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Introduction
It is imperative to note that type-2 diabetes is a significant problem that affects an enormous percentage of the population, and many resources have been devoted to research and development of measures that would help to address this issue. The understanding of the way a particular disease affects the anatomy and living functions is vital because the knowledge that is gained may be utilized in studies. Moreover, it is necessary to understand that research in this area is highly important because the introduction of new ways of treatment may be vital, and some of the approaches that are currently used may not be regarded as efficient.
Body
The problem is that endocrine functions of the pancreas are affected most of the time. Alpha cells are vital because they help the body to create a hormone that is known as glucagon that increases the level of blood sugar. Moreover, it ensures that the amount is sufficient for the human brain to function efficiently. On the other hand, insulin is produced by beta cells that help to reduce these levels and control the use of sugar by a human body. However, possible changes to insulin levels can be particularly dangerous because the function of the endocrine system is affected. The production of insulin may be slowed down significantly, or it can be stopped. Also, it may be caused by the fact that a body may struggle to deal with functions of insulin in some cases. Elevated levels of glucose can be incredibly dangerous because vital aspects of the body are affected. Another aspect that needs to be discussed is that cells may not be capable of holding together if the condition is not controlled. Symptoms that are frequently associated with this disease also should be noted. Frequent urination is one of the issues that are noticed the most.
A weight change can also be extremely problematic and should be viewed as a worrying sign. Excessive thirst is also a significant problem that is worth mentioning. Also, it is necessary to mention that this form of this condition is the most common among the population. Another aspect that is worth noting is that it is necessary to have an understanding of risk factors that lead to the development of this condition. Obesity is regarded as the biggest problem, and many individuals do not have an understanding of the fact that it is a severe risk factor, and their behavior needs to be changed (Gower 2011). Insulin resistance that is frequently related to obesity is also incredibly problematic, and a wide range of measurement techniques have been developed. Also, a relationship between this aspect and obesity is still debated by scientists (Sinaiko & Caprio 2012). The fatigue that is caused by this illness also needs to be discussed. The problem is that such blood sugar levels reduce the circulation of the blood and cells are not provided with sufficient levels of oxygen and nutrients. The fact that kidneys have to produce much more urine than usual also needs to e mentioned. It is imperative to understand that it causes too much pressure, and it may lead to many complications. Chronic kidney disease is especially worrying because it may cause a failure of the organ, and a significant percentage of individual that was diagnosed with type-2 diabetes have to deal with this condition. Individuals that suffer from this condition are recommended to make changes to their diet, and some of the approaches that are suggested are incredibly efficient. Also, lifestyle changes are recommended in most cases, and health care professionals suggest that it helps to reduce possible risks. The need to lose weight may be viewed as one of the core aspects of the treatment, and this is a factor that needs to be taken into account.
The fact that those who suffer from type-2 diabetes are more likely to get infected is especially worrying. The most significant problem that individuals have to deal with is an understanding of the fact that this condition cannot be completely healed, and it frequently leads to depression and other psychological problems. However, one of the studies suggests that some of the issues that are caused by this illness may be reversed. It is also suggested that genetic and environmental factors may play a vital role (Taylor 2011). Moreover, the issue is that many individuals are under constant pressure because they have to manage their level of sugar in the blood, and it may limit some activities. Metabolic changes that individuals have to deal with are quite significant most of the time. The blood vessel and nerve damage also should be noted because it leads to severe consequences such as the development of diseases that are related to the cardiovascular system. It is paramount to understand that the risks that are associated with infections are also significantly increased, and it may be necessary to be much more careful and pay significant attention to such aspects as hygiene. It is paramount to understand that the impact on the body is quite significant if the condition is not treated promptly, and people that suffer from this condition are more likely to have to deal with such problems as amputation and others. Another aspect that is worth mentioning is that one of the recent studies suggests that type-2 diabetes is one of the risk factors that are associated with bone fractures because it is stated that material and dynamic abnormalities may be noted. For instance, high levels of glucose in blood may lead to nonenzymatic glycation (Leslie et al. 2012).
However, there is a need for future research because this is an area that is not yet fully explored. Issues with the vision that are caused by this disease should be regarded as especially problematic. Diabetic macular edema is a severe complication that is caused by the fact that significant amounts of fluid are accumulated in the central region of an eye. Nerve cells that are present in the macula control an ability of an individual to sense light, and any changes can lead to severe consequences, and blurred vision is a significant issue. Studies suggest that close to thirty per cent of individuals that have suffered from type-2 diabetes for more than twenty years develop this condition, and it indicates that the long-term impact of this disease is tremendous. Diabetic retinopathy is a complication that is especially worrying because blood vessels in this organ are damaged, and the severity of this problem may vary in some cases. Furthermore, it is imperative to understand that hypertension and hyperlipidemia are worrying factors that may cause many complications. Understandably, microvascular damage that is caused cannot be avoided in some cases, but necessary measures should be taken to prevent possible issues (Jaime et al. 2010).
