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Wellness tends to be much more than non-attendant illness or lack of illness it is about health-promoting behavior to be able to progress to your full potential. Health can refer to nonattendant illness and wellness does not refer to just physical health but spiritual emotional and social issues. Social determinants of well-being tend to be the social, cultural, economic, and commercial factors of an individual’s life. The social determinant of health shapes the conditions of how people are born, grow, live work, and age. Teenage pregnancy is a high public health issue and is known to be very common but could also be highly preventable in the sense of contraception. The main pointers that have been researched to cause social determinants of teen birth include poor education, low income, and unemployment. A poor understanding of poverty, inequality, and inadequate ability to make decisions and put life plans in place and to make and control decisions, puts teenage pregnancy at a greater risk. As mentioned above the way someone is born, grows, lives, and ages could have an impact on someone’s lifestyle choices for example there may not be much home support at home which could cause disruption in education, which may cause this young adult to choose poor social surrounding, influencing there chooses or looking elsewhere for support or comfort this included finding comfort in the opposite sex or being vulnerable to a perpetrator. Having underage sex comes with many risks apart from teenage pregnancy it could also lead to sexually transmitted infection (STI). Once in a poor social network, this could have negative mental health effects which can also affect the daily environment, and future working life due to poor education, also not knowing what health care services or sexual health care services are available are all contributions to teenage pregnancy. If a young individual were to leave education due to pregnancy this could have an impact on future working life, as they may not have managed to get any qualification which then puts them at a disadvantage in securing some job prospects. Also, if able to secure employment there is also the stress of having to pay and find childcare this could be much harder for a teenage mum due may not having great family stability not having a planned pregnancy, and not managing to save money in preparation for having a child. This could then result in low income, unemployment, and money problems. Having an unstable income could lead to poor housing resulting in falling into the benefit system and housing and once relying upon this can be hard to see a way out mentally, emotionally, and financially. (local and national, global scale).
Health education could be said to be prompting and educating people about their health, it may seem to be a process empowering individuals to develop control over and improve their sexual health. it is also known to move beyond the focus on the individual’s behavior in a wide range of social and environmental interventions. According to an article based on “Nurses’ Role in Public Health and Integration of Health and Social Care” submitted on 27th March 2017, there was a Royal College of Nursing survey findings of the values and contributions of a nurse’s role in health and social care is the professional of ill health. this seems to be the most important across all the UK government health policies, as they are based on boosting health and supporting those in need, not to just live longer but also to remain healthy as the population is continuously growing but also living longer in poorer health. integration of care means lining up health and social services to ensure that they are person-centered and structured to meet the needs of individuals, this would be across the care route which is organized to have a particular amount of time between where people are living and working. Nurses and midwives are in a petition to meet the unpredicted challenges of continuing population demands and financial pressure within the health and social care services. To improve public health and a better combination of services are fundamental. Sexuality, relationships, and sex are vital to health and well-being, also becoming an adult is commonly known as a time of learning and exploring sexual identity. It is continually acknowledged that sexual health education is positive and not only to increase the impact of interventions for STIs,s and preventing pregnancy but also to be known for creating knowledge for young people’s information and resources. This will allow them to experience a safe but pleasant experience. It is known that individuals under the age of 25 years old tend to report a greater amount of sexual partners than any other age group (REF). there have been a number of resources put in place to prevent teenage pregnancy and promote safety such as reproductive and sexual health contraceptive methods such as hormonal contraception and methods such as implants and injections, managing STIs and HIV care. as well as supporting those who already require sexual health or reproduction care there Is also organization who promote the prevention of this already happening such as locally in Blackpool there is posters advertised in the town center there are also local health centers that promoting safe sex also at a safe age. There are also sexual health classes to educate and promote safe sex and hormonal knowledge
The National Health Services (NHS) was born through a long-held idea that better health care should be available for everybody regardless of income. Aneurin Bevan the minister of health officially launched the NHS on the 5th of July 1948 (REF) with three core principles that it was based was that it meets the needs of every individual, it can be free at the point of delivering care, and that is based on clinical need the not ability to pay. Before that patients had to face an unequal system of voluntary and privileged hospitals, voluntary hospitals were there to treat the poor unlike in England most did not charge patients for treatment. since the creation of the NHS, which can be known to be funded from general tax and national insurance contributions there is now equal treatment for the poor. Teenage pregnancy is a commonly known contemporary influence on health and within the NHS. Since the NHS has been providing services, teenage pregnancy was not acknowledged as an issue, when recognized by the NHS it was then able to give family planning advice regardless of marital status or social as well as medical grounds. Then in 1969 formal training came for doctors and nurses for contraception techniques. In 1970 the National Council agreed that family planning advisory clinics should be able to provide family planning advice regardless of marital status then in 1972 the NHS Amendment Act enabled them to provide free vasectomies. In 1977 the NHS Act imposed a duty on the sectary of state to ensure that a full range of contraception services are free of charge. In 1980 the guideline for young services was reviewed then in 1983 cuts in health services threatened family planning clinics and some services were reduced in areas although a maintenance of free contraceptive services remained available. Following that in 1984 there