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Pneumonia is one of the common infections that affect the lungs. Bacteria, fungi, or viruses are the significant aspects that cause the infection. The condition is also life-threatening and has led to the deaths of many individuals. Typically, pneumonia causes the air sacs to become inflamed and fill up with fluid, causing breathing difficulties to the patient. In many cases, health practitioners use antibiotics to treat the condition. Moreover, people are encouraged to seek medical care when experiencing some symptoms such as fever, cough, sweating, and rapid breathing. Thus, an individual can analyze various aspects concerning pneumonia and other respiratory complications.
Pathophysiology of Pneumonia and how it May Relate to the Presented Scenario
The scenario presented reveals that TM has Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), one of the risk factors of pneumonia. Doctors have argued that people with RA have twice the average risk of being infected with pneumonia (Cao et al., 2019). Persistence cough is another common symptom of pneumonia since the infection impacts the respiratory system. The sign should, therefore, be considered when diagnosing TM since it might be influenced by pneumonia. The patient’s working environment may also be another aspect that can lead to the development of pneumonia. TM operates a bakery, which increases her risk of being exposed to fungi and bacteria from the yeast. Hysterectomy has also been performed on TM, which is a factor that can lead to pneumonia. Physicians have argued that postoperative pneumonia is one of the issues that can be experienced by people who undergo a hysterectomy (Galvis et al., 2019). Thus, these different aspects reveal that TM has a high chance of having pneumonia.
How an Environmental Exposure/Factor or Medication Affects the Pulmonary System
Exposure to different environmental factors can lead to pulmonary complications. One of the organs that are sensitive to environmental agents is the lungs. For instance, increased air pollution has led to many people experiencing respiratory infections (De Giacomi et al., 2018). The surroundings of individual influence conditions such as pneumonia and acute bronchitis. Many people working in companies that emit massive carbon stunts are at high risk of developing pulmonary infections (Suzuki & Suda, 2019). Although safety precautions have been emphasized in different organizations, many workers develop various respiratory complications since they gradually consume toxic particles that impact their health.
Medications can also be an aspect that can lead to various infections. Many people undergoing treatment develop other conditions due to body changes. Some drugs can lead to a weak immune system, increasing the risks of being infected with other diseases. For instance, the scenario presented shows that TM receives an etanercept injection weekly, leading to a fragile body system (Chen et al., 2019). Thus, the patient is at high risk of developing pulmonary infections. Some of the medications used can also interrupt hormones, leading to increased chances of lung infections (Chen et al., 2019). Therefore, health care practitioners have been encouraged to focus on any available medical records when diagnosing patients with respiratory infections.
Etiology of Cough
Several inflammatory changes in the airways can trigger a cough. Increased environmental pollution has led to many cases of people with respiratory infections. Many companies are using harmful chemicals that lead to pulmonary complications. Mechanical irritants have also increased in the modern world due to globalization leading to an increased number of firms. Therefore, various issues have led to a high number of pulmonary diseases.
Cough is a common condition and has various causes that can be examined in different individuals. Asthma is one of the significant conditions that is associated with cough. Typically, asthmatic people experience breathing challenges, leading to persistent cough (Yuan et al., 2019). Patients with asthma are advised to use inhalers to unblock the respiratory system and limit coughing. Some of the infections block the air sacs making breathing difficult for the patients. Health care providers have also encouraged people with respiratory diseases to ensure that they seek treatment to unblock their lungs and limit coughing. Another major cause is Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which involves stomach acid flowing back into the tube that connects the esophagus and the digestive system. Thus, individuals experience constant irritation, which leads to chronic coughing in some cases. Failure to treat the condition worsens the GERD, and persistent cough is experienced.
Conclusion
Many people experience pulmonary complications due to various factors. For instance, air pollution has led to increased cases of lung infections in different areas. Factors such as medications have also been termed as aspects that lead to the development of respiratory complications. Pneumonia and acute bronchitis are some of the common pulmonary conditions that affect many people. Additionally, pneumonia has been ranked as one of the respiratory infections that cause death among many patients. Cough is also another common condition in various regions. Doctors have revealed that individuals experience coughs due to various causes. For instance, asthma is one of the conditions that is associated with the complication. GERD is also an issue that leads to coughs in humans since it affects the lungs. Therefore, health practitioners encourage people to seek medical care and determine the cause of their cough. In essence, respiratory complications are a significant issue that impacts many people’s health, and people with different symptoms should seek health care services.
References
Cao, J., Zhang, N., Wang, Z., Su, J., Yang, J., Han, J., & Zhao, Y. (2019). Microneedle-assisted transdermal delivery of etanercept for rheumatoid arthritis treatment.Pharmaceutics, 11(5), 235. Web.
Chen, X. F., Du, M., Wang, X. H., & Yan, H. (2019). Effect of etanercept on post-traumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy. International Journal of Ophthalmology, 12(5), 731. Web.
De Giacomi, F., Vassallo, R., Yi, E. S., & Ryu, J. H. (2018). Acute eosinophilic pneumonia. Causes, diagnosis, and management.American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 197(6), 728-736. Web.
Galvis, J. N., Vargas, M. V., Robinson, H. N., Tyan, P., Gu, A., Wei, C, & Moawad, G. (2019). Impact of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease on Laparoscopic Hysterectomy Outcome. JSLS: Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons, 23(1). Web.
Suzuki, Y., & Suda, T. (2019). Eosinophilic pneumonia: A review of the previous literature, causes, diagnosis, and management.Allergology International, 68(4), 413-419. Web.
Yuan, H., Liu, X., Li, L., Wang, G., Liu, C., Zeng, Y., & Chen, Z. (2019). Clinical and pulmonary function changes in cough variant asthma with small airway disease.Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology, 15(1), 1-10. Web.
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