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Purpose of Study
Oppressions to migrants, in Malaysia, are significant threats to humans who demand solutions. The purpose of this study is to investigate how non-governmental organizations and churches can intervene to enhance the necessary leadership of the migrants.
Quantitative Hypothetical Design
Research Question
The research question will evaluate the relevance of churches and non-governmental organizations while seeking the right leadership to the migrants living in Malaysia.
- What extent is the church and non-governmental organization relevant to offering the right leadership for the welfare of migrants living in Malaysia?
This question provides a quantitative approach because it seeks to measure the extent of relevance that the non-governmental organizations pose to the research problem (Callen, 2010).
Research Hypothesis
Considering a confidence level of 95%, the correlation between the churches intervention and availability of the necessary leadership to the migrants is greater than or equal to 0.5 (Meyer, 2010). Therefore, the correlation between the two variables has significant meaning that their intervention will transform the perspective of the government toward the migrants in accordance to the human rights (Callen, 2010).
Null Hypothesis
While basing the results on a 95% confidence level, the correlation between the intervention of churches and changes is less than 0.5 in the treatment of migrants. Consequently, the hypothesis suggests that there is no significant effect due to the intervention of the non-governmental organizations (Chai & Xiao, 2011).
Criteria of Rejecting the Null Hypothesis
- The alpha will be considered at the point 0.05.
- It will be rejected at any point where the p value representing the probability is less than 0.05 (Cuesta-Albertos & Febrero-Bande, 2010).
- The alpha is considered at 0.05 based on the consistency of standard and conventional standards set universally (Travers, 2010).
Scale
The research will be found on a ratio scale incorporating the following categories that reflect the perception of the respondents toward the effect of the church (Ball, McLoughlin & Darvill, 2011).
- 100% effective
- 80% effective
- 60% effective
- 40% effective
- 20% effective
- 0% effective
Population and Sample
The target population will comprise of three subsets that include migrants, church leaders and leaders of non-governmental organizations. The sample will involve nine hundred respondents where each of the subsets amounts to three hundred respondents.
Procedures
A survey comprising of ten questions and targeting the factors of human rights will be emailed to the respondents. The data will be obtained by tallying the response automatically to determine the number of people at various levels of the scale (Hallquist & Pilkonis, 2010).
Data Analysis
The descriptive statistics will involve calculation of the variance, mean and mode of results. The inferential statistics will be conducted through ANOVA and information will be presented on a pie chart.
Qualitative Hypothetical Design
Qualitative methodology approaches a study from a qualitative perspective rather than quantifying its variables in terms of real numbers.
Research Question
Unlike quantitative research that seeks to investigate intensity of the effects, qualitative research question will inquire whether the intervention of non-governmental organizations brings the necessary leadership to the migrants.
- Does the intervention of non-governmental organizations bring the right leadership to the authorities that handle the migrants?
Research Hypothesis
The intervention of churches and non-governmental organizations will bring the necessary leadership to the migrants life.
Null Hypothesis
The null hypothesis could suggest that the intervention of churches and non-governmental organizations will not bring helpful leadership to the migrants life.
Criteria for Rejecting Hypothesis
In this case, the research hypothesis will be rejected if less than fifty percent of the respondents suggest that the intervention of the churches will not bring the necessary ideologies of leadership to the migrants lives (Klapwijk, 2011).
Scale, Population and Sample
The scale will range from one to six because the opinions will move from strongly agree to strongly disagree . The population will include migrants, churches leaders, native citizens, leaders of non-governmental organization and government leaders.
Procedures and Data Analysis
The survey will be administered through email messages sent to the respondents. The data will be collected and analyzed qualitatively to base descriptive statistics on the frequency of individual opinions.
Mixed Hypothetical Design
Research Question
The research questions will integrate the two factors envisaged in both qualitative and quantitative analysis (Xiong, Du & Wang, 2011).
- Does the intervention of churches and non-governmental organizations bring the necessary leadership to migrants?
- What is the intensity of the effect created by the intervention of the churches and non-governmental organization to the migration autonomy?
Research Hypothesis
The intervention of non-governmental organizations has an effect to the migrants autonomy. This effect has a significant influence where the correlation between leadership and intervention of churches is correlated significantly.
Null Hypothesis
The intervention of non-governmental organizations has little effect to the migrants autonomy and the effect has an insignificant effect. This is because the correlation between leadership and intervention of churches is less than one.
Criteria for Rejection
The research hypothesis will be rejected incase the qualitative methodology shows fifty percent of the respondents suggesting that the intervention will have no effect. Also, it might be rejected incase half of the respondents possess the sentiment. This is because the quantitative methodology must show that p is greater than 0.05 (Gentle, 2009).
Data Analysis
This methodology will incorporate the analysis of descriptive statistics including mean, mode, and variance alongside the application of qualitative frequencies (Turgo, 2010).
Conclusion
The three hypothetical designs, which have been discussed above, are suitable for applying in the process of conducting this study. However, mixed methodology is preferred to both quantitative and qualitative methodologies since it is expansive. Despite this preference, the methodology is more costly and time-consuming than the others. Consequently, it is applied to cases where it is extremely necessary.
References
Ball, E., McLoughlin, M., & Darvill, A. (2011). Plethora or Paucity: A Systematic Search And Bibliometric Study Of The Application And Design Of Qualitative Methods In Nursing Research. Nurse Education Today, 31(3), 299-303.
Callen, S. (2010). Data on federal research and development investments a pathway to modernization. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
Chabert, P., & Braithwaite, N. (2011). Physics of radio-frequency plasmas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Chai, K., & Xiao, X. (2011). Understanding Design Research: A Bibliometric Analysis of Design Studies. Design Studies, 7, 272-275.
Cuesta-Albertos, J. A., & Febrero-Bande, M. (2010). A Simple Multiway ANOVA For Functional Data. Test, 19(3), 537-557.
Gentle, J. E. (2009). Computational statistics. Dordrecht: Springer.
Hallquist, M. N., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2010). Quantitative Methods In Psychiatric Classification: The Path Forward Is Clear But Complex: Commentary On Krueger And Eaton. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 1(2), 131-134.
Klapwijk, N. (2011). Analysis in Qualitative Research. Sage Publications Ltd. Per Linguam, 26(2), 213-216.
Meyer, I. H. (2010). The Right Comparisons in Testing The Minority Stress Hypothesis. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39(6), 1217-1219.
Turgo, N. N. (2010). Book Review: DAVID SILVERMAN, Doing Qualitative Research. London: Sage. Qualitative Research, 10(3), 386-387.
Travers, M. (2010). Book Review: NICK LLEWELLYN And JON HINDMARSH, Organisation, Interaction And Practice: Studies In Ethnomethodology And Conversation Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Qualitative Research, 10(4), 499-502.
Xiong, R., Du, X. F., & Wang, W. F. (2011). The Integrated Design of an Interactive Service Robot for Shanghai World Expo. Advanced Materials Research, 308-310, 2084-2094.
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