Category: Administration

The successful individual’s existence, which has ultimate relevance, not only pervades the lives of fellow companions in general but also multiplies the glory and grace of the prevailing community in particular with extraordinary accomplishments. Unquestionably, the person’s origins are excellent indicators of character, behavior, and personality, and therefore, furnish a picturesque reflection of innumerable positive qualities as well as shortcomings. Since childhood, my beloved parents’ relentless encouragement to target the summit and struggle laboriously for knowledge acquisition and practical experiences paved the path for my resounding success. My family has never refrained from supporting me at any juncture, but instead, remained as a strong pillar in every endeavor of life.

Advances in healthcare often accelerate the overall growth and development of mankind. For example, enhancement in the administration of healthcare facilities, undoubtedly, brought revolutionary transformations in contemporary lifestyles by, first and foremost, minimizing the associated complications, and on the other hand, maximizing the standards of public health. In addition to the government authorities, innumerable private organizations have enormously contributed to the betterment of living standards. On the international platform, countless public welfare projects are implemented effectively to streamline the medical awareness projects for both the prevention and treatment of diseases. The success of such pilot projects led to the nationwide launching of several similar programs. This instilled in me the desire to pursue the graduate certificate (post-graduate) program in Health Care Administration and Service Management at the highly reputed Conestoga College, Kitchener.

Pursuing a career in healthcare administration is extremely arduous. The further I inquired regarding the course, college, and registration process, the stronger my conviction became because, in addition to meeting my requirements, it serves my purpose of becoming an expert healthcare administration professional. Eventually, my conclusion to pursue a diploma in healthcare administration enthused me to leave no stone unturned to perform professionally. I have completed my undergraduate studies in the discipline, Bachelor of Dental Surgery from one of the reputed Indian educational institutions, Baba Farid University of Health and Applied Sciences. My study was related to the general human body and dental surgery was the major subject. One of my particular interests was public health. I was an integral part of the college organization committee for 4 years and efficiently managed time scheduling for various activities. I have also completed a one-year paid rotary internship and during this specific period, I attended several conferences and lectures.

The fundamental reason for selecting this course is the two-fold benefit – the combination of healthcare and administration. My main motivator has been my parents since I was a child. Knowing my paternal side’s uneducated background, my father was the first one to gain a graduate degree and raise himself to get a government job as an executive magistrate. His hard work and focus on learning are what inspired me to gain a proper education. My mother, on the other hand, is a very active member of the committee of our area, she listens and tries her best to solve any problems the society is facing. Her commitment to helping others in society and managing her family, inspires me to go out of my way to help people by setting up camps and providing people of all ages with the proper knowledge of the prevention of diseases and maintaining good oral hygiene. I have a sense of belongingness to this profession and so I became a doctor. However, after entering this career and probing in depth, I became aware of the fact that the majority of people are not able to avail the facilities provided by the government due to a lack of appropriate management. I learned over the past few years that interpersonal dynamics are required because of their fundamental role. I have been excellent at managing skills since my school days. All my life experiences to date led me to seek a future profession that requires the collaboration of these two aspects – health and administration. After the successful completion of my course at Conestoga College, Kitchener, I wish to serve my motherland using all the knowledge, experience, and talents that I gain from the course.

I always desired to pursue internationally recognized higher education. Obtaining this graduate certificate will not only fulfill the prerequisite but also broaden my horizons for the future in India. Secondly, Canada is a multicultural country and welcomes thousands of students every year. Therefore, the environment would be conducive to upgrading my personal talents and professional skills. Subsequently, Conestoga College, Kitchener provides highly professional staff with expertise in education. So, overall I would have a great package deal of benefits while studying in this college.

I am looking forward to enhancing my abilities to implement contemporary knowledge to improve the healthcare system in India and also for the organizations that I represent. This path will turn my dream into reality in the long run.

The walls of the organizations work environment, in addition to the entire layout and interior, says a lot about the organizations vision and mission. Everything from employee engagement, financial stability and work theory can be expressed effectively by the means of investing in correct décor and layout in the workplace.

Productivity is the soul of an organization, for employees to enhance their productivity, it is all dependant on the structure of the workplace which also includes the flow of communication between employees and the general atmosphere of the office. With some minimalistic adjustments in the workplace infrastructure and surroundings can promote strong employee engagement and efficient productivity.

There are certain aspects in a workplace environment that work simultaneously to achieve the organizations goals while having a beneficial psychological impact on employees.

Layouts are designed keeping in mind the various organization departments, their functions within and the relationships they have with each other. The departments that are co-structured are generally put together while other sections require privacy. As computer systems are becoming modern and increasing, flexible environments that promote mobility is substantial. Movement in the workplace helps with posture development and employees foster better relationships amongst their co-workers. Offering rejuvenation zones such as break rooms, a café and even a game room for employees to interact and unwind has become an essential factor in today’s workplace as it will also decrease the rate of boredom and absenteeism of employees.

The organisation needs to ensure they have adequate lighting and ventilation in the workplace as this plays a vital role on the employees’ health, moods and quality of production. Inadequate lighting and ventilation such in the attached video (The Worst Things About Working in an Office, 2014), leads to sick building syndrome which includes fatigue, headaches, trouble concentrating and other deficiencies in the body and by improving this it brings a range of health benefits and improved decision making. A lack of natural lighting in the office can lead to lower vitamin D levels which in turn leads to weaker immune systems, therefore there must be enough natural light or a substitute. This can also lead to the spread of sicknesses between employees.

“A recent University of Texas study found that bland grey, beige and white offices induced feelings of sadness and depression” (Shandrow, 2015). The biggest element in the video (The Worst Things About Working in an Office, 2014) was the office colour scheme which was on basic dull colour and lead to the employees being unmotivated. Colour in an office design impacts factors such as communication, production and creativity and there are many choices to pick from ranging from cool colours to warm colours and many more. When choosing there are many factors to consider as each come with their own benefits, cool colours make employees feel calm and refreshed but also result in isolation or detachment whereas warm colours cause stimulation but can also result in volatile behaviour therefore all characteristics and what the colour impacts need to be considered. Colour also affects employees morale as it has a psychological effect on them, influencing their moods, emotions and both physical and mental health (Ferrerira, et al., 2016).

Scientific research have established the positives of greenery in offices environments as it motivates employees to be more energetic, creative and helps produce cleaner air (Post, 2020). Employees need to ensure cleanliness by the workstations and overall office, especially with the ongoing pandemic they need to ensure sanitation and correct way of disposing dirt to minimize the spread of germs.

Organizations are changing at a rapid rate and so does the layout of the business designs, as many factors are dependent on the office layout. Most importantly the overall success of the organization is dependent on how the office is set up and how productive employees are.

REFERENCE LIST

1. Ferrerira, E., Groenewald, D. & Erasmus , A., 2016. Administrative Management. 4th ed. South Africa: JUTA AND COMPANY (PTY) LTD.
2. Post, J., 2020. Business News Daily Small Business Solutions and Inspiration. [Online]
3. Available at: https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/7456-workspace-design-productivity.html [Accessed 15 August 2020].
4. Shandrow, K. L., 2015. How the Color of Your Office Impacts Productivity (Infographic). Entrepreneur South Africa, 9 March.
5. The Worst Things About Working in an Office. 2014. [Film] Directed by Dale Longmore. s.l.: LADproductions.

INTRODUCTION

This assignment seeks to critically discuss the importance of political parties and elections in South Africa. In this we will also get to know the meaning of a political party and elections. The body consists of subtopics such as, elections and youth, functions of elections on a society, the role of political parties in different spheres of government and the role of politics in the democracy of South Africa. The role of political parties will be critically discussed using the 3 spheres of the government.

DEFINITION OF CONCEPTS

According to Emeritus Professor of Political Sciences, Stanford University, California. Author of the Politics of Representation. A political party is an organized group of people who have the same ideology, or who otherwise have the same political positions, and who field candidates for elections, in an attempt to get them elected and thereby implement the party’s agenda. They are a defining element of representative democracy. A political party basically, is a group of people. These people come together to contest elections in order to hold power in the government. It is a way to mobilize voters to support common sets of interests, concerns, and goals. The primary role of the political party is to fix the political agenda and policies. So, each party tries to persuade people by claiming their policies are better than those of other parties.

Pollical parties are essential institutions of democracy. By competing in elections, parties offer citizens a choice in government, and while in position they can hold governments accountable. When citizens join political parties, volunteer their time, donate money and vote for their leaders, they are exercising their basic democratic rights. Participation of citizens in political parties offers unique benefits, including opportunities to influence policy choices, choose and engage political leaders, and run for office. However, in some countries political parties do not respect the rights of citizens to participate and are not accountable to voters. NDI supports the development of vibrant, accountable and inclusive multiparty systems that offer citizens meaningful choices and opportunities for political participation.

