Globalization Process and Its Effects

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Table of Contents

Introduction
Main Analysis
Conclusion
Works Cited

Introduction

The process of globalization has its roots in the two world wars: World War I and World War II. The desire to replace the League of Nations with one international organization that all states of the globe would be members was the greatest height of globalization. The great nations of the United States, the Soviet Union, and the Great Britain convened a meeting in San Francisco in 1945 with the sole intention of forming an international body; the meeting led to the formation of the United Nations.

The meeting also gave a go ahead to the establishment of the International Court of Justice; the court based at The Hague in the Netherlands deals with disputes among states. Since the formation of United Nations, the rules, and the structure of the international system have drastically changed: the international law, for example, has shifted focus from states to individuals.

Consequently, there is a shift to emphasis on people and humanity and as a result, state sovereignty has an inclination to protect human rights, people’s law, and human environment. There are developments of new norms aimed at protecting the universal community interest (Capaldo 6).

Main Analysis

The evidence that the process of globalization is uneven in the global system was manifested when the United Nations was formed and when the need to enact the principle of human rights in the UN charter arose. Both the Great Britain and the Soviet Union rejected that enactment due to the fear of the fact that the enactment of human rights could give power to the British colonies whereas according to the Soviet Union, the enactment of human rights could put in danger its desire to elongate its sphere of influence.

Another instance that shows the uneven application of the process of globalization was the desire by the United States of America to disagree with China’s quest for the provision on the equality of all races. This rejection to enact and to incorporate human rights in UN charter by the great powers despite much pressure and demand from the countries of Africa and Latin America demonstrated the high handedness by the major powers (Anon 200).

The universalism of human rights though linked to Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) is violated. The foreign policy of the United States of America has demonstrated double standards in the enforcement of human rights. This foreign policy has tried to avoid traditional instruments like policy of trade; they have pursued their agenda through supporting local non-governmental organizations to enforce human rights and ensure the prevalence of rule of law.

The United States of America advocates for globalization passively as opposed to enforcing the standards coercively. Concerning the formulation of human rights, the factors that always come to play are the geopolitical power balance and the struggle for control of primary means of existence and the arms race (Capaldo 6).

With regard to the labor market, globalization has made the labor market more rigid and hence the need to make it flexible. The labour market has to be more flexible as this will likely spur even distribution of investment and hence even globalization process. There is a debate that this idea of flexible labor market only exists in principle and absent in practice.

This imbalance with regard to the flexibility in labor market, though it was a demand by the states the investors could not reciprocate. Furthermore, the treatment of slaves by some countries was the highest form of violation of the principle of equality and dignity of all individuals. The treatment accorded to the slaves was of inhuman kind since it involved separation from other people and their communication cut off (Bauman 6).

The global labor market has enhanced global mobility that is now a major characteristic of work and labor. Global labor market presents a lot of risks and opportunities to both the national and international labor markets since it allows national economies to be visible in labor market (Mooney and Evans 108).

The powerful countries do not follow all the legal process when addressing matters of labor rights and no state has devised legal framework for addressing labor rights. Consequently, during the negotiation on the formation of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the establishment of social clause that could govern agreements was ignored.

Unavailability of social clause in the charter presents many social consequences since it suspends any link between social rights and the laws governing international trade consequently allowing for the violation of social and labor rights. The United States of America has a scheme of imposing economic sanctions on states that do not demonstrate respect for human rights yet they allow for violation of labor rights at the WTO (Kaufmann 4).

Concerning ethics and political institutions, globalization has put the existence of the established institutions, social policies, and international ethics at risk. These international ethics include the quest for self-determination, migration, and survival of labor and the ethics of social interactions.

Western countries are advocating for self-determination by states yet they tend to influence and dominate other countries. The principle of non-interference in national matters has been violated despite it (the principle) being enacted in the United Nations charter; western and other powerful countries have interfered in the affairs of developing countries because of their (developing countries) weak economies (Day and Masciulli 3).

Conclusion

Globalization has many positives but equally it has many ills particularly perpetuated by powerful countries that have already developed economically. This is evident in the spheres of international system like the political institutions, labor laws, and internationally recognized ethics.

Human Rights, which form the core part of the UN charter, are applied unequally by the nations of the globe. The status and privileges accorded to humanity by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights are violated. Powerful nations have watered down human rights and resorted to formulation of policies that violate instead of protecting human rights of developing countries.

Works Cited

Anon. Inventing human rights. New York: Cengage Learning, n.d. Print.

Bauman, Zygmunt. Globalization: human consequences. Cambridge: polity press, 1998. Print.

Capaldo, Giuliana. The pillars of global law. New York: Ashgate Publishing, 2008. Print.

Day, Richard and Mascuili, Joseph. Globalization and political ethics; Volume 103 of International studies in sociology and social anthropology. New York: BRILL, 2007. Print.

Kaufmann, Christine. Globalization and Labor Rights. The Conflict between Core Labor Rights and International Economic Law. New York: Hart Publishing Ltd, 2007. Print.

Mooney, Annabelle and Evans, Betsy. Globalization: the key concepts. New York: Taylor & Francis, 2007. Print.

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Globalization Process and Its Effects

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