Category: Art 2722

Introduction

J.J Abrams was born on 27^th June 1966 as Jeffrey Jacob Abrams in New York City before moving to Los Angeles, the city in which he was brought up and educated. He is a son to Gerald W. Abrams, who was a television producer in New York and Carol Adams, who was an executive producer in Television Company. Abrams, who is of Jewish origin, was educated at Sarah Lawrence College. Abrams is an accomplished actor, movie director, composer, and screenwriter. He is also a leading American in the television and film production. Abrams work includes actions, drama, and science fiction genres. He has won several awards including ASCAP film and television music awards for top series categories for his series named Lost. He has also won Emmy awards for the same series. However, many are the nominations he has received in recognition of his work. Such nominations include Emmy Awards, BAFTA awards, Directors Guild of America, USA awards, and writers guild of America (Jones & Johnson, 2009).

His work has received mixed receptions from the general viewers as well as the movie critics. Some of his work has been criticized as being cheap in the type of theme and plot employed. Such movies include Regarding Henry and the Armageddon, which received a very low rating by movie critics. Others like Star Trek were highly received by viewers and movie critics who rated them highly (Orson Scott Card, 2006). J.J Abrams has employed various production techniques to add value to production and to win over the interest of the viewers. These techniques include the use of visual effects, sound effects, and relevant graphics to make the movie to relate well to the viewers world and to create imaginations in the mind of the viewers. As he puts it, he likes working on stories that relate to people with something out of the ordinary. (Christina F. Abrams J. 2006)

Work Overview

J.J Abrams first ventured into the movie industry at the age of 16 years (Orson Scot Card, 2006). This was after he wrote the theme music in the Night Beats movie written by Dohler. This was a science fiction movie centered on a small town that was ravaged by aliens. Later in his college years, together with J. Marzusky, he was involved with the feature film treatment, which formed the basis for his first film, Taking Care of Business. This film featured among others, C. Grodin and J. Belushi. The movie is about a car thief who wins tickets to the World Series, but he is denied permission to leave until the expiration of his jail term. However, with the help of his mates in the prison, he is able to escape during an organized riot. Jimmy (Belushi) finds Barnes (Grodin) on the way to the World Series. He takes on Barnes identity the following day and spends his time in the beach house flirting with the daughter of the boss, and even held a meeting with a Japanese businessman Sakamoto (Mako). As the story progresses, Barnes losses his job but Jimmy gives him a consolation by taking him to the World Series. In the end, Jimmy sneaks back to the prison where he serves the last hours of his jail term. He is picked up by Barnes who introduces him to the advertising business.

In 1991, he produced a drama series, Regarding Henry, which starred Harrison Ford. This play is about a successful lawyer from New York who comes face to face with a robbery at a convenient store. He is shot at the right frontal lobe and in his chest. Although he survives death, Henry lost his ability to talk and his memory. The story is about his struggles to regain his memory and his speech abilities. This movie attracted various views from audience with some terming it as shallow contrivance which was out for cheap emotional payoffs. Despite this, some saw the movie as a well-acted piece (Jones & Johnson, 2009).

In 1992, J.J Abrams wrote Forever Young, a film that depicted characteristics of a romantic, science fiction and drama. The story dates back in 1939 when Captain Daniel (Mel Gibson) is set out for a test project. His girlfriend goes to a comma after an accident and Daniel requests doctors to put her in suspended animation to avoid watching her die. A number of events follow each other and Daniel is able to come back fifty years later from the chambers in which he had spent the time. After initial difficulties, he sets out to find his girlfriend in her current age and form. The movie was well received on its release with some terming it as the most inspired movie for the time. Together with Bruckheimer Jerry as producer and Bay Michael as the director, J.J Abrams produced Armageddon in 1998. This movie is about the effort of NASA to stop a gigantic asteroid from colliding with the planet earth. It featured casts such as Bruce Willis, Affleck Ben among others (Orson Scott Card, 2006). Although it was successful as an international box movie, it received negative opinions from viewers across the country.

J.J Abrams also for the first time produced a television series in the same year by the name Felicity which ran on the WB television network between 1998 and 2002. The series is about a college student named Felicity who had a crush with Ben, a male student in the college. On graduation day, Ben makes comments that make her change her mind about her career and decides to follow Ben to New York. In this series, he served as a co-creator with Reeves and also as the executive producer. Abrams also composed the theme music for the series (Jones & Johnson, 2009). In 2001, J.J Abrams founded Bad Robot, a production company co-owned with Bryan Burk. It was under this company that he produced works such as Alias, the Catch, Anatomy of Hope, and Lost among other television series. The movies produced under this company include Untitled Star Trek Sequel set to be released in 2013; Mission Impossible-ghost protocol released in 2011, Super 8 among others (Frederic and Agnes et.al, 2010). Originally, Bad Robot was part of Touchstone Television but after the expiration of his contract with Touchstone in 2006, the production company was moved to the Paramount and Warner Bros Pictures. J.J Abrams is the companys chief executive officer with Bryan Burk as the executive vice president of the company (Orson Scott Card, 2006)

J.J Abrams also took part in the production of the thriller movie; joy ride, as a co-writer. In the movies; Six Degrees and What About Brian, in 2006, he was an executive producer. He was also the director in the Lost series and Mission Impossible III which was starred by Tom (Jones & Johnson, 2009). In 2009, he was also the director of the star trek movie in collaboration with Damon Lindelof. This was a science fiction movie. The movie was about the effort of the starship to investigate a storm in the space. During investigation an alien ship emerges from the storm and attacks the USS star ship. This movie received positive opinions from movie viewers and critics. It also received recognitions through nomination for Academy Awards, Empire Awards, Hollywood Awards, and Scream Awards among others.

To add to his bag, J.J Abrams also created, produced and wrote, along with Roberto and Alex Kurtzman, the movie by the name Fringe which was a science fiction. In this movie, he also produced the theme music. The series is about the effort of the FBI to find out the cause of the unexplained occurrences traced to the mysterious universe. The earlier seasons received poor receptions. However, with the change of the presentation, the series which is in its fourth seasons has been receiving positive reviews. J.J Abrams is well recognized for his contributions as a writer, producer actor and a director in the American film industry. His skills and talent have been evidenced through movies such as Gone Fishing, among others which he wrote (Jones and Johnson, 2009). J.J Abrams has also established himself in the television series through his work as a creator, producer, and writer of series such as Felicity, Alias, lost, among others.

