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Traffic Engineering
Traffic Engineering (TE) is the process of facilitation of network functioning, traffic performance, and resource utilization, which is being conducted through the selection of paths computed with consideration of bandwidth and administrative requirements of a network (Harnedy, 2002). With the help of the Constrained Based Routing Algorithm (CBRA), Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) TE can set a series of Label Switch Paths (LSPs) connecting the head-end node of the network to the tail-end node of the network (Harnedy, 2002). The router R3 for the first tunnel and the router R6 for the second tunnel is considered transparent.
Table 1 shows the R2 routing table for paths without tunnels.
Table 1. The R2 routing table for paths without tunnels.
Table 2 shows the R2 routing table for paths with tunnels.
Table 1. The R2 routing table for paths with tunnels.
Hybrid fiber-coaxial
The creation of hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC) networks has resulted in the elimination of scores of electronic amplifiers located along the trunk line (Kazovsky, Cheng, Shaw, Gutierrez, & Wong, 2011). An HFC network allows multiple users to share the same medium system that has a tree-and-branch topology. Therefore, medium access control is applied to upstream transmission. Downstream transmission, on the other hand, relies on a broadcast scheme (Kazovsky et al., 2011). The cable modem termination system deployed at the head-end of the network is connected to data servers, while a modem at the tail-end connects users to the cable network (Kazovsky et al., 2011). Taking into consideration the fact that HFC networks are shared-medium networks, they are associated with bandwidth sharing for all cable modems and one-to-many downstream protocols. A regular Ethernet LAN, on the other hand, has dedicated twisted pairs for every individual user; therefore, no bandwidth sharing occurs and the downstream protocol is many-to-many. Given that cable modems in HFC networks share the bandwidth, the medium access control protocol is necessary for regulating upstream transmission (Kazovsky et al., 2011).
Management Information Bases
Management Information Bases (MIBs) are virtual databases that “describe the structure of the management data of a device subsystem by using a hierarchical namespace containing OID (Object Identifiers)” (Combo, n.d., p. 26). Each OI is used to identify an entity that can be read remotely using Simple Network Management Protocol (SMMP). Quality of service (QoS) in fixed wireless systems prioritizes traffic from the point of access across the network based on how it is classified (Anderson, 2003). QoS allows controlling the latency, jitter, and the consistency of performance within a reasonable range. Instead of a custom MIB, I would use one provided by a producer of a wireless LAN device.
Latency is the measure of the time required for data to travel from a source to a destination in a network (Anderson, 2003). Jitter for a service flow can be defined as a measure of the variation of latency in a fixed wireless network (Anderson, 2003). The specific managed object for jitter is rttMonJitterStatsEntry OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.9.9.4.2.1.3.5.1 and for latency is rttMonLatencyStatsEntry OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.9.9.4.2.1.3.5.1 (Anderson, 2003).
References
Anderson, H. (2003). Fixed broadband wireless system design. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Combo. (n.d.). Monitoring parameters relation to QoS/QoE and KPIs.Web.
Harnedy, S. (2002). The MPLS primer: An introduction to multiprotocol labels switching. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall PTR.
Kazovsky, L., Cheng, N., Shaw, W., Gutierrez, D., & Wong, S. (2011). Broadband optical access networks. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
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