120B – Take-home Final Exam: Course Topic Summaries Overview: By the end of the

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120B – Take-home Final Exam: Course Topic Summaries
Overview:
By the end of the

120B – Take-home Final Exam: Course Topic Summaries
Overview:
By the end of the course, we will have covered 9 chapters of the textbook (i.e., chapters
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10), as well as the reading assignment and material discussed
regarding multisensory perception. Out of these 10 general areas discussed in class,
please select 5 of them, and for each of the 5, find a specific topic that was discussed in
lecture that interests you. For each of the 5 specific topics that you choose, you will be
asked to look into that topic in more detail and write a short summary about what you
have learned about that topic from your investigation.
Assignment Details:
For each of the topics you’ve selected, you’ll be asked to complete the following:
a) Find either (i) a more in-depth discussion of the lecture topic or (ii) a summary of
a topic that is closely related to one discussed in lecture (see examples below for what
this could look like). Acceptable sources for this assignment include other textbooks, or
peer-reviewed review journals (such as Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Psychological
Reviews, Nature Neuroscience Reviews, etc.). You may use Wikipedia as a source for no
more than two of the topics.
b) Write a 2-paragraph summary of the materials you read, including the full APA-
style citation of the source.
In total, your assignment will consist of 5 summaries, each of them 2 paragraphs, totaling
to 10 paragraphs.
Here are some examples:
For chapter 6, one of the topics discussed was Bayesian inference. If you are interested in
doing your summary of that chapter on this topic, you can choose to get more in-depth on
something that was discussed in class regarding Bayesian inference, such as a specific
Bayesian model of visual perception, by reading about it and summarizing it.
Alternatively, you could choose something that is tangentially related to what was
discussed in class, for example how Bayesian inference may be implemented in the
brain. You could then find some material on theories of how Bayesian inference may be
implemented in the nervous system, and summarize one or more of them in 2 paragraphs.
For chapter 5, you could choose to read a more in-depth treatment of encoding color in
the visual pathway than was provided in your textbook or lecture, or you can choose to
read about something that was not discussed in class directly but is related to what was
discussed, such as color deficiencies. Do something similar for half of the chapters (and
the multisensory material) of your choosing that were covered in class, and you’ll be
done!
Grading:
The exam will be graded based on the following considerations:
a. We expect each summary to be closely related to one of the topics discussed in
lecture, as described above.
b. We expect the source to be a reliable source, as described above.
c. We expect that your summary shows that you have read the material you are
citing, and have understood it (at the level that you are summarizing).
d. We expect that your summary is your summary and not plagiarized from another
source. Plagiarisms will be detected and reported to the Dean of Students. Please see
UCLA student conduct code below.
Academic Dishonesty:
Section 102.01 of the UCLA Student Conduct Code prohibits all forms of academic
misconduct or research misconduct, including, but not limited to, cheating, fabrication or
falsification, plagiarism, multiple submissions, facilitating academic dishonesty, coercion
regarding grading or evaluation of coursework, or unauthorized collaboration. By
submitting your exam for grading, you affirm that your work is solely your own and that
you have not communicated with anyone other than the instructor and proctors in any
way during the exam.
Additional information:
Below is a non-exhaustive list of some of the topics that were discussed in lectures for
your convenience. You are not restricted to these topics and can choose any other topic
that was discussed in class.
Basics
Structure of neurons
Structure and functions of the brain
How neurons send and receive information (synaptic transmission)
Bottom-up vs Top-down processing
Psychophysics
Goal of psychophysics
Thresholds
Absolute thresholds
Difference thresholds (or just noticeable difference, a.k.a. JND)
Psychophysical methods
Constant stimuli
Limits
Adjustment
Psychophysical laws
Weber’s Law
Fechner’s Law
Steven’s Law
Psychophysical scaling & magnitude estimation
Signal detection theory
Response criterion (or response bias) vs Sensitivity
Visual pathway & Spatial vision
Eye
structure and function
How images are projected onto the retina
Retina
structure and functions
photoreceptors
types and and how they work
Field of view and Visual field
Visual angle
Visual field: fovea, para-fovea & periphery
Blind spot
Eccentricity
Distribution of rods and cones in terms of retinal location
Dark adaptation
difference between rods and cones
Retinal ganglion cells
the center-surround structure and its response properties
Visual acuity
Difference in acuity between foveal and peripheral vision
The acuity-sensitivity trade-off
Sine-wave gratings
Sensitivity of retinal ganglion cells to:
phase
spatial frequencies
Lateral Geniculate Nuclei (LGN)
Topographical mapping
Magnocellular layers
Parvocellular layers
Primary visual cortex (V1)
Topographical mapping
Cortical magnification factor
Receptive field
Cells in V1
Simple cells
Complex cells
End-stopped cells
V1 Organization
location columns
orientation columns
ocular dominance columns
Hypercolumns
Spatial frequency
Contrast sensitivity function
Two visual streams/pathways
Ventral stream (the “What” pathway)
Dorsal stream (the “Where” parhway)
Extrastriate cortex
V2, V3, V4, MT & IT
Color Vision
Psychological dimensions of color
Hue
Saturation
Brightness
Functions of color vision
Color mixing: Additive vs Subtractive
Color contrast
Negative afterimages
Color blindness
Wavelength sensitivity of cones
Response patterns of the three types across different wavelengths
The problem of univariance
Theories for color perception
Trichromatic theory
Evidence for the theory
color matching experiment
Response patterns of three types of cones
Opponent color theory
Evidence for the theory
color phenomena and our intuition
hue cancellation experiment
Unique hues
“color-opponent” neurons
Putting the two theories together
A two-stage processing
Reflectance curve of a surface
Color constancy
Color adaptation
Color memory
Object Perception
Perception vs. Recognition
Edge detection
Edge classification
Junction detection and classification – relatability, non-accidental features Boundary
assignment
Unit formation – Gestalt Principles
Object Ambiguity: ambiguous figures and accidental viewpoints
Shape perception
Template vs. Structural Description Theories
Geon Theory
Elastic Graph representation
Feature-based representation
Perceiving Depth
Depth Cues and informational format (metric vs. relative)
Kinematic
Stereoscopic
Oculomotor
Pictorial Information
Perception as an inference
Bayes Theorem and Bayesian inference
Combining depth cues
Perceiving Motion
Sensitivity to motion
Apparent Motion
Correspondence and aperture problems
General Theories of Motion Perception – Exner and Wertheimer
Experiments
Basic Motion Detectors – Reichardt Detectors
Perceiving stable world
1st-order vs. 2nd-order motion
Motion information for form – Rigid vs. non-rigid motion
Auditory Perception
Sound as Information
The Physical Stimulus for Sound
The Mathematical Description of Sound – amplitude, frequency, and phase
Sketch of the Auditory Pathway
Psychological Dimensions of Hearing
Auditory Space Perception
Complex Sounds
Sound Source Segregation
Continuity and Restoration Effects
Multisensory Integration
Phrenology vs. Functional Neuroanatomy
Modularity in the brain
Interactions between modalities
Visual Capture
Ventriloquist Illusion
McGurk Effect
Sound-induced flash illusion
“Unisensory” cortical areas

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