As a result of this, he has received various awards and nominations in the American films awards. Such awards include Razzie awards in the worst screen play category for his film Armageddon where he was a nominee, Emmy awards in the category of outstanding writing in the drama series and PGA award for the best drama category both for the television series, Alias. He also received nominations and awards in the Lost series. The awards included the ASCAP film and television awards, in the top television series category in 2005 and 2006 in which he shared with Giacchino Michael. He also received nominations in 2012 for Saturn awards fro his movie Super 8 in the category of the best director and the best movie writing. Other movies by him that have received nomination for the same award include Star Trek where he was nominated for the best director category in 2010, and mission impossible III for the same category. (Orson Scott Card, 2006). BAFTA Awards recognized him by nominating him to participate in the BEFTA television award in the category of the best international for the series lost while Directors Guild of America (DGA) nominated the same series in 2005 in the category of the outstanding director achievement in drama series. Other nominations include SFX awards for Super 8 and Star Trek and Writers Guild of America, USA for fringe series.

Key Production Values

Production values are aimed at winning the audience and keeping them interested in your work. J.J Abrams has used these values with mixed results. For example, the graphics in the movies and animations successfully makes the characters and the events in the movie to look real and to capture the attention of the viewer. Computer technology played a vital role in the development of the graphics. For example, the explosion and the fire that follow after the train carnage in the Super 8 movie were developed using the elements from the digital pro (Christina & Abrams, 2006). The movie, though analog in nature appear to be very powerful and is able to win the audience by creating moodiness as Abrams states. According to him, though the resolution of the movie is not so clear, there is something evocative about the movie. The use of sound is also able to add production values to this movie. However in the Star Trek movie the use of light was not appropriate. The producer employed excessive use of the orange light and plants made from plastic. However, there was great improvement in the succeeding releases especially through the use of special effects. Apart from graphics and visual effects, J.J Abram is also trying to connect with the imagination of the viewers. As quoted, J.J Abrams says he feels like telling stories to differentiate between what the audience thinks are important and what is actually important. He is able to convince them through his production by taking them to the world in which the movie is based (Christina & Abrams, 2006).

Conclusion

J.J Abrams is one of the highly talented individuals with ability to write, produce, direct and act movies. This talent is clearly seen in the work that he has produced. The work has been recognized in various circles through various awards and nominations. He is also a person with the ability to connect with the viewers through his work. This has also been a source of his success.

Reference List

Christina, F, & Abrams, J, 2006, A Touch of Death; Issue 13 of Alias Series (Paperback), Simon and Schuster publishers, New York.

Frederic, P, Agnes F, et.al, 2010, J. J. Abrams, Alphascript Publishing, Beau Bassin.

Jones, T & Johnson, M, 2009, Star Trek: Countdown (The Movie Prequel), Titan Books Limited, London

Orson Scott Card, 2006, Getting Lost: Survival, Baggage, and Starting Over in J.J. Abrams Lost, Ben Bella Books, Dallas Texas.

Biography

The late Arnold Abner Newman was born in the year 1918 in Manhattan. Arnold died in the year 2006 as one of the most successful American photographers. As a young boy, Arnold was raised in the city of Atlanta in New Jersey and Florida. At the age of 16 years, the young Arnold was enrolled in the University of Miami to study drawing and painting but dropped out of college and moved to work in a Philadelphia studio.

In the year 1938, Arnold was able to make 49-cent portraits (Grundberg, 2006). At the age of 22 years, he moved back to Florida as a manager of a portrait studio. After three year, he was able to start his own portrait studio in Miami Beach. Arnold moved to New York in the year 1946 to establish the Arnold Newman Studios besides offering freelance photographer services to magazines such as the Newsweek, Fortune, and Life.

Background within Photography

As a photographer, Arnold was very successful as evidenced by many influential personalities he photographed such as Ronald Regan, Pablo Picasso, John F. Kennedy, and Piet Mondrian among others. He believed that a photograph must be very interesting and exciting to a viewer despite the image of the personality in the picture, known or unknown. Credited for the environmental portraiture, Arnold ensured that the images of his subjects are taken in a controlled environment to capture fine details of the life of such personality.

He fancied taking photographs of his subjects in their work environment to display their profession. For instance, personality such as John F. Kennedy was captured in the lawn of the White House to show that he was a president as attached in diagram 1 below (Grundberg, 2006). On the other hand, his portraits of musicians are captured either on the stage performing or recording studio. With the help of a tripod and large-layout camera, he perfected the art of recording fine details in a frame.

Although Arnold took colored photographs, his most recognized images were in black and white. For instance, the famous black and white picture of Igor Stravinsky besides his grand piano was one of his best signatures as attached in the diagram 2 below. Although the portrait was rejected by the magazine that gave Arnold the assignment, its popularity quickly spread across the globe. To cement his successful photography career, the colored portrait of Alfried Krupp, a former Nazi minister and industrialist, in his factory drew a mixture of criticism and praise.

However, the fine details captured in this particular frame in the year 1963 could not be disputed as attached in diagram 3 below. In a rare admission, Arnold confessed that his depiction of Krupp was largely influenced by personal feelings (Brookman, 2006).

In his last days as an active photographer, Arnold is famed for capturing the image of James Burrows in the year 2005 within the NBC studio on the stage for the Saturday Night Live program as attached in diagram 4 below. This particular project was very special to the old Arnold because he had captured several portrait of James Burrows father several decades before (Grundberg, 2006).

Personal Reflection

Arnold Newman has had a successful career in photography and was a renowned tutor at the Cooper Union. In my view, his portraits are unique in the environmental setting and attention to fine details. Whether colored or black and white, Arnolds portraits brought revolution in the art of photography.

References

Brookman, P. (2006). Arnold Newman. New York, NY: Taschen Publishers.

Grundberg, A. (2006). Arnold Newman, portrait photographer who captured the essence of his subjects, dies at 88. The New York Times, pp. B5-B6.

• Identify the stylistic category to which each work belongs (example: Archaic Greek, Classical Greek, Hellenistic, Roman, etc.). Explain in your own words why each work is exemplary of this category.