was a provision wear contraceptives for those under 16s were suspended but then again in 1986 this was revised. Further in 1990, the government policy was that people should be free to choose their source of contraceptive advice and that family planning services complement instead of duplicate those that the GPS provides. Between 1997 and 1999 there was a government action plan put in place to reduce teenage pregnancy in England which included clearer guidance for contraceptive provision plus new criteria for effective services for young people, this framework for reducing teenage pregnancy rates and improving contraceptive professions was seen to work positively for the UK and then was also added in wales then in 2001 a similar strategy was implemented in Ireland. The issue that seems to be in regard to the NHS reform is that the successful governments relied on pressure such as target inspection, and competition to drive with mixed results. The experience of high-performing health systems abroad and in the UK shows the value of supporting these organizations to care for themselves by continuity of leadership, engaging with staff, and focusing clearly on the commitment to putting patients first. Instead of in barking on new organizational changes, it should be prioritized how services need to change taking new modules of care outlined in the NHS 5-year forward view. This offers a clear vision of how these services require change and command widespread consent. This means agreeing to provide care outside hospitals as well as delivering integrated care to positively meet the needs of the aging population as well as the growing number of individuals with longer-term conditions. Integration of health and social care; interagency working refers to combined multiagency working. for example, in 1999, the UK labor government presented a ten-year teenage pregnancy strategy in England to confront the country’s historically higher rates and decrease social exclusion. The aim here was to half the under 18s impregnation rate, this strategy explores how it was designed and implemented and the features such as combined multi-agency working that may have added to the success. The strategy involved a detailed program across four themes, joining up action from a national and local level to better prevention through improving sex and relationship education to gain effective contraception. There was a communication campaign to try and reach to young people and their parents with a coordination of support for young parents which was a very important contribution to the strategy. It was implemented through national, regional, and local structures with promised funding for ten years, and the under-eighteen conception rates declined steadily over the lifespan of ten years. There were six key factors that were included in the success of this strategy, creating an opportunity for action, developing an evidence-based strategy, the implementation was affected there was regular reviewing of the process including implementing this strategy in wider government programmes also there wad leadership provided throughout the whole programme.
Epidemiology may be known to be the study of the action and the outcome of health-related states or events which include disease. The application of this study is to study the control of diseases and other health issues. Numerous methods can be used to undertake epidemiological investigations such as surveillance and descriptive studies may be used to study action analyses and logical studies are used to study determinants. Teenage pregnancy is a global issue that occurs in low-middle- and high-income countries. Around the world teenage pregnancies are known to be more likely to accrue in specific communities commonly driven by poverty, lack of employment/ opportunities, and poor education. The global issue of teenage pregnancy is repeatedly known as common it has become one of the public health’s key concerns for all. In order to decrease the rates of early childbearing teenagers their parents plus the community require more awareness of poor health social and economic consequences of such actions. Awareness may be created through social mobilization to spread knowledge and information and provide sex education and communication campaigns. Every moment of teenage pregnancy should really be dealt with sensibly and carefully to reduce the complications and societal burden of this also found teenage pregnancy may not just be a health issue but also a development issue it tends to be deeply rooted within poverty, inequality, gender violence child and forces marriage, power in balanced, poor education and also the failer of systems and institutions to protect their rights. Within this developing world of teenage pregnancy, more young girls die from childbirth and pregnancy complications than any other course and this is related to the United Nations Population Fund. These babies are more likely to be born too soon to petite they also pass away at higher rates than those who are born to more mature women. The UK tends to have the highest rate of teenage pregnancy within Western Europe so that seven times that of the Netherlands and it could be said to be double that of Germany and France. The UK is sad to have the highest teenage birth and abortion rates in Western Europe it may be known that the under-16 conception rates rose from 7.8 per 1000 girls aged between 13-15 in 2006 to 8.3 in 2007. A high population of people in the UK seem to overestimate the rate of under sixteens who get pregnant each year and a similar amount are unaware of the actual significant drop in this figure over the last ten years. It is found one in five young men and almost half of the young men between sixteen and twenty-four seem to have wished they had waited longer to start having sex. Most people believe that many girls get impregnated to be able to get a place of their own in the local council when it is said that most young mums have very little knowledge of housing policy before getting pregnant. A high population of the UK of eleven to fourteen-year-olds would like but currently seem to find it difficult to genially talk about sex and relationships with their parents. Blackpool may be known to have the highest teenage pregnancy rate in the UK although great improvement has been made. In 2005 1008 girls under the age of eighteen became pregnant in Blackpool 17 of these were aged under sixteen. The under-sixteen impregnation rates in Blackpool were known to be seven point seven per 1000 women higher than the northwest and England averaging 4.6 and 3.7 respectively. Since 2004 this rate has fallen by 39 percent from seventy-two per 100 to 48 per 1000 this compares to a fifty percent decrease across England. Support services that have been put in place in Blackpool are young people’s sexual health, reduction service has been commissioned this includes training for the professional on risk-taking behavior for front-line workers with young people aged under eighteen if have a learning disability then up until twenty-five there is also a privilege of a bus pass to enable young people to access harm reduction messages and chlamydia testing in numerous community setting which includes schools and colleges.
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