An election is the process of voting to choose someone to be their political leader or representative in government. In a democracy, the right to vote is the main way most citizens can influence the decisions about how their country is governed. Citizens get their chance when the government decides to hold an election. To win an election, politicians have to persuade people to support them. Each political party needs to identify their policies (plan of action), explaining what they would do if they were elected. Each political party prepares a list of policies that the party promises to carry out if they are elected. This is called a platform. Citizens make their choice in secret by marking a ballot paper and putting this into a ballot box that is not opened until after the polls (casting of votes) have closed. Voters have to decide whether they agree with the platform promises and whether the politicians can be trusted to keep them if they get into power.

THE ROLES OF POLITICAL PARTIES AND ELECTIONS

The history of the Republic of South Africa’s governing political party and elections

The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa was approved by the constitutional court on 4 December 1996 and took effect on 4 February 1997. Republic of South African’s Constitution is the supreme law of the land that is one of the most progressive in the world and enjoys high acclaim internationally. No other law or government action can supersede the provisions of the constitution.

The elections of April 1994 signalled a major breakthrough in South Africa where white settlers denied the native African majority economic and political power. Only members of the white minority could vote and hold political office.

The most important black organization opposing apartheid was the African National Congress (ANC). In the early 1950’s, the ANC led a non-violent campaign against apartheid, but soon called it off after police arrested and imprisoned thousands of protesters. One of its leaders, Nelson Mandela, a lawyer, was arrested and jailed many times.

Political control was shifted from the white minority to the black majority after 1994 elections which found Nelson Mandela as the first black president of the Republic of South Africa.

Significance of having multiple political parties within the democracy

A multi-party system is a system in which there are more than two pollical parties capable and contesting to absorb the government office. Having a multi-party gives the society an option to belong to a different political party. This prevents the governing of a single party from dictatorship without a challenge. Multi-party system also comes with freedom of speech which enables citizens to crucify bad governance. It also allows political parties to share power in line with proportional representation in the parliament by therefore providing the opposing parties to present checks and balances to the ruling party. As Merriam Webster defines democracy as the government in which the Supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation involving periodically held free elections, elections by play virtual role as they give citizens the freedom to appoint the ruling party they desire through voting and the time difference also gives them the ability to change the party and opt for the one that has their interest in heart.

The role of political parties in different spheres of government

In the country we have 3 spheres of government, namely National government, Provincial government and lastly Local government. Each of these spheres have their own way of operating as each of them may have different leadership from ruling party, for example the ruling party may not be the party that is ruling Gauteng or Limpopo. There is an election that takes place nationwide, this election is to determine the ruling party of the country. These elections are held every 5 years. The spheres of government are autonomous and should not be seen as hierarchical, as the spheres are distinctive, inter-related and inter-dependent (www.etu.org.za), this meaning if one part of the 3 spheres is not operating properly then the rest won’t function properly.

Government is divided into 3 parts. The elected members of political parties form a part the parliament, these members represent the public, by approving policies and laws that are in line with what the political party stands for, these members also monitor the work of the executive and the departments. Then there is the Cabinet (The executive committee), these members are chosen by the CIC (Commander in chief) of the ruling party (The president). The members of the executive aren’t always members of the ruling party, as it is possible to have some members of other political parties to form a part of the executive. These members coordinate the making of policies and laws and oversee implementation by the departments. Then lastly, the departments and public servants who administrate the work for the government and account to the executive (a lot of these members are usually under the local government sphere).

National Government

The moment a political party is chosen as the ruling party there are certain functions that they are required to administrate as the ruling party apart from their set out mandate that they were campaigning with. The main function of the ruling party as the government is to make policies and laws about rights and responsibilities of citizens and delivery of public services. The president of the country is elected by the parliament. The pollical parties in the parliament represent the public the public that voted for them so they can make decisions on their behalf. If there is any misconduct from the members of the executive or even from public servants, then it is up to the members of political parties to point them out during a parliament seating (www.etu.org.za).

Provincial Government

In each province there is a legislature that is made up of 30-90 members. A Premier is elected by legislature and appoints members of the executive council (MECs). The province also has their own independent ruling party which is usually the one with majority members in the MPL (members of provincial legislature). Political parties use the province that they are ruling to prove to the rest of the citizens that did not vote for them of their capabilities, so that they can have their votes next time out. Their legislature is presented with a budget to carry out public services, this money is the delivered to different local governments for the implementation of public services (www.etu.org.za).

Local Government

Local government is a sphere where arguably the ruling party is chosen. The whole of South Africa is divided into local municipalities, where in each of them there is a council that is responsible for the decisions and administration of public services. All this work is coordinated by a mayor, who is elected by the council, so the party with the most members have an advantage of choosing a mayor from their political party. The work of the municipality is done by the municipal administration that is headed by the municipal manager and other officials (the manager is responsible for employing staff and coordinating them to implement all programs approved by council). (www.etu.org.za).

The functions of elections on a society

Elections give the citizenry a voice to participate in the decision of the government as they get to choose a representative that will be accountable for their resources. The beliefs, values and traditions of the citizenry are respected and presented in the national sphere.

Elections promote good service standards because the people in charge have to account for the level and quality of public services which are rendered to the citizenry. Also, the elected representatives know what is expected of them.

Elections in democratic country allow everyone from different societies to be treated with courtesy and consideration. The citizenry also gets access to lodge complaints and there are complaints handling systems that are put in place.

“Informed citizens are better citizens”, Nelson Mandela. Through elections citizens the opportunity to be informed about public services that they are entitled to receive. Information is provided in a manner that is most suited to their needs and at intervals most convenient and useful to them (crow 2004)

Through elections, citizenry is redressed. Implying that if the promised standards of services is not delivered, citizens should get an apology, a full explanation and a speedy and efficient remedy. This is whereby officials, or the government recognize their mistakes, apologise, rectify their mistakes and do more than is required or expected.

Citizens vote or elect representatives in hope that they will get value for more money. Officials are responsible for ensuring that the scarce of resources is efficiently utilized to enhance the quality of services. Elections help structure community’s property, because each community will have a leadership structure from different political parties.

CONCLUSION

Government created the three spheres which play a vital role in the politics and elections, they create an understanding between the citizens and parliament, and people are easy taken care of through these spheres of government. The Republic of South Africa is the highest-ranking law of the land that is one of the most progressive in the world. The political control was shifted from the white minority to the black majority after 1994 elections. Having a multi-party system is more significant as it gives an option to belong to a different political party.

Everyone’s voice must be heard by the superior of the government, that is why it is called the government of the people. Through politics and elections, people or citizens can be against methods that are being used therefore they can also require change to be made. Remember South Africa is also a Republic which is defined as the state in which supreme powers are vested in the citizens and representatives, which means our country became the Republic because of the elections.

REFERENCE LIST

1. www.academia.edu/40750743/ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF MULTI PARTY SYSTEM https://
2. www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/democracy
3. www.etu.org.za

As someone with a strong passion for the healthcare industry, I have chosen to pursue a career in healthcare administration. This new career path has been incredibly rewarding and provides me with an opportunity to make a meaningful difference in people’s lives. Healthcare administrators are integral to the functioning of hospitals, clinics, and other medical facilities, and their role is becoming more important as the industry evolves. With this new role, I am confident that I can help create sustainable and efficient healthcare solutions.

In this essay, I will discuss my motivations for wanting to become a healthcare administrator, the skills and qualifications needed to succeed in this field, the challenges facing healthcare administrators, and the benefits of pursuing a career in healthcare administration.

What Does A Healthcare Administrator Do?

As leaders in the healthcare industry, healthcare administrators perform various tasks to ensure the smooth and efficient operation of healthcare facilities. These tasks include overseeing staff management, developing and implementing policies and procedures, managing budgets and finances, and ensuring that patients receive the best possible care. 

In addition, healthcare administrators work collaboratively with medical professionals such as doctors, nurses, and other healthcare providers to guarantee that healthcare facilities function effectively. 

Furthermore, healthcare administrators manage healthcare information systems to maintain secure patient data accessibility for authorized personnel.

The Benefits Of Being A Healthcare Administrator

Opting for a career as a healthcare administrator brings immense advantages, including the chance to make a positive impact on people’s lives. Healthcare administrators oversee and optimize medical facilities, ensuring patients receive top-notch care, which is essential in enhancing individual and community health and well-being. 

Also, healthcare administrators relish job security as the demand for healthcare services is projected to surge in the future. Besides, healthcare administrators receive attractive remuneration and have potential opportunities for career growth.

