Culture Shock: Civil War in Bosnia

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Table of Contents

Abstract
Introduction
Main body
Conclusion
Reference

Abstract

There has been a persistent civil war in Bosnia for a long duration of time than expected to last that captured the world’s interest amongst the Serbs, Croats, and the Bosnians in the Balkans. This is war that the effort to use the military operations failed and it requires negotiations with the ethnic groups that are involved in the conflict. however, as far as the mediators are concerned there seems to be only one solution to the stalemate which is clearly being agitated for, the formation of the tripartite federal system of governance for the three republics of the former soviet union. but the issue remains to the circumstances that lead to causes of that civil war and the kind of the solution arrived at. this dissertation will trace the events that haver lead to the present unfolding of events.

Introduction

In business management, the aspect of culture shock is relevant especially when it needs to be employed in the sector of tourism and traveling business to the various clients that may wish to travel to foreign destinations (Martha, 2004, p. 119). in this regard the travelers need to be informed of the cultural diversity of the country they intend to visit. Culture shock in this perspective refers to the feelings of anxiety an individual experiences when travels to the foreign environment than his original homeland (Kevin, 2002, p. 21). the individual in the new environment is combated with confusion to the extend that is unable to know what is supposed to be done in this new set up of culture within the first few days or weeks or months. This can b described as the state of emotional, physical and psychological discomfort one undergoes when interacts with new culture as opposed to the old culture which comes about as a result in the change of patterns of life in the new set up such as language, foods, peoples habits and the community systems. therefore its important for the people traveling to be a ware of the place they intend to visit in order to familiarize them selfs with the new culture environment. to be able to do this its vital for the traveling persons to equipped with knowledge about the new culture history (Daniel, Mark, 1997, p. 215). for instance in this case of Bosnia and Herzegovina culture, the pattern is characterized by the past injustices between the main ethnicity groups of the country (Charles, 2003, p.54).

Main body

In this respect clear distinction must be drawn between the culture, ethnicity and race. To start with, the term race will refers to the sin color trait that is used to classify people, most commonly is the black and white race. Ethnicity is classification on the basis of the actual geo-biological background of the people in their respective environment for instance Bosnian, Croatian, Brazilians and Americans. thirdly is the culture which refers to the peoples patterns of life which are characterized by activities and the symbol structures that renders the activities valid and relevant to the society (Kevin, 2002, p. 24).

in the Bosnia set up there are three major ethnicities which have an inclination towards the origin. this major groups are the Serbs, the Bosnians and the Croatians. these three categories they both speak of a standard language in terms of the stokavian dialects. these language is not of measurable standard because the Serbians originates from Serbia and controls about 70% of the country, the Croats from Croatia and the Bosnians originates from Montenegro (Martha, 2004, p. 56). the groups usually form their social institution at their native places, this include the educational institutions in own affiliate mother tongue language which becomes barrier to national unit and cohesion. the ethino-nationalistic dimension overrides over the country’s face with added influence from the religion factor which that the Serbians are orthodox Christians, the Croats are catholics Christians and the Bosnians are ‘badged’ Muslims. these groups are usually backed from their affiliate countries namely Croatia, Montenegro and Serbia which have played a major role in the conflict arising between the major groups. but however it is clear that the three ethnic groups in Bosnia are explicitly to the sense that they are all clearly stipulated in the constitution statutes, therefore rightful members of Bosnia and no group can be referred to as immigrants (Charles, 2003, p.73).

Bosnians experienced discrimination and prejudice of its own kind which is said to come by as a result of negative manifestation of the integrative power which was more concentrated to pushing people apart than uniting them together. integrative power in many administrative circumstances its more destructive than constructive that is achieved through initiation of hatred fear and threat of a common enemy (Martha, 2004, p. 221). precisely the acts that lead to discrimination and prejudice are as a result of the affiliate groups in the community having the negative stereotypes a bout the other group or groups. therefore they use these negative stereotypes as the measuring devices in the community that categorizes to discriminated against the members of the other groups. the forms of discrimination and prejudice can be on the negative stereotypes of the race, gender, ethnicity, cultural background and religion in that respect (Daniel, Mark, 1997, p. 243). Bosnia have undergone in justices that opened doors to 200,000 lives to be lost in the brutality of its own kind of ethnic cleansing that expelled thousands of people from their homes because of either religious or ethnic prejudice. the triggers of the massacres and genocide that was experienced in Bosnia was as a result of the imbalance in the societal welfare directed towards the access to the opportunities in the country (Charles, 2003, p.32). discrimination was in the sectors of social institutions as schools, hospitals, public institutions and the social injustices including gender.

For instance roman women experiences many times more times subjection to discrimination than their male counterpart although they both undergo the discrimination. religion based discrimination as the Muslims and Christians clashes because the Muslims are oppressed by the Christian groups although the Bosnia Muslims are not strict religion followers as they can drink alcohol and even most eat pork (Daniel, Mark, 1997, p. 130). in the similar sense the romans faces a number of discrimination in society specially female ones. racial based prejudices for instance after the 2^nd world war president ante pavelic implanted a legislation aimed at creation of racially pure catholic state in Croatia by forcefully converting 1/3 of the Serbs to catholicism while deporting the same number and exterminating the remaining Serbs.

Due to the discriminations that creates the gap between the ethnicities in the society of Bosnia it fueled the destructive reactions that has seen the political unrest in the Bosnia. because its difficult to arrive at politically unified system since the Muslims have their own president, Christians controlled by Croatia president which include the Serbia and the Croatia nationalities (Martha, 2004, p. 78). until recent the is when the Muslim leaders demand the division of states to form the tripartite federation in which the majority within the division will control the public institutions. up to date segregation is still dominant especially gender based to women from the roman group, individual on the account of ethnicity, religious based to Muslims and Christians in order to access the public institution and resources. as a result of segregation and the endless war between the Bosnians and the Croats theres poor pace of development leading to high incidences of poverty within the people that are forced to escape to Australia as refugees to earn a better living ironically as refugees (Martha, 2004, p. 168).

Conclusion

In summary culture shock comes a bout when an individual experiences discomfort in the terms of the psychological, physical and emotional anxieties and feelings when travel to the new culture from an old one. the shock may result into various effects especially sadness from loneliness in the new culture, trying hard to absorb everything the country’s culture, lack of confidence and feeling insecure which may lead to depression to an individual. therefore its good to know the country’s culture back from its origin to the present patterns. Bosnia has suffered for long the social injustices in areas as education, health, economic access and the public institutions, arising from the social composition dimensions from the Serbs who are a bout 70% the Croats composed of 20% a and the rest Bosnians who are dominantly Muslims. it has cost the country development in key social and economic sectors that are evident in the continued segregation amongst citizen, unrealized ceasefire dream and increasing poverty levels that forces many to take refuge in Australia. once clear understanding of the Bosnia life patterns today its easy for one to visit the country and be able to mitigate the resulting resulting effects through being patient to adapt to the new culture, to be constructive to encounter the negative sides of the new culture, set simple goals and evaluate the progress as far as the interaction with the new culture is concerned.

Reference

Charles M. (2003), The Muslim Croats civil war in central Bosnia; Texas A and M university press, Washington DC.

Martha Cottam. (2004), Introduction to political psychology; Lawrence Erlbuam Associates, New Mexico.

Mark Weller,Daniel Bethlehem, (1997), The Yugoslav crisis on the international law; Cambridge university press, London.

Kevin Sinclair, (2002), Culture shock; Graphics Art center publishing company, Portland.

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Culture Shock: Civil War in Bosnia

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