Just as the master works of painters change through each generation as new styles and techniques are adopted so too are changes evident in the evolution of sculptural image and design as particular eras lend their techniques and styles to their creation. The statue Kourus, created in the archaic style of ancient Greece (600 to 480 B.C.), is an example of a classical style used initially by the ancient Greeks which was heavily influenced by the ancient Egyptians wherein the standard Egyptian frontal pose can clearly be seen.

The statue of Laocoon and his two sons was created in the style of Hellenistic period as seen by melodramatic and violent movement of the statue, a style distinctive of this particular period of history. Similarly the statue, Augutus of Prima Porta, is an example of a statue created during the Roman period easily identifiable due to the iconography associated with the statue as the power of Rome embodied by Augustus as emperor.

• What was the purpose or function of each work? You will need to discuss the subject: is a real person depicted? Or a generalized type? Is the subject taken from a story (history? myth, etc.?)? Do we know where it was displayed originally and who the viewers might have been? Be thoughtful and logical here. If the text does not give specific information for each work, what might we logically conclude from the general information given?

It must be noted that these Kourus statues were actually quite proliferate in the ancient Greece and were usually used as a means of honoring the God Apollo or as a monument to victors of particular games. As such, in accordance with the ancient Greek tradition of competing in the nude such statues are always portrayed as being naked in order to show the beauty of the naked form as mentioned by the ancient Greeks.

This can be seen in the detail attributed to the openness and muscularity of the piece with great detail being emphasized on the knee caps and rib case area. It is said that the Lacoome was originally created for the home of a wealthy Roman, probably Nero himself, due to it being found within an area located near the Domus Aurea. The inspiration for the statue came from the story of Lacoome in ancient Greek mythology who attempted to warn the Trojans of danger of the Trojan horse yet was subsequently attacked, along with his sons, by a serpent sent by Athena.

• What observations can you make about the relationship between the material (for example: bronze, marble, etc.) and how the subject looks. Does the material contribute to a particular effect?

Unlike the Kourus which was created from a single piece of marble or type of stone the Laocoon was crafted through the use of 7 interlocking pieces. A greater attention to detail and realism can be seen in this statue wherein through the utilization of white marble as a medium the statue seems almost alive, frozen in time so to speak, with an almost eerie accuracy in terms of defining appropriate human musculature. Notably the Augustus statue contains various references to divinity as seen in the various iconographies such as being barefoot with Cupid on his right leg (a subtle reference to his connection to the ancient Caesarian bloodline which attributes its ancestry to the Goddess Venus herself).

• In what way are these sculptures similar to each other? Consider key categories for comparison, such as: subject matter, scale, purpose, function, culture, etc. Be especially attentive to how the works look similar to each other.

When examining the statues side by side it becomes clear that each is a product of the historical period in which it was made with the similarity of all three of them being built to scale.

• In what ways are the works different  how do they look different from each other in spite of the fact that they depict the same generals subject (that is, the male figure, and the historical context of the work (what is happening during the period in which each of the works was made)?

Each statue has its own distinctive style attached to it, for example the Hellenistic and archaic Greek sculptures celebrated the beauty of the human form while the distinctly Roman style of the sculpture of Augustus emphasized the use of realism similar to the Hellenistic style but this time robed in clothing and with an emphasis on the use of particular types of iconography. It must be noted that the Kourus when compared to the other two lacks detail, this is due to the fact that it was meant to be a generic representation of general Greek youth and virility rather than a particular person.

The Photographer  Henri Cartier-Bresson

Henri Cartier-Bresson is one of the most famous photographers. He is of French origin and is considered to be the father of photography. Street photography, also known as real life reportage, is attributed to him because he assisted in their development (Picture1). He was born and brought up in France.

Since he came from a wealthy family, he was able to get support from them to develop the interest he had in photography. Contrary to his fathers expectation that he would take over the running of their family business, Bresson opted to venture into photography, a move that disappointed his father. Bresson received his education at the University of Cambridge. He took a course in English, which enabled him to speak an additional language. He also studied art and literature.

His interest in photography was inspired by Martin Munkacsi, who was a photographer from Hungary. He was particularly impressed by the photo of some African boys, which was taken while they were naked and in the process of running towards the lake. He was amazed that such an event would be captured in a photograph better than the numerous descriptions of such events in custom research papers and resolved to immediately venture into photography (Picture 2).

He took this newfound interest seriously and worked on it passionately. While others opted to express themselves in different ways, such as recording areas of their interests in custom essays, he chose to use photographs, which he claimed could communicate better than any other means.

The Henri Cartier-Bresson Foundation

This foundation was started to be a constant reminder of his contribution to photography and preserve his legacy (Picture 1). This foundation also honors some photographers with the Henri Cartier-Bresson Award to help them continue with their work. The award is a 30 000 Euros cash prize, given after every two years since 2003.

The award helps the photographer to complete their project, which would have been impossible without being helped financially. The award is given to a photographer who has done significant work in his career in photography. The photographer has to be talented and not so old in the career (Picture 2). Receiving the award is not the end of the photographers contact with the foundation because; the winning photographer is expected to showcase their work at the HCB Foundation offices in Paris.

This is supposed to happen after 18 months after receipt of the prize. Groupe Wendel is one of the major contributors to this award. The award targets those photographers who have adopted the documentary style in their work. To be eligible for the competition, the photographers must be nominated by an institution, for example, a museum. A custom essay could be written about the winners of this prize, most of who have been males, except the 2011 award that was given to Vanessa Winship, an English Photographer who is a lady. This could be a wake-up call to the ladies to take photojournalism seriously, just like they would do when writing a custom research paper.

Vanessa Winship, the 2011 award winner

This is a prestigious 30,000 Euro award that is given every two years. The recipients of the awards are photographers who exhibit quality work as well as creativity. Vanessa Winship is the only woman who has won this coveted award since its initiation in 1988.

Although Winship has won other awards like World Press Photo Prize and Sony World Photography Award in various years, the Henri Cartier Bresson prize is a major booster in her career. This is because of the cash prize that can be used to better her work and, if interested, write custom research papers on issues of concern to her. Being the only woman to win this prize gives her an advantage over other women photographers. A custom essay could possibly explain in detail why it has been hard for women photographers to be nominated for this prize. She was awarded this prize on the 14^th of June 2011 because of her project Out There: An American Odyssey.

