Category: Apple

Introduction

iBooks have become very common in the teaching and learning environment (Levy, 1999). Their application has made the process of teaching and learning particularly enjoyable as they provide interesting sessions where the students can get illustrations for better understanding of the content of the book or other materials (Blane, 2003).

Teachers find this software advantageous as well since it has immensely reduced their workload meaning that they are no longer need to prepare their lesson plans on a daily basis because all the required information can be saved in the iBook.

These plans can be used for years unlike the printed ones that usually get worn out, and as such, there appears a need to prepare others with similar content, which might be tiring and taking a lot of time.

iBooks have modernized and changed the education system whereby before the technological progress, teachers used boards and chalk to explain the materials of the lesson.

It was tiresome for some and even harmful to the others (Levy, 1999) For example, it is unsuitable to those teachers who are allergic to chalk dust. In the modern learning systems, the teachers very often use iPods in order to engage the students in discussions.

Moreover, assignments can also be given to the students in soft copy (Minkel, 2003). A variety of books can be allocated by the teacher with the help of iBooks because they can be accessed easily by everyone, and they are inexpensive.

The fact that higher costs are associated with print text means that teachers can either purchase fewer print-based textbooks or opt for more iBook supporting electronic texts. Having access to a greater variety of texts encourages the students to read and develop a researching culture (Minkel, 2003). Thus, it can be stated that the iBook helps both the teachers and the students create a library of their choice

This application has improved the education sector and learning process as through the embracement of this technology, students are able to access the teachers notes even when they are away from school (Blane, 2003). It has helped to curb the communication obstacles of effective learning.

The teaching environment has also become conducive for those instructors who have a lot of sessions to teach. They can now comfortably manage all of them since they do not have to carry books and other materials with them (Minkel, 2003). All their teaching materials can be stored in the iBook which has made the teaching enjoyable and comfortable. Due to this innovation, the teaching profession has moved to another level.

Variables

• Independent variable. Using of iBooks at school.
• Dependent variables. The impact on learning as measured by the performance of the students

General review

The iBook has been given much credit when it comes to the improvement of academic status (Minkel, 2003). Students were the major target when the introduction of this application was taking place. It is important to note that Apple Company has contributed greatly to the embracement of technology at schools as it has modified the electronics to suite the learning process.

Results of the research conducted point out that this software is widely used by both the teaching staff and students in a number of schools around the world (Minkel, 2003). According to Minkels study, students confessed that learning became much easier for them and more enjoyable as the idea of using iBooks while studying was adopted and accepted (Blane, 2003).

What is an iBook?

An iBook is from the family of Apple Computers. IBooks have been put up after the invention of laptops that have been in the market since the year 1999. Upon invention, the iBook has been targeting the education and consumer markets. It has been made in such a manner to incorporate several applications. The iBook replaced the iMac in 2006. The iBook has become very popular among the citizens of the United States of America.

The iBook has transformed and changed the methods of teaching. It is no longer compulsory for a teacher to visit the classroom in order to conduct a lesson. Books can be distributed through iPods to students for them to master the material on their own.

In such away, each student gets an opportunity to more thoroughly understand the material since everyone reads it at his/her own pace any time he/she finds it comfortable. The interactive sessions between the readings also make the whole learning process enjoyable (Blane, 2003).

IBooks provide teachers and students with information that is up-to-date because they provide an easy access to the new and relevant information (Blane, 2003). It is also very comfortable because an iBook allows fast opening of books and various folders. It saves time and encourages the reader to read more and enjoy this process.

It also saves the students work meaning that when the battery goes off, nothing important is never lost; the system saves all the information automatically. In general, the use of iBooks is very convenient and easy enabling people of different ages to use the gadget.

Dependent variables

The impact on learning is considered to be the dependable variable since it is used to measure if the use of iBooks has any positive or negative effects on learning. It is important to consider this variable since it is the determinant of the effects on learning after using iBooks at schools.

It has impacted on the learning process in the sense that it has made the students change their attitudes towards education. They have developed a positive attitude towards the learning process. As a result, their grades have improved.

Independent variable

IBooks are used by students at school since each student who used the iBook will be tested to see if it has caused some effects on learning.

Purpose of the study

The purpose of the study is to find out if the use of iBook at schools has any effect on the teaching and learning process.

Benefits of iBook

The iBook has been found to have a lot of benefits. The most obvious advantage is that it saves space since it has a comparatively small size as only light materials are utilized in its manufacture. Because of such characteristics, the iBook is easy to carry around. When having different sessions of classes, it is really convenient (Minkel, 2003).

The iBook is also preferred by a lot of people since it has the ability to store a lot of class materials. It is manufactured in such a manner that several textbooks can be saved in it. It, therefore, reduces the need to carry various books.

Reading an iBook is also very interesting because the user does not have to thoroughly peruse the entire book in order to get a concept, the students can easily search there for the results to be displayed immediately. Such technology encourages the reader to read more. In some cases, the iBook is cheaper since there are no additional costs associated with it, for example, the printing costs, editors fee, among others.

This device is also preferred in learning institutions since it enhances understanding because the concept can be explained in various methods. A good example is the use of videos, 3Ddiagrams, interactive gallery and charts (Blane, 2003). The iBook can also be used for many other purposes.

Although it is used specifically for learning, it can also be utilized for entertainment purposes. This type of reading allows highlighting and taking notes. It also gives the students the option of sharing notes with the others. This encourages the culture of exchanging notes, as such increasing the probability of researching more (Berger, 2005).

How does iBook help the students?

A n iBook helps students in various ways. It helps them compile their notes in an organized and easy way. This application organizes books and notes according to their content and subjects. This makes their reviewing quite easy. When reading a book, it is also possible to take short notes and highlight the important points, if necessary.

By doing this, it helps students understand more and focus on the parts that need a thorough consideration. Noting down the important points enables the students to better remember the information. Referring to these notes is not hectic, as when using textbooks because they are stored as books (Berger, 2005).

Passing examinations for these students is much easier since they have all they need at hand. The iBooks also lessen the students burden as they do not need to carry several books to and from school because the iBook has a huge storage space where each and every book they need can be stored (Levy, 1999).

How an iBook is effective in learning?

Technology has come up with several ways due to which the learning process has been improved nowadays. The iBook is the latest of all. Apple Company invented this type of technology since most students have already embraced the technology. This type of learning has helped students understand their material of the lessons and pass the examinations well.

