The Positive and Negative Consequences of Coronavirus (COVID-19)

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Abstract

COVID-19 is an ailment triggered by a new coronavirus; this illness is known as 2019-nCoV and linked to the same family of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. This disease has started in China on 31 December 2019 and then permeated globally. This paper is going to look at four aspects resulting from COVID-19 pandemic. The first one is the economic losses in several sectors worldwide, such as tourism and oil. For instance, Spain and Italy are losing billions of dollars due to this epidemic. The second aspect is COVID-19 Vaccine, for example Pfizer’s and Moderna’s. The third one is pandemic control universally. For example, while Sweden is following the herd immunity, New Zeeland is following the curfew process. The last sector is the positive effects that we have got from this pandemic, such as how to deal with viruses.

Introduction

COVID-19 is an infectious disease that has recently been appeared. Coronavirus has microorganism which affects some systems in the body especially respiratory system. In addition, this disease has an impact on all genders even babies. Some people can heal from it without going to the hospital. On the other hand, others experience severe level of it, which may lead them to death. There are many aspects resulting from COVID-19, some of which are the economic losses, infection among health workers, vaccines, pandemic control, and lessons that humans learnt from this epidemic.

The Economic Losses of COVID-19

COVID-19 has not only resulted in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of lives worldwide but has had also detrimental effects on the global economy. Many countries, such as the Philippines, Thailand, Spain, and Italy, depend on tourism for a large portion of their GDP. Since travelling to and within virtually all countries has been banned, they are losing billions of dollars. Because of this pandemic, travelers have said they are less likely to travel again to China, which means a massive loss for the Chinese government since they annually get CN¥ 5,128 bn from tourism [1]. Another economic casualty from COVID-19 is international airlines, such as Lufthansa, Emirates and Delta because global travelling has been suspended. According to de Juniac (director chief of IATA) in 2020, “Airlines globally will lose over $84 billion.” [2] Thirdly, as people have been confined to their homes and not allowed to work, numerous factories are closed while others have reduced their production. For instance, Foster Farms, a poultry plant located in California, U.S, has been closed since January 2020 after 392 positive tested cases and eight deaths. Likewise, Lamb Weston, a potato plant in Oregon, U.S, has reduced its production after 100 employees tested positive with COVID-19 [3]. The final detrimental effect of the pandemic was on the oil industry and markets. The oil trade is a critical source of revenue for many countries, for example, Iraq, Venezuela, Saudi Arabia and Russia. For the first time since the recession in 2009, universal oil demand has contracted. Oil experts expect losses considered $ 9.3 millions globally per day in 2020. As the oil market has collapsed, the Iraqi government cannot afford to pay millions of workers. Furthermore, other nations, such as Nigeria, have applied for loans from International Monetary Fund to manage the crises [4]. All these economic losses have led to the boom of one common outcome, namely unemployment.

Infections Among Health Workers

The Coronavirus malady represents an occupational health hazard for medical care workers all around the world. A few thousand medical workers have already been infected, most of whom are from China. The SEIPS model is a decent system to outline the environment of measures taken to forestall the intra-medical infirmary transmission of COVID-19 out of an intense tertiary hospital in Singapore. Work undertakings, advancements and devices, environmental factors, and organizational conditions, serve to empower the medical care laborer to execute their job securely and viably. Work assignments should be coordinated by isolating medical care groups that take care of suspected and confirmed cases of COVID-19 from groups overseeing different patients. This limits the danger of cross-infection of patients and physicians. Twice, every day, it is obligatory for all medical care or health workers to have their temperatures taken in order to identify those individuals who are unwell and prevent intra-hospital clinic proliferation of infection. These procedures, although arduous and sometimes troublesome, are a necessary part as part of reducing and mitigating risks and to support a medical clinic’s workflow in the event of cross-infection among health care workers. The SEIPS model provides a well-structured framework for the medical services framework to primarily assess weapons of measures to reduce the risk of spread within the hospital and to protect the health of frontline workers against COVID-19 infection. It is still too early to measure the achievement or success of the ideal outcome for the absence of an occupational infection associated with COVID-19 among hospital healthcare workers. The guidelines for eliminating occupational infections remains an achievable goal that all health care systems need to strive to achieve, as the world proceeds with its battle against the most recent irresistible virus that has just caused deaths and upset ordinary life at the turn of the decade [5].

