Pollution Control Policy: Glodal Issues

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Table of Contents

Introduction
Global warming
A carbon tax sceme
References

Introduction

Pollution is one of the major threats in the whole world. These problems can be dealt with them fully by various bodies across the world which are responsible for controlling pollution. They usually draft policies that govern the whole world on the control strategies which need to be applied. Some of these bodies include; Regional bodies which ensure that policies are adhered to in regional areas which makes control strategies more specific since they usually control a small area, another body that deals with the control strategies are the local planning authority which deals with the issue of pollution at a local level. Therefore, the global issue of pollution needs to be addressed well since it results in great problems globally which usually affects so many sectors.

Global warming

Global warming results in climate change it is usually a result of increased temperature in the earth and ocean and this took place in the mid 19th century and it is anticipated to continue for a long time if the current pollution situation continues. Global air temperature increases near the earth which increases its effects. The effects of global warming are usually a result of greenhouse effects, industrial emissions, and also as a result of various human activities.

Global warming poses a great problem for the global biosphere since it affects the habitat of most of the natural occupants of the global hemisphere (Gwartney, 2005). The effect felt results in climatic and biological changes. These changes affect both plants and animals since they experience quite different effects from the ones they have been coping with. This can lead to hibernation in animals and the death of plants as a result of unbearable climatic conditions and high temperatures.

Change in climatic conditions can result in early breeding of animals whereby in most cases they do not produce viable offspring.

Migration is another aspect felt in care of global warming since animals tend to move to those zones where climatic condition is favorable. Plants and animals finally end up occupying those regions that are not very hot. Global warming can also result in the death of some organisms due to the high concentration of toxic gases in the atmosphere such as increased carbon dioxide concentration and other gases from the factories and industries. These gases accumulate in the environment hindering animals and plants from leading a normal life. As a result of Global warming, the total biomass production has decreased in most of the forest regions especially in tropics and northern latitudes.

In economics, global warming has brought about quite a several problems since the change in climate which is a result of global warming can bring the productivity of a country very low. The effect is felt in Agricultural products from both plants and animals which are the raw material for industrial use. When there are few or no raw materials for industries and factories, the economic status can be affected since there will be no trading materials.

Global warming can bring about so many unprecedented costs to the economy globally. It is anticipated that if the current climate change continues, it can result in a loss of 20% of the global output in a few years to come (Gwartney, 2005). Global warming has consequently increased the cost of living since a lot of money has been used to deal with the issue of global warming which could hence be used for other purposes.

Another problem brought about by global warming is intergenerational externalities since there is the issue of the production of fossil, fuels. This threatens the country’s future cost of other fuels which could have brought revenue to the country’s economy.

A carbon tax sceme

Therefore, global warming has posed a lot of problems to the economy of the country since it results in a lot of expenditure and less input in the country’s economic status.

A carbon tax is taxed regarding the emission of carbon dioxide and it is also taxed on the emission of other greenhouse gases which contributes to global warming (Boyer, 2000). A carbon tax is one of the examples of pollution tax that is favored by most economists. The tax that is usually taxed should be equal to the marginal damage cost so that the amount of money that is realized can be used to some of the problems of carbon pollution. This tax is mainly taxed on the use of Fossil Fuel only and other greenhouse gases (Haites, Bruce, 1996). The carbon tax is usually taxed so that the emission of carbon dioxide can be reduced which will help in slowing down the effect of global warming. It is usually used when Fossils are burnt down to release fuels which are usually rated to the amount of carbon dioxide which is produced. The tax can be used to fund environmental projects which aim at dealing with the issue of environmental pollution. The money that is realized from the tax paid for the amount of carbon emission should be used to fund various schemes, which aim at dealing completely with the issue of global warming.