Statistics have shown that almost every student is aware of the iBook and willing to know how it is used. This device helps the students have an interactive session allowing the students to create and manage their virtual library in their own way. It allows the students to keep the books they desire and delete those that are of no use for them anymore.

It also enables one to exchange books online. This is cost effective since there are no costs of reproducing the book or lending costs like those at the libraries (Minkel, 2003). This application helps to sort different books according to the subjects and content. It makes it easier for the students to understand.

Since this tool ensures enjoyable learning, most students have adapted to it. It is boring at times to hold a book in ones hands and read it (Berger, 2005). This software is a savior for many students because it is designed in such a way that it shows a book with its full preview which helps the students get the full information on the matter they have been searching for.

As a result, they are able to easily pass an exam. The software is organized in such a way that any document downloaded or written in Microsoft word is saved in the format of a book. This helps organize the work of a student; any time, the students are in need of the book they can easily access it.

iBook versus hard copy books

The research has proved that iBooks are much better than hardcopy books are because the iBook can save a large number of books whereas the hardcopies do not allow that. They cannot be carried around since they are heavy (Gore, &Michaels, 2001).

Moreover, when reading an iBook, it is also much easier to understand the information because its illustrations are much better than those in a text book. It displays them in 3D diagrams with a number of more interesting things. However, one cannot deny the fact that it is also tiresome for some people to spend the whole day at a screen, which worsens eyesight.

In general, it must be emphasized that it is cheaper to have a virtual library stored at iBook rather than the print-based text books. For schools, it is also easier to introduce iBooks since the hardcopy books wear out after some time, which is very expensive in terms of replacing them.

At some institutions, the textbooks also get outdated. This means that they should be disposed and replaced with the others (Minkel, 2003). If the books become outdated, it is only a matter of downloading a new edition which is much cheaper than buying a new copy.

Performance of students using iBooks as compared to those who are not using it

Students who use iBooks enjoy the process of learning because learning may involve something, for example, videos, in order to make it interesting. When learning is interesting, it goes without saying that the understanding is faster. The time taken by the two different students using different books is different. The students using iBooks also find it easy to manage their libraries.

They are the ones to choose what to store in their libraries and what to delete from them. When a student decides to organize his or her libraries in his/her own way, it means that one is enjoying (Gore, &Michaels, 2001). Students using these applications have a possibility of exchanging notes with each other; they are able to read various materials unlike those students who are using textbooks.

Those students who carry textbooks to and from school are likely to get tired as compared to those who carry the iPods. It is logical for such a student to perform better than the students who use regular books do. Moreover, those using iBooks are likely to keep abreast with the times meaning that they better understand technological devices as compared to those who are using printed sources (Albanesius, 2012).

Significance of the study

This study is designed to establish the impact of using iBooks on the teaching environment and its influence on the teaching and learning processes.

Methodology

• Target population

The target population will be approximately 60 9 grade students from two schools located in urban and rural areas divided in two groups. The first one is using iBooks and the other one is using textbooks

• Sampling technique and sample size
• Sampling technique

The researcher will be working with the school management. 9 grade students from the two schools will be sampled using random sampling technique where students, from randomly picked urban and rural schools, were selected.

• Sample size determination

There are 300 students of grade 9 at each of the schools. From the 600 9 grade students, 300 using iBooks and 300 using print textbooks, a random sample of 30 students from each will be selected.

• Research instruments

Researcher has developed questionnaire to be used for collecting data on the importance of iBooks in the learning process, the changes they brought, disadvantages of iBooks, and performance of the student using them as compared to that of the students in the past.

As well, two-focus group discussions (FGD) will be used to collect information. The FGDs will also solicit information on the impact of iBooks on the teaching environment.

• Pre-testing questionnaires

The questionnaires will be pre-tested accurately prior to the main study on a selected sample of 10% of the sample size which includes 30 respondents who will be selected from each of the two schools. The procedures used in pre-testing the questionnaire will be identical to those used during the actual study.

• Validity

The pretest questionnaire will be validated with the help of the focus group to ensure that the respondents interpret the questions as the researchers intend.

• Reliability

Test-retest method will be used to test consistency of the questionnaire. The same questionnaire administered during the pre-test will be administered to the same sample of 30 respondents randomly selected for the pre-test after a week.

• Data analysis and presentation

Data will be analyzed using the SPSS software and EXCEL. Descriptive statistics (mean, mode, standard deviation, frequencies and percentages) will be used to illustrate the effects of using iBooks on the learning and teaching process. Coding analysis tool kit will be used in the analysis of the recorded information.

• Ethical considerations

Permission to conduct the study will be obtained from the relevant education authorities, and a research permit will be get from the department of education. The respondents will be recruited into the study upon their informed consent. The ethics form will be attached to guide the conduct of the interview.

• Research design

This study will adapt an experimental design which will show relationships between students using iBooks at schools and those who use manual books for their studies

• Potential Limitations of the Study

The study might face problems when it comes to understanding the questions provided in the questionnaire. Hostility from the respondents might also take place as the respondents may cast suspicion on the intentions of the interviewers. It might also be possible that the respondents will not tell the truth. If such things happen, they are likely to affect the results of the study.

References

Albanesius, C. (2012, January 23). Analyst: Apple E-Textbook Sales Top 350,000, After Three Days. PCMag. Web.

Albanesius, C. (2012, January 19). Apple Targets Educators Via iBooks 2, iBooks Author, iTunes U App. PCMag. Web.

Berger, J. (2005). IBook G4s and Mac Minis. Macworld, 22(11), 26.

Blane, D. (2003, October 24). Class in a box. Times Educational Supplement. Web.

Gore, A & Michaels, P. (2001). The New iBook: BIG THING Small Package. Macworld. 18(7), 16.

Levy, S. N. (1999, August 2). Apples iBook: A Mac to Go. Newsweek. 13(5), 54.

Minkel, W. (2003, March 1). Laptop. Lessons School Library Journal. Web.

A recent advertising campaign by Apple focuses on the promotion of its privacy capabilities. Particularly, in May 2021, Apple posted a commercial, which advertises its iOS privacy features (Apple, 2021). This one-minute-long video is a modern example of emotion-based marketing. User privacy is an immensely sensitive issue, which forces millions of people to seek devices, services, and technology, which would ensure their anonymity on the Internet. The promise to keep users activities on the web or on iPhone a secret constitutes the Pathos strategy of Apples recent ad.

