African-American History Before 1877

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Slavery is a process or system where a person works under another person who treated as lord for the slaves. It is a social-economic process where slave is deprived from his basic rights, freedom and he is compelled to do any kind of work. It is one kind of inhumane behavior for slaves. In USA almost all the slaves were African and most of them were worked on the Southern part of the country. Slavery in USA starts in 1619 and continues till 1880.

“Twenty one African chattel slaves were first brought to British North America in Virginia”. Approximately 10-13 million Africans were seized by other Africans and also by Arabs and they are sold as slaves in Americas between 1620 and 1880. The slaves were tortured by their lords in different cases brutally. Slavery becomes a common thing on that time of USA. Among first 12 President of America 8 was slave owner. Slavery becomes legal in the time of 1654 to1865.

They were not given any common facilities such as food, accommodation and medical facilities. So there was a necessity of abolishing slavery in USA and several protests starts against slavery during the time of slaving. There was gloomy situation on the time of slavery in USA. They were kept in unhygienic situation, supplied unhealthy foods and deprived from their personal freedom. In 1860 slave population in the southern states were shown by this graph. In the early age of 1790 the slave’s people in United States were 698,000 and it reached in 1860 at 3,954,000. Among all these slaves 15 percent were worked on domestic servants and 10 percent worked in commerce, trades and industry especially in towns and cities.

In the time of slavery there was a discrimination among the blacks, free and slave. Those slaves whose wife’s were free, their child was also free from slavery. But if child is black then he faced some discrimination. He wasn’t counted as a general people and not also given the same facilities as like as whites. A case study can be given relating to the comparison of blacks, free and slave:

It is stated that David Walker who was an eminent person for his anti-slavery movement. He born in 1785 and his father was a slave and mother was free. So according to the rules of North-Carolina he was free but he was familiar with the brutality of slavery. Once he saw that a son was forced to beat his mother for death. This evidence influenced him most and he makes his passion for the abolition of slavery.

Abolition against slavery starts especially from 1829 when David Walker issued revolutionary warnings to the white people of USA. It was published in Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World which was known as the best anti-slavery document on that time. His speech was … some of you, (whites) on the continent of America, will yet curse the day that you ever were born. You want slaves, and want us for your slaves!!! My colors will yet, roots some of you out of the very face of the earth!

This appeal of Walker takes huge acceptance to the black slaves of USA and Walker become a popular person to all of them. This appeal also stirred the slaveholders and all slaves of United States. It became a matter of tension to the slaveholder that it would cause a slave uprising. There was a reaction from the several states of the country especially southern states give a quick results and Georgia and Louisiana passed legislation that made distribution of it illegal.

As a result a declaration has been come against Walker that $10,000 reward was offered for either dead or alive. Abolitionists start their mission mainly from 1830 after the death of David Walker and they make it compulsory for the liberation of African-American slaves. They strictly opposed the existence of slavery anymore. Finally it reached in fighting stage and by dint of Theodore D. Weld, the brothers Arthur and Lewis Tappan, and William Lloyd Garrison it was possible to establish in 1833, The American Anti-Slavery Society. Several newspapers were published in 1931 such as “The Liberator” and “Benjamin Lundy”. “Abolitionists wanted the immediate freeing of the slaves after the outbreak of the Civil War resulted in Pres”.

Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation. Among them Theodore Weld’s wrote a book named American Slavery (1839) which sold 100,000 copies in one year which included terrible stories about slavery made in the southern part of the country. Then he becomes anti-slavery person also the moral nerve in the country. There were differences in the demand of Abolitionists regarding release of slavery. Some of them wants immediate liberation using violent if is necessary, others were expected to peaceful means and gradual emancipation. “But the American Anti-Slavery Society was simply committed to ending slavery”. Then day by day the govt. of USA understands the situation to abolish the slavery. Several conventions were held in the different part of the world about anti-slavery movement.

In 1840 at the World’s Anti-slavery Convention, African American Charles Remond refused to be seated when he learned that women were being segregated in the gallery.In 1950 Compromise of 1850 attempts to settle slavery issue.

As part of the Compromise, a new Fugitive Slave Act is added to implement the 1793 law and agrees to slaveholders to salvage slaves in northern states and free territories. Jossiah Priest describes that day after slavery was abolishing in the several states of the country and in 1862 slavery was abolished from Columbia and one million dollars was appropriated to the slaveholders as compensation. And in the 22^nd day of September, 1862 the president of United States Abraham Lincoln declares the Emancipation Proclamation (1863).

By this he made the entire slave free from their slavery and he requested every slaveholder becomes calm and quit and also doesn’t make any chaos or disorder against his declaration. At last, Slavery fully abolished by the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1865. There were many people relating to the abolition of slavery and they made a great contribution for declining the slavery process. The most common favorite is David Walker who was against slavery. His death inspires others to go ahead. The Anti-slavery society was established by Theodore D. Weld, the brothers Arthur and Lewis Tappan, and William Lloyd Garrison in 1833. They are will get recognition as the father of the abolition of slavery.

Finally American President Abraham Lincoln is the main person who promulgated the Emancipation Proclamation (1863) and banned the slave tradition. Their efforts were successful as it is said that there weren’t remaining any slavery in USA. So this study intends to decide that they were 100 percent successful for abolition of slavery.

The main purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation (1863) and others efforts was to remove the slavery tradition from United States and also diminish the discrimination between black and white that means to make equality before law. As a result, slavery was banned from the USA since 1865 that means there was no exercise of slavery by the efforts of David Walker, Theodore D. Weld, the brothers Arthur and Lewis Tappan, and William Lloyd Garrison and also the contribution of Abraham Lincoln, so this study intends to say that they are successful in that case.

Bibliography

Becker, Eddie Chronology on the History of Slavery and Racism 1830 – The End. Web.

Blockson, Charles L. (1987). The Underground Railroad: First-person Narratives of Escapes to Freedom in the North. (Prentice Hall Press).

Browns, John “Slavery Myths and Facts: Time Line On The History Of Slavery 1830 To 1865”, Southern Comfort. Web.

McElrath, Jessica (2008). “David Walker”, About. Web.

Nash, Gary B. (2001). Race and Revolution, (Landham, MD: Rowman & Litchfield Publishers, Inc.).

Priest, Jossiah (1852). Bible Defence of Slavery: And Origin, Fortunes, and History of the Negro. (W.S. Brown).

Robin D.G. Kelley and Earl Lewis, To Make Our World Anew, vol 1: A History of African Americans to 1880 (Oxford University Press, 2005).

Steele, Brent J (2005). “Ontological security and the power of self-identity: British neutrality and the American Civil War”, Review of International Studies, 31: 519-540. Cambridge University Press.

Sturge, Joseph (1842). A Visit to the United States in 1841, (Adams Hamilton).

The Emancipation Proclamation, (1862). The President Of The United States Of America. Web.

Thoreau, Henry David (2007). A Chronology of Thoreau’s Life, with Events of the Times, Presented by The Thoreau Project, a nonprofit initiative of Calliope, Inc. Web.

Vaknin, Sam (2005). “Slavery in the USA”, (Buzzle.). Web.

Walker, David (1829). Walker’s Appeal, in Four Articles; Together with a Preamble, to the Coloured Citizens of the World, but in Particular, and Very Expressly, to Those of the United States of America, Written in Boston, State of Massachusetts. Boston. Web.

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African-American History Before 1877

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