Skills And Qualifications Needed To Be A Healthcare Administrator

To thrive as a healthcare administrator, one must possess many skills and qualifications. It requires excellent leadership and management abilities, including the capacity to delegate tasks, motivate team members, and lead by example. 

Healthcare administrators must have excellent communication and interpersonal skills to interact effectively with patients, medical professionals, and staff members. They also need to have financial management expertise to handle budgets, billing, and insurance-related matters. Healthcare administrators also need to understand healthcare regulations, policies, and compliance.

Becoming a healthcare administrator is typically required to obtain a degree in healthcare administration, business administration, or a related field. Still, relevant work experience is also necessary, such as experience in healthcare management, finance, or operations. 

Additionally, healthcare administrators must be capable of working effectively under pressure, prioritizing tasks, and making quick and accurate decisions. They must be proactive, adaptable, and capable of anticipating and mitigating challenges and risks that may arise.

Challenges Facing Healthcare Administrators

Healthcare administration is a multifaceted field that presents unique challenges and demands a wide range of skills and competencies. As healthcare evolves, healthcare administrators must stay abreast of changing regulations, policies, and advancements in technology. They must also navigate complex bureaucratic structures and financial systems while ensuring that their facilities operate effectively and provide high-quality care to patients. 

Healthcare administrators must possess strong leadership, management, and communication skills to manage staff, allocate resources, and coordinate with medical professionals to achieve organizational goals. They must also balance the competing demands of stakeholders, such as patients, providers, insurers, and regulators, while maintaining the integrity and sustainability of their institutions. 

Conclusion

In summary, it can be a fulfilling and rewarding career if you have the necessary qualifications and feel that healthcare administration is the right fit for your skills and experience. Healthcare Administrators are essential to managing healthcare facilities and ensuring they deliver quality patient care. With the proper training, education, and experience, you can become an effective healthcare administrator, making significant contributions to individuals and communities alike. Consider healthcare administration as a career path if you possess strong management, leadership, and communication abilities.

In today’s fast-paced and dynamic business world, the role of an administrative assistant is more crucial than ever. This profession is often overlooked, but its significance cannot be understated. As someone who is considering a career as an administrative assistant, I am compelled to persuade you of the unique and substantial benefits that come with this role.

First and foremost, administrative assistants are the backbone of any successful organization. They are the unsung heroes who keep the wheels turning, the paperwork flowing, and the schedules organized. Their ability to manage multiple tasks simultaneously, juggle responsibilities, and adapt to changing priorities is what keeps the entire operation running smoothly. They are the bridge between departments, the source of information, and the first point of contact for clients and colleagues alike.

Moreover, a career as an administrative assistant offers unparalleled exposure to various aspects of the business. This role provides an opportunity to work closely with different teams, allowing one to gain insights into operations, finance, marketing, and more. The exposure to diverse functions equips administrative assistants with a comprehensive understanding of how the organization functions as a whole. This knowledge not only makes them more effective in their current role but also prepares them for potential growth and advancement within the company.

Communication is the lifeblood of any workplace, and administrative assistants are the conduits through which this communication flows. They possess exceptional interpersonal and communication skills, acting as liaisons between higher management, employees, and external stakeholders. This ability to foster effective communication enhances team collaboration and ensures that vital information is disseminated promptly and accurately.

Furthermore, the role of an administrative assistant nurtures a strong sense of ownership and responsibility. From managing schedules and appointments to coordinating events and projects, administrative assistants become integral to the organization’s success. This sense of ownership not only fosters a deeper connection to the company but also empowers individuals to take charge of their tasks and contribute meaningfully to the team.

In addition, administrative assistants often possess exceptional problem-solving skills. They are adept at finding creative solutions to challenges that arise in their day-to-day tasks. These problem-solving abilities are essential in handling unexpected situations and ensuring that operations continue seamlessly, even in the face of adversity.

As technology continues to evolve, administrative assistants are also embracing digital tools that streamline processes and enhance efficiency. These skills are highly transferable and adaptable, making administrative assistants valuable assets in a variety of industries. Whether it’s mastering new software or staying updated with the latest trends, administrative assistants remain at the forefront of technological advancements.

In conclusion, the role of an administrative assistant is far from mundane; it is a dynamic, multifaceted profession that offers unparalleled opportunities for growth, learning, and impact. By being the linchpin of communication, the driving force behind organization, and the problem-solving champion, administrative assistants contribute significantly to the success of their organizations. The skills acquired in this role are not only valuable for the present but also serve as a foundation for future career advancements.

As I consider embarking on a career as an administrative assistant, I am excited about the chance to be an integral part of a thriving organization, to learn from various departments, and to contribute my skills to ensure the smooth functioning of the workplace. I am convinced that this profession is not just a job but a pathway to a fulfilling and impactful career that leaves a lasting impression on both the organization and me.

Introduction

New public management (NPM) was once added in the Western world with the sole purpose of reforming the public zone and its methods of managing the affairs of the state. These reforms were later adopted in some parts of the African continent such as in sub-Saharan Africa making an attempt to emulate the successes of the developed economies of the world.

South Africa as one of the international locations in Africa additionally sought to shift from its apartheid bureaucratic, inefficient, and rule-pushed management of public affairs. To this end, the democratic South Africa aligned its constitutional provisions with the ideas of NPM which however are no longer restrained to participatory planning, decentralization, overall performance management, effectiveness, and efficiency. These standards were introduced precisely to control the country and its resources, together with the nearby sphere of government. Local government in South Africa is below pinned via its own sets of policy frameworks. This conceptual paper seeks to consider the software of NPM concepts in South African municipalities. The stated contrast was undertaken through an assessment of the present literature.

The shift sought to design authority structures that turn out to be less one-of-a-kind from that of the private sector, and the diploma of discretionary electricity of the public managers to be increased. The ultimate goal of the reform used to be that the public area broadly speaking adopts private region styles of management had been efficiency, participatory planning, and decentralization, These ideas of NPM as nicely as its foundation and applicability in the South African municipalities.

Understanding the idea of New public management

New public administration is a method of going for walks in public services businesses that is utilized by authorities and public carrier institutions and agencies, at each sub-national and national levels. The term became the first brought with the useful resource of the use of teachers in the United Kingdom and Australia to explain strategies that had been developed for the duration of the 1980s as a phase of an try to make the public provider greater businesslike and to beautify its overall performance through the utilization of non-public region management. As with the non-public sector, which focuses on ‘customer service’, New public management reforms often focused on the ‘centrality of residents who have been the recipient of the services or clients to the public sector’.

New public administration reformers experimented with the usage of decentralized carrier shipping models, to supply nearby organizations greater freedom in how they delivered applications or services. In some cases, New public administration reforms that used e-government consolidated a program or carrier to a central location to decrease costs. Some governments tried using quasi-market structures, so that the public region would have to compete against the personal region Key issues in New public management were ‘financial control, fee for money, increasing efficiency …, figuring out and placing goals and continuance monitoring of performance, handing over … power to the senior management’ executives. Performance was once assessed with audits, benchmarks, and performance evaluations. Some New public administration reforms used private zone companies to deliver what have been formerly public services.

NPM concepts have been viewed as a skill for the government to recover from price range deficits. One of the greatest reforms in the public area came here in the Sixties and 1970s ‘with the ideas that grew out of the NPM movement The NPM concepts also focused on a re-organization of the public zone based on flexibility for employees to operate administrative tasks without struggling from bureaucratic rule. It used to be also aimed at redefining the function of the state, based totally on more transparency, effectiveness, and efficiency, for the enhancement of public area management. NPM standards were adopted for the reason that the Sixties purpose in the direction of non-stop enhancement of desirable governance outcomes within the public sector.

The principles

The precept of transparency potential the validity of concepts, such as quality practices in the accomplishment of administrative tasks, information management, organizational learning, and data to citizens about public zone activities.

The principle of accountability relies on ‘improvement in the first-class and extent of performance data [which] opened up chances to use strategies such as benchmarking and examination of performance’

The precept of efficiency is the commitment of administrators to use scarce country assets in a sufficient manner for the fulfillment of ‘objectives of an institution or service

The precept of effectiveness capability is that the government is supposed to be lean and purposeful about effectivity and effectiveness regarding the functioning of authorities itself and the production and distribution of items and provide the proper and the adequacy of the government process, regarding the relationship between government and its citizens illustration and power checks, regarding public scrutinizing of the functioning of government In all, NPM and the principles related to it impacted on the reform process of the public zone as defined below. NPM permitted public managers and personnel to perform administrative tasks except suffering from old-style bureaucracy.

