Category: 9/11

Correlation Between 9-11 And Hate Crime

Introduction:

It is undeniable that the September 11 (9-11) attacks were an extremely significant event. Specifically, 9-11 refers to the attacks on September 11 where al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked airliners and flew them into the World Trade Centre and Pentagon (Manar 2014). However, the significance 9-11 had and continues to have across a multitude of areas in not abundantly clear. Thus, what is the significance of 9-11? This paper will seek to explain what said significance is, exploring a number of areas that were significantly impacted and affected by 9-11. The impacts 9-11 had in areas such as security, trade, crime, counterterrorism and its influence on terrorism will be examined in both short-term and long-term contexts. Through exploring these areas affected by 9-11, it is clear what the significance of 9-11 is.

A summary of the events of 9-11:

Firstly however, it must be understood what exactly 9-11 was. On September 11 members of the Islamic extremist group al-Qaeda hijacked 4 separate airliners in the United States (Manar 2014). The terrorist groups targeted the World Trade Centre in New York, the Pentagon in Virginia and a third unknown target (Nacos 2002). The hijackers were successful in their attacks on the World Trade Centre and the Pentagon but failed to attack their third target as passengers on that plane were able to force the plane to crash in Pennsylvania (Bergen 2019). Ultimately, nearly 3000 people were killed due to the attacks, by far the deadliest terrorist attack on US soil (Williams and McDonald 2018). The 9-11 attacks are categorised as fourth wave attacks (Rapoport 2002). This fourth wave is categorised by terrorist groups that target military and government installations, frequently those belonging to the United States (Rapoport 2002). Ultimately, the scale of 9-11 was unprecedented and has had a significant impact on the world in a number of areas, thus revealing 9-11s significance.

Security:

The events of 9-11 have greatly affected security across the globe. Both national security and human security have been significantly affected by 9-11. National security refers to a nations ability to prevent adversaries from harming their people or national interests (Sarkesian et al 2008), whilst human security refers to a person’s ability to live “without having their survival threatened or their dignity impaired” (Sen 2000). The significance 9-11 had in correlation to national security is most evident when examining the United States. Following 9-11, major changes were undertaken by the United States to prevent further attacks. Greater emphasis was placed on national security by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Department of Homeland Security was established, and the Department of Defence increased its activity in attempting to identify terrorist threats in the United States (Waxman 2009). Furthermore, at local and state levels there was a change towards preventative measures and preparations in the event of further attacks (Waxman 2009). Evidently, 9-11 holds a large amount of significance pertaining to national security. Perhaps of most significance was the 2003 invasion of Iraq, a war against terrorism (Webster 2011). The invasion of Iraq was justified by the US as they claimed Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction, an obvious threat to national security. The main reason behind the invasion however was to subdue al-Qaeda forces in Iraq, the same group responsible for 9-11, and remove Saddam Hussein from power (Webster 2011). Human security too was significantly affected. Human security encompasses a number of aspects, most fundamentally freedom from fear (Reinert 2018). The United States invasion of Iraq was thus an attempt to improve human security too. 44% of Americans believed the perpetrators of 9-11 to be Iraqi (none actually were), and 64% believed the Iraqi leader, Saddam Hussein to be linked with al-Qaeda (Webster 2011). Thus, the US believed an invasion was also in the interests of human security, to act and prevent further fear stemming. Therefore, it is evident that 9-11 holds a large amount of significance in relation to security, both national and human.

