able to get a scholarship to further her education. Mary was one of the first students in her whole class to graduate from the 8th grade. Also, let’s not forget that in 1904 Mary open her school for negro girls called ‘Daytona Educational and Industrial School’. Mary had a passion to educate and empower young African women, so this is the reason why she opened her school. Mary’s school soon became co-educational and turned into Bethune-Cookman College in Florida. Mary believed that education was the key to racial advancement. Today her school is a well-known university still located in Florida, also her school is an HBCU, which is known as a historically black college/university.

In 1935, Mary was called by President Roosevelt to serve as a special advisor to the NYA, which is the National Youth Administration, and she soon became a director.

Mary was an advocate for African American women. Mary fought for women to have equal rights just as men. When the Second World War broke out, Mary told Roosevelt of the importance of African American women serving the country. Mary soon after worked with the women’s army corps to help recruit African American women. Also in 1935, Mary collected and preserved African American women’s history.

Mary knew that we women had more to do with our lives than just staying at home with kids and cook and cleaning. Mary made it possible for us women today. Not only did Mary open a lot of doors for us, but she made sure they remained open. Mary made it possible for women to dream about more than cooking and cleaning, but about being the first black to do this or this. Mary took one little or shall say many steps for women, but a huge leap for African American women. Mary will always be known for her life-long achievements.

One of Mary’s quotes that I saw while writing this essay will stick with me forever and really struck a chord with me: “Without faith nothing is possible, with faith nothing is impossible”. Mary always had faith in her fellow women and faith in education also. Mary died in 1955 of a heart attack at age of 79.

J.K. Rowling is already so famous for her award-winning books that there’s almost no question about who she is. She’s known for her book series, which talked about a character named Harry Potter and this magical world outside of normal London. J.K. Rowling’s full name is Joanne Rowling, and she was born on July 31st, 1965. She was born in Yate, Gloucestershire. Her father Peter was an aircraft engineer in Bristol while her mother Anne was a science technician in the chemistry department at Wyedean Comprehensive. Unfortunately, Joanne’s mother, Anne, was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis and died in 1990. At that time, J.K. Rowling was writing the Harry Potter series, and didn’t tell her mother that either.

Growing Up as a Child

J.K. Rowling had a normal childhood, but she got teased by her ingenious friends that used to call her ‘rowling pin’. Also, she was great in academics and was passionate for learning. She started writing at the age of 6. The first book she wrote was named ‘Rabbit’. She didn’t really have a problem with her name but she had a fondness for the name Potter, thus her main character’s name being Harry Potter. The ‘K’ in J.K. Rowling stands for Kathleen, which was the first name of her grandmother. The name was suggested by the publisher, which said that the book won’t be so famous if the name J.K. Rowling was a woman’s name and won’t be enjoyed by boys and girls alike. J.K. Rowling grew up in Gloucestershire, England and in Chepstow, Gwent in South East Wales, and she moved there at the age of 9. Rowling studied at St. Michael’s Primary school, and at Wyedean School and College for secondary school.

Adulthood

Rowling’s further education was at the University of Exeter. J.K. Rowling left England to go to Portugal to become an English teacher, which was her first job. She worked as a teacher, author, film producer, philanthropist, screenwriter, novelist and television producer. When she went to Portugal, she met her future spouse Jorge Arantes and married him (1992-1933). Her current husband is Neil Murray (2001-now). J.K. Rowling has 3 children, ranging from 15 years to 26 years. Jessica Isabel Rowling Arantes, David Gordon Rowling Murray and Mackenzie Jean Rowling Murray. At this time when Jessica was born, Rowling was undergoing the most difficult time of her life. After getting kicked out of the house, she ended up leaving everything and lived in a cramped apartment. She used to get Jessica to sleep, and then start working on her books. She only hoped to get something out of her books, someday. Life in her country was normal: reading books and writing books.

J.K. Rowling’s Becoming Famous

Since Rowling was 6, she was a ‘bookworm’ and loved books. Rowling became famous when she released the first novel of Harry Potter, which was named ‘Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone’. This book became a record-breaking hit; it became popular so fast. She thought of making the book series in 1990 when she was sitting in a delayed train.

Who knew a woman who lived in a cramped apartment and was struggling to pay for everything could end up being a millionaire? We all know her, and she’s famous worldwide. The seven years which were the most difficult years changed her life. Look at her now, a successful author still writing books to her comfort. J.K. Rowling definitely had many exciting times, she has got so many awards. She became famous worldwide, and was respected everywhere. She received so many awards, including the Nestle Smarties Book Prize (gold) three times, the National Book Award, and the Legion d’Honneur which was presented by the French president himself.

Living Life Now

J.K. Rowling currently lives in the 162-acre Killiechassie estate near Aberfeldy in Scotland and is now 54 years old. Now she lives a peaceful life, reads and writes books, gets fame.

Mark Cuban is a bright individual who defines all characteristics of an entrepreneur and has found his way into many different businesses. He is well known as the owner of the basketball team of the National Basketball Association team, Dallas Mavericks, and a host on the TV show ‘Shark Tank’. He has started multiple business ventures and retains many entrepreneurial attributes as well as he is a natural born leader, which has made him the successful business man he is today. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1958, he created his wealth and success through his two start-ups in 1990’s called MicroSolutions and Broadcast.com.