Through the adoption of NPM principles, public organizations grew to become extra engaged in imparting government service with the aid of science tools such as e-government, which ‘revolutionized public quarter productivity, supplied residents with faster, higher information and access to services, and even ushered in a new wave of participatory democracy

Transformation in the administration of public funds, along with the introduction of new budgeting techniques, for instance, the replacement of the old line-item budgeting with overall performance budgeting systems. This performance budgeting method permits governments to ‘build around the activities in which authorities engage instead of the commodities on which it expends public funds Another objective of overall performance budgeting systems is to lay emphasis on the inputs that are required to acquire output of a policy.

Influence of post-apartheid in public management

During apartheid, the administrative approaches strategy used to be the dominant tutorial paradigm. This approach was narrowly focused and did not engage with the governance troubles of apartheid. It has been replaced by way of NPM-influenced strategies in democratic South Africa. While the discipline is now more legitimate, as a knowledge-based discipline it has no longer advanced. There has been a shift away from social sciences toward an administration and business-type strategy in the discipline. Traditional academic issues with understanding are being supplanted by way of a slender focal point on capabilities and techniques. This has had detrimental outcomes on both education and research. One of the dilemmas that Public Administration faces is that there is no unifying paradigm in the Feld.

Apartheid was once a machine of rules that upheld segregationist insurance policies towards non-white residents of South Africa. After the National Party received strength in South Africa in 1948, its all-white authorities started enforcing current policies of racial segregation. Because of the suffering humans in apartheid authorities determined to introduce the new public administration to the use of the south to help decrease the suffering. An element that helped give up apartheid in South Africa was the financial sanctions through many of the world’s nations.

Despite enhancement in view of the stop of apartheid, poverty, and unemployment continue to be high. It can be politically unsafe for a government in power when a high-quality trajectory is interrupted, as poverty discount amongst Blacks and Colored has been. South Africa’s price of economic boom has additionally been low. The United States has recovered slowly from the international recession of 2008, and the fees of some South African export commodities have fallen. Further, the negative governance and bad financial policies of the 2009-2018 administration of President Zuma undermined domestic and foreign funding crucial for growth. All of that said, balloting behavior is nevertheless generally determined with the aid of race, and the ANC has been the political birthday party of blacks and is institutionally robust. It might also not operate as badly as the pundits predict on May 8.

Conclusion

The best irony of our times is that while the authorities of South Africa make gorgeous strides to include the principles of the New Public Management as a consequence of reforming the public sector, institutionalized and systemic corruption that is endemically entrenched in authorities defeats the cause of reform. Many members of the political elite collude in defrauding the government and the public. As a result, and like in most emerging economies, South Africa has serious troubles due to a lack of proper governance. The rule of regulation ought to be found if true governance is to be entrenched in the South African culture. The liberation-dynasty syndrome has negatively affected the concept and practice of public administration and management in South Africa because elite segments of the public carrier who come from the liberation background dominate the appointment manner of senior managers in the post-apartheid epoch via the so-called cadre deployment policy of the ruling party. Thus, it is inherently tough for qualified, competent, and skilled human beings to work and contribute to public service. This venture has to be tackled head-on to promote and maintain desirable governance in South Africa.

Decision-making is a skill that an administrative professional should possess as he or she may have to step in and take care of things when the boss is not there, or to keep things running in an effective or efficient manner. Administrative assistants are often the go-to- person for questions, help, and problems. Critical thinking is a process used to problem solve and come up with a conclusion to solve them (Kallet 7). It is used in teamwork, implementing tasks, mediation, supervising, training, and issue resolution. The copier tears up, Joey gets sick, and a customer is angry. The admin must be confident and authoritative and be capable of making the decision that needs to be made at the moment. Taking a situation, figuring out the problem, and finding a solution is beneficial to the company because they can reduce different types of conflict (Kallet).

Problem-solving steps include analyzing, generating possible solutions, evaluating the best solution, implementing a plan, and assessing the effectiveness of your interventions. This is one of the most valuable attributes to possess to be successful as an administrative assistant. Businesses are looking for people that have an aptitude to problem solve and make decisions.

Team building skills are needed to create and manage teams to work toward a common goal. Companies have found that teams benefit them. A lot of work gets done through productive teams. Creating and managing a team is an ongoing process that involves transformational change. It involves reorganizing and retaining talent, developing employee skills, understanding the organizational culture, and possibly transitioning a change. As an admin, you will possibly have a big influence on a team. You may need to put a team together of people with different personalities and abilities in order to get a project done. Engaging in two-way communication and allowing the teams to be involved in making some of the decisions. Learning the five different conditions that are needed to build effective teams is necessary for success. First is clear roles and responsibilities, second is open and honest communication, third is a supportive and knowledgeable manager/ leader, fourth is decision-making authority and fifth is rewards and recognition (Topchik). Even though you are not the manager you may be the team leader.

Organizational skills are used throughout the daily life of an admin, to juggle the many tasks that are required in a day. Managing calendars, scheduling appointments, and keeping the office running efficiently. Administrative assistants are multitaskers and office managers. They are critical because they are depended on to set up meetings and arrange travel plans including accommodations. They have to be detail oriented to be able to see and do everything that needs to be done. Admins work on tight deadlines making it important to be able to prioritize meetings.

Time management is making optimal use of the time available. An admin should be able to analyze the workload and be able to prioritize tasks and focus on producing the goals. Sometimes support from other staff members is needed to accomplish the goal. Delegating is a managing type skill and knowing when and what to delegate is important. Pacing the workload is also time management and should be exercised so that you are not overworked and become exhausted in the long run. Task management is also included in organizational skills and making a to-do list on your daily and weekly calendars can break things up in a balanced way. These types of organizational skills are exceptional to have for success.

Technical skills, along with leadership skills, are needed so that others can be coached and taught how to do the task required of them. It is a critical skill for the bottom line and the production of the business. The development of employees to do the job is learned through coaching and mentoring. Some technical skills that an admin may possess are the use of Microsoft Office programs, Word, Excel, and PowerPoint. The maintenance of office equipment such as faxes, scanners, and printers. Other skills may include the maintenance of office records, and ordering office supplies. As an administrative professional, it is important to know the job that you expect others to do. If they have questions or need help you will be able to show by example what you expect of them and how they are to do it. There are different styles of leading.

Three things to be looked at are the leader’s character type, the follower’s character type, and the situation. Integrity to gain the trust of others is being honest with others and oneself. Leaders shift their styles constantly to fit the situation at hand. Learning the different ways that people learn is helpful in teaching them to do their job. Always lead by example, it is what you want to see in the people that you are leading. Show them, do not just tell them.

I believe to be a successful Administrative Professional; all types of management skills are going to be important to your success. Communicating with others in a verbal, written, and nonverbal way to convey a clear message. Making good sound decisions and problem-solving for reducing conflict and getting the job done. Technical skills are knowledge that you pass on and share with others to make sure things are done precisely. Organizational skills to plan, and manage people, and daily operations efficiently. Team building and managing teams to achieve the goal or task. If these skills are learned and applied in your daily job as an Administrative assistant, you will stand out and be of great value to your employer.

Works Cited

1. Hartley, Darin. Managers Pocket Guide to Workplace Coaching, HRD Press, 2001. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gvltec/detail.action?docID=322457. https://www.thebalancecareers.com/administrative-skills-list-2062350
2. Hynes, Geraldine E. Get Along, Get It Done, Get Ahead: Interpersonal Communication in the Diverse Workplace, Business Expert Press, 2015. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gvltec/detail.action?docID=2059109.
3. Kallet, Michael. Think Smarter: Critical Thinking to Improve Problem-Solving and Decision-Making Skills, John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2014. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gvltec/detail.action?docID=1656382.
4. Kippenberger, Tony. Leadership Styles : Leading 08.04. Capstone, 2002. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=67243&site=ehost-live&scope=site.
5. McIntosh, Perry, et al. Interpersonal Communication Skills in the Workplace. Vol. 2nd ed, AMA Self-Study, 2008. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=e000xna&AN=387643&site=ehost-live&scope=site.
6. Paige, Piers. Communication Skills for Business Professionals. White Press Academics, 2018. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=e000xna&AN=2267915&site=ehost-live&scope=site.

“I will do just as I did as mayor. You drug pushers, hold-up men and do-nothings, you better go out. Because, I’d kill you.” — this is the statement of Rodrigo Duterte during his campaign period for presidency last 2016. This serves as a threat for those who continue to practice their illegal activities. This is addressed to all regardless of social and political status. After he gained his seat as president, he encouraged the public to participate in the war on drugs that he declared upon his inauguration last June 2016. The Philippine National Police, under the leadership of now former Director General Ronald “Bato” De la Rosa, have spearheaded this campaign targeting both users and sellers of illegal drugs.