Trade:

9-11 also holds a large significance in relation to global trade. In essence, the 9-11 attacks drastically undermined any procedures and protocols in place to prevent such attacks. Many new policies and procedures were implemented, many of which significantly affected trade (Liebman 2003). One such change was the implementation of the Homeland Security Act which encompassed areas related to trade including customs (Liebman 2003). The position of Secretary for Border and Transportation Security was also established to oversee customs (Liebman 2003). Following this, customs also adopted the roles of import specialists, international trade specialists and more (Leibman 2003). The impact 9-11 had on trade is perhaps most apparent when examining trade between Canada and the United States in the years after 9-11. Immediately after the attacks, trade between the two nations crashed. It was only until 2005 that exports from the US to Canada returned to a normal level (Globerman 2006). Furthermore, imports into the US from Canada hadn’t even returned to normal levels by that time (Globerman 2006). This is evident in the fact that by 2003, US imports to Canada were 26% lower than normal and by 2005, imports into the US from Canada were still 12% lower than usual (Globerman 2006). There were also additional measures taken shortly after the events of 9-11 in relation to trade, such as the deployment of the National Guard to border crossings (not just for Canada) to manage trade and provide security (Globerman 2006). Thus, the significance 9-11 has in relation to trade is clear.

Hate Crimes:

The significance of 9-11 pertaining to crime rates is evident, specifically in the correlation between 9-11 and hate crime rates. Hate crimes can generally be described as crimes committed against an individual due to the group affiliation of the victim, this generally being race or ethnicity (Hall 2013). Thus, in the wake of 9-11, several groups became the targets of those looking to commit hate crimes in deluded acts of vengeance. These hate crimes can be divided into two categories of motivation, these being defensive and thrill (Levin 2014). Defensive hate crimes encompass crimes where an individual seeks to protect their land, community or other people from someone they perceive as a threat (Levin 2014). Thrill hate crimes are crimes committed by individuals seeking excitement or enjoyment from the act of committing the crime (Levin 2014). The events of 9-11 saw a significant rise in hate crimes, mostly defensive motivated ones (Levin 2014). In the year 2000, there were almost no hate crimes targeting Muslims and Arabs in America. However, following 9-11, 60% of all hate crimes were anti-Islamic focused (Levin 2014). This is reflected in a 1600% rise in anti-Islamic motivated hate crimes post 9-11 (Levin 2014). Notably, Arabs and Muslims were not the only groups to increasingly become the victims of hate crimes, as Latinos, African Americans and immigrants regardless of ethnicity all were increasingly targeted (Levin 2014). Ultimately, any group perceived as being outside of the mainstream was more likely to be a target of a hate crime, defensive or thrill motivated post 9-11 (Levin 2014). The impact 9-11 has had regarding hate crimes still remains, as anti-Islamic motivated hate crime rates still remain five times higher than they were in 2000 (Disha et al 2014). These anti-Islamic views are further seen in the controversy that arose when the construction of a mosque was proposed at a location not far from the site of the World Trade Centre’s, known as Ground Zero (Disha et al 2014). Overall, the anti-Islamic views that developed following 9-11 are still present in many Western nations today, most notably in the United States. These views are thus responsible for inciting hate crimes. Therefore, the significance 9-11 has in relation to hate crimes is evident.

Counterterrorism:

The significance of 9-11 is also apparent in relation to the change it triggered in counterterrorism efforts around the world. The most obvious counterterrorism response to 9-11 was Americas ‘War on Terror’ (Bossong 2013). America’s response was thus action orientated and was an immediate response to the al-Qaeda led attacks on September 11 (Bossong 2013). European nations, such as Germany and France responded differently however (Bossong 2013). Their response was not as direct as Americas and involved counterterrorism operations to stop terrorist activities before they actually occurred. This was achieved through the establishment of EU Counter-terrorism Strategy and the EU Plan of Action on Combatting Terrorism, created in 2005 and 2004 respectively (Bossong 2013). Thus, it is evident that the events of 9-11 triggered large and significant change regarding counterterrorism. However, not all these changes were so apparent in their implementation. More secretive responses also took place which also aimed to disrupt terrorist activity. Law enforcement agencies are heavily utilized when engaging in counterterrorist activities (Waxman 2009). For example, the New York Police Department had undercover officers monitor protesters who were members of religious groups, when the Republic National Convention was held in New York in 2004 (Waxman 2009). The United Nations Security Council also had a large response following 9-11 (Roach 2011). The Security Council responded by enacting Resolution 1373 just a few weeks after 9-11 occurred (Roach 2011). Resolution 1373 aims to hinder terrorist activity by criminalizing the funding of terrorism (Roach 2011). The resolution notes that respecting people’s human rights is essential, however it also defends nations who use repressive laws in an attempt to curb terrorism (Roach 2011). Ultimately, nations across the world and global bodies such as the United Nations had and continue to have large counterterrorism responses post 9-11. Thus, the significance 9-11 poses to counterterrorism is clear.

