Category: Athletes

INTRODUCTION

Sports are one of the main components of life. It kind of dissappeared in the 20th century because of the technology. Esspecially that in the greek history olympic games were played every five years and at their time it was called olympia. But it also helped students to be anxoius and easily relax everywhere and anytime. A person who plys sports has a life style that includes light physical activities associated with their everyday life. A moderately active person performs 150 minuetes of moderate physical activities, like walking or cycling, per week. An active person performs more vigorous sports, such as hiking, jogging, or playing tennis or basketball, 75 minuetes a week[“U.S. department of agriculture, dietary guidelines for americans.”] and this should keep the students’ bodies fit and healthy.

KEY FINDING

Sports help students in character building and maintain energy and strength wich improves blood circulation and physically fit. Most sports have team work and team work is the way of successing and winning because in these sports students should collaborate with other team members to win. To success students should work han in hand with school teachers and fellow students. In some countries like USA schools give team projects to students so they can collaborate with each other, but they can easily collaborate in sports without having too many projects all over the year. It also gives self confidence and sel-esteam the hand shake after winning for example a game of football develops self-esteam. Especially when comes up to health sports is playing an very important role..

Also in the discipline sports can be important and can even save the lives of some students by having them training all the time, because the keep on training so they don’t have time to take drugs or to bully students it can help students be friends in school and help each other and play happily instead of fighting each other. Sports also makes students close to their coaches which makes them nearly all the time with elders and this doesn’t make them take drugs.

It also helps students to equally manage their time perfectly, When you are on tight schedules and have no time for assignments due to sporting activities, you can check college essay writing service for assignment help. Sports can also boost or help students in their mental and physical health by maintaining strong bodies and helping them in school in some school materials or periods that need strong bodies in periods like PE. It also helps them maintain healthy bodies by making the m play in a clean school environment. In sports time management is one of the most important components of sportsmanship. Sports is also one of the components of self-confidence, because when scoring a goal or winning a game this develops what is called self-confidence in students or players, because as the student play sports their skills and strength increase their self-image will also improve. In other words it helps in nearly everything in life like in health it reduces the body fats and encourages students to be fit from the beginning of their growth so it can be much easier. It also develops social skills like when playing in a school football tournament students interact with new people, and to visit new countries like in the FIFA world cup tournament and this can make students learn foreign languages.

As sports can be one of the best ways of fighting stress, and help improve or upgrade the memory function of the brain. Sometimes a student keeps on studying for many hours so he needs a break to continue studying freshly. In most schools sports active students score higher grades than students who don’t play sports and this is another reason why students should play any kind of sports in their lives. Another reason why students should play sports is that sports improves the student’s concentration and focus in class. As regular exercises improves body energy levels, and sport students can be very active the whole day without being or getting tired, also sports can boost the lungs’ performance in their early life which is perfect so that they can take in to their bodies more oxygen which is very healthy to their early life, as they can also perform more things with least struggle in their life. Sports students can walk more than non-sports student which is something that can be very helpful. Some students are good in some kind of sports which can also develop their self-confidence be making the students doing what they are talented in. As a football player doing what you are talented in in the school can make the student develop more football skills which can make the students a real football player when he grows up and then retire and be a football coach. He or she may become a referee which is also a job that any student can major into that means that sports have many careers that any student can be professional in. It can also benefit the student in the internal health by a research done by the[UNITED NATIONS INTER-AGENCY TASH FORCE] and not only the bones but also the heart and the lungs, as it can lower the chances of the heart getting diseases, strokes an diabetes and help manage the weight which is an important factor in their life and their life style, as it can lower the blood pressure and improve the muscles strength which can help in many life hacks.

Conclusion

As one of the most harmful types of cancer can simply be defended or avoided by playing sports or being an athlete, and this is also a reason why sports strengthens the immune system in the student’s body. It also supports easy an comfortable sleep. As it can help improve and care about mental health and to avoid mental health problems. If all of these benefits were in the students life it will help him have a better longer, easier and enjoyable life. To conclude sports should be a very important component in their lives.

On my eighteenth birthday my family took me to a casino to gamble for the very first time. I started off the night with three hundred dollars. When I got there, I thought I was going to be the dark horse, gamble well and win it all even though everyone was expecting me to lose. I was so excited to gamble that I kept betting money. By the end of the night I had actually gambled badly and lost all of the three hundred dollars I brought to the Casino.

The United States Supreme Court declared the ban on sports betting unconstitutional in 2012. Of the people who gamble about 76% are likely to develop a depressive disorder (Thomas). Sports betting became legal across the United States in 2018. I am against legalized sports betting because of how gambling affects culture, education, family and morality.

Culture is negatively impacted by legalized sports betting. Every year, millions of Americans choose to fill out brackets and gamble their hard-earned money on a tournament called March Madness. According to Joe Lunardi, an American college basketball analyst for ESPN, “March Madness – the United States’ national college basketball championship – is a straight knockout tournament that involves the best 65 teams in the country, representing virtually every state and certainly every region” (Lunardi). Fans across the country spend their time and money to complete their brackets attempting to predict the entire lineup. The number of fans who actually predicted the entire bracket is extremely small. The Forbes article discloses, “The NCAA Tournament brackets and pools generate gigantic interest, and $4.6 billion is expected to be wagered on a collective 149 million brackets by more than 40 million people” (Ginsbach). With such a little success rate of brackets, and such a large amount of money there are millions of betters losing money. According to Edinboro University mathematics instructor, Michelle McCarney, “the odds of picking a perfect bracket at random are one in 14 quintillion” (Dudley). The chance of one winning is incredibly tiny, yet millions of fans still spend their hard-earned money. Knowing these odds people would become less likely to continue betting money on their brackets.

Education can also become threatened by legalized sports betting. Student gamblers will lose lots of money from these sports bets due to the extremely small chances of winning. Legalized sports betting also negatively impacts student athletes. The NCAA prohibits betting on sports for all student athletes, this could be detrimental to a student (Rpowell). If a student becomes addicted to sports betting they could lose their scholarships to their school and be unable to pay for their scholastic education at their college. These students become fanatical gamblers who are completely obsessed with sports betting and lose sight of their education.

Family is majorly affected by gambling problems. When one person has a gambling addiction they often turn to their family for money after they lose their own money. On Debate.org, a Casino Insider rationalizes, “We should have a choice to spend OUR money any way we choose” (Is Gambling Bad for Society and Should It Be Made Unlawful?). This quote demonstrates a good point that people should be allowed to use their money in whatever way they see fit, which is true, but when compulsive gamblers lose all of their money they turn to their families for money. This is an issue because now the gamblers family is losing their money as well.

Morality is an issue brought up by legalized sports betting. Gambling is not a moral activity. Robert Faugno proclaims, “Sports gambling is a vice and it can be highly addictive for some individuals” (Faugno). It is not morally good for sports betting to be legalized when so many people are susceptible to becoming addicted. The Washington Times, disclosed that teenagers have a much higher probability of cultivating a gambling problem than adults do (Thomas). Teenagers who develop these gambling addictions early in their lives, struggle with it for the rest of their lives.

Legalized sports betting should be prohibited in the future. Some may argue it is the individuals choice, but many individuals hide it from the people close to them and destroy them. Clearly, legalized sports betting is a bad idea.

