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Post at least two substantive responses to peers in a different group who analy
Post at least two substantive responses to peers in a different group who analyzed at least one different article in their initial post. Include information from the Learning Resources in your responses as appropriate. You may expand on each peer’s posting with additional insight and resources about study designs, ask a question to further the discussion, or offer polite disagreement or critique supported with evidence. You may also make a suggestion or comment that guides or facilitates the discussion. At least one of your response posts should address the applicability of observational studies for improving population health status.
Colleague post
Description Group B
Observational Study
Observational study is observing and simultaneously gathering data when an event occurs by being present (Dekker et al., 2019). The assigned research by Kebede and Kekulawala (2021) provided insight into analyzing Ethiopians’ perinatal mortality rates. The control study was conducted and completed in Ethiopia between October 2016 and May 2017 at Tikur Anbbessa Hospital and Gandhi Memorial Hospital. The study focused on women with antepartum, intrapartum, and early neonatal death willing to participate in the case study. The neonates who died outside of these hospitals were excluded, although they were born at the hospital.
The second article assigned was by (Najafpour et al., 2019). The study investigated the link between risk factors among patients who fall compared with the control group. Researchers used a prospective case-control to investigate patients admitted with a fall history. The hospital units used for investigation included a general ward, gynecology, neurosurgery, orthopedics, cardiac surgery, and emergency rooms. In the study, 185 patients were used as the case group, and 1141 patients were used as the control group, making it a total of 1326 patients.
Strengths
The method utilized by (Najafpour et al., 2019) is appropriate for the study as it supports an expensive and time-consuming longitudinal study. The researchers found that the patient’s activities before and during contributed to the falls, such as walking and going to use the restroom.
On the other hand, research recorded some strengths in the (Kebede & Kekulawala, 2021) study. They were able to source a suitable group that was equal and provided credible expected exposure, especially with the women with risk factors. However, the researchers recommended improving patient education during prenatal, antenatal, and obstetric services.
Limitations
The limitation here is that conducting the study in the hospital limited the generalization and choosing the sample population size from specialized wards. Secondly, the patients are aged and have trouble remembering or recalling falls (Najafpour et al., 2019). The patient’s age, gender, and race were not disclosed, which may affect the results. On the other hand, neonates who were discharged from the hospital but passed away at home were found to be limited because there were no follow-ups.
Population, Data Sources, and Epidemiology Measures
According to Kebede and Kekulawala (2021), The first study showed that all the women who participated and experienced a stillbirth or neonatal death at Gandhi Memorial Hospital or Tikur Anbessa Hospital were included in a case study. The two random controls were women who gave birth to live children who were willing to participate and women who experienced a stillbirth or early neonatal death. A data capture sheet was used to gather information, with three sections serving as data sources. Section one of the capture sheet recorded demographic data, previous obstetric history, treatment received during antenatal, and problems encountered during pregnancy. Section two recorded stillbirths and other neonatal cases, and the third section recorded laboratory investigations and autopsies. The midwives were used as the epidemiologic measures and received training on gathering data for the study (Kebede & Kekulawala, 2021).
The second article provided patients with a history of falls. The report showed that patients had fallen in different wards (Najafpour et al., 2019). The report exclusively focused on the first fall for analysis to reduce bias. Nurses evaluated all the patients admitted to the ward using the Morse Fall Scale within 24 hours of patient admission to compare the two groups. More than 45 patients were found to be at high risk and qualified for inclusion (Najafpour et al., 2019).
Justification and Conclusion
The case-control are observational studies, and they were backed up with evidence. No intervention was made, and no attempt was made for the disease course. The research calculated odds and findings focused on influential and changeable risk factors such as individuals with longer lengths of stay and fall history. (Kebede & Kekulawala, 2021) They concluded that efforts to enhance emergency obstetric care to improve pregnancy outcomes are essential.
References
Dekkers, O.M., Vandenbroucke, J. P., Cevallos, M., Renehan, A. G., Altman, D. G., & Egger. M., (2019). COSMOS-E: Guidance on conducting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational etiology studies. PLoS Medicine, 16(2), e1002742. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002742
Kebede, E., & Kekulawala, M. (2021). Risk factors for stillbirth and early neonatal death: a case-control study in tertiary hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth, 21(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-04025-8
Najafpour, Z., Godarzi, Z., Arab, M., & Yaseri, M. (2019). Risk factors for falls in hospital in-patients: A prospective nested case-control study links to an external site. International Journal of Health Policy and Management,(5), 300–306. https://doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2019.11Links to an external site.
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