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A-V Synchrony and Its Importance
A-V Synchrony stands for arterial-ventricular process, a combined electrical activity of atrial and ventricular which occurs simultaneously in the heart (The Free Dictionary, 2008). Arterial electrophysiology is very important for the old adult as it helps to maintain the blood circulatory function properly. Atrial fibrillation is known as the specific kind of heartbeat (arrhythmia), processed by tremendously fast irregular rhythmical movements of the arterial-ventricular muscular system. Healthy heartbeats occur 60-90 times a minute and the rate of beating is determined by electrical impulses, caused by the sinoatrial node in the specific period (Health Encyclopedia – Diseases and Conditions, 2008).
When this orderly sequence of events is interrupted, consequently the heart begins to fibrillate or beats irregularly or so fast, having a contracting rate of atria almost 500 times a minute and ventricles almost 180 times per minute. Elderly people with atrial fibrillation are five times more vulnerable to have a heart attack due to the inefficiency of the heart. The asymmetrical beating of atria and ventricles causes the pooling, thickening, and stagnation of blood and ultimately death happens in people as thickening or coagulation causes blood clots that pass through the heart to the brain, bringing about embolic stroke (Health Encyclopedia – Diseases and Conditions, 2008).
That’s why A-V Synchrony is very important in old adults, helping them to maintain the rhythmical movements of atrial and ventricle muscles if there is failure or interruption occurs, the dangerous diseases like heart attack, embolic strokes, or high blood pressure are developed most commonly and the old adults are at high risks.
Likely Occurences Over the Time
Older persons may resist cardiopulmonary impairments i.e. coronary diseases, chronic lung diseases, high blood pressure, cardio-myopathy if they develop their habit of regular exercise. Aerobic exercise is effective to improve the strength and physical functions of older persons when they have to face a heavy workload (Alberto et al, 2006). The increased blood volume causes the swelling of the heart as all chambers of the heart are enlarged when pumping occurs against less compliant arteries.
The pulmonary arterioles are not affected by local hypoxia but blood capillary hypoxia may cause of ultimate contraction of pulmonary arterioles, increasing the blood pressure in pulmonary arteries and right ventricle. The blood volume is increased due to pulmonary arteries and blood capillaries, causing pulmonary hypertension, lung pathology, and high blood viscosity.
There is a need for regular exercise for the patients and they should be educated by the physical practitioners on how to take exercise in suitable modes. The old adults may improve their cardiovascular strength by proper exercising, recommended by expert physicians.
Exercise also increases compliance of the arteries (Tanaka et al 2000) and decreases the process of stiffness and hardness of artery walls in old age. It can also restore the compliance of stiffened arteries in people with a sedentary lifestyle. Increased stiffness and reduced compliance is the chief contributing factor in the development of heart disease in old age.
Reduction in arterial compliance with old age is the main cause of sudden death (Tanaka et al 2000). When arteries are stiffened and hardened they can hardly bear the aortic pressure of stroke volume. Their impedance to accommodate a large volume of blood after ventricular discharge affects the working of the left ventricle. If this persists then the left ventricle can enlarge and is the main cause of tachyarrhythmias.
References
Alberto F. Vallejo, Edward T. Schroeder, Ling Zheng, Nicole E. Jensky and Fred R. Sattler, Cardiopulmonary responses to eccentric and concentric resistance exercise in older adults, 2006.
Health Encyclopedia – Diseases and Conditions, Thursday, 2008. Web.
Hirofumi Tanaka, PhD; Frank A. Dinenno, MS; Kevin D. Monahan, MS; Christopher M. Clevenger, MS; Christopher A. DeSouza, PhD; Douglas R. Seals, PhD. (2000). Aging, Habitual Exercise, and Dynamic Arterial Compliance. Circulation. 1270.
John Triedman MD, Department of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02155, USA; Arrhythmias in adults with congenital heart disease, Heart. 2002; 87(4): 383–389. PMCID: PMC1767082. Web.
The Free Dictionary by Farlex. Web.
University of Southern California, Biokinesiolgy, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Web.
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