Sports is an activity which an individual or a group can participate or watch at their leisure. Sports teaches us to face challenges. It is a teacher which promote the idea that with hard work, dedication and pure confidence success will be attained. Society has become sports and sports has become society. The modern idea of sports came at the time of the Enlightenment and Industrial Revolution. Something that has been taken as simple leisure has also been an immense impact towards the progression of society. Political, environmental and social effects all have major impact from sports. Society understands that participating in sports can lead to a healthier life. It is also a factor which helps identify and destroy social, political and environmental restrictions in society.

Society tends to order certain things into classes. Sports is a leisure which has a certain social class to it. (Carl 2005) stated that all sports belong to a social class in which each individual sports is looked upon with different class. For example golf and polo is a sport which is considered as a sport for the wealthy. Wealthy people spend more money and it often increases their self esteem when they tell their friends they went out to play golf or polo. Pieerre Bourdieu is a sociologist who did a study on sports and sociology and understood that any capital received from sports can be used to transpose into the form of economic, cultural, social or religious capital (Tomlinson 2004) As these capital increases sports is becoming more prevalent. Athletes are given and looked upon as gods in pedestals. Sports has and is becoming more important for an individual in a society. In the 21st century if people don’t follow a certain sport or play any sport the individual can be looked upon as someone who is less socially accepted. Not following a particular team or having a say at sports events have become a new culture that has been wiggled into social norms. Playing sports for has also been a breakthrough in social norms of females. Females are looked upon as sex which can only play specific sports due to their biology. At present time barriers are broken in which females have been participating in more games that are dominantly played by males. (Scraton, Shiela & Flintoff 2002) promoted the idea that females who undertook sports in a professional level has had to refuse or deny the femininity of themselves. Society has been moulding the change of how women are looked upon in society. As females participate in more men dominated sports, the barriers of being a female are being broken. Gender equality has been more concentrated on, as sports is not specific for a gender but for all. This helped slowly build the idea that men are equal to women and all genders have same say in society.

Hosting events such as the World cup can lead to a huge economic contribution towards the economy of the particualr country. It also is a magnet for tourists as more will travel to part take in event. Another factor which it helps is it makes the coutnry well know aroudn the world. After the event the profit made can be used for the advancemtn of the community in all aspects of their coutuntry from upgrading roads, lights, shelter etc.

SCHEMES FOR ENTERPRISES

A sport today is an important aspect of the overall development of the human character and accomplishing greatness in sports has incredible bearing on national esteem and assurance.

So as to fulfill the expanding needs of the increasing demand, national just as global, Government has taken upon itself to execute projects to endorse excellence in sports. At the front line of the attempts stand the Sports Authority of India (SAI) – the field arm of the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports. There are various plans like Come and Play-Scheme, SAI Sports Promotional Schemes, MYAS Sports Schemes executed by government of India.

One of the central motives of the government is to encourage manufacturing and exports of labor-intensive items like sports commodities. The government needs to create India as a sourcing center point for sports merchandise, clothing and footwear. For this, 100 percent FDI is permitted in the manufacturing of sports products. The government strategy in manufacturing is concentrated on exports and not the domestic market. The government has made special economic zones where producers get incentives, for example, tax exemptions on export income and easier clearances.

The sports products and toys division has an exceptional focus in the Foreign Trade Policy (2009 – 2014) and is treated as a priority sector under the marketing development help and the market gets access initiative plans. The designations for these plans have been expanded. Applications identifying with sports merchandise and toys are given fast-track clearance by the Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT). There are duty exemptions on the import of footwear apparatus, and concessions have been given to the import of sports vehicles, for example, golf carts for hotels, trip managers and tour operators to promote the tourism industry by and large and golf tourism, specifically.

Distinctive state governments additionally give impetuses to promote manufacturing and help the sports business in their state. For example, the Uttar Pradesh government assigned land for sports products producing and for a sports complex in Meerut. Despite the fact that these strategies have helped Indian makers in sending out and getting to the worldwide market, there is a disadvantage. The emphasis is on contract manufacturing instead of building a solid India brand. Indian organizations make for an enormous number of international brands including Reebok (Germany), Puma (Germany), Lotto (Italy), Nike (US), Adidas (Germany), Fila (Italy/Korea), Rawling (US), Dunlop (Australia) and Spalding (US). Consequently, Indian brands have not made advances into worldwide markets.

SCHEMES FOR SPORTS DEVELOPMENT

Besides government encouraging the commercial background of sports industry it has various schemes to promote and facilitate the sportsperson of the country.

SCHEMES HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN SPORTS: –

The current ‘Scheme Human Resource Development in Sports’ is being updated keeping in view the international sporting landscape. The updated scheme will concentrate on the academic and intellectual side of sports development. This is essentially significant in the event that we are to improve the standard of sports in the nation. The goals of this scheme are as per the following,

• a) Awarding Fellowships for present moment (upto 3 months) specialized studies and upto 2 years for Master’s level program in explicit disciplines relevant to sports and games,
• b) Encouraging experts in the field of sports to exchange thoughts and enhance knowledge and aptitudes through participating in Seminars, Clinics/preparing, Workshops and Conferences in India or abroad and offer financial help for such events,
• c) Inviting presumed/qualified foreign specialists, for example, superior executives, mentors, specialized authorities, sports researchers, sports medication specialists, masseurs, physiotherapists, teachers, researchers to India for lectures, instructing, consultancy, trade, preparing, exchange, exhortation and so forth,
• d) Providing help to Match Officials for performing in qualifying examinations; likewise giving help to Match Officials, Coaches and other Support Personnel for preparing/courses which assist them with improving their expert ability in their applicable areas of specialization in India or abroad;
• e) Providing monetary aid for Research ventures significant to sports and games and commissioning of particular research ventures keeping in view Indian prerequisites;
• f) Providing budgetary help for publication of works of high caliber, legitimately relevant to sports and games; to distribute/support famous writing on sports for overall population; and
• g) To create web based learning asset for more extensive spread of information and strategies of games in various dialects among communal mentors and overall population.

SCHEME OF SPORTS FUND FOR PENSION TO MERITORIOUS SPORTSPERSONS

This is a significant scheme to give further monetary security to sportspersons post retirement from active sports career as lifetime pensions. This is distinctive from the plan of National Welfare Fund for Sportspersons under which help is basically rendered for sportspersons living in destitute conditions. It was anyway felt that an obvious approach to perceive explicit exceptional accomplishments in the Olympic, Commonwealth Games, Asian Games and World Cup in Olympic/Asian Games orders of all sportspersons obtaining specific level of excellence would go far in empowering the sportspersons to dedicate themselves generously to their picked sports. The requirement for guaranteed month-to-month pay through annuity for exceptional sportspersons has gotten basic because of the way that sportspersons spend prime of their infanthood in pursuit for intensive training, losing other beneficial chances usually accessible. The guaranteed month-to-month salary will be remuneration for the opportunities spurned by them in seek for their high desire and achievement in sports. This scheme was amended as on 07th June 2018.