The emotional appeal is seen in the way the commercial is structured. The ad centers around a young man named Felix, who uses various services, such as buying a coffee, taking a taxi, and ordering an expenditures report. Each time the service is provided, the person who delivered it follows Felix in his other activities, implying that more and more people know about his personal life, needs, and details. As more and more people gather, Felix becomes increasingly anxious and uncomfortable. Finally, he picks up his iPhone, which offers him an option of restricting outside tracking of his activities, after which all people literally disappear.

Felixs discomfort at the number of people who follow his activities elicits similar emotions from the viewers. The emotional appeal is done with the visuals, camera angle, and acting, without any words, which is indicative of effective nonverbal persuasion (McLean, 2010). In my opinion, the use of such imagery combined with the background song Mind Your Own Business provides a persuasive message that user privacy is an actual issue. However, I do not think that the commercial is successful in promoting iPhone because the customers have to take Apples promise to respect their privacy at face value.

References

Apple. (2021). Privacy on iPhone | Tracked | Apple [Video file]. Web.

McLean, S. (2010). Business communication for success. Minneapolis, MN: Flat World Knowledge.

Introduction

ACOT project which stands for Apple Classrooms of Tomorrow has emerged as one of the ground-breaking exercises in acquiring new philosophies of education. Having been established in 1985, it has focused on longitudinal studies and progress in partnership with government schools, universities, and research organizations. It was aimed at investigating the link between teaching and learning with the regular utilization of technology. These were done in selected schools which were taken based on the socioeconomic levels and the location of communities. This evolution started with a single classroom in each of the selected schools with expansion continuing with time. The selection process was done by the various schools and ACOT provided all the relevant equipment (Kovalchick & Dawson, 2004, 26-33). Blogs on the other hand are parts or types of websites maintained by people who add content for readers. Some of them are used as online diaries while others give news and updates (Johnson, 2009, p. 1). This paper will attempt to study ACOT Project and Blogs in the following steps.

ACOT Project

ACOT project lists the five levels of successful integration of teachers in technology. These include: Entry level; where the teacher understands the basics of technology that is available, Adoption; which is the level at which the use of the learned technology is used to accomplish effectiveness, Adaptation; a stage in which the teacher integrates the new techniques learnt into the classroom by involving the active participation of

students for productivity, Appropriation; a stage where the focus is shifted to cooperation and projects in the use of technology and lastly Invention, where new discoveries for the use of technology are ascertained (Kovalchick & Dawson, 2004, pp. 26-33).

While the first three levels involve active participation and learning by the teacher, it is in these stages that the technology gets to the teacher, who learns how to integrate it into the students, the last two stages involve students active involvement in the technology and this is where they are put in projects to open their minds for inventions and innovations in the use of technology. The first three stages can be considered as stages of conception while the last two as stages of the utilization of the techniques taught. Teachers work for success at level 4, where the students are actively involved in projects to stimulate their inventions. The teachers reported progress in communication, internal ideas, logic, memory, and collaboration from students that attended the exercise in our school (Kovalchick & Dawson, 2004, pp. 26-33).

Blogs

Students are to be guided from inappropriate content in the blogs, this can be done by encouraging students to take blogs as classes, and will help them engage in discussions as well as debates with other bloggers. The blogs should be used as forums; this will give the student a chance to express their opinion and thoughts which will help the teachers understand them better. However, strict stipulations should be put in the policies to curb violations of the agreements such as banning the culprits from accessing the internet plus any relevant sanctions by the school to avert indiscipline.

There is various blogging software, these include WordPress, PHP, and Apache Roller among others. Apache Roller is a Java blog software that powers blog.usa.gov, among others. It allows one to develop a full multi-user server that can contain all types of blogging spots and enables unlimited users, forums, and many exciting features (Johnson, 2009, p. 1).

Conclusion

ACOT has been evolutional in helping students acquire new skills, inventions, internal ideas among others. However more should be done to expand it to many institutions for equity. In addition, the use of blogs by students is very helpful as they can interact at a different level and share their internal ideas. Nonetheless, they should be protected from bad content. Generally, ACOT and Blogs can interact as students share their ideas from ACOT on Blogs (Kovalchick & Dawson, 2004, 26-33).

References

1. Johnson, M.D. (2009). Apache Roller 4.0 Beginners Guide.
2. Kovalchick A. & Dawson K. (Eds.). (2004). Apple Classrooms of Tomorrow Project (ACOT). Education and Technology: an encyclopedia, Volume 2. California. Web.

Introduction

Following the current trend of globalization, the international markets have become very competitive among industries today. As it has been observed, the electronic industry is one of the most prospective global industries with the high level of information technology across the globe.

According to Lipczynski et al (2009: 31), international marketers need to give special consideration on the global trends in order enables them to establish viable and reliable strategies for their growth and development. Particularly, the current international trading environment for electronic commodities is highly competitive due to the trend of globalization taking effect in the global community.

Moreover, the currently increasing competition in the global environment has necessitated the establishment of legal regulations of the contemporary business practices in order to uphold consumer welfare. This paper will discuss the external environment facing Apple Inc in the current international trading environment in terms of its markets, competition and business regulations.

As it has been observed, Apple Inc is one of the potential electronic multinational companies in the United States, operating in more than 5 countries in the western region. Considering that the company specializes in the production of electronic products, its highly competitive engineering body has placed the company high in its performance.

Notably, the company has established good reputation in the international market due to its quality-oriented production. Particularly, the companys products have been quite unique in the global market due to the way the company has employed special technology to produce them with an aim of meeting the needs of the global consumers.

For instance, the release of ipad by Apple into the market has aroused a lot of its demand following its unique features. According to Daniels et al (2008: 39), &the ability of an international organization to provide unique products which are capable of meeting the needs of its clients forms a competitive advantage for its success.

More so, fiscal policies like reduced tax rates on the electronics industry have impacted a lot in the Apple Inc. As a result, low production costs, most of the companys products have been fairly priced in the global markets. With many international markets becoming highly liberalized, it has been quite cheap for Apple to offer its products in such markets due to low custom duties.

This has largely impacted positively on the company, making it to remain highly competent in the global markets. For instance, in spite of ipad being instigated outside US, rendering it an international commodity, Apple made enormous amount of the sales of ipad within the first month of its release due to its exceptionality and reasonably priced rates.

According to Brooks (2004: 13), one of the most efficient international marketing strategies is entirely embedded on pricing, in addition to the brand name. Since Apple Inc is a very reputable brand name internationally, the affordability of its products has enhanced its prosperity in the global markets.

