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Ancient sea captains used dead reckoning to keep their ships on course throughou
Ancient sea captains used dead reckoning to keep their ships on course throughout their voyages and figure out where they were going. Do you think that they followed the sun, the shoreline, or even the stars? Yes, they did. However, by knowing the speed, time, and course of their travel, they could determine where and approximately when they would arrive.
Columbus—and most other sailors of his era—used dead reckoning to navigate. Starting from a known point, such as a port, a navigator measures out the course and distance from that point on a chart, pricking the chart with a pin to mark the new position. These early navigators used math to help them find their way and stay on course when wind, current, and other factors affected their journeys. Unfortunately, Columbus never reached the destination where he thought he would end up. Why do you think that happened?
Dead reckoning is the process of navigation by advancing a known position using course, speed, time, and distance to be traveled. In other words, figuring out where you will be at a certain time if you hold the speed, time, and course you plan to travel.
You will submit the provided map on which you plot routes 1,2 &3. You will submit the answer key document where you state your answers and show your work for Parts 1-5. Make sure you show all of your work!!
Instructions
General Information:
Use the attached worksheet to chart each of the three courses.
Include a separate document that details all your work and answers the questions in Parts 1-5. A sample document is provided, which you can use, or you can create your own (see the ″Assignment Resources″ section below).
Note: Your ship can sail 6 squares/month. Each square represents 125 miles.
Part 1:
Starting from Portugal at the blue star and traveling due west, draw one vector for each month of travel, connecting them tip to tail until you reach land.
In what country will you make landfall?
How many months will it take to reach land?
Part 2:
Start from Portugal again. Unfortunately, the wind does not always blow the way you want! To determine how the wind affects our travel, we will have to include the wind vector. First, draw your ship vector, just like in part 1. Now at the end of that vector, add the wind vector. Please label each ship vector and wind vector as ???????→
and ???????→
respectively. Now, draw the resulting vector, and label that as ???????→
. For example, the first ship vector, wind vector, and resultant vector will be named ?1→
, ?1→
, and ?1→
. Do the same for the next month and each subsequent month until you reach land. Remember that the wind changes, so each month, you will have to add a different wind vector. The list of different winds for each month is on the following line.
Month 1: 3 squares S
Month 2: 2 diagonal squares SE
Month 3: 4 squares W
Month 4: 3 diagonal squares SW
Month 5: 6 squares S
Where will you make landfall now?
How many months to reach land?
Part 3:
Calculate the actual total distance traveled by the ship on the way to your destination in Part 2. The actual distance traveled by the ship is the sum of the resultant vectors for each month. Give your answer in miles, rounded to the nearest whole number.
Part 4:
Calculate the speed of the ship in both miles per month and miles per hour (rate ＝ distance/time). Assume 31 days/month. Give your answers rounded to the nearest whole number.
Part 5:
Sail from your destination in Part 2 to the red star located on the African coast. Travel the same 6 squares each month. But this time they will be 6 squares east each month. Plot your own course adding in wind vectors. Your course must include a minimum of 3 wind vectors that are in different directions. Please write down the directions of your wind vectors as part of your work for this part. Then calculate the total distance in miles and speed of the ship in miles per month and miles per hour.
** Please remember to show all work to receive full credit. Many students struggle with plotting the vectors in Part 1 and Part 2, and finding the total distance in Part 3. Please look at the following example that shows a similar but different example of Parts 1, 2, and 3.
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