PANDIT DEENDAYAL UPADHYAY NATIONAL WELFARE FUND SCHEME

Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay National Welfare Fund For Sportspersons (PDUNWFS) was set up in March 1982 with a view to supporting outstanding Sportspersons of yesteryear, living in indigent circumstances that had brought glory to the Country in sports. The scheme as revised in September 2017 to provide for lump sum ex-gratia assistance to outstanding Sportspersons of yesteryears. Provision of pension has been done away with, as there is already a Scheme of Pension for Meritorious Sportspersons. Now, lump sum ex-gratia assistance is given to the Sportspersons or their families for medical treatment etc.

ASSISTANCE TO NATIONAL SPORTS FEDERATION SCHEME

Sports and games have been generally perceived as a fundamental element of Human Resource Development. The Government of India adds impressive significance to improvement of sports all in all and achieving excellence in the Olympics and other worldwide competition specifically. Performance of Indian Team in significant International Sports events has, although, stayed far from satisfactory, which involves genuine discomfort for the Government. It has been the undertaking of the Government to streamline the systems for viable coordination among different organizations associated with progression of sports and expand required infrastructure, training and different amenities to the sportspersons for achieving merit in the global championships in the coming years.

The agenda behind the scheme is firstly to define the areas of responsibility of the various agencies involved in the promotion and development of sports. Secondly, to identify the national sports federation who are eligible under the guidelines of the scheme, to set priorities, to provide detail explanation of the procedures to be followed, by national sports federation to avail government sponsorship and assistance. Thirdly, to state the conditions for eligibility which the Government will insist upon while releasing grants to Sports Federations.

SCHEME OF SPORTS AND GAMES FOR THE DISABLED

The ‘Scheme of Sports and Games for the Disabled’ is a Central Sector Scheme being presented by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports in 2009-10 during the XI Plan Period. The goal of the Scheme is wide basing participative games among the disabled. Serious game among the high performing disabled sportspersons, their cooperation in national and international competitions, training and equipment’s and other benefit including training the coaches, is financed, independently, by helping the Paralympic Committee of India, Special Olympics Bharat and the All India Sports Council for the Deaf, hereinafter, alluded to as PCI, SOB and AISCD respectively, under the Scheme of Assistance to National Sports Federations. The Scheme of Sports & Games for the Disabled has the following components: – Grant for sports coaching and purchase of consumables & non-consumable sports equipment for Schools, Grant for Training of Coaches, Grant for holding District, State & National level competitions for the disabled.

THE NATIONAL SPORTS DEVELOPMENT FUND

The National Sports Development Fund (NSDF) was set up in 1998, under Charitable Endowments Act 1890; vide Government of India Notification dated twelfth November 1998. The NSDF supports sportspersons to excel in the field by giving opportunities to practice under mentors of international repute with specialized, scientific and psychological assistance and furthermore in getting experience to international competitions. Financial aid is likewise given to explicit ventures for succession of sports and games supported by well-known Organizations/Institutes, gave the amenities so built will be made accessible to a sizeable public of the zone/district.

The objectives of this scheme are as follows;

• a) To direct and apply the cash of the Fund for improvement of sports in general and explicit games disciplines and individual games people specifically for accomplishing greatness at the National and International level;
• b) To impart exceptional training and teaching in valid sports discipline to sports people, mentors and sports experts;
• c) To build and keep up infrastructure for promotion of sports and games;
• d) To supply athletic gear to associations and people for advancement of sports and games;
• e) To recognize issues and take up research and development studies for offering assistance to excellence in sports;
• f) To promote international collaboration, specifically, trades which may promote the improvement of sports; and
• g) To give low interest or interest free loans for undertakings and activities linked with any of the said objects.

SCHEME OF ASSISTANCE FOR THE CREATION OF URBAN SPORTS INFRASTRUCTURe

This is central scheme which aims at addressing the entire sports ecosystems, holistically, mainly players training/coaching and development infrastructure.In the past, the sports infrastructure was transferred to the state sector and were created but and were under utilized for want of proper equipment’s, coaches or proper maintenance. Hence there was a need for effective mechanism available at the state or central to encourage the production utilization. In 2009 and 2010 a conference of state sports minister was held and a comprehensive scheme for supporting the creation of urban sports infrastructure. This scheme envisions the development of community play-field, coaching and coach development programme and player academies.

ABSTRACT

This research project illustrates an overview of the sport industry in India and how it’s growing over the period of time. It highlights the progressive parameters, which contributed in development of Indian sports industry and its socio-economic impact. For any country, sports sector is a significant part because of the positive outcomes on the physical and mental health of nations human resource. According to recently numbers, 1-5% of Indian GDP is backed by sports sector. Sports industry has been in India since ancient times however its layouts have transformed with the spread of corporate in India. Multiple large Indian organizations and foreign investments have entered the niche section of sports, increased trade of Indian sports goods and government taking various initiatives in promotion sports. Thus, this paper discusses about the FDI (foreign direct investment), rise in exports, countries importing Indian products, increasing number of players and government schemes.

It would be useful for people who are either entering sports industry with commercial outlook or amateurs who are willing to take up sports as a career. The analysis would consider all the Indian companies involved in the arena of sports.

The possible outcome will be why this industry is booming, what was the reason for its development and thus how government is encouraging players.

INTRODUCTION

Sports have been a power for good since the time humankind existed. It brings together individuals, catalyzes social and cultural change, inculcates discipline and candor, trains individuals to win and lose. Game in India alludes to the colossal range of games played in India, varying from ancestral games to more standard games, for example, cricket, badminton and football. Cricket is the most mainstream sport in India, the nation having facilitated and won numerous Cricket World Cups. Kabaddi is the most famous indigenous game in the nation. Other mainstream sports in India are badminton, football, shooting, wrestling, boxing, tennis, squash, weightlifting, gymnastics, athletics, table tennis, basketball, volleyball and cycling. Famous native games incorporate chess, kho-kho, kite battling, leg cricket, polo, snooker and gillidanda. The historical backdrop of sports in India goes back to the Vedic time. The modern game of badminton has created from an old kids’ games referred to in England as battledore and shuttlecock, a game well known in old India. Games like chess and snakes & ladder began from the old Indian games chaturanga and gyan chauper. During the rule of the Mughal Empire, a type of wrestling known as pehlwani was created. During the colonist period, British India played at six Olympic Matches, eminently winning metals in field of hockey. Snooker started in the late nineteenth century amongst British Army officials positioned in India. Modern polo began in British India in the nineteenth century, from Manipur, where the game was known as ‘Sagol Kangjei’, ‘Kanjai-bazee’, or ‘Pulu’. The name ‘polo’ is the anglicized adaptation of the last mentioned. Post freedom India has hosted and co-hosted a few worldwide games, most eminently the 1987, 1996 and 2011 Cricket World Cups, the 1951 and 1982 Asian Games, the 2010 Commonwealth Games, and the 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup. Domestic professional sports championships in the nation feature the Indian Premier League (Twenty20 cricket), the I-League and the Indian Super League (football), the Pro Kabaddi League (kabaddi), the Hockey India League (hockey), Premier Badminton League (badminton), the Pro Wrestling League (wrestling), the Ultimate Table Tennis alliance (table tennis), and the Pro Volleyball League (volleyball). Important international games every year held in India contain the Chennai Open in tennis, the Indian Open in golf, and the India Open in badminton. The Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna is India’s most elevated honor for accomplishment in sports, while the Dronacharya Award is granted for greatness in coaching.

