Perceptions and Decision Making Process

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Perception refers to the process of understanding of information and then interpreting it according to ones senses. It involves the process of recognizing the environmental stimuli and the actions that respond to the stimuli that allows an individual to act within the environment in which he or she is so that the appropriate action is taken to overcome the problems that exists within an organization. It also refers to the conflict that exists between the forces of the outer world to impose an actually on the people’s efforts so as to transform the actuality into a self-centered perspective that changes their way of viewing things and situations. The outer factor that affects the perception of people towards the things that they encounter are physiological, cultural and psychological transformations, where the people’s efforts and the outer world factors conflict it results to what people perceive. There are two theories that are related to perception these are active and passive perception. The passive perception is addressed using the following sequence surrounding – input (sense) – processing (brain) – output (reaction) while the active perception is addressed using the sequence that describes the relationship between description (in the brain) – senses – surrounding.

The perception changes the way the eyes of the human beings see the version of reality and it changes the way the human beings perceive of the truth of information therefore perception plays an important role in the way people carry out their activities because people can determine give conflicting information that can affect the performance of a company. When people view things with a preconceived idea they tend to take the preconceived ideas and sees them whether they are there or not, this is because the human beings are usually unable to understand new information without considering the biases that were associated with the previous knowledge.

The factors that bring about ambiguity about how perception is viewed in the human technologies are camouflage and the biological mimicry. The technologies bring about ambiguity because the individuals who views the objects perceive that the objects have different interpretations yet in actual sense they don’t have a concrete decision about how the activities of an organization are carried out hence they bring about conflicting issues that can give wrong ideas about how problems should be solved in an organization. When one perceives objects that are of a similar type and shape what appears to an individual is in a form that one has experienced during the past events, for example when one sees an object such as a penny what seems to appear to the person are its shape and the an impression of something circular but not something elliptical that takes the shape of the coin.

The decision making process refers to the processes of deriving the outcome of material processes that lead to the selection of courses of action from a set of alternatives that lead to the solving of problems in an organization. It is also refers to the problem solving activity that is terminated when a satisfactory solution is not found in an organization. The factors that affect decision-making process are thinking and feeling, extroversion and introversion, judgment and perception and sensing and intuition. There are three kinds of decisions these are: the decisions whether, the decisions which and the contingent decisions. The decisions whether are the decisions that are in form of yes or no basis or either/or decisions and are made before one proceeds with the selection of an alternatives of solving problems in organization and also made by weighing the pros and cons of taking a certain kind decision that solve problems in an organization. The decisions which are the decisions that are involved in choosing one or more alternatives from a set of possibilities, the choice are based on how well each alternative measures up to a set of predefined criteria. The contingent decisions are decisions that have been made, but have been put on hold until a certain condition has been accomplished.

The decisions that are made by people require the perceptual processes to take place so as the factual information from the external world that can be used to give solutions for the problems that people encounter while carrying out their daily activities in the organizations. The perception of a situation is usually central in the decision making process since it represents a problem that needs to be solved and it enables the managers in an organization to derive decisions that can enable the management of then organization to achieve its goal and objectives that it intends to accomplish within a given period of time.

The perception of a situation is the only source of information upon which decision-making judgments are made for example the judgments that are made through the use of supply chain simulation game one finds that people fail to account for the quantity of goods in the supply line when placing orders for more goods because they misperceive the true quantity of goods ordered and this leads to the ordering of more goods that are not required and this leads to making of wrong decisions for the organization. The way judgments are made are usually based on the perception that are made by the decision makers therefore it is important to be carefully on how they perceive issues so that the right decisions in an organizations are made so that the performance of an organization are not affected in any way.

The other importances of perception to decision-making process are that as the outcome become complete and accurate when the decision representations are made. The people from diverse backgrounds holds perception of ethical behavior in different ways because the people perceive one situation as ethical while others perceive it as unethical because of their religion, culture, nationality and history. The perception of the individuals ethical behavior in the organizations affects the performance of the employees thus the managers of organization should train their employees about ethical behavior so they can determine the extent in which the perception of the employees have in an organization. The understanding of perception can help an individual to have improved decision making skills, increased understanding of others and leadership skills that can enhance good performance of a company because failure to learn how perception works can lead to low productivity of a company.

The decision in the real world organization are made on bonded rationality, thus the managers of the organizations should ensure that the decision making process are manageable from a list of alternatives to the situations so that they can review the alternatives that are suitable and that need and suitable to the implemented into an organization. The perception can vary from one person to another and it can have a huge impact on the decision making process in an organization thus the management of organization should be cautious about how they perceive as this adversely affect the performance of a company. The perception that exists in the functionality of an organization is the management’s perception of the employees. The employees perceive issues differently because of the environment in which they were brought in therefore it is important for the management to come into a compromise on what is good or bad so that the operation of an organizations can be carried out effectively.

The emotion plays a crucial role in perception, learning and rational decision making because if the emotions of a person keep on changing from one period to another due to factors beyond the control of the managers therefore the emotions should be monitored so that they don’t affect the performance of the company.. According to some managers they stated that the accurate perception provided a strong base for that enhanced decision-making process to be carried out effectively but there were fewer problems that were associated with inaccurate perception, but it is important to review the perception process so that the activities of an organization are not affected in any way due to varying perceptions of employees in an organization.

References

Perception and Reality. 2008. Web.

Introduction to Decision Making. 2008. Web.

Bechara, A., H. Damasio, et al. (2000). “Emotion, Decision Making and the Orbit frontal Cortex.” Cerebral Cortex 10(3): 295-307.

Bechara, A., H. Damasio, et al. (1998). “Dissociation of Working Memory from Decision Making within the Human Prefrontal Cortex.” Journal of Neuroscience 18(1): 428-437.

Brehmer, B. (1995). Feedback Delays in Complex Dynamic Decision Tasks. Complex Problem Solving: The European Perspective. P. A. Frensch and J. Funke. Hillsdale, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc Inc.

Omodei, M. (2006). What Psychology Can Tell Us about How to Fight Fires & What Firefighters Can Tell Us about Human Psychology. Carnegie Mellon University.

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Perceptions and Decision Making Process

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