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Psychoanalytic perspective includes personality development and the theories of personality development. It deals with the Ego, the Id and the Superego of a person. Childhood experiences help to shape the behavior of an individual (Carpenter, 2009).
Behaviorist perspective seeks to explain a person’s character through actions that can be observable. It also studies the public events which tell so much about someone more than the private events such as his or her thoughts.
Humanist perspective is a philosophical stance that describes the value and agency of people. It requires critical, rational thinking and evidence. Cognitive psychology is the study of mental processes. It includes the person’s language, perception, creativity, and problem-solving skills. The study illustrates that man’s mind contains all the ideas a man has and that is where all the thinking originates.
Biopsychological perspective is a theory that examines two related behaviors; The Behavioral Inhibition System, which has links with sensitivity to punishment, and The Behavioral Inhibition System that is a sensitivity to reward (Carpenter, 2009).
Evolutionary psychology studies the transformation of human psychological state over a period of time. It seeks to explain that every organism that exists came from another and inherited certain features, but changing environment influences the person is a certain way. Hereditary genes pass from one offspring to another.
Sociocultural psychology studies how cultures and communities change over a period of time. There comes a structural reorganization of a community, such that the ancestral attributes seem to disappear due to the change (Carpenter, 2009).
Sigmund Freud and his colleagues are the ones responsible for coming up with of the Psychoanalytic psychology. He was carrying out a study on Anna O. He later concluded that hysterical patients always get the origin of their problems from childhood experiences
The following are the research methods used in psychology;
Experimental Research helps one to understand human behaviors and the resulting changes. Through numerous studies carried out by various researchers, one can quickly know how important the subject is. Unlike biological researchers which mainly concern themselves with detailed internal studies, experimental research is easy to understand.
Biological research requires people who know most of the biological terms and scientific experience. On the other hand, Biology has helped humankind to redefine life. It has led to the great discoveries that have contributed to curing numerous sickness and diseases.
Twins are children conceived and born by the same parent on the same date. There are two types of twins. The identical twins share all their genes because they formed from the same egg which split early on in the development. The other group of twins is the fraternal twins. They share half their genes just like siblings who are not twins.
Due to these natural qualities, twins provide psychologists with natural experimental design. They help psychologists discover how they can cope with new situations. Behavior geneticists studies and compares how similar one twin is to the other. For instance, there is always a higher chance that both of them share the same health conditions like autism, for example. That is where great care should be taken into consideration. It is because they share the genes. There is a difference when it comes to the fraternity twins. It is not necessarily true that when one of the twins has autism, the co-twin will experience the same condition.
Psychologists study adopted children because they want to know whether birth parents have a role in the child’s physical, mental and emotional development. When adopted children get new care givers, they have to start learning new things. How fast they do that is very important so that they become adapted and move on. Adopted children need help so that they can adjust at a pace that they can familiarize themselves well. Trust is something that they develop slowly as they grow.
The new caregiver needs to accept the change and help the child to get used to the new environment. Children who come from abusive homes sometimes have a hard time adjusting to the new environment too. It also helps to know if there is favoritism for the biological children and know how to assist the adopted children and their new parents to adjust their relationship. The study also helps the psychologists to know if the children still have memory of their biological relatives.
Neurotransmitters are special chemicals in the body. They help the body to link information from one nerve cell to another. They shape everyday life and functions. A hormone is a chemical substance that controls and regulates the activity of certain cells or organs. They are responsible for the mood control, growth, and reproduction. They both control physiology and behavior. They influence a person’s behavior, especially in reaction to the situation (Carpenter, 2009).
It is the changes in synapses and pathways as a result of the change in behavior, environment, moods, emotions or an injury. It can also be a result of learning. Throughout a person’s development history, the brain keeps changing in relation to circumstances.
Human behavior changes depending on how one treats an individual. Consumers typically want assurances that the products they use or are yet to use are safe, healthy and would bring good results. The study of human behavior also indicates that the people are creatures of habit. Once they get used to buying a particular product because they have an assurance that it is the best product, they will keep buying only it. The marketers’ work is to keep promising and advancing on the quality of the product.
Sometimes consumers embrace the power of labels. People identify themselves with names or brands. If the brand continues to serve its purpose, then it controls the emotions of a consumer. For instance, a company like Coca-cola could have a greater influence if it ran promotional adverts for supporting a children’s home unlike any other company in its category. It is because there are people who believe in the brand.
They can also create fear in customers. It may actually mean warning consumers against ignoring to use specific products that help improve their health.
Psychology can influence almost every sphere of human life. At the workplace, if the company does not understand its workers, they would respond by retaliating as a team or boycott the work. The psychologists could advise that the enterprise gives rewards to best performers. Motivation theories can also assist the management to know how to mitigate the risks of losing staff to competitors.
Psychology can be applicable to everywhere including homes to help parents raise their children in a modest way. Children are still developing and through the changes they witness around, they need guidance and motivation.
Reference
Carpenter, S. (2009). Visualizing psychology. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Web.
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