The biggest problem that needs to be discussed is that individuals that suffer from this condition have to deal with comorbidities, and it complicates the treatment most of the time. Obesity should be viewed as especially problematic because it may lead to the development of many other dangerous illnesses. Metabolic syndrome is problematic because several risks are present, and it may not be an easy task to address all of the issues at once. It is imperative to understand that insulin sensitivity is reduced significantly, and function of beta cells is affected as well. Such significant changes lead to the development of this condition. The connection between coronary artery disease and type-2 diabetes has been established. The problem is that a presence of high levels of blood sugar leads to increased blood pressure. High cholesterol is also frequently related to this illness, and it is one of the core factors that are associated with cardiovascular diseases and such issues as heart attacks. The possibility of a cerebral infarction is a significant problem because the risks are much higher for individuals that are affected by this condition. Moreover, it is noted that the number of patients that have suffered a stroke in the past and are diabetic has been increasing over the years. Also, it is paramount to mention that such individuals have to deal with poorer outcomes because of unique aspects of this condition (Bejot & Giroud 2010).
Another problem that is worthy of a discussion is that patients that have to deal with this illness are more likely to suffer from inflammation processes, and it is noted that tumor necrosis factor is a marker that is frequently related to type-2 diabetes (Calle & Fernandez 2012). It is also stated that adiponectin that is manufactured by adipose tissue has an enormous impact on insulin sensitivity. The issue is that genetic and other reasons for such processes are not yet fully understood, but it is expected that the situation is going to be improved in the future because enormous amounts of resources are devoted to the research (). One of the studies suggests that the most attention should be paid to beta-cell function because it determines glucose cases most of the time. Kahn states that it is entirely possible that body-fat distribution is one of the core factors that lead to insulin resistance, and intro-abdominal fat should be analyzed (Kahn 2003). Dysfunction of beta cells is especially problematic because the body cannot produce sufficient amounts. Results of another study suggest that some genetic variants can be related to fasting protein, and the information that is received is truly fascinating (Strawbridge et al. 2011).
Conclusion
In conclusion, it is paramount to mention to understand that the impact of this condition on the body of an individual is quite significant, and it leads to the development of many other conditions if not controlled. It is necessary to mention that this disease is incredibly problematic because it affects an enormous percentage of the population and is much harder to manage than many other illnesses. It is suggested that many cases could have been prevented if individuals have paid attention to some of the factors and taken necessary measures that would help to reduce any possible risks that are related to this illness. The most attention should be devoted to preventive measures, and the population should be educated about the impact of this disease on the body of an individual and what course of action needs to be taken if someone suspects that he or she suffers from this condition. The problem is that some of the medicines that are currently used have numerous side-effects that may lead to severe complications, and management of type-2 diabetes is still viewed as a significant problem. Overall, it is evident that this condition affects almost every single system in the human body, but some of them are much more susceptible than others because of many factors, and it is necessary to have an understanding of possible risks.
Reference List
Ahlqvist, E, Ahluwalia, T & Groop, L 2011, ‘Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes’ Clinical Chemistry, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 241-255.
Béjot, Y & Giroud, M. 2010, ‘Stroke in diabetic patients’, Diabetes & Metabolism, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. s84-87.
Calle, M & Fernandez, M 2012, ‘Inflammation and type 2 diabetes’, Diabetes & Metabolism, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 183-191.
Gower, A 2011, ‘Type 2 diabetes’, Nursing Standard, vol. 25, no. 41, pp. 59.
Jaime, D, Thomas, C, Janet, M, Keri, K & Pamela, A 2007, ‘How the diabetic eye loses vision’, Endocrine, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 107-116.
Kahn, S 2003, ‘The relative contributions of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction to the pathophysiology of Type 2 diabetes’, Diabetologia, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 3-19.
Leslie, W, Rubin, M, Schwartz, A & Kanis, J 2012, ‘Type 2 diabetes and bone’, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 2231-2237.
Sinaiko, A & Caprio, S 2012, ‘Insulin Resistance’, The Journal of Pediatrics, vol. 161, no. 1, pp. 11-15.
Strawbridge, RJ, Dupuis, J, Prokopenko, I, Barker, A, Ahlqvist, E, Rybin, D et al. 2011, ‘Genome-wide association identifies nine common variants associated with fasting proinsulin levels and provides new insights into the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes’, Diabetes, vol. 60, no. 10, pp. 2624-2634.
Taylor, R 2011, ‘Reversing type 2 diabetes’, Practical Diabetes, vol. 28, no. 9, pp. 377-379.
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