Political duty regarding sport in India lies with the Department of Sports under the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports; the division runs under the charge of a Secretary to the Government of India (Smt. Upma Chawdhry, Secretary Youth Affairs and Radhey Shyam Julaniya, Sports Secretary), while the Minister Of State (Kiren Rijiju) is the chief of the ministry. A ministry-recognized National Sports Federation (NSF) embodies each Olympic and non-Olympic game, the main exception being the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), which isn’t a NSF. As of 2019, the ministry documents 56 NSFs. Sports Authority of India, the field’s arm of the department, supports and encourages talent in youth, and offers them necessary foundation, equipment, coaching facilities and organizing national level competitions. The Indian Olympic Association (IOA) is responsible for the Indian contingent’s participation in the Olympic games, Commonwealth Games, Asian Games (outdoor, indoor and beach), and South Asian Games. The selection of the national teams is completed by the respective national federations and afterward proposed to the IOA for official sponsorship for participation in those games.

The Indian sports industry comprises of four kinds of stakeholders across eight sectors. These eight segments involves governance which run by government and autonomous bodies (MYAS, SAI, IOA, NSFs, SSAs, DSAs), talent scouting and training is done by NSFs, SSA, DSA, SAI training centers & institutes for coaches, non-profit/profit training academics which is a combination private, government and autonomous entities, sports goods manufacturing and retail (export) of produce is handled by the private organizations however it supported by non-profit government body called sports goods export promotion council , sports events are organized by NSFs, SSAs & DSAs and also by profit entities ( franchises, sponsors, broadcaster ), , public-private partnerships and government bodies look after infrastructure development, private sector companies in event and sponsorship management take up the marketing and publicity campaigns and lastly funding is managed by government bodies and private entities.

The affection for sport in India is moving past the sport of cricket towards a wide assortment of sports, bringing about the development of viewership, participation, and sports-related enterprises. It has opened up new business opportunities for financial specialists taking a glance at the Indian market from brand building and Infrastructure to niche enterprising endeavors, developing technologies and services. India’s improving financial atmosphere, rising disposable income, and changing view towards fitness and healthy lifestyle is powering the rising demand for sports-related products and enterprises. Investment prospects in the sports business are scattered over the whole supply chain network, including the assembling and retail of equipment and clothing as well as in advertising, talent management, and training.

Sports in India supported and encouraged by schools, parents, employer and peers. May it be young or adult, skilled or unskilled, people have developed the need take up sports as government classes sports as very important aspect of every human being. Accordingly with increasing income, citizens switch from local to national and the international brands. Apart from promoting sports at basic level to citizens, the government has facilitated sportspersons with appropriate provisions; hence aims to bagged twenty gold medals at 2024 Olympics. Therefore, population more than one billion, this sector has opportunity for the infrastructure development, boosting sales and making investments

INDIAN SPORTS GOOD INDUSTRY

Sports Goods Manufacturing Industry in India began on thirteenth April, 1883 at Sialkot (Now in Pakistan).Sardar Ganda Singh Oberoi found a dream to begin this industry who established Oberoi Limited in Sialkot and made first export of sports goods to England in May 1884.

At the point when India was partitioned in 1947, a large number of Sialkot’s talented Hindu skilled workers relocated over the border into Punjab, settling in Jalandhar and Meerut, where the Indian sport goods industry is presently based. Since the experts were settled in these regions, the business visionaries began pouring in Jalandhar and Meerut and consequently began the current Indian Sports Goods Industry in 1948 exactly.

The sports goods industry in India has seen an extraordinary development in the course of recent decades and now involves a position of noticeable quality in the Indian economy taking into account its gigantic potential for business, development and export. There has been an increasing emphasis on its arranged development, focused on ideal usage of assets for amplifying the profits, especially from trades outside India.

The Indian sports goods industry makes 318 commodities. The Indian sports goods industry is a highly labour-intensive industry, which gives work to the weaker segments of society and furthermore employs an enormous number of women.

Indian sports goods industry is in its beginning stage, however more than 100 years of age and some of the manufacturing Centre’s throughout the years have set up in and around Jalandhar, Meerut, Delhi, Mumbai, Agra, Moradabad, Chennai, Jammu and Kolkata. Of these, Jalandhar and Meerut together claim around 75% to 80% of the complete production. The development of these two bunches was a consequence of segment of India in 1947 when the individuals of Sialkot, Pakistan (significant production Centre focus of sports goods at that point and now additionally) migrated to Jalandhar and Meerut.

With what begun as a battle of few business visionaries and their employees transplanting their underlying foundations to another spot, Jalandhar and Meerut sports goods cluster has risen as a significant manufacturing place with forward and in reverse linkages alongside indigenous affiliations and institutional help. There are around 250 exporting units, around 1000 manufacturing units for local markets, and nearly 4000 small-scale ventures. Likewise, there are around 20,000 household units situated in and around both the city. Together these MSMEs hire around 1-lakh workforces directly or indirectly. The turnover of this group is around Rs 2000 crores (informal figure) obliging native and export markets. Aside from Meerut and Jalandhar, Jammu has likewise come in the atlas of manufacturing sports goods essentially Cricket Bats and the creators there have snatched a significant lump of local market from Jalandhar and Meerut producers.

EXPORTS SECTOR

Jalandhar and Meerut are the export excellence towns in sports sector. In Jalandhar and Meerut, three sorts of foundations are normally found which are, big establishment; these are commonly outfitted to export other than taking into account the local market. Small establishment; these typically make sports goods for the domestic market. Both the big establishments as well as the small establishment are enrolled either under the Factories Act, 1948, or under the Shops and Establishment Act of the state. The unregistered units, these are found especially in the urban pockets of Jalandhar and Meerut these units are generally small locally situated units which are typically run by the family members, yet now and again with the assistance of a few contracted workers. These units don’t have an immediate access to market. It has been seen that numerous multiple times when the enormous foundations – particularly exporters – are not able to cope to huge demands from their foreign customers, circulate a portion of the production to these small unregistered, locally situated units.

Significant objects that are exported are inflatable balls, hockey sticks and balls, cricket bats and balls, boxing gear, fishing equipment’s, indoor games like carom and chess board and various types of protective equipment’s. The major exporting nations are USA, UK, UAE, Netherlands and France. It is accepted that local market is proportional to the export market in monetary terms, with prominence of items such as board games and the like.

This industry illustrates to a remarkable situation wherein labor-intensive industry utilizes age-old technology in exporting sports supplies to more than 130 nations. Coming to better characterization, this group has prominent highlights of a ‘upcoming group’ regarding technology being defined as characterized by Schmitz and Nadvi (1999), with market reach of that of a ‘established sector’. The significant product of this industry are inflatable balls which comprise football, rugby ball, basket ball, and so on; wood based types of equipment’s involving cricket bat, hockey stick, carom board, chess board, and so forth; protective equipment for cricket, hockey, rugby, for example, gloves, shin guards, chest monitors, and so on; racquets, shuttle cocks among the 200 odd commodities this industry fabricates. Every product class of the sporting goods is working in its own national and local and therefore being influenced by various market and operational powers.