They started this campaign through conducting door-to-door duties, known as Oplan Tokhang encouraging drug users and sellers to surrender so that they will be given another chance and repent for the wrong doings that they have done. In its first seven months of implementation, the Philippine National Police have gathered 63,728 people in Cebu alone. After year of continuous campaign, the PNP-led Oplan Tokhang have covered 8.8M homes and gathered 1.2M surrenderees from July 1, 2016 to October 10, 2017. With the continuation of the war on drugs under the operation Oplan Double Barrel, number of surrenderees and personalities arrested have dramatically increased. As of January 17, 2018, the number of arrested drug personalities soared up to 119,361 on 81,919 conducted operations nationwide. In this number, personalities, such as elected government officials, government employees, and uniformed personnel are included tallying up to 189, 213, and 44 respectively.

President Rodrigo Duterte has been true to his words when he said he is going to eradicate the illegal drugs that has been festering the streets of the country for years although he was not able to it in six months as what he had stated during the campaign period. Realistically, eradicating illegal drugs for only a short amount of time is a gargantuan task considering its extent and saturation in the country. The way Duterte handled the campaign against illegal drugs is a reflection on how he ran Davao City for 22 years. Davao City served as the starting point that played a vital role in his rise to power. He turned a lawless and unordered city into a haven where everyone can prosper and improve as individuals. For instance, he ensured the safety of the common people through personally patrolling the streets of Davao City in his motorbike — a common story Davaoeños love to tell about their mayor. Duterte established strict curfew hours for minors that was always observed. He also prohibited the sale of liquor past 2 a.m., and smoking is only allowed in various places.

Disobeying these result to severe consequences. There were accounts that state that one tourist disobeyed one of these rules and that tourist learnt the law the hard way. Many have said that during his reign, they felt like Duterte was their personal protector because of the way he handles things. The way he disciplines the citizens of the city is phenomenal. He made sure that his presence was felt not only in a political point of view but also at a personal level. Furthermore, it was during his reign that Davao received a lot of positive recognition for peace and orderliness. Although, critics have been pointing out that also during his reign, extrajudicial killings were very prominent. Criminals were summarily executed by the police or hired assassins riding in motorcycles. Chris Yaco, a rice vendor stated that if these killings were not done, a lot of people will suffer especially the younger generation. He also added that being a good person in Davao will result to positive consequences. It implies that the mayor’s rules are absolute and why would one fear him if nothing wrong is done. The situation in Davao City before is the epitome that with some sacrifices, things can largely change. As he reigns supreme in this country, he tries to gain the same results as what he had during his time in Davao and the war on drugs is the best way of accomplishing this task. So far, as the war on drugs progress, many have gained confidence about their safety, and many had the assurance of a better future ahead of them. The current administration’s war on drugs have molded the Philippines in becoming a better nation by neutralizing the illegal drug trade, lessening the susceptibility of the younger generation to illegal drugs and by decreasing the occurrence of drug-related crimes.

On contrary, the war on drugs have been continuously criticized and seen by many as a human right violation. This is because of the continuous killing without trial or enough evidence to support the accusation to a person. It is commonly attributed to the number and kind of people that were being killed by these anti-drug operations of the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency and the Philippine National Police. Among the anti-drug operations, most of the victims that were killed were urban-poor people. In the first two years of implementation, the illegal drug campaign claimed more than 12,000 lives and majority of those people were identified as urban-poor. However, the people that were killed were not all done by the operations of the said government agencies because most of the victims were killed by unidentified assassins. Critics suspect that these killings were done by the infamous Davao Death Squad — a group of assassins personally picked by Duterte to do his dirty work for him. In a recent study, it shows that among 5,021 drug-related killings from May 10, 2016 to September 29, 2017, 44% were killed by assailants on the streets and 23% were killed by police ops near houses. This study showed that these people were of poor background and were either manual laborers or unemployed. Considering these, the war on drugs that was perceived to eradicate illegal drugs from the country, actually just eliminates the poor from highly urbanized places. Instead of war against drugs, it became a war against the poor because of the high susceptibility and vulnerability of such people to get killed. Aside from the poor, many cases of homicide have been reported that were allegedly related to drugs. According to the Philippine National Police, as of January 17, 2018, the total number of homicide cases filed was 2,235 with 413 cases solved and 1,822 are still under investigation. In the least, it was reported as homicide but the families of the victims believe otherwise. In the eyes of the family, a victim is a great person without any affiliation to illegal drugs while the authorities believe the opposite. A report from Human Rights Watch said that the police have been carrying out extrajudicial killings and are falsely planting evidence such as illegal drugs and guns just to make it seem related to illegal drugs and make it an acceptable slaughter. Alongside this are the falsely-accused self-defense of the victims to which the family have disproved many times. Despite these accusations and criticisms, one cannot deny that through the war on drugs, the Philippines have become a safer place over the years. It also paved a way for other projects to become true such as the Build, Build, Build project. Many surrenderees from the Oplan Tokhang had been given a chance to change their lives and consequently, the government have provided them employment as construction workers for the said project. Other surrenderees have started anew for the betterment of their own future. The war on drugs have not only made the country better as a whole, but it also made its citizens better because it allowed them to be better versions of themselves by giving them another chance in life.

The positive effects of the war on drugs range from the benefit it brings to an individual to the benefits it brings to the country. As it was implemented, numerous drug dens have been raided and the street value of the illegal drugs that they have seized reach up to billions. Through the war on drugs, the illegal drug trade has been neutralized and weakened to some extent. As the war on drugs commenced, authorities gather as much as intel possible in order to capture illegal drug users and pushers. Their efforts were not wasted because as of January 17, 2018, 183 drug dens have been seized including 9 clandestine laboratories which serve as the primary producer of illegal drugs. In these drug dens they have confiscated illegal drugs with a street value of PhP 19.34 Billion. This includes marijuana, methamphetamine, and cocaine which are highly prevalent in the country. Furthermore, during the first quarter of 2019, the PDEA have posted an all-time high record of PhP 5.27 Billion worth of methamphetamine. A total of 716 kilograms were seized in Cavite, Muntinlupa and Manila. Every year, billions worth of illegal drugs are confiscated through the joint effort of government agencies. However, the total amount of illegal drugs and number of large drug personalities is still largely unknown but over the past few years, it is perceived to dramatically decrease. The seizure of drug dens and large amounts of illegal drugs is a devastating blow for those who patronize illegal drugs because their room to operate and supply decreases. And as authorities gain more power and gather more intel about them, their movements are limited which prompts them to work under the shadows. The war on drugs has also been focusing on huge drug personalities to which the authorities believe to be the primary supplier and distributors of illegal drugs in all regions of the country. For instance, the capture of Chinese chemists from a drug buy-bust operation last April 12-16, 2018 in Cavite, Batangas, and Malabon City led to a weakened presence of the Dragon Wu drug ring in the southern part of the country because the authorities were able to seize large amounts of chemicals that were essential for the creation of Ecstasy and Methamphetamine and they were also able to confiscate 481.1 grams of Methamphetamine. The laboratories that were seized was capable of producing 25 kilograms of illegal drugs in a day which has a street value of PhP 125 Million. This disturbs the balance in the illegal drug trade in the region which could potentially lead to jeopardy and to their own demise. As the war on drugs continue to progress, the illegal drug trade’s room to operate becomes thinner until it is fully neutralized and destroyed which leads to a peaceful and unplagued country.

As illegal drugs have been saturated in the streets of different cities and provinces, people of all ages are prone to being exposed to illegal drugs. The saddest part of the illegal drug trade is that they even use the youth to do their dirty work. They primarily use them as couriers and some start to use it was well due to temptation and peer pressure. However, this practice has been hindered by the war on drugs through rescuing the youth from the hands of illegal drug abusers. Last June 2017, 11 minors were caught alongside five adults in a drug bust in Cebu. They were allegedly acting as drug couriers without their full knowledge and consent. The victims thought they were asked to run an errand. The rescued minors were put into social centers for counseling so that they have the opportunity to straighten their life. In the first two years of implementation, authorities have rescued 1,155 minors nationwide and almost 50 percent of them were 17 years old. This is a great number considering the past situation of the youth before. The number of youth exposed to illegal drugs before the war on drugs have commenced is extremely high. Youth in state colleges were targeted and served as primary patrons of illegal drugs while minors in slums served as drug couriers. The rescue of the youth from the hands of notorious criminals enables them to start anew through processing and rehabilitation processes offered by government agencies. This gives them hope and motivation to change for the better not only for himself but also for the advancement of the country as a whole. Through this, they become pure and serve as the voice that would lead the country to a bright future as what Dr. Jose Rizal had believed. As the war on drugs progress and continue save the youth, the current administration diverts the attention of the youth to sports and encourage them to hone their skills and avoid any connection or affiliation to illegal drugs. President Rodrigo himself addressed the participants of the 2018 Palarong Pambansa personally and in his speech he said that sports serves as an avenue to divert the youth from illegal drugs, criminality and other lawless acts. The war on drugs rescues the youth that succumbed in the depths of the illegal drug trade, gives them another chance through obligatory rehabilitation and sets a boundary that would permanently prevent them from being exposed once more. Through this, they are no longer vulnerable from potential threats that criminals pose and they can now find a new purpose in life that would propel them to a better and brighter future.