More so, the strengthening of safety measures in the information security has improved efficient marketing of Apples products in the global security. Particularly, the massive advancement of e-commerce laws has facilitated safe business transactions between the company with its clients.

According to Wolf (2005: 24), the enormous increase in the computer usage in the society has created expanded market for Apples products in two perspectives. First, the already established computer networks have enhanced easy marketing of the companys products in the global market by far.

On the hand, the company has been making huge sales of its computers since the demand of computers has been increasing significantly. It is important to note that, the current trend of digitalization has not only been effective, but also necessary in the currently revolutionized society towards the use of information technology.

The high income levels associated with the electronic industry have impacted largely on the level of GDP in United States. As reported by Wenderoth (2009: 51), the currently witnessed large expansion of the electronic industry has directly contributed to increasing GDP in US.

With world becoming more interconnected through trade, business people have been observed to be frequent users of online services. As revealed by Brooks (2004: 17), online businesses are becoming the major source income in the electronic industry due to their frequent usage of the websites to market their products. This has been an added advantage to the Apple Inc as it has steady and reliable market for its products.

It has been observed that, the US electronics industry has the potential to develop its channels across the world to be the most competitive. Being technologically oriented country, US has the potential to come up with the most sophisticated devises which would further ensure the economic development of the country (Lipczynski, J., Wilson & Goddard (2009: 33).

This is a very great opportunity of Apple Inc to facilitate its higher and reliable performance in all times of the economic situations across the globe. More so, the electronic industry has the opportunity to utilize government allocations in the country which are made to each sector annually.

In this regard, the performance of Apple Inc Co has been facilitated by favorable fiscal policies in US, as well as within the western region where the company has other branches.

As revealed by Arikan (2008: 55), Apple Inc Co has been managing its sales quite competently through the use of its stores and retail services. The company has various stores in US, where most of its outstanding products are made available to their customers. It has also been observed that, the company has various retail stores in the western region, which made its interaction with the customers closer.

As a result, the company has acquired competitive advantage of winning the confidence and trust of its customers. With reference to Lenscold (2003: 81), &retail marketing is one of the most potential selling techniques among global businesses to acquire the confidence of the consumers.

On this basis, the success of Apple Inc Co can be attributed to its underlying tendency to embrace the changing marketing strategies as necessitated by the increasingly competitive business environment.

According to Papadopoulos (2010: 111), social factors like cultural integration and multiculturalism are one of the most significant factors which can affect the demand of the products offered by a company. Considering the technological nature of the products offered by Apple Inc Co, the changes in social behaviors have been quite influential in determining the demand of electronics it offers.

Having full understanding of customer attraction and retention techniques, the company has been in touch with the worlds technology in order to update its products with the currently experienced technology. More importantly, the technology applied in the companys products ought to be socially acceptable among the people in order to enhance their demand.

Generally, consumers are often swayed by external influences about the products available in their local markets on this basis therefore; external influences from outside US would greatly affect the ultimate performance of Apple Inc Co in the market.

Importantly, Rugman & Collinson (2006: 89) considers the alignment of firms resources and capabilities of the firm with regard to the highly competitive business environment. It has been observed in Apple Inc Co that, most of its tangible and intangible resources are allocated quite appropriately with an aim of reducing costs while maximizing output.

Being aware of the existing rivalry in the electronics industry, the Apple Inc Co has strategically organized its resources most effectively by having numerous outlets both in whole and retail stores to enhance its competence in the market. As it has been observed, retail selling is one of the most powerful marketing strategies as it enhances a closer relationship between businesses and their customers.

With regard to Lowes (1994: 158), the closer the relationship between business organizations and their businesses, the more competitive and organization will be in the market.

With reference to the Porters 5 forces model of analyzing markets for successful entry and continuity, the Apple Inc Co has largely employed this model in its strategic corporate competitive advantage. It has been observed that, the electronics industry is growing most rapidly in the world with higher global electronics demand.

On this basis, there is high likelihood of new entrants in the electronics sector, following the high demand of electronic products. As a result, Apple Inc Co has largely comprehended this factor and has incorporated competitive advantages to bar new entrants in the industry. This has been enhanced through mass production where the organization has invested heavily to enhance economies of scale.

As a result, the company has been enjoying large economies of scale, making it to acquire comprehensive cost leadership advantage (Porter 2004: 35). Through this strategy, the company has largely realized its objectives and goals of being one of the leading companies in the industry by providing its customers with quality products at fair prices.

As noted by Guy (2009: 81), the current trend of economic changes will soon necessitate the use of energy efficient products, rather than relying on energy intensive electronics. Being aware of this implication, the Apple Co has been engaging in new innovations in producing electronics which are capable of utilizing very little energy, as opposed to the previous products which consume high energy.

To enhance its continuity in the future, Apple Inc Co has been engaging in the production energy efficient and portable, but very powerful electronics. For instance, the release of ipad by Apple was a great success for the product since it was highly powerful and quite efficient in energy utilization.

As a result, the company has largely encompassed the needs of the society with regard to the climatic changes to enhance reliability of its products in the long-run (Stiglitz 002: 17).

Nevertheless, with the current high competition in the contemporary markets, the legal framework in global markets has been restructured to regulate marketing effectively, while at the same time upholding consumer welfare (Morrison 2009: 11). It should be noted that, most organizations production strategies are largely guided by the specific market requirements with an aim of satisfying the consumers.

In this case the establishment of competition laws has impacted a lot on the Apples performance in the markets. It is presumed that, consumers need high quality products which are fairly priced, necessitating business organizations to align their production strategies with the needs of the consumers.

As it has been observed in Apple Inc Co, consumer welfare is highly upheld since this company has its philosophy based on customers satisfaction.

As revealed by Stiglitz (2002: 19), the European Union competition law focuses to maintain regulated competitive markets to enhance production efficiencies and optimal-resource allocations. With the society becoming highly dynamic, the competition law facilitates technological progression through innovations and inventions in the industrial sector.

In this regard, the Apples Inc Co strategy of enhancing sustained resources allocation to minimize costs seems to conform to the law in pursuit of promoting consumers welfare. More specifically, efficient allocation of resources among business organizations facilitates fair pricing of the consumer products, which acts as a very efficient strategy to promote and safeguard consumer welfare.

On this basis, Apple In Co has largely experienced allocative efficiency which has in turn has attributed to the consumers welfare through fair pricing of its final products.

