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When most people think of personality, the first thing that they think of is the difference and the similarities, the types, and traits that people hold. Well, this is an important part of the learning of psychology since some of the characteristics differ from person to person. Personality typing is an instrument with various uses. It is precisely notable for its aid in the areas of personal growth and self-development. Through learning and understanding, the course of personality can be a hard course, at the same time the theories learned in personality type can be very powerful and satisfying. Learning one’s personality should be used as a definite tool to discover ourselves, rather than as a method for behavior excuse (Crowley, 1999).
We introduce Jung as an influential philosopher and the founder of analytical psychology, having Jung often considered as the primary modem and a well-known pioneer in the area of analyzing dreams. Jung’s ideas are regularly conversed and have been used in parts of the curriculum in the introduction to psychology. Jung sees that the only way to one becoming whole is only through individualism. He describes individualism as the process whereby the instinctive essentials of a person will be well incorporated into molding a round functioning being (Crowley, 1999). This can be simply described as the steadiness of character. Jung’s great influence and great work is seen through his work and was able to come up with a theory of life and the relations of different people to it. Jung believes that character creation is the key to understanding human nature. He defines it as the best probable expression for essentially something that is not known. Jung explains that a person with a strong (healthy) can realize tendencies within him- or herself and can be in a position to express them (Hothersall, 1995). This is a strong trait of personality since it helps him in the realization of their want, in this case, dreams, which they will work on to complete their personality.
When it comes to Freud Sigmund he has to categories the personality in three structures: the id, the self esteem, and the super ego. Where identity will hold up high in the ranking since this is the human source or a pool of all intuitive energy in their being. Though mainly Freud will argue that the id is completely unconscious and its contact with reality is very low. As one grows from one stage of life to the other they are faced with the demands and constriction of the reality of life that they are living in. therefore, a new structure of personality emerges-self esteem or ego. At this stage of life the ego could be molded or destroyed depending on the reasoning and decisions made are strongly dependant on this personality. Freud strong bases his argument that if possible and through good learning of the personality one should rely on the superego to make decision since the id and ego have no morality and they are out there for their exclusive satisfaction (Maslow, 1998). According to Freud structure of personality the superego is the moral branch of one’s personality. The superego would be equated with often what we call ‘conscience’ this personality of superego will always take into account whether something is right correct or wrong (Crowley, 1999). Though from time to time you might see that the id and the superego are making life for your self esteem rough, it is always important to listen to the inner being the ‘conscience ‘ and most often than not you will be relying on a good source for your decision.
Commonly referred to as “the theory of self personality,” the personality theories as presented by Carl Rogers are those that are concerned with the empirical evaluation of the psyche of the human being, demonstrating that the humanistic as well as the scientific approaches are compatible (Maslow, 1998). According to Rogers, it is possible to make the fundamental assumption that all human beings are driven to grow to optimal health and wellbeing, requiring their capability to be resilient and flexible even in the face of adversity.
For Rodgers self-actualization is an accepted process, yet it requires nurturance of a person that gives that kind of care (Hothersall, 1995). If self “self-actualization” is simply a natural process according to Rogers’ theory which may or may not be obvious, then why must it depend on a care giver to occur? He then argues his point from the angle that despite his inconsistency in individualistic prejudice he also understands that people cannot live alone but need others and we are radically dependant on other for their survival (Elkins, 2009). Rogers felt that the presence of unconditional constructive consideration is necessary for self-actualization. That is, human growth entails the experience of being principled and morally upright for oneself despite of the degree to which precise behaviors are approved or disapproved (Elkins, 2009). Conversely, self-actualization is displeased by “conditional positive regard” — when received it is reliant on either the positive or negative evaluation of a person’s conduct (Maslow, 1998). The presence of this conditional optimistic regard towards the individual’s personality directs to “conditions of significance, value and high esteem,” which, in turn, can lead to disconnection away from true feelings and, thus, to anxiety and risk, which will hinder self-actualization (Elkins, 2009).
Through all these theories and models, it is crucial to realize that no one person is fully made up of one specific personality. Additionally, most of these personality traits are composed of the genetic and hereditary factors as well as those that are concerned with the effects of the surrounding environment. As most of the above studies seem to depict a little bit of each, it is obvious that the personalities of different individuals vary from person-to-person, necessitating the shift from generalization to individualization.
References
Crowley, V. (1999). Jung: A Journey of Transformation. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Elkins, D. (2009). Humanistic psychology: A clinical manifesto. Colorado Springs: University of the Rockies Press.
Hothersall, D. (1995). History of Psychology, 3rd ed. New York, NY: Mcgraw-Hill.
Maslow, A. (1998).Towards a psychology of being, 3rd ed. New York, NY: Wiley.
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