Influence on Terrorism:

The attacks carried out by al-Qaeda on September 11 have influenced many other terrorist groups. 9-11 remains the deadliest and most destructive terrorist attack to date on US soil (Mueller and Stewart 2012). Previous terrorist attacks such as the 1972 Munich Games Massacre (Large 2009) and the bombing of the World Trade Centres in 1993 (Asaeda 2008) were small in comparison. Thus, through the success of their attacks, al-Qaeda has had a significant influence on other terrorist organisations across the globe. One such terrorist group is Islamic State (ISIS). Following the invasion of Iraq in 2003 in response to 9-11, anti-American sentiment grew drastically among Muslims in the Middle East (Webster 2011). This resulted in many joining al-Qaeda to fight against the United States (Hove 2018). One such man who fought against the United States was Ahamd Fadhil Nazzal al-Khalaylah, more commonly known as Al-Zarqawi (Hove 2018). Al-Zarqawi fought with al-Qaeda against the United States in Iraq and also led the terrorist group, al-Qaeda in Iraq known as AQI. (Hove 2018). However, Al-Zarqawi was killed in an air strike in June of 2006 but was succeeded by Abu Ayyoub al-Masri (Hove 2018). AQI then became Islamic State in Iraq and later, the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham or ISIS in 2013 (Hove 2018). Ultimately, the success of the 9-11 attacks by al-Qaeda enabled the group to gain support and resulted in the establishment of ISIS through Al-Zarqawi and Abu Ayyoub al-Masri. Therefore, the significance 9-11 has regarding its influence on other terrorist organisations is evident

Conclusion:

Thus, it is clear that 9-11 holds a large amount of significance to a number of areas. These areas that hold a large amount of significance in relation to 9-11 include security, trade, hate crimes, counterterrorism and its influence on terrorism. The long-lasting impacts and influences the 9-11 attacks had on these areas thus reveals the significance the attacks had and continue to have. Therefore, it is evident what the significance of 9-11 is.

Impact of Terrorist Attack of 9/11 on the Security Policies of the United States of America: Analytical Essay

Many people can tell you in great detail exactly what they were doing at the exact moment, express to you their raw emotions, as well as convey their very real fears. This unspeakable crime had no target, did not discriminate or single any one group of people out, it had no real motive other than pure hatred. Although there are thousands of stories to tell about the terrorist attack that occurred September 11th, 2001 one factor remains consistent, this despicable act of terrorism has forever reshaped America. The policies of American security has changed, foreign policies has also been reformed, as well as the way many view Islamic people.

8:46 A.M. birthed the reconstruction of American security, flight 11 carrying hundreds of people plowed into the north side of the World Trade Center. Terror was ignited along with confusion and chaos what was believed to be an accident would become crystal clear in just 17 more minutes as the other Twin tower was also hit. More lives would be lost today than the attack on Pearl Harbor. The heartbreaking story would continue to unfold with another successful attack on the Pentagon and what would have been a fourth attack where members of the plane was able to successfully take down the terrorist and crashed in a field in Shanksville, Pennsylvania. This attack was led by 19 young Islamic extremist, although there had been warnings, threats, and attempts in the past nothing could have prepared people for the loss of almost 3,000 lives.