The need for sports goods is expanding in global as well as in the local markets and this sector holds the potential yet comes up short on the technical knowledge. The industry faces prompt competition from nations like China, Taiwan and Sialkot in Pakistan.

This sports good industry with more than 120 years of presence, has created a spot for itself in the international sports exports market. It has developed as a solid provider of sports products to the global markets, obliging a portion of the top brands. With around 115 exporting enterprises, the division of sports fundamentally adds to the sports goods exports from India. In the year 2000-2001 the exports accounted to 44,560 USD, which expanded to 185,295.36 USD in the year 2008-09 and additionally expanded to 303,526 USD in 2016-17. (The figure prohibits sports shoes, sports clothing and fitness gears). There are another 400 odd undertakings that take into account merchant exports just as the local Indian market. Noteworthy number of industry systems and support organizations exist in this field. The primary ones being, 1] Sports Goods Export Promotion Council (SGEPC), (Dealing with exports only), 2] Sports Good Manufacturers and Exporters Association (SGMEA), (Dealing with Manufacturer’s problems of domestic and export nature), 3] Sports goods Foundation of India (SGFI), (Dealing with Child Labour problem only), 4] Institute of Technology (NIT), 5] Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), 6] Central Institute of Hand Tools (CIHT), 7] Process cum Product Development Centre for Sports Goods (PPDC) (Jalandhar and Meerut).

In the recent years, India’s share of the global sports goods exports market is expected to grow manifold, with the country establishing the credibility of its goods in the global market. India has emerged as the leading international sourcing destination for inflatable balls and other sports goods for international brands such as Mitre, Lotto, Umbro and Wilson. Today, Indian sports goods manufacturers are exporting products under their own brand names, in addition to being original equipment manufacturers (OEM) suppliers for international sports brands. In recent years, Indian products have been exported for global sports events such as the football World Cup 2002, where India-manufactured bladders were used. Athletic Boxing equipment made in India was also used at the Atlanta Olympics (1996) and Beijing Olympics (2008). Advantage to India is that the Indian sports goods sector is a major contributor to the Indian economy in terms of employment and enjoys a clear competitive edge.sports

“Extreme Sports are activities perceived as involving a high degree of risk. These activities often involve speed, height, a high level of physical exertion and highly specialized gear” (Wikipedia, 2019). The culture of extreme sports can include ideas, customs, and social behaviour of a particular people or society. Extreme sports also attract people with a genetic predisposition for risk and risk-seeking personalities. Only the most skilled individuals can participate at extreme levels. There is no room for error and no second chances. It is found that extreme sports participants facilitate more positive psychological experiences and express human values such a humility, harmony, creativity, spirituality, and a vital sense of self that enriches everyday life compared to non-extreme sport participants. A number of extreme sports have now become increasingly popular and accepted by the general population.

Studies have found the relationship between personality traits and participation in high-risk physical sports that their participants in high-risk sports tend to score lower on Zuckerman’s Sensation Seeking Scale compare to low risk sport participants and controlled groups. Individuals that are sensation seeking have “the need for varied, novel and complex sensations and experiences and the willingness to take physical and social risks for the sake of such an experience.” (Griffiths, 2014) There is a notable difference between impulse high-risk takers and cutting-edge, expert, pioneering extreme sport athletes. Both type of participants risk injury and death while exploring the limit of their skills.

Psychological temperaments and characters that could possible be the reasons for becoming an athlete of extreme sport can include novelty seeking, harm avoidance, persistence, self-directedness, cooperativeness and self-transcendence. There has been a tendency to view all extreme sports participants as thrill seekers, but when we investigate it more closely. There are two types of risk takers that appear:

• Individuals that deliberately take risks and put themselves in situations where their failures are more likely to be fatal.
• Individuals who are more precautionary so that they can minimize the risk of the injury in sport that they participate in.

The Permanente Journal (2018) investigated the nature of extreme sports in three cases. The individuals included in the study when analysed for their actions and motivations for wanting to participate in extreme sports but also the toll that it took on themselves and their families when they lost their lives. An example of a participant is Allen. Allen was a 48YO married father of 3 teenagers who was once a successful businessman. He started to feel trapped within his social and work environment, which then triggered his want of freedom and desire for extreme sports. Allen passed away after sustaining severe injuries from base-jumping. BASE jumping involves leaping from great heights often cliffs before then freefalling and then opening up your parachute as you near towards the ground. It is thought that one on sixty BASE jumper participants die. Allen was a risk-taker who was aware of the life-endangering natured sports and embraced the thrill-seeking component of his life in sport. (The Permanente Journal, 2018) His psychological want for freedom and thrill took the toll on his family and his life. By discovering that he was once an individual that was successful and had a great family by his side, he still did not fill his void that was inside him hence the interest in extreme sports.

Risk takers and participants of extreme sports are mentally preparing the challenge ahead. They look at all factors that would contribute to making a safe and educated decision as to whether or not it is safe to pursue. Extreme sport enthusiasts tend to have healthier physical and mental response. They do not let anxiety control their minds but instead they use their minds to dominate a challenging situation. Substance use and abuse can sometime play the part in overcoming the fear of performing their sport.

“Emotions have evolved through past constraints and pressures thus creating comparative selective advantaged for some individuals with particular traits.” (Buckley, 2018) Examples can include anxiety and fear. These creations can become an immediate threat and signal of power against ones self. Thus triggering the progression towards conservative behaviours in a natural environment such as extreme sports. “Emotions control evolutionarily conserved behaviour that is central to survival in a natural environment.” (Verma Et Al, 2016)

An interesting view expressed by Fine (2018) was saying that youth culture has taken on a new face in the 21st century and it is being driven by a consciousness and lifestyle. This has created a new vision on extreme sports, as individuals now want to further themselves to risk higher in what they do.

A personality type that would usually suit extreme sports is a Doer. These individuals have an extraverted sense of thinking and perceptive personality. They can be governed by the need for some social interaction, emotions and feelings, reasoning and logical processes, along with the want and need for freedom. (Perfect Personality, 2018) This links into their ability to risk take and further themselves to do something they would not usually do.

Extreme sport enthusiasts overcome their fears to do something that they love. This can sometimes lead onto a boost in their confidence to then believe they can tackle any situation presented to them. Their minds are created to reward themselves after accomplishing any action. When an extreme sport athlete pushes himself or herself further, they get a rush of dopamine and endorphins. They have better abilities to redefine risk with the help of their own experience. They are 100% aware of the consequence that come but also the rewards that they receive. Although there is more risk attached with extreme sports, the number of fatalities is not as high as you might think. There is overall, a higher average percentage of facing death head on in extreme sports than in normal sports. There are many sports out in the world that get different athletes heart pumping; some are just deadlier than the others.

Abstract

Psychological concepts and its interventions are essential in understanding Science of physical movements and sports. One of the important psychological concepts was memory. Muscle memory may be a type of procedural memory that involves consolidating a selected motor task into memory through repetition that has been used synonymously with motor learning. Once collaborating in any sport, new motor skills and movement mixtures square measure often getting used and perennial. Long-term memory associated with strength coaching involves parts of each motor learning and long-lived changes within the muscle tissue. One has to understand the muscle memory concept so that it would helpful in sports and physical training. This study was of historical method.