The award is also a show of appreciation for contemporary art and the artists (picture 2). Her project Out there: an American Odyssey is one that attempts to narrate the events in the life of a person whose identity she does not disclose. The person is trying to chase after the American dream but seems to have lost hope. In the photographs provided, Winship does a magnificent work by producing photos that have both the classical and contemporary touch.

The photographer Vanessa Winships Works

Her works depict a careful choice of words as well as great images. This combination is one of the best ways of communicating powerful messages as well as feelings, which many works like the custom research papers fail to achieve. Winship has managed to use this method in almost all her works.

For example, the epic Black Sea: Between Chronicle and fiction has employed this method. Words are carefully chosen to create a poetic effect and also bring out the desired mood from the audience. She uses the photo of a girl, whose face is not so friendly, and accompanies it with words which describe the situation the girl is in.

Other photographs that show her expertise in photography are those taken in Georgia. They capture the landscape and images of infrastructure there, which bring out an image of a country trying to integrate modernity and what occurs naturally in the country.

Sweet Nothings, a book made up of a collection of photographs, is one of her many works that has brought her fame. The photographs are mainly of young schoolgirls from humble backgrounds (Picture 1). She was inspired to document the plight of the girls using photographs instead of custom essays, during a trip to the Middle East, where she met with the girls wearing old uniforms, which had tags written sweet messages. The photographs were taken carefully and at an equal distance. The girls stood gracefully in front of the camera and were close to one another (Picture 2).

The photographer Chris Killip

Killip was born in 1946 and is one of the people who have won this award. His career in photography started in 1964 when he quit his training in hotel management to pursue photography. He worked for Adrian Flowers before becoming a freelance photographer.

He was nominated for the prize in the year 1989. Some of his photographs, which are black and white, have been preserved at a gallery called the Amador. The photographs show the cost that people had to pay during de-industrialization. His work runs between 1974 and 1988, a period in which he managed to take photos of the laypeople in their natural setting and captured their sense of despair and struggles (Picture 1).

This would mainly be reflected in their facial expressions. For example, he would take photographs of young children playing in dangerous places such as near a burnt-down building, oblivious to the dangers they faced. Photographs of people queuing for basic amenities with a lot of tension or anxiety were also common in his works (Picture 2).

The Henri Cartier Bresson award is not the only award that he has received. His work has won many other awards, and most of the work is also preserved in museums, where people can go to see. Currently, he is teaching at Harvard University, maybe too busy with marking custom research papers. Although he may not be very zealous in photography as he was in the past years, his numerous works speak volumes about his skills and have attracted writers of custom essays.

The photographer Chris Killips works

Killips two books, The Isle of Man and In Flagrante, have a common theme that is the theme of the working class. It focuses on this class of people found in England. In Flagrante shows the picture of citizens who have been abandoned by the government and the consequences that arise (Picture1).

These people are depicted as ones who have been hardened by the difficult life they are living, unlike the characters in Isle of Man, who concentrate on farming for their livelihood. The people are a representative of 4million people who were estimated to be jobless, a subject that has attracted the interest of custom research papers writers. The characters are depicted as people who are helpless and hopeless as they pass the time idling around.

In Flagrante has no photographs of people who are at work, but Killip has integrated these photographs in his new book titled, Pirelli work. The book seems to be a continuation of In Flagrante but with a different theme (Picture 2).

In Flagrante, just as recorded in many custom essays, people are depicted as having despaired because of unemployment, but Pirelli Work shows people who are economically stable because they are employed and have a constant source of livelihood. It took Killip six months to compile his final work on Pirelli as he took photographs of the companys workers with their permission. The workers are captured in their natural work conditions, which Killip describes as hard and dirty but which the workers appreciate.

The Photographer Josef Koudelka

This photographer was born in 1938. The first public exhibition of his photographs was done in 1961. After his graduation, he got a job as an engineer, which he decided to quit in 1967 in order to concentrate on his career as a photographer (Picture 1).

While still working as an engineer, he would occasionally use his Rolleiflex camera to take photographs. He is noted for his daring work of taking photographs of soldiers as they attacked Prague. This piece of work was published without the identity of the photographer. He was given an award for this photo because of his courage (Picture 2). He has also won numerous awards, including the Hasselblad Foundation International Award in photography in 1992 and the Henri Cartier Bresson Award in 1991.

Bresson was a personal friend, and apart from Koudelkas work being nominated for this prestigious award, he also received immense support and acknowledgment from Bresson. The works he started with focused mainly on societal issues and the cultural orientation of people within that society.

Rituals and events such as death, which have attracted a lot of interest from people writing custom research papers, were featured in his early works. He later changed from this to another topic that has also been widely explored in custom essays: people. He took photographs of them in their various states in life, some in despair, and others desolate. He would capture the different human emotions, something that brought him a lot of fame. His focus finally shifted to landscape and nature.

The Photographer Larry Towell

Larry Towel was born in 1953. Apart from photography, he is also involved in poetry and the study of history. He is Canadian and was brought up in Ontario. He pursued a course in visual arts at a university in Toronto. It is while studying at York University that his curiosity in photography arose. In 1976, he traveled out of the country to work as a volunteer in India. After a while, he returned home, where he began teaching people folk music.

He also composed poems before turning to photography in 1984. He took photographs during the Contra War in Nicaragua and was also able to capture some scenes in El Salvador (Picture 1). His concern about damages to the environment caused by the Exxon Valdez oil spill compelled him to write a custom essay in a magazine. He became part of the Magnum Photo Agency in 1988. He is the first Canadian to join the group and has been a contributor to magazines and newspapers such as the New York Times. Most of his works are published in the form of picture essays. He won the Henri Cartier Bresson Award in 2003.

He prefers to work with traditional film and shuns digital ones. He believes that black and white photographs are the best because they have a poetic touch. He also holds the opinion that only black and white photographs can be used best in the investment of time and love. Not even the custom research papers can do this as many suppose (Picture 2).

The Photographer Fazal Sheikh

He is of American origin and was born in 1965 in New York. He received his education at Princeton University. He is a photographer who does documentaries to show the plight of the less privileged in society, a subject that is still a major concern to writers of custom research papers (Picture 1).

His focus is majorly on the refugees and those displaced from their homes (Picture 2). In the past, he has covered regions such as Sudan and Kenya, where there are many refugees who have fled Somalia. The photographs are taken formally while he is among the people who volunteer to give out their names and have them printed against the photographs. He does his photography in black and white, which depicts the clear picture of the people living in deplorable conditions in various parts of the world, something that custom essays on the refugees cannot bring out clearly.