There has been many changes since the attack beginning with American language. What was once just a day of the year is now a very distinctive date and when mentioned everyone knows what you are referring to with very little to no explanation. Terms like Al-Quida, ground zero, and radicalism has also been added to many people vocabulary. The biggest change came with all 19 individuals who had planned on carrying out the attack successfully making it in to the country and this was alarming for many. We needed stricter security measures and needed them immediately. Just two months after the attack congress implemented Transportation Security Administration or TSA would be created to help guard airports. You are now required to present idea, go through checkpoints, as well as your baggage is screened. Many items that you can take on a plane is now regulated or all together prohibited. Before the attack airports used their own private security company but this system as evidentially too relaxed and caused the airports to be federalized. Fortified cockpits were also implemented and many removed the curtains that had been in place to separate first class from other passengers. Along with these new policies pilots can now apply to be a federal flight deck officer, they would still be a piolet but they will act on behalf of the federal government and be permitted to carry a loaded gun on the plane. These new policies are the reason for the “government fees” that are now tacked on when you buy a plane ticket.

Legislator was also passed due to the terrorist attack, although a total of 130 related legislation acts and 48 bills were signed into law the most recognized act is the Patriot Act more formally referred to as “Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism,” or USA-PATRIOT. Boarder control was also taken more seriously now requiring the State Department and Immigration facilities to share immigration and Visa information with one another. Health insurance was provided to those that worked at the affected areas during the time of the attack as well as the Post-9/11 G.I. Bill was signed for soldiers. Several agencies including Naturalization and Immigration services would ban together and create what is now Homeland security. 263 government groups were either formed or recreated after the terrorist attack. After 9/11additional security measures were also taken for skyscrapers. All structures that contained more than 42 stories would implement additional stairs, fire and impact preventative walls were also added.

U.S foreign policies were also modified. After 9/11 tougher regulations to visa issuance was put into place, Pakistan has been impacted the most. Tourist visas fell by 70% and immigration visas fell by 40% compared to the previous year. With this there was also a steep drop in the number of tourist leaving the country to visit other countries. Deportation was also a common theme in this era post 9/11. According to data collected by the Department of Homeland Security deportation rates raised 104%. Deportation for Central America alone raised 430%.

The terrorist attack was referred to as an act of war. Within days of the attack a plan was already set in motion to reshape this great nation, the focus was more of a military response than diplomatic. There was additionally development away from strategy that organized relations with the extraordinary forces of Russia and China. Prior events had contrarily affected relations with the two countries causing turmoil that stretched out past the Cold War period threats and desperation divided the East and West even more. Nonetheless, Americans wanted to make an anti-terrorism alliance that would be conveyed worldwide. This brought forward some peace between the countries and encouraged them to talk and interact with each other in the name of national security. This change gives proof of a quick move made for the US best interests and this showed in international strategy. All things considered, this is a critical change that happened post-9/11, particularly as it rose out of the main reaction to the attack and served to direct US activities abroad for over 10 years following.

The center of everyone’s focus moved from the great powers and towards psychological oppression and terrorism, it provided an appropriate to a safe space to address security dangers by means of the three pillars of the Bush organization’s national security strategy, which had turned into a basic component of international strategy since World War II. The attack on American soil brought both dichotomy and understanding of policy together. The leaders who focus was missile protection formed pre-emption and homeland security as a solution. In spite of the fact that components of this were established in domestic strategy, the pre-emption part of arrangement was likewise show in international strategy in light of the fact that foreign policy also feared terrorist and attacks. U.S. Foreign policy also played a major role in rebuilding the country after these awful attacks.

“The simple fact that the War on Terror was begun in the United States is an important reminder of the significance of the American context. The events of 9/11 took place in the US, and the War on Terror was born through the words of politicians situated within (a uniquely stunned) American society.” (Jack Holland). There has been very few wars that have been fought on American soil so this was very new to the American people as well as government leaders. The world watch these events unfold and there was a sense of disbelief that this would occur in America. The biggest changes came merely from the location of the attack, Lebovic wrote in his book Deterring International Terrorism and Rogue States: US National Security Policy after 9/11:

US policymakers have pursued policies that require the US to do everything without concern for resources, trade-offs, overreach, and the unintended consequences of policy. The “war on terrorism” has become the rallying cry for the US as it races off in multiple directions in the pursuit of open-ended policies.