Illegal drugs have a large effect on the mind of an ordinary person. It can make them commit inhumane acts that questions the very being of a person. Methamphetamine, for example, affects the user’s brain largely. It affects his decision-making, judgement, memory, and ability to learn. This causes them to undergo a phase of being fully unaware of their surroundings and in the things that they do hence making them commit such heinous crimes. Last June 2017, a gruesome crime was committed in Bulacan which took the life of a family of 5 by a suspect under the influence of drugs and alcohol. Authorities have verified that he raped 2 victims before killing them. Victims received multiple stab wounds in different parts of their body which resulted to their instant death. The suspect said that he did not remember anything after killing the 2 women. Another is the killing of a mother and his two sons in Caloocan City in which the suspect was their own kin. The victims were found two days after they were killed and were found decomposing inside their own household. The victims were allegedly robbed and stabbed multiple times while hogtied and gagged. The suspect was later undergone in a drug test and the findings were positive. He later admitted that he was indeed under the influence of drugs as he did the crime. The family was killed as if they were slaughtered like animals. The cruelty that was widely displayed. They have butchered them as if they do not have a regard for human life. This is one of the primary reasons why the war on drugs was commenced — to prevent horrible drug-related crimes from happening. Crimes committed under the influence of drugs are commonly inhumane and unforgivable and gives the idea to people that death penalty should be brought back. As the war on drugs was implemented, these kind of crimes drastically decreased because the authorities were steps ahead of the drug-dependents and without them, the occurrence of drug-related crimes would not be possible. According to the President’s Report from 2016 to 2018, the crimes that were committed were mostly theft and robbery that can directly be associated with poverty and unemployment. This was followed by car napping and motor cycle robbery. Fortunately, the number of these crimes has also dropped compared to the last few years dropping about 33.52%, 27.52%, 30.55% and 21.85% respectively from the total occurrence last year. Furthermore, the data gathered by the Philippine National Police in 2018 have shown that the war on drugs have caused a 25% decrease in crime rate between January and June of that year. There were only 6,881 incidents of homicide, murder, physical injuries and rape compared to 2017’s 9,183 incidents of the same crimes. They have reiterated that mostly drug users were behind such crimes as a result of being exposed or insufficient funding for their vice. These results show how the war on drugs is able to suppress the transgressions of illegal drug addicts and fanatics. With this, progress is easy to attain which would drive the country towards advancement and a bright future.

The Philippines has improved to a better country through the continuous suppression of illegal drugs through the neutralization of the illegal drug trade, reduction of vulnerability of the youth and the occurrence of drug-related crimes. The war on drugs have been effective in lessening but it has yet to be called successful because as long as there are remnants of huge drug rings in the country, the war is soon from being over. However, it has created a huge dent and has made a mark in the illegal drug trade. It has neutralized the illegal drug trade through confiscating large amounts of illegal drugs and seizing large clandestine laboratories that produce kilograms of illegal drugs per day. The war on drugs have been directly assaulting the source to prevent it from reaching the streets of different cities and municipalities throughout the country. Furthermore, the vulnerability of the youth has also been lessened because as the suppliers were assaulted, the remnants or the branches of these drug rings were also being targeted and it was during these operations that children of all ages were rescued from the hands of syndicates after being used in their wrongdoings and efforts have been exerted in diverting the attention of these youth to more suitable and appropriate activities that would help them secure a better future. At the same time, as these operations were done, many drug suspects were arrested hindering them from committing serious and horrific crimes. This led to a dramatic decrease in the occurrence of drug-related crimes. Through the course of Philippine history, no other campaign was proven to be more effective in decreasing the amount of illegal drugs in the country other than the current administration’s war on drugs and rather than throwing harsh criticism and skeptics, the more appropriate course of action would be supporting and advocating it, if not in a large scale, even in small ways. The current administration has proven its capabilities through the implementation of the war on drugs so supporting it would be a great help in exterminating this pest that has plagued the country for years. Filipinos have seen proof and change became a reality which was felt and enjoyed by many. Many have been able to experience a healthy living environment and a safe place to work. Many have been able to sleep soundly at night without a concern about their safety. Many have been able to start a new chapter of their lives and many have been able to secure a bright future for their own and their future children. All of these became a reality through one campaign, the campaign that was doomed to fail, the campaign that was criticized and doubted by many, and the campaign which was tagged as a bloody and unorderly — the current administration’s war on drugs.

Business and administration Assignment

Introduction: As instructed by my tutor Aidan Brehony I will conduct an assignment on the organization known as Starbucks. Starbucks is an American coffee company and coffeehouse chain famous for producing high-end coffee around the world. My aim for this assignment is to find about the history of and Structure of Starbucks and different types of organizational structures like external and internal. And also examine their quality control human resources. And finally, conclude my assignment with a pest SWOT analysis on the organization of Starbucks. I hope to find what makes Starbucks so popular and successful. My research methods will mainly utilize the internet and class notes.

History of Starbucks: Starbucks was established in 1971 in Seattle Washington. And the service is to offer is serve hot and cold drinks and whole-bean coffee. Set up by three partners Gordon Bowker, Jerry Baldwin and Zev Sigel who met at a university in San Francisco. They were all inspired to sell high-quality coffee bean and equipment by fellow entrepreneur Alfred Peet after he taught them his style of roasting beans.

Starbucks opened its first store in 1971 across the street from the historic Pike Place Market in Seattle. In the 1980s Starbucks had four stores in Seattle and stood out from its competitors The three partners named Starbucks after the first mate in Herman Melville’s classic novel Moby Dick. The logo was designed to reflect the seductive imagery of the sea. And has gone through many changes over the years. In 1981 Zev Siegel left to pursue other interests leaving Baldwin as president. By 1981 a sales representative of Swedish company Howard Schultz took notice and was wanted by part of Starbucks and joined as head of marketing and had a vision for Starbucks when visiting Italy was impressed with its cafe and wanted to implement that into Starbucks in the US. Baldwin and Bowker wanted the company to remain as a coffee and equipment seller and not turn into a cafe that served espressos and cappuccinos. Schultz left in 1985 to peruse own company but in 1987 when Baldwin and Bowker decided to sell Schultz was first in line to buy the company and implemented his vision committed to the cafe concept for the business company expanded greatly under the vision of Schultz In today climate Starbucks has a foothold in many countries and has 29,000 stores worldwide has 277,000 employees worldwide and committed employee minority groups.

Ownership:

The owner of Starbucks has been Howard Schultz since 1987 when he purchased Starbucks. Recently stepped down as CEO and Kevin Johnson filled that role in 2017; Howard Schultz is now Chairman Emeritus.

Starbucks has been a publicly traded company since 1992, Starbucks answers to shareholders and the board of directors which Howard Schultz is the major shareholder. Starbucks has a lot of board of directors like Kevin Johnson CEO, and Howard Schultz Chairman Emeritus now retired, Rosalind brewer chief operating officer.

When the founders of Starbucks announced they were selling looking for a price of 4 million, Howard Schultz went to the creditors of his current coffee company at the time persuading them to give him a loan and It is interesting to know that one of the investors at the time included bill gates Microsoft founder and Schultz bought Starbucks became the owner and the rest you could say is history. Starbucks prides itself on offering the best insurance when its comes to working in coffee shops its offers life insurance, disability coverage, vacation, tuition reimbursement, employee assistance, commuter benefits, adoption assistance, and more. And when come to finances Starbucks has consistently boosted profit aside from the financial crash in posting a cash flow of 11.94 Billion the revenue has consistently grown too over the years with growth in 2017 Revenue stood at 22.39 Billon.

Structure of the Starbucks organization (Via essaywritesystem.com)

Starbucks utilizes a matrix hierarchy chart for organizing staff.

This chart shows that Starbucks is a Flat organization shaped structure run by one leader the CEO for many years Howard Schultz by now by Kevin Johnson after Schultz’s retirement.

Starbucks has several features like functional organization, geographic divisions, teams and product-based divisions.