COVID-19 Vaccines

The outbreak of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) started on the 30th of January 2020. Ever since, every country has been trying to find a cure to stop its spreading, and because it is a type of coronavirus, the best way is to develop a vaccine [6]. Currently, there are two widely known pharmaceutical companies, Pfizer and Moderna, that are racing to produce one.[7][8]. Pfizer’s vaccine might be more than 90% effective without prior infection. Moreover, this vaccine application process is divided into two scheduled doses, each of which takes 14 days, and protection was only achieved after 28 days. This vaccine was welcomed by many experts, but they emphasized waiting for the full results of the trials and many yet unpublished details, such as the participants’ demographics and how extreme the cases were in the trials. In addition, there is one big downside to this vaccine which is that it must be stored below -70 C degrees, and this means that it would be difficult to ship it globally. On the other hand, Moderna vaccine uses the mRNA-1273, and it has had a 94.5% success rate. Also, if it meets the requirements of safety and success, it could be delivered to Europe and the UK in 2021. Although they have not published their full results yet, however, unlike Pfizer’s vaccine, Moderna has published more information about their vaccine and the participants of their trial such as gender, age, and ethnicity. Regarding storing and temperature, it can be kept in a conventional freezer for up to 180 days. Although therapeutic approaches for COVID-19 are essential, the ultimate goal is still establishing sterilizing immunity in uninfected people using a long-term vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. The quick and cooperative efforts of researchers from all around the world to create a countermeasure to COVID-19 soon are promising, and hopefully, they will achieve it.

Pandemic Control

However, some countries that had apparent success in containing the outbreak are experiencing an increase in infections again. Governments in some regions around the world have been challenging times and restrictions. For example, Spain recorded the highest number of cases amongst the European countries with about one million cases. Because many nations believed that they had brought their infections under control during the summer, the latest outbreak in cases is troubling and shocking even though experts had expected the second surge. Lockdowns and some other precautionary restrictions have been returned to the most affected areas. Also, there have been additional commands for citizens, such as wearing face masks as well as maintaining social distancing rules. Yet other countries, like India and Argentina, declared rigid precautions and commands early on but were not able to contain the spread. On the other hand, some countries saw the pandemic coming and confronted it with no preparations. The moment New Zealand recorded only eight cases of the coronavirus in mid-March, the government banned gatherings of hundred individuals or more. After a while, it closed its borders. The island’s authorities had one of the strictest and fastest responses to the outbreak, so it managed to push the number to zero in roughly 80 days. Furthermore, Sweden is another example of a triumphant country in terms of containing the virus. It gambled on a less strict method, leading the disease go quite free. Health officials worked on least testing; however, they segregated the elderly and susceptible and requested the society to practice social distancing. Sweden was capable of betting on the technique because its people trust their authorities and follow the instructions given. So, because this has had a devastating effect on people’s lives and the world’s entire economy, governments worldwide were convinced to restrict the public movement and shut businesses in order to decrease the infections [9] [10].

Positive Effects of COVID-19

Coronavirus or COVID-19 is a huge pandemic affecting the entire world. It is not only the health of people that has been impacted but also the global economy as well. Here, the lessons we have learned from COVID-19 will be discussed. First, according to the latest research, the entire world has fewer infectious diseases due to the wearing of the mask and the usage of sanitizer. This decreases infectious diseases, such as bacterial or viral infections in general because of the fact that most people have more knowledge and experience about infections and viruses. In addition, even about the flu viruses, which regular infect us almost every year, people have started to take vaccines more than the past due to knowledge. People knew that prevention is key necessary. Secondly, people have become more aware about how to deal with any infection. For instance, if one person in the family gets infected whether from coronavirus or flu viruses, the person will isolate himself from his family and friends to prevent the spreading of the disease. Moreover, even medical staff have gained more knowledge due to a lot of COVID-19 cases; as we know, COVID-19 is a virus affecting the respiratory system which can lead to death due to respiratory complications. However, the medical field now has more experience to deal with this kind of cases. Finally, COVID-19 has had a positive impact on the medical research. Currently, everyone wants to make the most effective vaccine to prevent this infection from spreading; therefore, many companies have given more attention and more efficiency to reach the perfect vaccine. Moreover, if in the future the world faces another infection, science will be ready with more efficiency [11][12][13].

Conclusion

Although we know that the best solution for this pandemic is to create a vaccine, we have not made one till this day. Hence, people must continue following the rules and strategies revealed by the WHO and their governments.

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