Deterrence was the repetitive agenda for all, what could be done to ensure that this will never happen again while sending a message to other nations that the American people will not stand for this under any circumstances. Many critics are on edge in the US national security feud and have for the most part conceded to follow the decisions made by their nation’s leaders. The fight over US strategies toward supposed rebel states has been centered on execution of arrangement instead of upon its presumptions. The post-war feud over the 2003 US attack of Iraq diminished first to whether the US knowledge of Iraq’s weapons of mass obliteration was positive or negative, and afterward who was answerable for the inaccurate information that were utilized to legitimize US mediation. The issue of whether such weapons in the hands of Iraq required US military activity had been settled; and the alternative of preemptive activity against Iran and maybe North Korea stays on the table. These arrangements probably won’t work and can really undermine deterrence which was supposed to be the main goal, welcoming the outcomes that appropriation seem to fear. Unexamined suppositions additionally infest US security to go against rebel states. Policymakers neglect to recognize that aspiring US endeavors to protect against rebel state missile assaults can fuel prevention issues if driving US enemies to receive destabilizing countermeasures or to abuse the vulnerabilities of the security and in any case the adequacy of US safeguards will depend upon a US risk to rebuff guilty parties through a prevention system.

​Although there has been huge leaps forward in the right direction since 9/11 there has also been some drawbacks. The wrongdoing of 19 young men has affected Islamic people as a whole. The unfortunate events of 9/11 has essentially caused many people to be discriminated against, natural born as well as immigrants. A new term, Islamophobia was birthed. The president at the time George W. Bush encouraged people not to fear Islamic people, he urged people not to single the Islamic nation out for the acts of few. The controversy hasn’t mollified from that point forward, the Muslim crusade messages from political competitors, hearings on Muslim radicalization on Capitol Hill and the contention over a proposed Islamic building close to Ground Zero has fueled the fire. Understanding the impact of the Islamic community post 9/11 is a bit difficult being that they weren’t a group that were really studied before the incident.

​Islamic people come in many different shapes, sizes, and races being that Islam is a religion and not a race or ethnic group however, the target of most of these hateful motivated attacks are those that fall along the lines of the common stereotypes. Many women in hijabs have been attacked as well as those who have a bronze skin tone that are known to be “from the Middle East”. These attacks are still very much alive and current, they occur in schools, religious temples, discrimination at work, as well as everyday life. We all know how 9/11 has effect the US but no one ever wants to open the floor to discuss how it has also affected the thousands of innocent Islamic victims who beliefs do not align with extremist. Islamic people worldwide are held accountable for this attack and are now targets but the fact remains that there were only 19 guilty individuals involved. As a nation that is supposed to be united and preaches about “Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.” Our own nations beliefs is pretty biased when they determine who to grant liberty and just too.

​It is evident that the terrorist attack of 9/11 has forever reshaped the United States of America from security policies, to U.S. foreign policy and the way members of the Islamic faith are viewed. Tragedy is unfortunate but it is however a learning and growing experience, an experience that provided us an opportunity to shed light on where our country fall weak and to correct those imperfections. An opportunity to rebuild even stronger and band together. A opportunity to discuss the problems of the world on a global scale and insight change Many factors will continue to reshape our country and push us forward however through it all America will remain strong and true to our core values, a standing republic.