The people then give him a brief narrative of their lives, which he prints near their photos. Most of his works have been compiled in four books and also on DVDs. The DVDs are distributed through a website that is free as he intends to reach as many people globally as possible. He has published four books, three of these deal with human rights. An exhibition of his works has been done at the Seattle Art Museum and the International Center of Photography, New York, among others. He is also the winner of the 2005 Henri Cartier-Bresson Prize.

The photographer Jim Goldberg

Goldberg is an American photographer who was born in 1953. He is also a writer who concentrates on the marginalized in society. He is famous for his books, made up of photographs he has compiled (Picture 1). He is interested in the cultural aspect of people and prefers to include texts to accompany his work.

The texts are usually written by the people he features at work. His work appeared in an exhibition held in 1984 at the Museum of Modern Art (Picture 2). The show featured works from artists that depicted the actual political and social situation of the people. Robert Adams and Joel Sternfeld were also honored during the exhibition. Goldbergs first work done in the form of a book was published in 1985.

The book was titled Rich and Poor. The content of the book is mainly people and their photographs, taken by Goldberg in their homes. The photographs are then followed by a brief note from the people and by them concerning their lives. The book has since attracted a lot of praise from writers of custom essays, save for one custom research paper that expressed mixed reactions. It was also voted one of the best photo books.

Goldberg works at the California College of the Arts in the capacity of a professor. He joined Magnum Photos in 2006. Most of his works have been featured in famous newspapers and magazines. He is also a winner of several awards, including the Henri Cartier-Bresson prize, which he won in 2007.

The Photographer Jim Goldbergs works

Goldberg is famous because of his works, such as Raised By Wolves and Open See (Picture 1). The first book, which was published in 1995, is full of pictures and custom essays which he compiled through a period of 10 years. The book captures the plight of dwellers of San Francisco, who do not have homes (Picture 2).

It is after this that he embarked on the other book, open see, whose major theme revolves around refugees who flee their countries and head to other countries, with a particular interest in Greece. He refers to these people as the New Europeans. His project to cover Greece, which had a massive 2 million refugees, was flagged off by the Magnum Photographic agency. He started the project in 2003. His findings were similar to those found in many custom research papers.

The people were living in deplorable conditions because they were not in a position to get a job as they were in that country illegally. As a result, as has been documented in custom essays, the people are unable to afford even the most basic necessities in life. It is this project, which was still ongoing, that won him the Henri Cartier-Bresson Prize in 1997. The money he received was used to cater for all the expenses he would incur as he traveled to other countries to complete his project. Goldberg describes himself as a storyteller who does so using documentaries, contrary to the way people view him as being political.

The photographer David Goldblatt

Goldblatt was born in 1930 and hailed from South Africa. He is famous for his works during the apartheid in South Africa. He is a graduate of the University of the Witwatersrand, where he pursued a bachelors degree in commerce. His photography career began in 1948, and his works are mainly on the era of apartheid in South Africa to the current state of the country.

He is not the only one who has explored this area because there are numerous custom research papers on this historical topic. However, his work is superior because he is able to capture the emotions that these custom essays cannot. He is the 2009 winner of the Henri Cartier-Bresson Prize. He has also published a lot of work which are recognized locally and globally. Some of his works on apartheid show the plight of the poor blacks, whose living standards have not changed much even after the end of apartheid (Picture 1). He has most of his works preserved in museums globally (Picture 2).

The Museum Modern Art is one of the museums that put only his works on display in 1998. Goldblatt did his photography in black and white until 1990 when he developed an interest in color photography. The latest developments in the area of digital photography encouraged him to venture into this area. This led to the production of quality work on his part as a result of combining the latest technology with the expertise that he had acquired over the years. He is currently residing in Johannesburg.

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Introduction

The visual # 4 (White Lines) is a part of the cartoon portfolio of Steve Breen. This portfolio has earned Breen the 2009 Pulitzer Prize for the agile use of a classic style to produce wide ranging cartoons that engage readers with power, clarity and humor (Hall and Jiménez par. 1, 3). The White Lines is an anti-drug cartoon that uses the classic features of the genre to raise the issue of drug use and demonstrate the multiple aspects of the problem as well as their correlation. It appeals to the emotions of the general audience through the disturbing imagery of death expressed in transparent, understandable symbols.

Analysis

Cartoons are supposed to raise present-day issues and appeal to the emotions of the audience through their images or symbols (Barnet and Bedau 141). The present cartoon is consistent with the first feature: as Breen explains, his works are inspired by the news that strike him, and he seeks to present such news in a similarly striking manner (Hall and Jiménez par. 13-14). Indeed, the cartoon appears to be connected to particular realia that should be described to reveal the message completely. The key hints of the first panel are the word police written in Spanish and the name Tijuana. These hints appear to be a reference to the Tijuana drug cartels and the cruel slaughters that would take place there as a part of the drug wars (Vulliamy par. 1-20).

The white lines on this panel are the lines that are drawn by the police to demonstrate where the bodies of the killed had been lying. The panel contains seven body-shaped lines. It does not mean that any particular slaughter should be taken into account: cartoons presuppose oversimplifying and caricaturing as well as symbolizing; besides, Tijuana itself could be regarded as a specific case that symbolizes the drug-related violence in general (Barnet and Bedau 158). At the same time, Tijuana has a particular importance for the US since been described as the gateway to the US drug market (Vulliamy par. 1). This market is demonstrated in the second panel: the words are inscribed on the shadow of a man who is sitting in front of the lines of a drug, and the final pile of white powder is particularly large.

The final pile of the drug on the second panel might demonstrate the growth of US market demand, but the key messages of the White Lines appear to be different. It is easy to notice that the white lines symbolize death in both cases. However, it should be pointed out that, in the first case, the lines state the deaths that have already taken place while the lines in the second panel are potential deaths. Similarly, the two panels sport different colors: the first panel is light and peaceful: the crime and the danger appear as the matter of the past even though they have left the lines as the reminder. The second panel, however, is performed in dark colors: for the US market, this pile of the drug still promises danger.