Preamble

Mental ideas and its intercessions are fundamental in understanding study of physical developments and sports. A few ideas from psychology are character, memory and these can be estimated through tests. One of the significant psychological concept was memory.

History

The sources of exploration for the obtaining of motor skills come from logicians, for example, Plato, Aristotle and Galen. After the break from convention of the pre-1900s perspective on contemplation, therapists underscored exploration and increasingly logical techniques in watching practices. From there on, various examinations investigating the job of motor learning were led. Such examination incorporated the exploration of penmanship, and different practice strategies to augment motor learning.

Retention

The maintenance of motor abilities presently alluded to as muscle memory, additionally started to be of extraordinary enthusiasm for the mid 1900s. Most motor abilities are believed to be gained through training; be that as it may, unimportant perception of the expertise has prompted learning too. Exploration proposes we don’t begin with a clear record as to motor memory in spite of the fact that we do learn a large portion of our motor memory collection during our lifetime.

In the beginning times of observational examination of motor memory Edward Thorndike, a main pioneer in the investigation of motor memory, was among the first to recognize learning can happen without cognizant mindfulness. One of the soonest and most striking examinations in regards to the maintenance of motor aptitudes was by Slope, Rejall, and Thorndike, who indicated investment funds in relearning composing abilities following a 25-year time span with no training. Discoveries identified with the maintenance of scholarly motor aptitudes have been ceaselessly imitated in considers, recommending that through ensuing practice, motor learning is put away in the cerebrum as memory. This is the reason performing abilities, for example, riding a bicycle or driving a vehicle are easily and ‘subliminally’ executed, regardless of whether somebody had not played out these aptitudes in a significant stretch of time.

Muscle memory is a type of procedural memory that includes solidifying a particular motor task into memory through reiteration, which has been utilized interchangeably with motor learning. At the point when a development is rehashed after some time, a drawn out muscle memory is made for that task, in the end permitting it to be performed with almost no cognizant exertion. This procedure diminishes the requirement for consideration and makes most extreme productivity inside the motor and memory frameworks. Instances of muscle memory are found in numerous regular exercises that become programmed and improve with training, for example, riding a bike, composing on a console, entering a PIN, playing an instrument, poker, combative techniques or in any event, moving.

Composition of Muscle Memory

Motor Behavior

At the point when first learning an motor task, development is regularly moderate, solid and effortlessly disturbed without consideration. With training, execution of motor task becomes smoother, there is a diminishing in appendage firmness, and muscle action important to the undertaking is performed without cognizant exertion.

Muscle memory encoding

The neuro-life system of memory is far reaching all through the cerebrum; be that as it may, the pathways essential to motor memory are discrete from the average fleeting projection pathways related with definitive memory. Likewise with explanatory memory, motor memory is guessed to have two phases: a transient memory encoding stage, which is delicate and vulnerable to harm, and a drawn out memory union stage, which is increasingly steady.

The memory encoding stage is frequently alluded to as motor learning, and requires an expansion in mind action in motor zones just as an expansion in consideration. Mind regions dynamic during motor learning incorporate the motor and Somato tactile cortices; be that as it may, these regions of actuation decline once the motor aptitude is found out. The prefrontal and frontal cortices are likewise dynamic during this phase because of the requirement for expanded consideration on the errand being found out.

Muscle memory consolidation

Muscle memory union includes the nonstop development of neural procedures in the wake of rehearsing an undertaking has halted. The specific component of motor memory solidification inside the cerebrum is disputable. Be that as it may, most hypotheses expect that there is a general redistribution of data over the cerebrum from encoding to solidification. Hebb’s standard expresses that ‘synaptic availability changes as an element of monotonous terminating.’ For this situation, that would imply that the high measure of incitement originating from rehearsing a development would cause the redundancy of terminating in certain motor systems, probably prompting an expansion in the effectiveness of energizing these motor systems after some time.

Despite the fact that the specific area of muscle memory stockpiling unknown, examines have proposed that it is the between local associations that assume the most significant job in propelling motor memory encoding to solidification, as opposed to diminishes in general local movement. These investigations have indicated a debilitated association from the cerebellum to the essential motor zone with training, it is assumed, as a result of a diminished requirement for mistake rectification from the cerebellum. Nonetheless, the association between the basal ganglia and the essential motor region is reinforced, proposing the basal ganglia assume a significant job in the motor memory union procedure.

Muscle memory and Sports – Some Application and examples

Strength training and adaptations

Muscle memory related to strength training involves elements of both motor learning, described below, and long-lasting changes in the muscle tissue. The elevated number of nuclei in muscle fibers that had experienced a hypertrophic episode would provide a mechanism for muscle memory, explaining the long-lasting effects of training and the ease with which previously trained individuals are more easily retrained. More recently, research has suggested that epigenetic may play a distinct role in orchestrating a muscle memory phenomenon.

Importantly, these participants adapted in an enhanced manner, whereby the amount of skeletal muscle mass gained was greater in the second period of muscle growth then the first, suggesting a muscle memory concept. Collectively, the authors conclude that skeletal muscle mass and muscle memory phenomenon is, at least in part, modulated due to changes in DNA methylation. (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_memory)

The Athlete’s steer to the Brain: Motor Skill Learning

Everyone loves to watch Virat Kohli’s batting skills in Indian cricket. How does he do it? Researcher wants to find out how athletes use their brains to master their sport. Of particular interest to athletes, neuro-plasticity is what allows for the acquisition and retention of motor skills. By motor skills, we are referring to finely coordinated muscle movements such as batting, putting, and free throws.

Breaking it down

Motor skill learning is defined as the process by which movements are executed more quickly and accurately with practice. Motor skills are acquired over multiple training sessions until performance reaches a plateau. There are two phases of learning: a fast phase and a slow phase. The fast phase involves rapid development over the course of one single training session. The slow phase involves small, stable gains that develop over multiple practice sessions, ultimately reaching a stable peak. For instance, in the event that you’ve never shot a free toss, the first occasion when you practice will be the most learning-escalated, as you are organizing muscles such that your body has never experienced.

When that first meeting is finished, you are subjectively mindful of quite a bit of what is required to make the shot; you’re simply not generally excellent. In your resulting rehearses, you start the moderate procedure of picking up precision with the goal that the vision in your mind coordinates the developments of your body. In the long run, you’ll arrive at a degree of mastery that is moderately steady.

Notwithstanding the division among quick and moderate, motor aptitude obtaining can be isolated into stages over another pivot: Encoding covers with the quick learning time frame and alludes to the procedure by which an motor expertise is changed over from an encounter to a build that is put away in the mind. Most of encoding will happen on the web — or the stretch during instructional meetings.

Interestingly, expertise union happens disconnected — or the span between instructional courses. Rest is a basic disconnected period; it’s the point at which most of expertise learning is united in the cerebrum. Solidification can be thought of as a halfway stage among quick and moderate learning. The last phase of learning, maintenance happens all the while with the moderate learning stage, during both disconnected and online periods. The aftereffect of maintenance is the dedication of the educated aptitude to muscle memory and the capacity to recover this memory voluntarily. Muscle memory alludes to the capacity to play out ability with no cognizant exertion.