A tradable permit scheme is meant to deal with the issue of global warming. A tradable permit scheme deals with market approaches that are meant for carbon dioxide emissions. In economic concept, the policy is also referred to as marketable emission Permit (Dobes 1998). This is mainly meant to the aggregate level of the emission from reaching the targeted level which will limit the relative effect of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

These permits are allocated equally in all the countries so that those who want to trade with substances/fuels which result in the emission of these gases can be given authority regarding the conditions that are set globally of the issue of carbon trading. This scheme can serve as a regulatory standard globally and this can equally reduce the effect of carbon dioxide in the universe.

This scheme would lay a great impact on the fossil trade of fuels since the scheme is meant to reduce the use of fossil fuels as an energy source to the economy of the world. This scheme will have a great effect on the industries and policies that govern land use.

Pros of a carbon tax

By imposing this tax, consumer behavior can be changed on the use of the fossils which emit carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Through taxation, also companies can move efficiently on the use of these fuels which will hence reduce the effect of these gases in the atmosphere.
Carbon tax can help in changing the behavior of the destructing environment and this can result in the use of private utilities so that the technology that applies can be clean which usually profits the shareholders of those private utilities.
Carbon tax can be used to share the cost globally so that the effect of greenhouse emissions can be reduced in all economic sectors. This is because each country will have the contribution of tax collected from its members who are trading on carbon.
With a carbon tax, any kind of trading system can be acquired, which is aimed at emission credit which would hence result in a competitive corporation that can result in doing better environmentally.

Cons of Carbon Tax

People view these taxes as a grab to benefit the government since they do not realize how the money is used to eliminate the effect because the effect is continuously increasing.
It can have a great impact on big projects which include oil ore, sand which usually deal with a tight schedule and projected demand.
The tax could be inflationary which results in additional costs. These additional costs can affect the industry’s expenditure which will hence result in a high cost of productivity and as a result the total cost of the industrial products increases.

Pros of Carbon Trading

It has boosted trade in many countries since those countries which have but their emission rates can have money from the other percentage which they are not using by selling the permit to those countries with increased emission rates.
Greenhouse emissions are reduced since public transit is encouraged since facilities can be sold to carbon markets. The money realized can hence be used for funding projects which are aimed at reducing emission (Boddy, 2004).
Companies can reduce production costs since they will not be forced to install expensive machinery which is aimed at reducing the effect of carbon dioxide.

Cons of Carbon Trading

It will result in excessive pollution in the environment since the companies will acquire licenses for polluting the environment and therefore the effect of these gases will increase greatly which will result in global warming (Boddy, 2004).

The two forms are quite potential in boosting the government revenue, but as an economist, the government should adopt the tradable scheme since this scheme will be entirely left for shareholders of the scheme to trade. The scheme can be more efficient in meeting the goals of shareholders and this results in the company benefiting since they will experience total control of the scheme (Cline R., 1992). Government benefit since no much effort and time is required for it to carry out the operation of the scheme and this brings less effort to the regulatory body of the government.

Therefore, the issue of global warming has a major economic impact which has resulted in government intervention so that the effect can hence be reduced to boost the productivity of the globe. All the governments need to put extra effort into ensuring that the issue of carbon dioxide is under control since it has resulted in major problems both to the environment and in the economic status of the country. A carbon trading scheme can be used to alleviate this problem since it will benefit both the countries in dealing with the issue of pollution and also industries can also benefit from the scheme since it will help in trading with those things which lead to emission of carbon dioxide.

References

Pearson C, 2008, Helping to simplify Economics, Web.

Dobes L., 1998, Carbon tradable scheme, Web.

Michael M., Kuik O., 2003, Emission trading and competitiveness: Journal of Energy policies, 32(16) 737-745.

Boddy S., 2004, Pros and Cons of Trading. Web.

Cline R., 1992, The Economics of Global Warming, United Kingdom: Peterson Institute.

Gwartney D., 2005, Economics: Private and Public Choice, United Kingdom: Thomson.

Haites E., Bruce P., 1996, Climate Change 1995: Journal of Economics and Environment 16(2) 156-166.

Boyer j., 2000, Warming the World: Journal of Economics 46(2), 52-71.

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