Finally, it should be noted that by uniting the two panels with a single name, the author demonstrates the causal relationship between them. As such, the slaughter in Tijuana results in the provision of the US market with drugs; but, in fact, it is the second panel that is the cause of the first panel violence. In other words, if there were no demand for drugs, there would have been no need for the death of the people that the first panel symbolizes. Such a perspective on the issue emphasizes the fact that drug dealing does not only ruin the lives of the abusers, it also contributes to the crime level in other respects, resulting in deaths of people involved in the business and those attempting to stop them.

The message of the cartoon, it appears, is meant for the mainstream audience. Even though certain groups of viewers might be unfamiliar with the significance of Tijuana for the US market, the police white lines symbolize unrest very clearly. Apart from that, the phrase white line can easily be associated with drugs nowadays. This image has already been used in the art, for example, in the 1983 song White Lines, the subtitle of which is Dont do it (Grandmaster Flash). In fact, the Oxford Dictionary does not suggest a drug-related definition for the white lines phrase, but the 1.16 definition for line is labeled as informal and describes the word as a dose of a powdered narcotic drug (Line par. 17; White Line par. 1-4). Therefore, it can be concluded that the audience must have no difficulties with understanding the imagery of the cartoon, and the disturbing character of the imagery is bound to appeal to the emotions of the audience.

Conclusion

The cartoon White Lines demonstrates two aspects of drug dealing and emphasizes the correlation between them. While it is necessary to know certain realia to deduce the message of the work in a proper way, the key image is clear for the general audience. This image, the white line, is the symbol of two types of deaths that are different in nature. In fact, the connection between these deaths is difficult to see at the first glance, but Breens work indicates it and through the disturbing imagery appeals to the emotions of the audience.

Works Cited

Barnet, Sylvan, and Hugo Adam Bedau. Current Issues and Enduring Questions. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2014. Print.

Grandmaster Flash & The Furious Five  White Lines. Online video clip. YouTube. 2014. Web.

Hall, Matthew T., and Jose Luis Jiménez. U-Ts Steve Breen Wins 2009 Pulitzer Prize For Editorial Cartooning. The San Diego Union-Tribune. 2009. 

Line. Oxford Dictionary Online. Oxford University Press, 2015. Web.

Vulliamy, Ed. Tijuana streets flow with the blood of rival drug cartels. The Guardian. 2009. Web.

White Line. Oxford Dictionary Online. Oxford University Press, 2015. Web.

Jean-Michel Basquiat was an American artist whose claim to fame was based on his incredible contribution to Neo-Expressionism. The fact that impresses me the most about the artist is that he was often referred to as the black Picasso of American Art (Kukje Gallery, 2013, p. 2). By the age of 11, he was fluent in English, French, and Spanish, and when he was only 17, he left his parents house. Another impressive fact about the idiosyncratic artist is that he collaborated with Andy Warhol (Artnet, n.d.).

Basquiat was also famous for his extravagant spending habits. In addition, he was involved in a romantic relationship with Madonna and produced a hip-hop record. The artists works were rejected by the Museum of Modern Art. Basquiats untimely death at the age of 27 is another striking fact that stands out for me in his biography (Fretz, 2010).

The American artists signature painting style, which he had developed by the age of 20, is the most enthralling feature of his art. I have also been impressed by his use of recurring themes as a strategy for enhancing storytelling. The artists ability to establish a dialogue with his African-Caribbean heritage through the medium of canvas graffiti is also outstanding. The idea of the SAMO project has made a lasting impact on my consciousness (AnOther, 2015).

As an example of the increasing recognition and appreciation of his skill, Basquiats work Untitled recently sold for $110.5 million (Pogrebin, 2017). Many of his works were inspired by Grays Anatomy, and he liked to work on many surfaces, ranging from canvas to typewriters. His artwork conveyed numerous hip-hop themes. It is hard not to appreciate the vivid grittiness of his works, turning candid strokes of a brush into real stories. Finally, the mind-body dualism that is inherent in his art makes Basquiats legacy a worthy research subject.

References

AnOther. (2015). Ten things you might not know about Basquiat.

Artnet. (n.d.). Jean-Michel Basquiat.

Fretz, E. (2010). Jean-Michel Basquiat: A biography. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.

Kukje Gallery. (2013). Jean-Michel Basquiat.

Pogrebin, R. (2017). A Basquiat sells for mind-blowing $110.5 million at auction. The New York Times.

Even if you are not a connoisseur of the Asian culture and just want to enrich your knowledge in the sphere of Asian art, you are sure to enjoy the visit to San Franciscos Asian Art Museum, which houses one the most comprehensive and splendid exhibitions in the world. In particular, the whole collection covers more than 6,000 years of Asian history and presents about 18,000 art objects on display, from more than 40 Asian countries. The artifacts come from a whole range of countries, including China, Japan, India, Thailand, Turkey, etc. (Tingley 2).

Before planning your tour to the museum, it would be highly advisable to visit the official website of the museum to refresh the information about the continents geography and history, as well as the museums most valuable pieces (Karp 1).

Having entered the building, I noticed that there is a great variety of options to attract visitors on the first floor. There is an Asian café, a souvenir shop, and special temporary art collections.

However, I would advise everyone who comes to the museum for the first time to start the exploration with the third floor. The collections presented there to reflect the major themes of Buddhism and include exquisite puppets and Buddha statuettes. All of them are incrusted with jewelry (Tuholski 3). Descending to the second floor, you can find Chinese, Korean, and Japanese works of the later period. In order to enjoy this part of the exhibition to the uttermost, you have to be attentive to the tiniest details, which are really worth scrutinizing. As far as I am concerned, I was mostly impressed by the refinery of the tea implements.

As has already been mentioned above, the ground floor does not house any permanent collections. It is designed to combine various traveling sets of artworks devoted to different topics, such as Balinese art, or yoga practices (Lee 2).

If I had to single out the factors that turned out to be the most fascinating for me, I would mention the meticulous representation of religious artifacts. They are sorted out according to their period, date, school, and meaning. Besides, the material, the technique, and even the implication of the authors are specified (Stucky 41).

For visitors who are interested in the history of a particular Asian country, it is rather easy to find rooms showing screens and scrolls from Korea, China, Japan, etc., which depict famous historical battle scenes. And for those who want to compare antiquities with modern art, the museum continuously expands its collection of contemporary works (Lee 3).