For instance, each time Virat Kohli hit a square limit, the development is easy. He’s polished that specific ability so often that it’s been held as muscle memory, so he can recover the memory and complete the development naturally with no idea required.

Confined Learning

So where in the mind does motor ability learning happens? That is a confounded inquiry. Each period of learning includes diverse mind regions going from lower-level visual and perceptual locales (these play out the stray pieces preparing) to higher-request cortical regions that coordinate and incorporate data. In any case, one cerebrum district that is explicit to motor learning is the essential motor cortex, or M1.

The essential motor cortex is answerable for the cognizant commencement of willful developments. It is actuated both during the quick stage and the moderate phase of learning. When an expertise is resolved to muscle memory, the motor cortex is less included, and initiation changes to bring down request preparing zones, for example, the cerebellum where subliminal motor recollections are put away. This mirrors the social move that happens as the motor ability improves — for example less and less dependence on deduction until the expertise can be finished with no cognizant exertion.

Initiate Your Aptitudes

Wouldn’t it be incredible if there were a route for all competitors to have a similar batting accuracy as Virat Kohli? Expanded motor cortex actuation is the main thrust behind Neuropriming, as it straightforwardly fortifies neural drive and improves quick, web based learning. Rehashed, elevated level M1 actuation is likewise the impetus for hyper pliancy, as it speeds up the formation of new neural pathways and builds the pace of disconnected solidification/maintenance.

Be that as it may, abilities without quality are fundamentally pointless. Steph may be able to make free tosses in his rest, however on the off chance that he didn’t have the solidarity to get the show on the road to the net; it is extremely unlikely he’d be the lord of three-pointers.

Summary

Researcher contemplated hardly any surveys from writing and expressed the hypothetical foundation on muscle memory and its interrelationship with sports. One needs to comprehend the muscle memory idea with the goal that it would supportive in sports and physical preparing.

References

1. https://blog.haloneuro.com/the-athlete-s-guide-to-the-brain-motor-skill-learning. (2016, March 18). Retrieved Jan 06, 2020, from https://blog.haloneuro.com
2. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_memory. (n.d.). Retrieved Jan 6, 2020, from https://en.m.wikipedia.org

How many times have adults told you to be accountable for your behaviour? I think that the we need to tell sports stars that they should be accountable for their behaviour. I strongly believe that sports stars should be accountable for their behaviour. For the following reasons they are normal humans and earning so much money they think they can do whatever they want, they are involved in endorsement and advertisement and they are role models.

Firstly, sports stars are normal humans and earning so much money they think they can do whatever they want. Sports stars have a responsibility to behave regular standard human beings. As sport stars these people should be held to the same rules as every other person in the world. But most sports stars had no clue on what to do with large amounts of money. These and more challenges caused havoc in the personal and professional lives of athletes and got them in serious trouble. Here are two examples one is of a player behaving badly and the other one is of a player going over the top with money. Ben Barba was rugby league player for the sharks but got sacked in 2015 for using cocaine. He then went overseas to France and England until 2019. When he signed a contract with the cowboys but then lost his contract for the cowboys and got banned from rugby league for domestic violence on his wife. Bernard Tomic was a gold coast tennis player who earned loads of money at such a young age but that were the problem occurred. At the age of 19 in 2012 Bernard Tomic was booked with two $300 speeding fines in two hours driving a$150 000 BMW. He was also on restricted licence and yet he was driving and speeding. So, this is how a sport star with no clue on how to manage large amounts of money can lead to major problems.

Secondly, they are involved in endorsement and advertisement. There are plenty of sports stars who are involved in endorsement and advertising a brand or product and they earn millions of dollars. But some sports stars can lose their advertising contract and lose millions of dollars here are two examples. 1. Steve Smith Australian Cricket captain was involved a ball tampering scandal while playing a professional cricket match against South Africa in South Africa in 2018. As a result of his actions he lost 1-Million-dollar contract with weetbix since he was a weetbix kid ambassador. Also, the commonwealth bank ended his role as their sporting ambassador. 2. Kobe Bryant was an NBA player who not only played for the LA Laker, but he was also a Lakers all time legend. In 2003 he was involved in rape allegations which made him loose several advertising contracts with McDonalds, Coca Cola, Nutella and Spalding. This resulted in him losing 13 million dollars from advertisement.

Finally, they are role models Celebrities and professional athletes are looked up to by this generation and many more generations to come. They need to set the example by saying, ‘no’ to drugs and the excessive use of alcohol. Whether they like it or not they’re going to be looked up to by the youth. Like regular citizens in their workplace, we should expect them to act professionally

Explanation: most of the fans, look up to their sports stars and try and be like their favourite player. But when their favourite player does things that are against the law, the image of their tarnished and also sports fan also gets disappointed. So, to stop that from happening they need to set an example of leadership and a role model in community.

The role model in the world of sports has been around since the early days of sports when they were just beginning and were then being invented. Then they were also around long before the Olympic games’ era had even begun or was even then thought of. So, then it was when the first type of sports had then begun to be played, that it was seen that the very first role model had then been introduced into the arenas of the world of sport. This was because the spectators who had been watching had begun to cheer for their favorite person who they had been then watching and then following in the sport they had then been playing their whole careers. Then furthermore, later it was then during the Olympic games, that the modern role model was being viewed by society had a very positive spirit, this was because they have played the sports in that era. Then on the other hand, in today’s present time, the role of the modern athlete has become a very inspirational and positive figure for the many people that live in western society who have either been playing or then watching sport. So then in this essay it will then discuss how the modern sports stars are being viewed as role models on a daily basis in many of the sports that are being played around the world, it will then discuss how the role model is being viewed by society through a positive stance through a few sports such as football and Softball in that the players are viewed as role models and also than through the gaze of the social media platforms that have been showing the many different sports that are being played. The modern sports stars are role models because they have been able to strive excellence