Analytical Essay on Planning of 9/11 and Analysis of Days Leading up to 9/11

Planning 9/11

When someone says 9/11, what is the first thing you think about? Is it the images of the gaping hole in the World Trade Center? Is it the images of a plane deliberately slamming into the south tower of the World Trade Center? Is it images of people, covered in dust, looking up, into the beautiful blue sky, pierced with smoke thinking. Most people think of where they were on that fateful morning. But wait a minute, before you start thinking about where you were, let me ask you a few questions. When somebody asks you about 9/11, have you ever thought about the hijackers? Have you ever thought how, Al Qaeda planned one of the largest acts of terrorism on U.S. soil? I give you: Planning 9/11. Throughout this speech we will be examining 2 main points, first we will examine the first few months leading up to 9/11, then we will be examining the 30 days leading up to the attack. Without further ado lets dive right into point

1. Leading up to 9/11

To start, let’s go back a few years before 9/11, on October 31, 1991. All of the following information has been retrieved from the extensive report by the New York Times, unless otherwise stated. Egypt Air flight 990, crashed into the Atlantic Ocean, killing everyone on board. Why did it crash? The NTSB (The National Transportation Safety Board) (Ntsb.gov, 2019), said after Egypt Air Flight 990, that the first officer essentially hijacked the plane. After the plane crashed into the Atlantic Ocean, the word spread and eventually to the ears, of Osama bin Laden. Osama bin Laden, at the time was the most influential person in AL-Qaeda. When he learned that the first officer essentially hijacked Egypt Air flight 990, his first response was, “Why did he not fly it into a building.” That judge, just shows you how evil bin Laden was. Later investigators found out that the first officer on Egypt Air flight 990, downed the plane and according to the log, the first officer repeated, Tawkalt ala Allah, meaning, “I put my trust in God.” He repeated this until the plane hit the water. Interesting enough in the investigation of 9/11, investigators listen to the cockpit recordings, on flight 93 which was downed in Pennsylvania. The hijackers are chanting the entire time as they are descending, Allah is the greatest. Allah is the greatest. Both pilots chanting to Allah before death. But back to Osama bin Laden. After Osama bin Laden heard of Egypt flight crashing, his wheels in his head began to turn to develop a new strategy, one that would be the most evil and deadliest plans in modern history. Bin Laden, wanted to involve 10 planes, and attack the east and west coast. But before we get into that lets meet a man by the name of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed. Khalid was the Uncle of Ramzi Yousef. If that name sounds familiar to you, Yousef was the mastermind and the person who carried out the 1993 World Trade center bombings. Khalid is dubbed as the architect behind 9/11. He said that he planned to fly the 10th plane himself, but eventually Osama bin Laden ruled against that. So, they decided on four planes with 20 hijackers, 5, for each plane. If you know anything about 9/11 you’re probably thinking wait 20? Yes, in the original plans there was 20 hijackers. I will get to what happened to that 20th hijacker later in the speech. Khalid originally wanted 25-30 hijackers, but some just could not emotionally, kill themselves, and some were not granted VISAs to the United States. With the 20 hijackers chosen, most of the hijackers went to US to begin flight training. Next the timing, the timing was a real debate between the 9/11 conspirators, the first date that Osama bin Laden wanted, was on May 12, 2001. But once he learned that the prime minister of Israel would be at the white house in June. He pushed the date forward. Either date, Khalid disclosed that the hijackers were not ready. So, they decided to decide on what targets they were going to hit before they decided a date. They devolved a “preliminary target list” in the spring of 1999. The conspirators reverted back to that, to decide what to hit. The world trade center, pentagon, federal bureau of investigation, white house, capitol, were all on this list. There was some conflict on what they should have hit though for instance while everyone agreed on the capitol. Khalid wanted the world trade center, but Bin laden wanted the pentagon and the white house. Among Mr. bin Laden and his confederates, the Capitol was ‘the apparent wellspring of U.S. approach in help of Israel,’ while the White House was considered ‘a political image.’ Osama bin Laden asked Mohammed Atta the head hijacker, what he thought. Atta figured that the white house was to tough a target to hit, He said it was better to hi the capitol, Osama agreed. It is still unclear to this day, why it would be difficult to hit the White house. But hastily, they concluded on both World Trade Centers, The Pentagon, and the Capitol building. Atta decided the second week of September, because the Congress would be in session at the Capitol. Again it is not entirely known, how they knew that the congress would be in session. But now with the date set, the targets set, and the hijackers finishing up training in the US, everything begin to fall into place, right under America’s nose. So now let’s examine the