Despite the fact that the museum presents a spectacular collection, its audience is gradually aging. That is why they constantly struggle to stay relevant in order to meet the expectations of their audience. When you visit the museum, you see that lots of different strategies (including workshops and various kinds of short-term, goal-oriented excursions) are applied for attracting the millenials. I also learned that they organize several dance parties every year that include DJs, food, and drinks. By doing so, they want to make teenagers understand that art does not have to be boring.

In conclusion, I want to say that it was a really memorable experience for me. It is a rare case when a classical museum manages to combine history and modernity, thereby touching the feeling of everyone, young and old.

Works Cited

Karp, Ivan. Exhibiting cultures: The poetics and politics of museum display. Smithsonian Institution, 2012. Print.

Lee, Anthony W. Picturing Chinatown: Art and Orientalism in San Francisco. University of California Press, 2001. Print.

Stucky, John. Chinese Collections at the C. Laan Chun Library, Asian Art Museum. Art library journal 39.02 (2014): 39-42. Web.

Tingley, Nancy. Doris Duke. The Southeast Asian Art Collection. Oceanic Linguistics 55.1 (2016). Web.

Tuholski, Stan J., and Paul E. Rodler. San Franciscos new Asian Art Museum. 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. 2004. Web.

Introduction

The National Gallery of Canada is a place where visitors can fully immerse into the atmosphere of art, culture, and history. At present, the venue offers several displays including permanent and temporary ones. The purpose of this paper is to review the exhibition Canadian and Indigenous Art: 1968 to Present and analyze its messages.

Description

The exhibition was launched on May 3, 2017, and it will end on April 30, 2018 (National Gallery of Canada, 2017). The author has attended it twice to ensure that both major and minor details have been noted. The visits were made on September 28, 2017, and October 2, 2017. The display has several curators since it is rather large-scale, and the work on its creation has been quite enduring.

The senior curators are Katerina Atanassova, Christine Lalonde, Andrea Kunard, René Villeneuve, and Adam Welch (National Gallery of Canada, 2017). The institution on the platform of which the exhibition has been initiated is the National Gallery of Canada, which has been recently transformed so that it is more comprehensive. The main objective of the display, as well as that of the institution, is to exhibit the story of art in Canada.

Visual and Material Culture

The visual and material culture on display is rich. To be more precise, the recognized masterpieces created by the talented Canadian and indigenous artists are presented there. The chronotope within the works of art encompasses the latest decades of the 20th century until the present time. Importantly, the spatial organization is a strategy, which helps to make the meaning of the exhibition more explicit (Rose, 2016). Thus, all of the items have been arranged in chronological order to ensure that the viewers can follow the evolution and development of indigenous art. Each thematic area is rather spacious to allow the viewer to have an intimate dialogue with the art object.

Notably, the exhibition includes sculptures, paintings, photos, and prints. Besides, visitors can observe geometric abstract paintings, which provide room for imagination and individual analysis. The distinct feature of this display is the fact that the audience can reacquaint themselves with well-known Canadian artists (National Gallery of Canada, 2017). Also, the public can discover the latest acquisition by the art gallery.

Many of the art objects are works on paper; however, some items have been created using untraditional and other distinguished materials and fabrics. To achieve such an impressive scale, the institution has borrowed some of the art objects from other museums. Also, private owners and collectors of indigenous art have provided their artistic possessions so that other people also have an opportunity to observe the cultural heritage of the country.

To ensure that the general society comprehends the meaning of the exhibits, the authorities in the field of art have provided their assistance and guidance in interpreting the pieces. The display protocols have been compiled in a manner, which is understandable and appreciated by both connoisseurs of art and the general public (National Gallery of Canada, 2017). The approach employed by the gallery is aimed at community engagement since art belongs to all citizens; therefore, they should have proper and equal access to indigenous art objects.

Implicit Messages

The purpose of grouping the art objects is to show how the visual culture of Canada has been shaped and to stimulate the cultural identity of citizens. It reveals the way multiple themes have created the particular Canadian landscape starting from the second decade of the 20th century. According to Kotchemidova (2005), the vehicle of communication helps determine the sensory and symbolic mode of encoding the message (p. 10).

The compilation of sculptures, drawings, images, and installations allows the population to track such crucial milestones as the feminist movement in artistic expression and so on. The core message of the exhibition is that the Canadian population should build a strong connection with their land. An important part of the display is Inuit art, which is not known to many Canadians. It has been exhibited to help residents build a stronger identification with the country. To convey this message, the objects have been organized into thematic spaces or grouped (as exhibited in Image 1 in the attachment section). It has been done to build a narrative review of art in Canada.

The visitors can get acquainted with the collection using an audio guide, relying on print sources and protocols. Also, the navigation and design of the exhibition have been built efficiently and clearly to accompany and guide the guests from one milestone to another. It helps them to understand the importance of certain events and draw their conclusions about the authors statement. Moreover, the exhibition is built in such a way as to keep the viewers in suspense and lead them while telling about the cultural heritage of Canada. Sontag (1977) claimed that people need to have reality confirmed (p. 24).

Therefore, the strategy employed by the curators helps them in conveying the meaning of the exhibition, which is to present the entire worldview and stimulate the identification of citizens with Canada through direct interaction with indigenous art.

Conclusion

Thus, it can be concluded that the exhibition Canadian and Indigenous Art: 1968 to Present is the compilation of various objects of visual and material culture. The display has an important meaning, which is to build the identity of the population with the country through their intense contact with the objects created by Canadian artists. Therefore, the items have been grouped masterfully to ensure a narrative review of art development.

References

Kotchemidova, C. (2005). Why we say cheese: Producing the smile in snapshot photography. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 22(1), 2-25.

National Gallery of Canada. (2017). Canadian and indigenous art: 1968 to present. 

Rose, G. (2016). Visual methodologies: An introduction to researching with visual materials (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.

Sontag, S. (1977). On photography. New York, NY: Dell Publishing.

Attachment

Paleolithic

Title: The Venus of Tan-Tan

Location: The artifact is kept at the Museum of Natural History in Austria

Place of origin: Tan-Tan, Morocco

Materials: Quartz rock; ochre paint

A website where you found the picture and the information about the image: visual-arts-cork.com

The period of origin: 200,000-500,000 BCE (Venus of Tan-Tan, n.d.)

Physical properties (lines, shapes, colors, textures):

The use of harsh lines and shapes due to the lack of special tools. The track of the ochre paint was found by archaeologists.