To begin with, when it comes to the world of sports which has been constantly evolving and then growing in popularity. So then many of the sports like that of football, softball and swimming which are then becoming very popular because of the way they have been portrayed through the media. This is because these sports have had many people who play on a competition level or even at a social level, that they are becoming major role models in everyday life for many people in society in general especially that of young people. So, when a society begins to look at many of the athletes in the world of sports as being a role model, it can be viewed as a positive step for many people in society because they can then follow that person on many levels. The sports world has become very popular over the many decades, in which athletes have become role models in the sport they are playing, which they then become seen in the spotlight for the amazing talents that they have on the sporting field such as football, where the player can act the fool and not be judged for their mistakes but for their talents that they have on the field. Then as for softball, the players are the ones that are seen as the role models because of the way that they are on the diamond Then, however, it is also the media that has been giving the athlete the status of being a role model for many decades as well because sports are now becoming viewed more regularly on many media platforms such as facebook, twitter and many more other networking sites which is where the teams and also the solo start are gaining popularity for the way they are performing . So then the modern sports role models are people that have been seen as inspiring and very professional in the way that they have been carrying themselves through the best of their ability in the sporting arena of their chosen sports, in that they are continually being looked up to by people of all ages whether they are being seen as the villain or the hero of that sport in which they are playing. So then the role models are then seen as being important because it gives the people who are playing sports, someone to look up to and then aspire to be like in that sport. It also gives people a goal to achieve during their sporting careers at some stage. The role models are people who have played an important part in many lives. It could be then argued that these professional sportspeople are then just normal people enjoying the sports that they are participating in at an elite level. Then, however, when it comes to the role models status of the athletes, most people in society have then formed the opinion that the athlete has been made a role model because of the way in which their sporting actions have been reflected in many of the fans which they have, who have been following them. But then others in society argued many sports role models have lost their way and have been heading in other directions away from the sporting fields once they played in, which has then been seen in a very positive light as well. But then there are the Sports role models who have gone on to do other jobs in the world of sports like becoming coaches, and then as an assistant coach to the younger players that are coming through the ranks of the many sports. Then, however, once the athlete has become known for being a role model, there seems to be a positive energy that surrounds the athletes in that sport. But then there are many that have lost the positive energy they were given by the status of the role they were given and it turns into negative attitudes Then there are still the many young people and adults who then enjoy following the role model and then begin to then idolize the people for the professional way in which they portray themselves in their given sports. The role of the sporting hero according to Mcintosh (1979), argued that the sporting hero traditionally had been epitomizing social needs and masculine virtues and is then embodying the values which are learnt on the playing fields will then readily transfer in the everyday life. (Mcintosh,1979; Mangan, 1981; Whannel, 1995). Then, however, according to Vande Berg (1998) who also then argued that the construction of the sporting hero rejects the legacies of the past heroic ideals that had been interwoven with the contemporary reflections on the “celebrity” and commercial sports. In contrast with other stars of the media, sports stars embody traditional values that are held about sport, eternalized in the stories of the past, as well as functioning to provide wider construction of contemporary values and beliefs and social roles (Vande Berg,1998). Then, however, as part of the modern sports phenomenon, according to Whannel (1998) who then argued that it has long been thought that this heightened level of interest that has come about has brought with it the unfettered worship level. The idolization of the sports role model has come from many fans. Then it is certainly part of the reason that the media commentators that follow sports have been quick to judge the sport star when the star has been playing negatively because their behavior which has not then lived up to the social aspects which have then placed on the role model in which they have been criticized for in terms of the behaviors and the courage, loyalty and bravery (Whannel,1998; Lines, 2000). So then furthermore, when it comes to the status of the modern role model, it would then depend on whether they are male or female because it plays a role because the fans can then decide who they are following. It has become a saying that the pro athletes whether they like it or don’t like it, have become a role model in the sports they play. Then when it comes to the talent of the role models. It’s the talent that they that allows the person to feel some accomplishment but have then in the background allowing other athletes to achieve their goal. But then, on the other hand, it can be then seen that women in sport have become more of a role model than that of the men in sports. Then, however, it can also be seen that there are more young people in today society playing sports of some kind, in which they have been heard to be mimicking how the role model has played the game. Then, however, According to Fitzclarance and Hickey(1998) have suggested that even the families do provide to be early role models for children, other role models, especially in sports, provide a strong influence on children. Then, however, it’s the Athlete who that has been providing both the negative and positive influences which then depend on whether the behaviors which they have been shown to the public. so, then when it comes to the media, the role model which are then seen as being a good influence when it comes to the way in which the fans have then been supporting the players of the team because they can have an influence on the morale of the player. The media has also then played a major when someone becomes a sports role model is because of the many movies that have been produced have portrayed the person as being worthy. It could then be argued that the male sports stars are more often chosen to a role model than that of the female sports stars that have been more popular than that of the male athlete which is the

The modern sports role models are then seen as to be being a good thing for the morale of the whole team, in general, this is then because it can improve the self-esteem and the confidence that each member of the team. Then, however, the Role models can then be to be larger than life characters that can be seen through the eyes of the fans that have been supporting the player. Then, on the other hand, the players are being paid a large sum of money in which they have been given the opportunity to engage with the community in which they are living and the broader community.

So then, in conclusion, when it comes to the modern day stars that are being seen as role models are important of everyday life because they can help build the confidence and morale of the players that are coming through the ranks of the clubs and they can also then help with the personal goals that they have then achieved. So then as the many sports seasons come and go there will always be the modern sports models that will be coming through because they have shown that they can achieve the goals in which they have set. It also then means that they are the leaders in the sports that they are playing and have then taken the time to archive what the clubs want them to archive throughout their sporting careers. some of the modern sports people

Reference List

1. Fitzclarence, L. and Hickey, C. (2001) Real footballers don’t eat quiche: old narratives in new times. Men and Masculinities. Vol. 4 (2), 118 – 139.
2. Whannel, G. (1995) Sports stars, youth and morality in the print media, in McFee, G., Murphy, W. and Whannel, G. (eds.) Leisure: Cultures, Values and Lifestyles, LSA Publication No. 54, Leisure Studies Association, Brighton, pp. 121–136.
3. Vande Berg, L. R. (1998) The Sports Hero meets Mediated Celebrityhood, in Wenner, L. (ed.) Media Sport , Routledge, London, pp. 134–153.

Sports have significantly been commended because of the benefits it may entail to one who wishes to engage with it. Perhaps some of the most notable benefits would be a healthy physique and a positive mindset. This being said, one could be easily persuaded to choose a sport for themselves. However, among all the many sports recognized here in our country, which one would be best to consider? Generally, sports can be classified into three: individual, dual, and team. When choosing a sport, the classification can be of great help to identify which sport would sit best with one’s self.

This paper aims to discuss the pros and cons of two of the aforementioned classification of sports, namely, individual and dual. Before thoroughly discussing the advantages and disadvantages of both, it is best to define first individual and dual sports. As implied by the term, individual sports are played by one participant on each competing side. Dual sports, on the other hand, are represented by competing pairs.

Since individual sports are played by only one participant, it rewards the athlete a high amount of discipline, self-confidence, focus, and passion. Considering that the athlete is the only one standing on the court, the sole influence on the result is also coming from the player alone. Hence, developing one’s self-confidence and focus. Furthermore, every chance is also an opportunity to beat one’s personal best. This nurtures the athlete’s discipline and passion.

While this classification of sport has its own advantages, one should not disregard its disadvantages as well. The social aspect is definitely not a strength of this sport. Since the athlete competes alone, the formation of bonds as those who play dual sports is not nurtured. Moreover, the lack of support from a co-athlete can be difficult in certain situations. During times of a losing streak, it is critical for the athlete to maintain their play when their confidence is gravely affected. Dual sports, on the other hand, greatly develops a strong sense of solidarity and a sense of belongingness for its players. Since this sport is played in pairs, it is necessary to rely on and work together with the other player in order to succeed. Not only does this sport promote good sportsmanship, but it also helps to bring out the best in others. This influences the athlete to be more supportive, patient, and optimistic, not just inside the court but outside as well.

Disadvantages also exist in this classification of sport. One of which is sowing unhealthy competition between pairs. This can create a spiteful environment and can cause feelings of inadequacy to the players. While both classifications of sports impact one’s body and mindset positively, each has its own advantages and disadvantages. In choosing, always consider its pros and cons and go with the sport that would likely give one’s self an enjoyable experience.