As depicted by the European Union Law, large market shares more than necessary assumes market domination by the firm, which is unlawful. According to Dunning & Lundan (2008: 29), abusive practices among organizations seem to undermine fair competition in the market, which to an extent may contribute to violation of consumer welfare.

For instance, the act of copywriting other firms production techniques or commodities may seem abusive and is ultimately not accepted by the law. More so, unfair pricing to undermine the other firms within the market is also considered as unfair practice among business organizations.

As a result, the EU Commission Law imposes huge fines to firms which try to practice dominance activities in the market, which may interfere with market coherence and cause unnecessary competitions. As observed in the Apple Inc Co, such malpractices in its marketing practices are not evident, as it considers the welfare of their other firms as an ultimate strategy to success in the entire industry.

With the establishment and enacting of the competition law, the buyers are indirectly empowered to ensure that suppliers and companies provide the best products at the given prices. As noted by Wenderoth (2009: 57), the reinforcement of the competition law facilitates development of market-oriented policies, which in turn triggers higher competition among producers with the aim of enticing the consumers.

Since competition will be high and fair, development of innovation and invention will be facilitated, especially with the current liberalizations in global trade. With regard to the Apple Inc, the establishment of the EC Competition Law has enhanced its full devotion to provide consumers with quality products as indicated by its brands. As a result, the company has been observed to promote consumer welfare largely.

Particularly, the competitive law has given the buyers the ultimate power to decide willfully their seller choices with regard to their preferences and tastes.

Conclusion

As it has been observed, the currently competitive global markets have necessitated restructuring of corporations to enhance their competence in the market. With the massive globalization in the contemporary society, Apple Inc Co has been focusing its products to conform to the global needs.

As the information technology advances, the company has bee found to have strong potential market in the long-run, since its products are largely conforming to the global trends.

More so, the recently developed Competition Law has facilitated its innovations to meet the needs of its consumers. As a result, success has largely been achieved in the company due to its responsiveness to the global needs and effective marketing strategies.

References List

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Brooks, I., Weatherston, J. & Wilkinson, G. (2004) The International Business Environment. New York: Prentice Hall, 3-27.

Daniels, J. Radebaugh, L. & Sullivan, D. (2008). International Business: Environments And Operations. New Jersey: Addison-Wesley, 34-59.

Dunning, J. & Lundan, S. (2008) Multinational Enterprises and the Global Economy. London: Edward Elgar Press, 21-69.

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Lipczynski, J., Wilson, J. & Goddard, J. (2009) Industrial Organization: Competition, Strategy and Policy. New York: Prentice Hall, 26-49.

Lowes, P. (1994) Companies and Markets: Understanding Business Strategy and the Market Environment. New York: Blackwell Publishing, 157-169

Morrison, J. (2009) International Business: Challenges in a Changing World. London: Palgrave Books, 5-16.

Papadopoulos, A. (2010) The International Dimension of EU Competition law and Policy. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 105-127.

Porter, M. (2004) Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors. Washington, DC: The Free Press, 11-59.

Rugman, A. & Collinson, S. (2006) International Business. San Francisco: Prentice Hall, 79-92.

Stiglitz, J. (2002) Globalization and its Discontents. London: Penguin Books, 6-24.

Wenderoth, M. (2009) Particularities in the International Investment. London: Wiley Publishers, 45-61.

Wolf, M. (2005) Why Globalization Works. Yale University: Yale University Press, 22-59.

David Einhorn, the hedge fund manager in Greenlight Capital Inc., sued Apple to protest against the companys intention to limit the issue of preferred stock because this operation could decrease the possible profits of investors. Einhorn supports his decision to block an Apple shareholder proposal developing the idea that having $137 billion cash pile, Apple is obliged to provide the increased returns for shareholders without any limitations in relation to preferred stock (Lessin, Demos, and Benoit). The limitations for issuing preferred stock in the form of the shareholder vote is the first step to break the cash balance and ignore the investors interests (Denning). Thus, according to Einhorn, it is necessary to issue preferred stock basing on the operating cash flow and contributing to a 4% dividend rate (Rubin). From this point, Apple intends to decrease dividend payments with references to the definite limitations when the focus on preferred stock can be advantageous for growing the investors profits (Lessin and Demos). It is necessary to note that Einhorn stresses on issuing preferred stock without any limitations in order to meet shareholders interests and increase their profits basing on the companys cash instead of contributing to the stock decline.

The problem is in the fact that the developing situation provides evidences for supporting the publics idea that Apple is at risk of the stock decline without providing the opportunities for investors to get more cash (Lessin, Demos, and Benoit). The compromise in relation to issuing preferred stock in order to meet the interests of Einhorn and his supporters can be discussed as the alternative course of action for Apple because today the positions of Apple within the industry are argued by marketers referring to Einhorns claim and associated discussions. Thus, Apple can give more cash to investors basing on the dividends and returns because the company has the necessary resources (Winkler).

The situation with issuing preferred stock in Apple can be discussed as challenging because the strategies and approaches of the companys representatives contribute to supporting the viewpoint that Apple can lose its positions within the market under the impact of growing competitiveness (How to Tap Apple: High-Yield Stock). Furthermore, accentuating the proposal, Apple can be discussed as orienting to become an outlier within the industry (Lessin, Demos, and Benoit). Thus, it is necessary to pay attention to changing the companys tactics and strategies in relation to providing dividends.

Works Cited

Denning, Liam. Apples Investor Charity Begins at Home. 2013. Web.

How to Tap Apple: High-Yield Stock. 2013. Web.

Lessin, Jessica, and Telis Demos.Einhorn Presses Case Against Apple. 2013. Web.

Lessin, Jessica, Telis Demos, and David Benoit. Apple Cash Pile Sets Off a Battle. 2013. Web.

Rubin, Ben. Einhorn Sues Apple Over Preferred Stock Plan. 2013. Web.

Winkler, Rolfe. Peeling Cash Off Apple. 2013. Web.

Today, the smartphones produced by Apple Inc. are familiar to many persons. This market is competitive, and new versions of the products are presented almost every year when the production of the outdated models is regularly discontinued. The market is based on improvements and innovations in the sphere that is why the outdated models cannot compete during a long period of time. It is possible to discuss this idea using the example of the Apple iPhone 3G.

From this point, it is necessary to assess the qualities of the Apple iPhone 3G which was launched in 2008 as a revolutionary variant of the smartphones of the second generation with GPS and 3G possibilities, then it was proposed as the budget model, and later its production was ceased. The Apple iPhone 3G can be discussed as an outdated model of smartphones in relation to such criteria as the software used, hardware features, Internet connectivity, and additional specifications presented in this model as innovative.

