Vaccine and Autism Essay

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The Effect of MMR Vaccine Causing Autism

Claim:

Vaccines are safe

Research Question:

What percentage of autism in children under the age of 10 is caused by MMR (Measles, Measles, and Rubella) vaccines?

Rationale:

The MMR (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella) vaccine is a method created to prevent a person from receiving Measles, Mumps, and Rubella. The vaccine involves a weekend level of a mixture of three viruses, developed by Maurice Hillman. This vaccine in particular was introduced and licenced around the years 1963, 1967, and 1969 respectively. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) affects the nervous system depending due to the range and severity of this disorder can vary (1). As discussed by ‘Learning Connections “(ASD) is a cognitive condition that affects behavior, learning, and socialization. ASD is sometimes referred to as Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD), as the disorder involves a delay or immaturity in neurological development. The most common disorders within the Autism Spectrum are Asperger Syndrome and Autism.” One of the main factors causing autism is the genes the person is born with, given by the parents of the child. Statistics found by the ‘Australian Institution of Health and Welfare’ (AIHW) found that an estimated 164,000 people in Australia had autism, representing 1 in 150 people who had been diagnosed with autism (2).

Background: Surveys conducted by ‘Healthline’ show that a new survey in 2014 has presented that there is a 16% increase in the total prevalence of ASD when compared to previous surveys which had taken place in 2012. During this time, the autism prevalence rate was 1 in 68. Comparing this to the autism prevalence rate from 2000, when it had just been 1 in 150, rendering to CDC. A person can contract measles by when a person who has been infected by this disease coughs, sneezes, or even breathes. Measles is a very contagious disease which can be can be caught just by being in a room with someone who has contracted this disease. Measles affects its host by causing them to have a fever, runny nose, sore or red eyes, dry cough, and/or a red and botchy skin rash that covers the head which can then spread through to the body. The infection of the virus mumps can be transmitted similarly by measles which is through respiratory secretions such as saliva but is not as contagious. When the virus has been contracted, it travels through the respiratory tract and then to the salivary glands which is then reproduced, causing the glands to swell. The contraction of rubella is almost identical to the contraction of measles. The effects of rubella are lingering joint pain which can take up to a month or longer to be relieved of, arthralgia, and inflammation of the middle of the ear. All of these viruses can be contracted due to not being vaccinated by the MMR vaccine

Evidence:

As shown by the graph above (figure 1) it is a comparison of the MMR Vaccine uptake in the Kurashiki city involving ASD rates in the district of Yokohama. Because of the close correspondence, this indicates the unlikely hood for this to be coincidental. The 1993 blue bar births cohort vaccine uptake is shown to be unadjusted. This bar represents a vaccine uptake of 114%when compared to the birth rate as well as requires adjustment down. This uptake indicates that 1995/6 catch-up vaccinations for those who were born in 1993/4.

The graph above shows contrasted MMR-inoculated and MMR-unvaccinated kids in subgroups portrayed by sex, birth partner, other youth antibodies got, chemical imbalance hazard score, or mental imbalance history in kin (Figure 3). Receipt of MMR inoculation diminished the hazard for mental imbalance in young ladies (aHR, 0.79 [CI, 0.64 to 0.97]) and in the 1999–2001 birth associate (aHR, 0.84 [CI, 0.73 to 0.96]). The MMR inoculation didn’t expand the hazard for mental imbalance in youths portrayed by other early youth immunizations, high hazard for a chemical imbalance, or having medically introverted kin (Figure 3). When the kin history of mental imbalance was treated as a period differing covariate, MMR inoculation was additionally not related to a chemical imbalance among kids with medically introverted kin (aHR, 1.15 [CI, 0.71 to 1.87]). Aggregate frequencies of chemical imbalance as per age and MMR immunization status, stratified by sex and kin history, are exhibited in Figure 2 of the Supplement. Total occurrences of chemical imbalance as per age-stratified on mental imbalance hazard score gatherings are displayed in Figure 3 of the Supplement.

The crude effect sizes of sex, birth cohort, other early childhood vaccinations, sibling history of autism, and autism risk score are presented in Tables 2 and 3 of the Supplement. The highest risk for autism was conferred by being a boy (HR, 4.02 [CI, 3.78 to 4.28]), being born in a late birth cohort (2008-2010; HR, 1.34 [CI, 1.18 to 1.52]), having no early childhood vaccinations (HR, 1.17 [CI, 0.98 to 1.38]), and having siblings with autism at study entry (HR, 7.32 [CI, 5.29 to 10.12]). The autism risk score had a modest effect on autism risk compared with sex and sibling history of autism (highest-risk group versus moderate-risk group; HR, 1.38 [CI, 1.28 to 1.48]). The unrefined impact sizes of sex, birth partner, other early youth inoculations, kin history of chemical imbalance, and mental imbalance hazard score are introduced in Tables 2 and 3 of the Supplement. The most noteworthy hazard for mental imbalance was given by being a kid (HR, 4.02 [CI, 3.78 to 4.28]), being conceived in a late birth associate (2008-2010; HR, 1.34 [CI, 1.18 to 1.52]), having no early youth inoculations (HR, 1.17 [CI, 0.98 to 1.38]), and having kin with chemical imbalance at study passage (HR, 7.32 [CI, 5.29 to 10.12]). The chemical imbalance hazard score modestly affected mental imbalance hazard contrasted and sex and kin history of a chemical imbalance (most noteworthy hazard bunch versus moderate-chance gathering; HR, 1.38 [CI, 1.28 to 1.48]).

Bibliography APA Referencing

https://www.autismawareness.com.au/could-it-be-autism/causes-of-autism/
https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/disability/autism-in-australia/contents/autism
https://childhealthsafety.wordpress.com/2009/06/03/japvaxautism/#000_Top_of_Page
https://www.healthline.com/health-news/the-big-reason-autism-rates-increased-again#Closing-the-gap
https://annals.org/aim/fullarticle/2727726/measles-mumps-rubella-vaccination-autism-nationwide-cohort-study