• Functional structure: this structure of Starbucks hierarchy shows the CEO placed on top followed by different departments like Marketing, Human resources and supply and chain.
• Geographic division: this chart shows the company has many geographic divisions which is vital for the company to explore differently. Starbucks has 3 main locations they operate in (1) the Americas,(2) China and Asia pacific and (3) Europe, the middle east, and Africa. each of these divisions has vice president shoe company serious when come to expanding going different markets. This also means the managers’ report to the Geographical head and functional head makes viable for extra support if needed to Geographic divisions.
• Product-based divisions: Another vital part of the structure is product-based divisions which focus on products like coffee, baked goods and essential equipment. This chart makes it important that is proper focus and detail on the products.
• Staff Teams: the number of teams in the Starbucks organization that are the lowest on the organizational hierarchy chart. For example, in each cafe around the world, the company has a team organized to deliver and serve their consumer.

Internal Structure

SWOT Analysis

• Strengths: Starbucks has great brand recognition and great customer service credentials, Starbucks is a money making machine with posting profits and high revenue returns compared to any of its competitors Starbucks uses its profit to invest in straight the business in developing new locations and products. Starbucks is known for treating staff management or baristas well, with numerous benefits and perks and having higher pay rates compared to rivals. in recent years Starbucks has increased food servicing which boost its attractiveness for breakfast, lunch and snacks just not coffee
• Weakness: Some weaknesses I found are pricing is very high compared to its rivals for a comparable product may seem price for students or working-class people, and Recently company come under threat for its procurement practices of coffee beans from impoverished third-world farmers. Also accused of violating the fair coffee trade agreement put in place a couple of years ago. And being accused of being more thoughtful in corporate and social responsibility including poor treatment of some suppliers from emerging countries.
• Opportunities: This multinational coffee brand has opportunities for future growth and expansion. Like global expansion Starbucks does have a footprint in major markets like Us and Europe put if to remind the number coffee brand and company must look to the future with a growing economy in major markets like India, China and some areas of Africa.

Starbucks also has the opportunity to expand its product servicing to compete with restaurant contemporaries burgers and Mcdonald’s by selling more food offerings. New way of distribution Starbucks recently created new way of a delivery system called mobile pour opportunity to improve their distribution system and drive more revenue. Starbucks could also license its name with other retailers of other products like pod coffee maker. Starbucks could extend its supplier network which could lead to better of raw materials like coffee beans could lead to control over raw materials and stop supply disruption.

• Threats: some threats facing the number one coffee companies are Starbucks facing fiery competition from McDonald’s and Dunkin Donuts who look the same products and sell with a fraction of price that Starbucks does. And could shrink their market share. Starbucks’ profitability could be threatened by the economic downturn which could to consumers not have the free cash spend on Starbucks products or could go to a competitor which charges less. If bigger brands like Mcdonalds decide to copy Starbucks’ strategy and introduce the same product could harm Starbucks. And there has been talking of an increase in the price of coffee beans, if that happens the pricey Starbucks coffee will get pricier which would harm the company massively.

Employee’s benefits

Employees at Starbucks enjoy good benefits. Starbucks offers its staff Comprehensive health coverage for medical, dental and vision. Staff is offered education benefits, tuition assistance and free coffee, opportunities to connect around similar interests, paid vacation, and more. Starbucks Vacation benefit is based on the employee’s position length of service and work location staff are paid 1½ times their base hourly rate of pay for any work on major holidays like in the US New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King Jr. Day, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. full-time staff are eligible for sick pay of 40 hours a year

Staff scheduling

Starbucks’ scheduling is micro-managed to the minute. Store managers run the scheduling Starbucks and must take in account the availability of part workers and full-time works, vacation time requested If they desperately need cover outside of your availability, they will ask before scheduling you.

Starbucks uses staff scheduling software that makes it viable track peak working hours and project shifts based how much floor staff is needed in peak hours. The software also gives you suggested labor hours for the whole store daily and weekly. Scheduling nowadays in big companies is arranged up three weeks in advance leaving time for emergency changes .some laws around the globe state nonsalary employees take 30 min break. Shifts in Starbucks sally last 5-6 hours and requires a break and the shift lead may ask you to stay longer or send you home earlier. Starbucks’ staffing philosophy is to get as much labor for as little hours as possible,

Communication system

The way Starbucks communicates with its internal organization staff it uses many methods like an assimilation meeting is 1-hour staff meeting in which staff are introduced to a new manager or new employee has started. Open-based discussion between staff and new manager in this meeting staff can ask questions to new manger Starbucks uses this method to facilitate process that accelerates learning, it breeds trust between manager and his or her staff. The Human Resource are present at assimilation to make sure everything runs smoothly and makes sure is no problems between new manager and its staff

Another communication device is skipped level meeting which happens once year between the non-managerial team and upper management .these meetings bring key three questions about what want us to continue doing. What you like see stop happening in the workplace and finally what do you want start see? These questions are specific to a team manager .upper management answers any queries employees might have going forward. These answers are feedback anonymously to the manager by the HR department in an open cooperative fashion.

External organizations

Starbucks like many businesses faced the of the financial recession of 2008 in many ways. Internal many staff lost their jobs mainly barista. With the decrease of coffee being bought by customers at the time. Consumers seemed to lose their appetite for coffee. Starbucks was forced to shut down 600 coffee shops that were not making profits. By march of 2008 Starbucks’ profits had fallen by 28% compared to 2007. And it did get better in 2009 it closed 300 stores and lay off 6,700 staff. At the time Starbucks CEO Howard Schultz asked the board to cut his salary to save money and their share dropped 2.5% at New York stock exchange at the time. And plans of further expansion across the globe were scaled back until the economy improved.

Recent political decisions affecting Starbucks business: Starbucks can be affected by political events like trade relationships with coffee-producing countries and exporting countries. And Starbucks has look at countries its trades with in terms of labor and raw material. Starbucks might find it hard to expand its trade partnerships in developing countries.

Marketing and advertising

Starbucks, as a brand has high reputation for its product and unequal customer service vital ingredient into its success, has been its marketing and advertising to grow its brand and increase sale of coffee through many markets. Starbucks has always invested in marketing and advertising 387.7 million plus for last few years one of the ways Starbucks markets itself is through social media especially YouTube posting over 500 video featuring products, the supply chain and various other aspects of its business operations. Also, it launched animated series called ‘first and main show what it’s like working in Starbucks. Another way it markets it throw Twitter boosting a following of 11.4 million showing off new products and promoting upcoming flavors. Starbucks as a brand show it’s important you must invest in their customers. and Starbucks has been very aware of brand merchandising vital component in any brand’s success. Starbucks logo is printed on every brand merchandise. Pretty merchandise are always pleasant and adds value to its product. And Starbucks often says “A perfect cup of coffee cannot be perfect if the cup is imperfect. This strategy is very customer driven. One main they gain exposure is threw advertising and the heads of Starbucks have in invested 230 million plus and see advertising as a vital tool for selling its product. Its TV commercial shows the hottest new flavors available at the Starbucks stores

Pest analysis

Political factors

Play major role in the working of Starbucks corporation growth in certain markets and countries. Starbucks has been operating in the Specialty Eateries industry and deals with many different political climates in many countries. Are many factors that affect or impact the business of Starbucks. The political stability of the country’s government is vital for Starbucks is terms of supply and chain. Political disruption can result in disruption of supply and chain can impact day to day of Starbucks and can affect sales and profits. Trade requirements and tariffs related to service can impact the business. The more stable the political system can relate to the economy Starbucks has a global brand has many suppliers are located all over the globe it has to deal with different political pressure and conditions of each country. Starbucks has dealt with different pay structures in each country like minimum wage. Starbucks deals with different tax laws in each country it operates in.

Economic factors

Starbucks operating as the number 1 coffee brand across the globe must look at different economic systems and how stable the economy is in each country is in a recession or it flourishing. Another factor unemployment rate of each country it operates in, and how well some countries dealt with the 2008 financial crisis. A healthy Economy can also affect the cost of raw materials. how well the exchange rates are and the healthy of the currency great example was the pound when the united kingdom announced the pound dropped massively. Better the economy means more sales for Starbucks and better job opportunities in different markets.

Social factors

Society culture can play a massive role in a business’s ability to flourish and generate revenue.