The software and hardware are the important characteristics of smartphones which influence the aspects of the devices work. The Apple iPhone 3G used iPhone OS 2.0 as the software which can be discussed as improved for the period of 2008, but it is updated in comparison with the modern versions of the operating systems for the family of Apple iPhones.

Furthermore, the main specifications of the smartphones hardware did not change much in comparison with the previous models characteristics. The designers did not reinvent the model, but added some new features to it (Mannion 32).

The Apple iPhone 3G operated the support memory of Numonyx which was the Intel/STMicro spin-off, and it included 16 Mbytes of NOR flash and 8 Mbytes of pseudo-SRAM (Mannion 30-32). Moreover, the communication function was based on the Skywords SKY77340 824-to 915-MHz quad-band GSM/EDGE, and it is important to note that this component was also used in the original iPhone.

The work of battery was based on the Linear Technology LTC4088-2. Such features as the absence of significant differences in the look in comparison with the original iPhone and the usage of the same 2-Mpixel camera can be discussed as negative characteristics of the model which were determined after the release of the Apple iPhone 3G (Mannion 30-32).

Launching the product, the company declared the considerable improvements related to the Internet connectivity. Thus, the interactive experience of clients was based on AT&Ts High-Speed Packet Access 3G network. In spite of the fact the manufactures paid attention to the clients Web browsing experience, the download speed was rather low in comparison with the expected speed of 700K to 1.7Mbps. It is also low in comparison with the contemporary standards which are approximately 4,290Kbps.

However, some innovations and improvements in the model were also presented. They are the built-in GPS, the exchange support based on Microsoft ActiveSync, the possibility to use Ciscos IPSec VPN client, the orientation to Wi-Fi Protected Access 2, and the access to new developed App Store (Cox 14; Shaw 28). Although these improvements were current and necessary for 2008, today the Apple iPhones and the other smartphones have all these characteristics as basic ones.

Basing on the examined criteria, it is possible to conclude that the Apple iPhone 3G as the representative of the second generation of smartphones was the improved model of the original iPhone, but the basic characteristics were almost unchanged. Thus, the features and specifications of the Apple iPhone 3G cannot be discussed as innovative in comparison with the modern standards developed for the iPhones of the sixth generation.

Works Cited

Cox, John. IPhone 3G Has Corporate Feel. Network World 16 Jun. 2008: 14. Print.

Mannion, Patrick. Apple iPhone 3G Exposed. Electronic Engineering Times 10 Nov. 2008: 30-32. Print.

Shaw, Keith. Review: iPhone 3G Makes Great Greater. Network World 21 Jul. 2008: 28. Print.

As at the end of 2009, what was the major strategic challenge facing Apples senior management?

Apple is a global brand and a market leader. However, it is now battling to keep up due to strategic crisis resultant from a range of internal and external factors core to its design and related business strategy specifications. Although computer sales soured considerably for Apple prior to 2008, the companys management faced numerous challenges in deciding on its various product categories and had to take precautionary measures to avoid the following notable issues that stood out in its previous years of operation (Apple Inc. 4).

1. Emphasis on the use of proprietary designs as opposed to mutually exclusive designs that can be cloned by other manufacturers.
2. Placing excessive focus on style and design at the expense of the real performance of its products.

The above were the companys key business strategic specifications.

Apples generic strategy and a brief description

Overview

Apple Inc. has gone out of its way to bring about strategic value in the manufacture of computers and other related products in its industry of operation. The company has managed to stand out from its competitors with its emphasis on design, quality, elegance, outstanding customer service while at the same time outsourcing actual production to trusted electronics manufacturers. Even so, Apple has encountered various challenges ranging from stiff competition to the commoditizing of the notebook market (Apple Inc. 8).

Generic strategy

Since its inception, Apple has been pursuing a wide differentiation strategy by producing exceptionally high quality designs with customized service. The companys strategy is broad, placing emphasis on unsophisticated product users to special needs high end users.

The competitive intensity in the industry segments in which Apple competes

The advent of personal computers and notebook usage have resulted in intensive competition characterized by dozens of manufacturers selling in the already saturated computer market globally. Consequently, the penetration of computer in the day-to-day life of individual customers and businesses has led to the gadget becoming a necessity and more of a commodity product. Most users place more emphasis on business economy as opposed to sophisticated features.

Consequently, this has led to the upsurge of low end products from such competitors as Dell, Lenovo and HP. Further, the similarity of product features resulting from standardized industry settings has set the stakes high hence necessitating Apple to rethink its strategy (Apple Inc. 15).

The specific strength or weakness, opportunity or threat that explain the challenge, e.g. a strength that is threatened, an external threat that is looming, etc.

The most apparent threats facing Apple Inc. include relatively prices on the companys products, incompatibility with other company products and increased competition from such companies as Dell and HP. In addition, there seems to be increased music downloads with increased competition.

The above can be perceived to be the main external threats facing Apple Inc. All in all, Apple has designed a strategy to stay aloof of the competition by coming up with high end products while still producing products for low end users. This factor has played a huge role in preventing market share erosion. Case in point is the production of the high end iPhone 4S while still maintaining the production of the free on contract iPhone 3gs.

In addition, Apple Inc. has proven that it does not need to be the market leader. This is because the company has managed to maintain a growing customer base with the production of subsequent devices. Consequently, the firms revenues have continually superseded those of competitors. With continued innovations in such areas as cloud computing among other areas, Apple Inc. is bound to stand out from the existing and future competitive forces (Apple Inc. 16).

Works Cited

Apple Inc.: The Steve Jobs Effect. Apple Case Study, 1-16. Web.

Since its inception, apple has witnessed one success after the other. It invested in high quality products which made it a market leader from the very earlier days of its incorporation. Borrowing from the famous saying that successful companies do not compete in a sector but rather strive to shape the nature of the sector, Apple endeavors to technologically improve its products.

The firm heavily invests in research and development to ensure that it keeps up with the ever changing customer needs. Unfortunately, despite the successes, the competitive nature of the technology industry poses some strategic challenges to Apple firm.

The main strategy of apple has been to come up with state-of-the-art technology that would satisfy customer needs. Products like iTunes and iPods that apple introduced to the market in 2006, has enabled the firm to command a substantial percentage of customers.