2. Days leading up to 9/11

It is early August 2001, America is at no warning that in just under a month 2,996 people will perish. But now let’s not forget the purpose of this speech, to show how they did it. So back to the hijackers. Mohammad Atta and 2 other hijackers board a plan to fly to Las Vegas, there they will meet with the other 16 hijackers. For the first planning session. Now let’s meet that 20th hijacker, Zacarias Moussaoui. He already started to raise suspicion, while he was at his flight training school, he said he wanted to learn how to fly a 747, but not get a piloting license. At the time of the meeting of the conspirators, President Bush’s national security advisor, Condoleezza Rice, fails to do any action regarding warnings from the counter-terrorism officials. The CIA counter-terrorism finally tells the department of defense, “We are going to be struck soon, many Americans will die, and it could be in the US.” It is now August 16, 2001. Zacarias Moussaoui is in for a rough night, he is pulled over by police and arrested on immigration charges, the 9/11 conspirators just lost one of the hijackers. He is deported the next day, while the FBI scrambles to get a court order to search his computer. Mohammed Atta has one more test flight, before he is done with flight school. The flight instructor overhears Mohammed Atta over the radio shout “God is great” as he is descending to land. And yes, that’s what the person in the Egypt flight said. Its now 20 days before the attacks will happen, A Jordanian is in prison and he tells FBI agents, ‘Something big is going to happen.’ On August 24, 2001, the FBI finally puts 2 of the hijackers on its FBI terror watch list. The next day Khalid al-mihdhar, one of the hijackers who was put on that list, books his seat for American Airlines flight 77, to depart at 8:20 a.m. from Dulles international airport on September 11, 2001. This is the first ticket purchased by the conspirators. Then the other hijackers begin to follow. Mohammed Atta purchase his and another hijacker, then Marwan al-Shehhi buys his. The next day 4 more hijackers reserve their seats for the morning of September 11, 2001. On August 31, 2001, all the hijackers have purchased their tickets except for Hani Hanjor, he purchases his on this day. Hani Hanjor then meets the other hijackers who will be on his flight in Laurel, Maryland they will stay there until the attack occurs. It is Labor day now, The hijackings are 8 days away and all the hijackers have remained undetected. The four hijackers who will operate the planes have all received FAA pilot’s licenses. The FAA also warns the FBI that Zacarias Moussaoui may have been training to hijack a 747 aircraft at JFK airport. The FBI overlooks this threat. With 5 of the 19 hijackers in place, 2 of the flight 11 hijackers check-in at the Park Inn in Boston, they will remain there until Tuesday. The hijackers who will hijack flight 93, fly together from Florida to Newark where they will spend there remaining nights at the Marriott hotel in the airport. 3 days before 9/11 most of the hijackers empty their bank accounts and give it all to Mohammed Atta, this was never explained. Mohammed Atta finally meets up with the rest of his hijackers who are in his plane. On September 9, 2001, al Qaeda assassinates Ahmad Shah Massoud, the FBI, intercepts a message saying: Bin laden is appeasing the Taliban. Now the big one is coming. On September 10, 2001, likely to ease the stress, Mohammed Atta drives to Portland, Main, where they will catch connecting flights in Boston. That night the FBI intercept a message saying, the match begins tomorrow, and Tomorrow is zero day. They will not be translated until September 12.

3. Conclusion

Now the next day we all know what happens, the hijackers successfully complete their mission. But what they thought would hurt the US or destroy the US, did not it empowered us, it awoke the sleeping giant. Since 9/11 security has tightened, and we have successfully killed Osama bin Laden. So, I leave you with this, 9/11 is one of the darkest days in the US, but did we give up? Did we stop fighting? No, it made us remember, that’s why you think of where you were on 9/11. Because you remember the things that mean the most. 9/11 empowered the US to destroy evil. We will never forget.