Female Suicide Bombers: A Global Trend

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Table of Contents

Female terrorism and psychological factors
Female terrorism and sociological factors
Conclusion

Female terrorism and psychological factors

Male and female terrorists vary in socio-psychological backgrounds;
Galvin (1983) states that terrorism is a male-dominated activity and relates to struggling for power;
Feminine characters do not inhibit female adaptations to the more brutal terrorism roles and activities;
Since people do not expect any violent act from a woman, as they consider them non-violent, fragile and victim-like, female terrorists come as a surprise;
From the psychological perspective, male and female terrorists differ in their socio-psychological backgrounds such as motives, connections and objectives of the violence;
As Galvin demonstrated, terrorism is a male-dominated activity and is closely related to struggle for power. However, women destroy their female nature and resort to terrorism;
Female terrorist deal with every sort of terrorism activity and feminism does not hinder them from performing dangerous and risky tasks associated with terrorism;
As women are considered non-violent and fragile, female terrorism comes as a surprise to many as little harm is expected from female creatures;
Women are frequently used for sexual purposes although terrorist groups banns love affairs;
As the nature of terrorism is masculine, terrorism group destructs female self-esteem;
God-like positions held by male leaders attracts female terrorists and constructs their female terrorist identity;
As stated by O’ Rourke (2009, p. 681), same motives and circumstances drive both male and female attackers;
Gender wise, terrorist groups propose equal treatment to both men and women. Even though women are used as sex pets, terrorist groups ban love affairs;
Self-esteem among women within terrorist groups is relatively lowered since terrorism is regard as being masculine;
Males hold key positions in terrorist groups. Charismatic and God-like male leaders have attracted women to join terrorist groups in search for identity;
O’ Rourke carried a research that shows that the same motives drive both male and female attackers.

Female terrorism and sociological factors

Research by Martha Crenshaw (2004, pg. 410-412) shows that personality factors and gender differences do not account for the terrorist behavior;
Shared ideological commitment and group solidarity are more important determinants of terrorism responses than personal characteristics;
Ariel Merari (2007) claims that suicidal bombers are individual rather than a group phenomenon;
Root causes of terrorism include lack of democracy, lack of civil liberties and the rule of law, too rapid modernization, dictatorship, civil wars, history of violence, social injustices, etc.
Sociological factors contribute to the development of female terrorists. Research by Martha Crenshaw (2004, pg. 410-412) shows that personality factors and gender differences do not account for the terrorist behavior;
In the social world, terrorism has been demonstrated as a group activity rather than individualistic;
However, Ariel Merari describes rare cases such as suicidal bombers where the terrorist behavior is an individualistic act rather than a group phenomenon;
In any nation, terrorism results from one or a combination of factors such as lack of democracy, lack of civil liberties and the rule of law, too rapid modernization, dictatorship, civil wars, among others.
Revenge, redemption, respect, and relationships motivate female terrorists;
Religious and cultural differences modify methods used by terrorist groups. For instance, the Germany and Shining Path in Peru were radical socialists with no religious connection;
Female terrorists can be used as collaborators, informers, human shield, recruiters, sexual baits and perpetrators of acts of destruction and death;
Cultural and traditional habits can lead to female terrorism;
Revenge due to loss of loved once, inability to conceive, inability to get a mate, and the alleged or real sexual misconduct together with relationship issues leads to sparks female violence;
Religion and cultural beliefs can also lead to increased number of female terrorists. For instance, the Germany and Shining Path in Peru were radical socialists with no religious connection;
With non-violent beliefs held by people about women, female terrorists can easily smuggle and transport arms used for criminal activities;
Cultural and traditional discrimination against women, economic instability combined with patriarchal views of women roles lead to women resorting to violence.

Conclusion

Women try to escape from oppression by participating in terrorist activities;
Female terrorists are born and constructed by the harsh environments and violent institutions such as refugee camps;
Female terrorists behave like men and are regarded as modified man-like creatures;
Past social injustices or crimes against women stimulate violence in women;
In conclusion, women escape oppression through terrorism activities. They do so in order to solve challenging live issues that they are born with such as discrimination and social injustices;
Women resort to terrorist activities due to revenge, great frustration and anger brought about by the environment they live in;
In the bid to revenge, female engage in terrorism, that for long has been regarded as a male activity. Some of the female terrorists leave children and motherhood for violence just for revenge;
Social injustices and indiscrimination stimulate violence among women. For instance, Palestinian women became suicide bombers due to social injustices such discrimination due to infertility or rape;
Religious beliefs play a role in nurturing terrorists. In addition, women are motivated by negative self-identity in the society;
Loss of loved ones and psychological trauma accelerates construction of female terrorists;
In conclusion, the environment and social factors nurtures female terrorists;
Religious beliefs held by groups also play a significant role in terrorism. Palestinian and Chechen terrorists believed in becoming martyrs if they were killed prompting women to join the groups;
Powerful terrorist leaders attract women who have lost loved ones, homes and relatives in a bid to revenge;
Nobody is born a terrorist. Female terrorists evolved to become what they are.