Moreover, in the year 2007 Apple introduced an I-Phone which not only helped the firm in increasing its market share, but also led to rise in prices of the firms stocks. With substantial efforts directed towards innovation, Apple has been able to be a technological leader in the industry.

However, the firm operates in a first-cycle market where there has been a paradigm shift in technology. The competition especially in personal computers is very stiff and each firm in the industry is trying to outsmart the others. Apple can be able to comfortably offer it products at high prices to the crateful design community.

However, the reverse is true for personal computers to individuals unless someone is looking for sophisticated features. On the same note, other firms are offering their products at lower prices than Apple. It is important to note that in the technology industry, it is impossible for a firm to maintain its competitive advantage for long.

Despite the advances that Apple has been able to make, there are new threats in the industry. Switching costs in the technology industry has drastically reduced thus increasing the rivalry from other firms for example, Dell, HP and IBM. On the same note, switching costs for customers are low thus placing the customers at a very strong negotiation position.

This requires strategies that can increase the switching costs. Moreover, the shrinking United States market calls on the firm to venture into other markets. Unfortunately, in a market where regulation is not that that efficient imitation can not be avoided and Apple needs to enhance its strategic decisions.

Apple has various weaknesses which include its heavy investment in research thus increasing its operating costs. Additionally, the firm highly depends on Motorola and IBM for the processor chips which put it in a precarious position incase the firms make unfavorable decisions.

However, Apple has various strengths vital for its future endeavors. Firstly, its closed operating system is secure and not susceptible to computer viruses and hacking. Secondly, it designs complete products which not only come with applications but also peripheries. Additionally, the firm has been praised for its high horizontal and vertical integration. Similarly, the firm is design and innovation oriented which is a crucial feature in the technology industry.

Despite the strategic challenges facing Apple, the firm has many opportunities to solidify its market control. One of the opportunities is to take advantage of Mac OS which has gained the reputation of being safe, reliable and secure among the customers.

Similarly, Apple can capitalize on exposing the weaknesses of its closest competitor, Microsoft, and thus sell its brand as a superior one. Moreover, the firm will have to increase its overseas outlets to ensure that it increases its sales. However, it is important to note that strategic decisions will need to be made faster and effectively to avoid imitation and to counter its competitors.

Introduction

Every business organization is unique with regard to how they craft and execute business strategies, as well as how they operate their business activities. Porters value chain developed in 1985 recognizes that business organizations are basically an integration of activities geared towards designing, producing, marketing, delivering and supporting products and services.

Every business organization has a specific and unique value chain which is the potential source of their competitive advantage. Value chain analysis enables an organization in determining which business strategy to adopt. Strategies such as cost leadership and differentiation are highly informed by value chain analysis (Henry, 2008, p.102).

Value chain activities have costs attributed to them which influence their inter-relationships with other activities both internal and external, to an organization. The performance and competitiveness of an organization is determined by how effective an organization manages the various value chain activities.

SWOT analysis examines an organizations key business operations and structure, history and products, as well as revenue and strategies. The study is about both internal and external factors affecting an organizations performance and competitiveness. The knowledge of an organizations value chain is crucial in determining where an organizations strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats lie (Henry, 2008, p.117).

SWOT Analysis of Apple Inc

Strengths

One of the greatest strength of Apple Inc is the ability of the organization to innovate products such as i-Pod and i-Tunes. Constant innovation and development of products keeps Apples competitors at bay as the organization continues to be competitively advantaged. Apples strength also comes from its highly dynamic and interactive iTunes online stores.

This online store enables Apple to reach a large number of online customers and has a world market share of 82% selling at least two million songs on a daily basis. Apples organizational architecture is another internal factor that has given Apple a competitive advantage (Henry, 2008, p.141).

Weaknesses

One of the weaknesses of Apple computers is that it market segment target is highly limited as the organization has failed to target the segment of the market that is not computer literate.. Another weakness of the organization arises due to lack of customization of their computer and digital media products and services. This does not provide their customers with the opportunity to by personalized products (Henry, 2008, p.141).

Opportunities

The growing demand for computers and digital media is an opportunity at the disposal of Apple Inc. Another opportunity for Apple Inc is that the Buyers of computers and digital media products such as the iPod and iTunes are increasingly becoming more educated in terms of what they really want.

The expansion of communication and technological integration also provides an important opportunity for Apple Computers to expand its business operations. Another business opportunity at the disposal of Apple Inc is that of partnering with other industry leaders to produce more innovative products for their customers (Henry, 2008, p.141).

Threats

Major threats to the operation of Apple computers, digital media products and services include the ever changing nature of the computer industry, stiff competition from other market players especially those from Asian countries, price difference between computer and other digital media products and brands. The pace at which technological advancement is taking place is another threat to the operations of Apple Computers (Henry, 2008, p.141).

The Core Competences and Distinctive Competence of RIM Blackberry

Strategy delineates the aspirations of an organizations management for strategic business operations in the future. RIM Blackberry differentiation strategy is a collection of initiatives that are undertaken by the organizations management at various levels in the organizational hierarchy and thus makes it harder to be imitated by competitors, despite operating in a standard industry technology (knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu, 2010).

RIM Blackberrys smart phones model of business is hard to imitate as it also involves unrivalled experience and expertise in supply chain management and logistics. Most of RIM Blackberrys competitors are not in a position to manage such an unrivalled supply chain management and logistics necessary for implementing (knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu, 2010).

SWOT Analysis of Dell Inc

Strengths

One of the most important strengths of Dell Inc over the past decades has been a well crafted business policy. Dells straightforward direct-sales business model has been described as highly efficient. Dell sells its products directly through the organizations website. Due to its efficiency the business organization is able to sell its products and services at relatively low prices as compared to those of its marketplace competitors such as Lenovo (Henry, 2008, p.141).

The direct sales business model allows Dell clients and customers to customize their computers according to their specific needs. This enables customers to get more options with regard to both portability and performance of their products. In addition to enabling full customization of computer products, Dells direct sales model results into fast delivery of products and services (Pinegar, 2002, p. 4). As a result, Dell Inc has been over the years able to capture the home users segment of computer markets especially in the US.

Dell has been able to make enormous profits from cost saved from this supply chain management and logistics system. The organization has a well established relationship with its suppliers, as well as an essential inventory turn around. These have led to large costs being saved by the organization which could then be passed on to customers through reduced prices of products and services (Pinegar, 2002, p. 5).