Analysis of the formal structure:

Due to the simplicity of the sculpture, it is hard to suppose that there are numerous meanings. All the elements are aimed at depicting the body of an adult woman.

The natural subject: are there any details that have a symbolic meaning? Nowadays, numerous researchers believe that ochre paint was applied to make the artifact special and use it during rituals.

What is the cultural context of the work? What do the images tell you about the culture and the people who created them? Please describe in five to seven sentences.

Almost nothing is known about the cultural context of the discussed work. Nowadays, some researchers still suppose that the Venus of Tan-Tan can be a natural object that just reminds of a woman. Proving this point of view, modern researchers focus on the absence of a face. Despite that, it can be explained by the absence of technology allowing to carve tiny details in stone. The use of ochre paint indicates that the sculpture was used for religious purposes  it is possible that it was used as an ancient protective amulet.

Neolithic

Title: Thinker of Cernavoda

Location: The work is kept at the National Museum of Romania

Place of origin: Cernavoda, Romania

Materials: Terracotta

A website where you found the picture and the information about the image: visual-arts-cork.com

The period of origin: 5000 BCE (Thinker of Cernavoda, n.d.)

Physical properties (lines, shapes, colors, textures):

Although the lines are a bit harsh, the creator effectively uses the materials to create a particular mood. All facial features of the person are present, and the face seems to be the focus of the entire sculpture  using tinier tools, the creator manages to depict the emotional state of this person during introspection.

Analysis of the formal structure:

The structure is rather simple as it presents the person who is sitting and reflecting on a certain topic. The majority of researchers are sure that it is a male due to the absence of an exaggerated bust that was typical for the depiction of females. The artist structures and organizes the elements of the sculpture to depict the act of introspection and self-cognition in a detailed way.

The natural subject: are there any details that have a symbolic meaning?

Nowadays, there is no clear opinion explaining the way that such sculptures were used. It seems that there are no details that have a symbolic meaning and can be understood in different ways.

What is the cultural context of the work? What do the images tell you about the culture and the people who created them? Please describe in five to seven sentences.

Considering the lack of decorative elements and symbols, it is unlikely that such sculptures could be used for religious purposes. Instead, the creation of such a work of art can be regarded as one of the earliest attempts to depict emotions with the help of terracotta. Also, it seems that the author was trying to learn more about the best way to depict the human body accurately. In the end, the depiction of the act of introspection can be seen as an attempt to introduce a new theme. Unlike the Thinker, the majority of works of that period were devoted to common activities allowing people to survive.

Iron Age

Title: Chinese Terracotta Army

Location: Xian, China

Place of origin: Xian, China

Materials: Terracotta

A website where you found the picture and the information about the image: visual-arts-cork.com

The period of origin: 246-208 BCE (Chinese terracotta army, n.d.)

Physical properties (lines, shapes, colors, textures): The work presents a collection of sculptures including both people and their horses. The number of shapes used is enormous, but the colors and textures are the same for all pieces. More than that, facial expressions of different sculptures from the army are extremely diverse.

Analysis of the formal structure: The authors who created this collection of sculptures tried to use as many details as it was possible to clearly define the hierarchical position of each warrior. According to different sources, at least seven hundred thousand people took part in its creation.

The natural subject: are there any details that have a symbolic meaning?

In general, every unit of this collection has a symbolic meaning because all warriors and their horses were used to substitute real people that were supposed to be buried together with their emperor.

What is the cultural context of the work? What do the images tell you about the culture and the people who created them? Please describe in five to seven sentences.

When it comes to the cultural context of the work, it is important to mention that its creation took almost forty years. It was an attempt by the first Chinese Emperor to remain powerful even after his death. The entire army was supposed to help the Emperor after his death and let him enjoy the authority. Many people creating the work were also buried in the area. More than that, facial expressions of different sculptures from the army are extremely diverse.

References

Chinese terracotta army. (n.d.). Web.

Thinker of Cernavoda. (n.d.). Web.

Venus of Tan-Tan. (n.d.). Web.

Having visited the Picasso Black and White exhibition in the Guggenheim Museum in New York, I understood how the architecture of a building may affect the perception of the pieces of art. To begin with, I would like to say that the Guggenheim Museum in New York is a modern building with effective construction. It is an art of architecture itself. It is possible to admire a very building for several hours both inside and outside it without attending any of the exhibitions.

Being an example of modern American architecture, this building perfectly adds to the perception of various exhibitions. When I visited Picasso Black and White exhibition, I was inspired by the building, and having entered the hall I saw the paintings of a famous artist from another angle. Looking at the familiar paintings in the Guggenheim Museum, I understood that it is really important to make sure that the surrounding is appropriate.

Picasso Black and White exhibition is a story of a painters use of black and white colors in his works. This collection represents not the fact of the authors lack of colors, but his idea of underlining the shape and structure. Picasso is famous for his blue and rose periods and his works in white and black colors may be found in any period of his painting career. It may be said that black and white works were the first signs of his future interest in Cubism.

Having an intention to show the form and structure in black and white motifs, the painter wanted to deliver this mood and vision of the surrounding world to others. All of his paintings in black and white colors presented at the exhibition were abstract. The vision of the artist of the surrounding world was specific and even though I may not understand what exactly Picasso felt while drawing his pictures, I am impressed with this exhibition.

Having seen the building of the museum and being affected by the forms and appearance of it, I entered the hall with Picasso Black and White exhibition and my impression from the building delivered to the paintings. The forms presented by Picasso were amazing. I cannot share my impression and my thoughts as looking at each of the paintings I was also encouraged to see something new there. The lines in Picassos paintings were precise, as the lines of the building where the exhibition took place. Looking at the same paintings at home on the screen of a computer I did not notice that power of lines. The colors (black, white, and grey) were precise as well. All the lines were strict and the colors were saturated. It is impossible to see the shift of one color to another one. Each color is separated from the line.

Having left the room with the exhibition, I understood that the power of the surrounding is significant. Being in a building where lines are strict and the style is moderate, the perception of Picassos works was different. The surrounding influenced the way how I perceived the Picasso Black and White exhibition. The paintings which I saw many times at home impressed me greatly and affected my feeling of the works differently. The environment played a great role. It seemed that the building of the Guggenheim Museum prepared me for perceiving such a great artist.