A Factor Starbucks must contend with is the demographic of the population of the area business and the class structure of the population Starbucks is operating. Professionals and the working class make a good portion of Starbucks’ segment. Starbucks can offer cheaper alternatives without sacrificing the quality of coffee which works a certain base of society. Starbucks has kept updated on trends and changes in society. Changes in consumer preferences can affect sales. Priority of Starbucks would focus on the millennial generation and their preference and create a marketing campaign around that millennial generation whole are likely to socialize in coffee shops around the world

Technology

[bookmark: _vw1mw69beqt6]In the last thirty technology has expanded massively and are a key factor for any business, especially one as global as Starbucks. Many technological advances have affected many areas of business like marketing, finance, and human resources. Starbucks has made good use of technology like being focused on digital innovation to drive business like creating a mobile order and pay feature on its app also has partnerships with Apple, Spotify and the New York Times And also introduced Wi-Fi capabilities across its coffee shops so the customer can surface the web while enjoying a cup of coffee. Starbucks’ embrace of technology has helped the recruitment process with abilities to apply for job online through its app to find be employees

Human resource

Starbucks has been known to have great management and staff because it has been its priority to have a great working environment and follow the policy of respect and dignity. One main when talking about human resource employees

• Employees: One main principle when hiring Starbucks follows is any new employee must receive twenty-four of training in a span of two weeks. For an employee to learn Starbucks’ culture and how it operates. How to learn core technical skills for becoming a successful barista. Starbucks also offers a range of management development opportunities and design special programs.
• Recruitment: the process of developing pool of applicants to until highly skilled employees. Starbucks recruitment could set up two-part section support center and retail. Career opportunities in the support area range from finance, technology, supply chain and marketing. On the other side retail has store managers and assailants operating day to day operating in each area. When interviewing for Starbucks many applicants have said felt welcomed and the interview process is fun. The potential new staff is all also offered a drink when they arrive, this shows Starbucks show incoming staff the Starbucks culture

Starbucks uses internal recruitment methods that are job posting and promotion from within which can lead to career paths to future management opportunities. Starbucks also uses External recruitment methods like walk-ins ‘ where people apply on their own accord, and also utilizes employee referral, which current employees recommended to future staff.

• Selection process: before interviewing for a job at Starbucks applicants get vetted applicant must supply Personal information, work history, and references .after all the information on an applicant is reviewed the hiring will usually contact the applicant by phone . Typically a store manager will conduct the interview, higher positions in the company may need group or panel discussions for usually management jobs. The interview question may vary on the applicant but questions are on the knowledge of the company and interest in the coffee industry and past experience .most questions look to see what applicant’s personality and work ethic
• Training and development: the training scheme used in Starbucks is to make sure staff gain and develop the skills need to work in a coffee shop effectively New employees are taught about coffee and how to please the customer. And taught about the three Cs in Starbucks culture which are Coffee, connection, and culture. Also taught how to communicate effectively within the business

Quality control

Their labs in Seattle taste endless amounts of coffee and other products they’re responsible for testing seventy-five percent of five hundred million plus pounds of beans that Starbucks will buy and roast each year, the procedure is long and tedious but there is no shortcut. It needs sipping and brewing carefully and crafted samples collected from shipping containers that arrive to our ports. Starbucks quality control staff test 1000 cups a day, a batch of coffee east three times before it’s approved and shopped around the world.

Starbucks’ reputation is built by having a great quality control system. Starbucks’ cupping system saves the Company money of having whole coffee beans shipped if there is a faulty sample in testing. the general public expects Starbucks have impeccable QC and QA all of Starbucks’ products are subject to health controls that are backed by legislation. the cupping system taught at Starbucks is very particular staff are intensively trained in this area and could be costly if messed up. Starbucks has been ISO 9000 certified and means to .maintain an efficient quality system.

Conclusion

To conclude my thoughts on the organization of Starbucks. Starbucks has built the number one coffee brand in the world through great marketing and advertising and impeccable customer service. Some strength I learned from Starbucks is investing money made in profit and revenue in further developing its brand and growing into new markets. It did a great job in treating staff management or baristas well, with numerous benefits and perks. Some weaknesses I found in the company where pricing is very high compared to its rivals for a comparable product and may put off new customers. Some opportunity for Starbucks is the growth in new markets in India and some parts of Europe. Political factors that affect impact business of Starbucks. The political stability of the country’s government is vital for Starbucks in terms of supply and chain also Starbucks changes with the times when comes to technology. Starbucks also was able to bounce back from the 2008 financial crisis after the loss of jobs in that year. And finally, Starbucks will I believe face future threats from big companies like McDonald’s and Dunkin donuts. And the conclusion I believe Starbucks will stay at the top as the number one coffee brand due to brilliant organizational structure and functionality with great CEO at the helm

References

1. History of Starbucks https://www.starbucks.com/about-us/company-information/starbucks-company-timeline Date accessed 10/01/19
2. Ownership and Board of directors information https://www.marketscreener.com/STARBUCKS-CORPORATION-4905/company/ Date accessed 11/01/19
3. Organizational structure and chart https://research-methodology.net/starbucks-organizational-structure-a-tall-and-divisional/ Date Accessed 09/01/19
4. Employee benefits http://assets.starbucks.com/assets/7343fbbdc87845ff9a000ee009707893.pdf Date accessed 29/12/18
5. Staff scheduling https://www.quora.com/How-do-managers-schedule-shifts-at-Starbucks Date accessed 30/12/18
6. Marketing and Advertising https://www.cheshnotes.com/2017/01/marketing-strategy-of-starbucks/ Date accessed 5/01/19
7. Staff communication types https://smallbusiness.chron.com/skiplevel-manager-37519.html Date accessed 10/01/19
8. Human Resources https://starbucksrohan.wordpress.com/human-resources/ Date accessed 10/01/19
9. Quality control at Starbucks https://sprudge.com/fast-co-starbucks-cupping-51732.html Date Accessed 10/01/19
10. SWOT of Starbucks http://panmore.com/starbucks-coffee-swot-analysis

Public management is often mistakenly believed to be the same as public administration. While there is some overlap, the two disciplines actually make use of different sets of professional duties. Public administration focuses on producing public policies and coordinating public programs. Public management is a sub-discipline of public administration that involves conducting managerial activities in public organizations.

What Is Public Administration?

Public administration is a field of political science that plans organize, directs, coordinates, and controls operations at government, public sector, and non-profit organizations. The government grants public administrators the authority to advise policymakers based on observations of constituent populations and society. Every nation employs some form of public administration within its government systems. In the U.S., public administration is practiced at the local, state, national, and international levels, with different policy goals at each level.

Public administrators coordinate civil servants to write public policy and achieve policy objectives. Professionals in the field also work to develop strong relationships between public and private groups by advocating for consensus and interests through policy. Different groups have competing desires, so it is important that public administrators have the skills to mitigate conflict in policymaking.

What Is Public Management?

Public managers carry out the managerial operations of public organizations. In practice, public management is meant to improve the quality and efficiency of services delivered by public organizations. Managers interpret public policy to implement public services in ways that are expected to achieve the most desirable outcomes for the interests they serve.

Public managers can operate in two different areas: the internal and external management of public organizations.

• Internally, public managers must understand how to manage risk and change within their respective organizations. This demands that they stay informed of societal conditions that may impact their organizations’ ability to function optimally. By acknowledging those risks, managers can act accordingly, taking preemptive measures to diminish identified risks and prepare their staff to adapt to the instability those adverse conditions may have on the organization.
• Externally, public management entails leading efforts to collaborate with private groups to support the adoption of public policy. In this capacity, public managers work with private citizens and other public organizations to keep public programs running smoothly. To do this, managers perform tasks such as coordinating public human resources to assist with specific projects or helping certain communities secure the necessary financing to implement public programs.

Public Administration vs. Public Management: Similarities

The fields of public administration and public management are both concerned with public policy and how it can be used to improve societal conditions. Both specialties are active in supporting the adoption and implementation of public policy. They also largely use the same essential professional skills, including knowledge of public finance, leadership abilities, interpersonal communication skills, and strategic thinking.

Public Administration vs. Public Management: Differences

The underlying difference between both fields lies in the core definitions of administration and management. Management is concerned with planning and taking action, while administration relates to the application of policies that dictate how management personnel should act.

The rules of public administration are instrumental in the process of developing policy, providing a measure of guidance as to how those policies should be introduced to societies. In contrast, the rules of public management dictate how civil servants should implement those policies. Public management is a hands-on approach that focuses on the daily tasks involved with rolling out policies, whereas public administration prioritizes controlling the hierarchies, rules, and regulations that contribute to instituting the public policy.

Career Outlook for Public Administration and Public Management

Because the fields of public management and public administration are closely linked, many universities roll public management coursework into their Master of Public Administration programs. Public management concepts taught in such programs (e.g. public human resource management or financial management in government) are often built into the curriculum for public administration. This gives graduates the opportunity to develop the practical knowledge they need to excel at management or administrative positions in government or nonprofit organizations.

Upon graduation, educated public administrators may join the ranks of political scientists, public administrators, city managers, and similar professionals who impact public policy in modern societies.

In practice, there is no conflict pitting public administration vs. public management; rather, it’s about the partnership of public administration and public management. The success of public policy depends on the effective application of both disciplines by public organizations and dedicated professionals.