Effects of HIV and AIDS on Young Children and Women

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Table of Contents

Introduction
Objectives and hypothesis of the study
Overall recommendations of the study
Continuous variables
Statistical tests
Bias
Summary of table 4
References

Introduction

The article written by these great authors gives an analysis of the adverse effects caused by HIV and AIDS on young children and women. More so the authors try to put more emphasis on the attitude of these aforementioned people to the overall escalating effects of HIV and AIDS.

Objectives and hypothesis of the study

The hypothesis of this study is to establish the prevalence of HIV and AIDS on the general population this is with particular attention to the young children and the women who are more vulnerable. The authors also wish to establish the relationship of the disease with reference to the levels of income of the affected and infected individuals. The study also wishes to explore the probable population of obstetricians-gynecologists who have tested for HIV and the general attitude that patients have over the predicament (Gray, 2007). The study also wishes to examine why most patients have a negative attitude towards testing on their HIV and AIDS status. The issue of whether these medical practitioners approach this issue with the caution and care that it deserves also needs is explored by this study.

Overall recommendations of the study

After a careful study carried out by this research, there was a general establishment that although HIV and Aids testing was a necessity, sometimes it was carried out without the knowledge of the patients involved. For instance it was observed that some pregnant women were tested without their consent only to be notified of the results much later (GWHC, 2002). The study therefore recommends that as much as it is necessary to know ones status, it is not in order to establish the status of an individual without his or her knowledge. The overall goal is therefore to ensure that as the campaign is spread to have a good portion of the population tested; it should be done with a lot of respect to the patients being observed (Quinn & Overbaugh, 2005)

Continuous variables

The variables given by the authors as continuous include the possible number of partners that one should have had sex with since the onset of their active sex life. However the numbers given in this data seem to be exaggerated and unrealistic. Going by the figures that the authors have given, the prevalence rate could be much higher than what the data shows. Examples of continuous data that the authors have given include the percentage risk that each of the patients associates to being tested for HIV and Aids.

Statistical tests

The statistical tests carried out by this research include gathering of raw information from different respondents and putting it together with an intention of analyzing it.

Bias

The nature of bias that was observed was that the data collected only included women and children leaving out other groups that are still vulnerable to HIV and Aids effects. This in itself manifests the true nature of bias that the study actually had to experience at the expense of delivering appealing reality.

Summary of table 4

From table numbered four, we observe that the number of pregnant women who took HIV testing after a physician’s recommendation are slightly higher than the number of non-pregnant women who took the test after a physician recommended for the same (CDC, 2001). However, the non-pregnant women had more sexual partners and unprotected sex as compared to the pregnant women (CDC, 2005). Either knowingly or unknowingly, a higher number of pregnant women tested HIV positive as compared to non-pregnant women. In total though, the number of pregnant and non-pregnant women who declined to be tested after a recommendation by a gynecologist were equal.

References

CDC.(2005).Cases of HIV infection and Aids in the United States,2004.HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report, 16, 16-45

CDC. (2001). Revised recommendations for HIV screening of pregnant women.MMWR, 50(RR-19), 63-85

Guidelines for Women Health Care. (2002) American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Washington DC

Gray, A.D. et al. (2007).Obstetrician-gynecologists’ knowledge and practices regarding human immunodeficiency virus screening. Obstetrics and gynecology, 110, 1019-1026

Quinn, T.C. & Overbaugh, J. (2005). HIV/AIDS in women an expanding epidemic. Science, 308, 1582-158.

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