Cuban was nurtured in a working-class family and was taught to always have a hard working and driven attitude. At the young age of 12, he already showed signs of entrepreneurial skills in the nature of his personality. At that age he would go door to door in his neighborhood selling garbage bags in order to pay for a pair of expensive basketball shoes that he wanted to get. He always took matters into his own hands, in order to afford his college tuition, he sold stamps to make money and attend college, this is an example that Mark has strong internal locus of control. Cuban is a serial entrepreneur because he never stopped thinking of new business opportunities, starting off with his IT start-ups and now has his hands in numerous different businesses. When he lived in Dallas in an apartment with six guys all sleeping on the floor, he had a dream part of the 10 D’s, that one day he would be successful, he would drive around almost every night to look at the big houses and imagine himself living there which he used as motivation to fulfill his imagination. Before Mark began his first two start-ups: MicroSolutions, a software selling company, and ‘Broadcast.com’, an Internet radio station to watch sports all around the world. The triggering event that led to those was him getting fired from another software selling company for not listening to the instructions his boss would give him. It was at that point when he realized he wanted to be his own boss and that determination resulted into his first company, MicroSolutions, to be successful.

A skill that Cuban possesses that makes him a great businessman is his ability to point out potential and take advantage of opportunities. An example of this is when he got fired from the software company, he fueled that anger into motivation to create his own software company by getting a loan of $500 dollars from a customer he brought with him from the company that fired him to his own. His first company became very successful and he sold it for $6.6 million, which brought him a lifetime of travelling the world and retirement. After MicroSolutions, Cuban and a university friend, Todd Wagner, saw an opportunity as the .com boom had started in 1995. Cuban knew that the Internet would change the way people saw the world. His idea was durable because more people were starting to use the Internet and incorporate computers into their lives. Broadcast.com came at the right time since people would be able to listen to radio shows more clearly instead of turning a knob for a frequency. This webcasting website allowed people to view college basketball and it became a huge hit in the sports world. The growth was enormous, within 3 years the company had 330 employees and $13.5 million in revenue by 1999. By Cuban creating this company he identified an unmet need and came up with the 10-fold solution to satisfy that need. He created this company at such a perfect time when the Internet was just starting to evolve more rapidly than ever. He saw the opportunity, took advantage of it and sold the company to Yahoo for $6 billion. This ability of spotting out potential can be seen on TV series ‘Shark Tank’, where Mark invests into countless of new entrepreneurs and their companies. In 2000, Cuban purchased stake of the Dallas Mavericks, he saw an opening in this NBA franchise and took the opportunity a great example of an agent of change. He saw that this team was not doing their best at the time because of its poor personnel decisions and poor coaches with not much experience. Once he took over there were drastic changes made, his strong passion for basketball was clear as he revamped the culture of the team, built a new stadium and made the players feel good.

Mark Cuban also founded a company called HDNet in 2001, he joined the entertainment industry because he identified the opportunity to be a part of HDNet by studying trends and finding gaps in the marketplace. Cuban had noticed that consumers went from buying DVD’s to watching movies at home over the Internet. Cuban was able to offer people the choice of staying at home and still being able to watch movies anytime with HDNet Movies, it was a $20 monthly fee instead of paying $20 for one DVD. The gap that Cuban found was that no other company in the market at that time had offered high definition and quick releases of movies. Unknowingly, Mark followed the steps of the S curve, he started off young selling stamps and garbage bags to earn extra money, he faced challenges like getting fired for not following instructions which seemed to set him back, but he found a way to keep going, get motivated and strive for what he actually wanted to do in life.

As the father of three children, Mark admires and cares about young people and constantly loves to share the lessons he has learnt on his journey to success. This is part of the reason he had joined the TV show ‘Shark Tank’. He continues to invest in up-and-coming businesses that have lots of potential and to be able to share his insightful ideas. From Mark himself: “I love entrepreneurship because that’s what makes this country grow. And if I can help companies grow, I’m setting the foundation for future generations. It sends the message that the American Dream is alive and well”.

In conclusion, there are many aspects of entrepreneurship we can learn from Mark, a serial entrepreneur that is always on the hunt for the next business venture. He shows us that being a successful entrepreneur is not easy, the time you spend every day is so important. In order to be the next Mark Cuban, you have to have the same determination to find the next big thing and demonstrate superior work ethic to beat the next best guy. You should have the confidence to be the smartest person in the room when it comes to your business. When Mark worked on his first business, he invested all of his time to make his ideas come to reality, he taught himself any new technology that was being introduced. He showed me that it is never too late, if you have an idea but cannot find how to make it successful, work hard and learn what you need to do to make it happen. He is truly inspirational to me and I hope to possibly see myself one day in front of the ‘sharks’ getting him to invest in my future company.

References

1. Jacobson, B. (2018, March 24). Mark Cuban’s Life Story Is the Real American Dream. In cnbc. Retrieved February 5, 2020, from https://www.cnbc.com/2018/03/23/mark-cubans-life-story-is-the-real-american-dream.html
2. Mark Cuban. (2019, October 24). In Biography. Retrieved February 5, 2020, from https://www.biography.com/business-figure/mark-cuban
3. Ross, S. (2019, October). Mark Cuban Success Story: Net Worth, Education & Top Quotes. In Investopedia. Retrieved February 5, 2020, from https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/082415/mark-cuban-success-story-networth-education-top-quotes.asp
4. Verma, V. (2014, August). In Calling Dreams. Retrieved February 5, 2020, from https://callingdreams.com/success-story-of-mark-cuban/
5. Billionaire Mark Cuban Reveals How ‘Shark Tank’ Has Shaped the Way He Does Business, and Why ‘Sales Cures All’ (2019, June). In Your Story . Retrieved February 5, 2020, from https://yourstory.com/2019/06/billionaire-mark-cuban-shark-tank-entrepreneurship-tips