Dell Inc makes unique products which are based on industry-standard technologies. Despite the organizations products not being exciting or sexy, they are more powerful and cheap. For instance, Dells DJ Ditty music player are relatively cheap in price and extremely powerful in functionality as compared to Apples iPod which has been influenced by propriety standards and priced at a premium as compared to those of competitors (Pinegar, 2002, p. 5).

Weaknesses

One of the weaknesses of Dell is that it market segment target is highly limited as the organization has failed to target college students segment of computer markets. Very limited proportion of Dells total sales revenue comes from educational institutions such as universities, colleges and schools.

Another weakness of the organization arises from its direct sales model of doing business. The model does not enable customers to physically see or even touch the computer products they are ordering for until they are delivered (Pinegar, 2002, p. 6).

Opportunities

The growing demand for computers is an opportunity at the disposal of Dell Inc. people are buying and using computers more than ever and as such, the market continues to expand. Another opportunity for Dell is that the Buyers of computers are increasingly becoming more educated in terms of what they really want.

The expansion of communication and technological integration also provides an important for Dell to expand its business operations. Customers are able to make use of their personalized computers to make orders and enquiries about anything (Pinegar, 2002, p. 6).

Threats

Major threats to the operation of dell include the ever changing nature of the computer industry, stiff competition from other market players especially those from Asian countries, price difference between computer brands is also another issue that could threaten Dells business operations. The pace at which technological advancement is taking place is another threat to the operations of Dell. Brand names must ensure they reinvent themselves with regard to cost-leadership strategy (Pinegar, 2002, p. 7).

Why Competitors Find It Difficult To Imitate Dells Direct Sale Model Given That Its Computer Products Are Based On Standard Industry Technology

Thompson, Strickland and Gamble (2005) posit that strategy is distinct and specific to a particular business organization. Dell Incs direct sale model is thus specific and distinct to Dell and that makes it harder for competitors to imitate. Dells direct sales strategy is a collection of initiatives that are undertaken by the organizations management at various levels in the organizational hierarchy and thus makes it harder to be imitated by competitors, despite operating in a standard industry technology.

Dell crafted a highly complex and comprehensive business strategy that it is the only organization that could be able to understand and implement it. Dells direct sales model of business is hard to imitate as it also involves unrivalled experience and expertise in supply chain management and logistics. Most of Dells competitors are not in a position to manage such an unrivalled supply chain management and logistics necessary for implementing Dells direct sales business model (Thompson, Strickland, & Gamble, 2005).

Conclusion

The market trends in the computer, mobile phones and digital media industry determine of how business organizations craft and execute strategies. These strategies are crafted in a distinct manner in order to provide them with a competitive advantage against rivals in the market.

The process of crafting business strategy occurs in numerous phases which take into consideration various issues. It is thus essential for business organizations to closely analyze their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to effectively operate in the technology market place.

References

Henry, A. (2008). Understanding Strategic Management. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu. (2010). Surrounded by Rivals, Can Research in Motion  and the BlackBerry  Prove That Its Hip to be Square? Retrieved from: https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/surrounded-by-rivals-can-research-in-motion-and-the-blackberry-prove-that-its-hip-to-be-square/

Pinegar. (2002). Dell Computer Corporation: Market Trends and SWOT Analysis. Web.

Thompson, A., Strickland, A. J. & Gamble, J. E. (2005). Crafting and Executing Strategy: The Quest for Competitive Advantage, Concepts and Cases. New York: McGraw- Hill.

Introduction

Apple Inc is a leading company in the global personal computer and digital music players industry (Yoffie & Slind 2008, p. 1). The core business of the company involves the manufacture and distribution of personal computers and various digital music players.

The company has enjoyed a steady growth in sales and market share over the years by implementing effective sales and marketing plans. This paper will analyze the competition in the computer and the digital music players industry in order to determine the industry that is associated with greater competition.

Porters Five Force Analysis

The Computer Industry

The threat that is caused by new entrants is low since the incumbent firms enjoy economies of scale. Besides, their products are highly differentiated (Yoffie & Slind 2008, p. 10). The threat is also low since the capital requirements for joining the industry and the switching costs (Hirschey 2008, p. 41) are very high. The bargaining power of the suppliers is high since they are very few as compared to buyers.

It is also high since the suppliers products are always differentiated and lack substitutes. This means that the buyers such as Apple Inc are price takers and thus they can be exploited by the suppliers through high prices (Hirschey 2008, p. 56). The buyers have a low bargaining power because they are very many as compared to the suppliers. Thus the buyers can not easily negotiate for the supply of their inputs at low prices.

The threat that is attributed to substitute products is low since there are very few products that can substitute computers in both office and other applications. The intensity of competitive rivalry (Hirschey 2008, p. 47) is low and this can be explained by the small number of competitors in the industry.

Besides, the growth rate of the industry is as high as 10% per annum (Yoffie & Slind 2008, p. 7). Thus the competition is not likely to adversely affect the performance of Apple.

The Digital Music Players Industry

The threat that is attributed to new entrants is low since the manufacturers enjoy economies of scale and their products are highly differentiated. Besides, the switching costs and the capital that is needed to join the industry are high. There are few suppliers as compared to buyers and the products of the former are highly differentiated. Thus the power of the suppliers is high (Hirschey 2008, p.78).

However, the buyers have a low bargaining power since their switching costs and product differentiation in the suppliers industry is high. There are also many buyers as compared to suppliers. Thus Apple and other firms are not likely to influence the price at which they obtain their inputs (Hirschey 2008, p.56). The substitute products pose a high threat because they are very many.

Some substitutes are also cheaper than the digital music players. Finally, the intensity of competition in the industry is high. This has been caused by two factors namely, the presence of many competitors and a slow growth rate in the industry. Thus the competition is likely to affect the performance of Apple in a negative manner.

Discussion

The above analysis reveals the following similarities about the two industries. First, the new entrants pose a low threat in both industries. Second, the buyers have a low bargaining power in both industries. Finally, the suppliers have a high bargaining power in the computer and the digital music players industries. The threat that is attributed to substitute products and competitive rivalry is low in the computer industry.

However, the digital music players industry is associated with a high threat of substitute products (Hirschey 2008, p.79) and competitive rivalry. This means that the competition in the digital music players industry is more intense as compared to the computer industry. Thus Apples digital music players are likely to face more competition as compared to its computers.

References

Hirschey, M 2008, Managerial economics, Cengage Learning, New York.

Yoffie, D & Slind, M 2008, Apple Inc 2008, Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston.